fix debug info

The old syntax seems to be silently ignored on (at least)
Nix 2.7.0.

Cargo.lock

@@ -249,9 +249,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
-version = "0.2.5"
+version = "0.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d39cd93900197114fa1fcb7ae84ca742095eed9442088988ae74fa744e930e77"
+checksum = "9be70c98951c83b8d2f8f60d7065fa6d5146873094452a1008da8c2f1e4205ad"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "libc",
@@ -278,9 +278,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
-version = "1.8.0"
+version = "1.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "282a6247722caba404c065016bbfa522806e51714c34f5dfc3e4a3a46fcb4223"
+checksum = "0f647032dfaa1f8b6dc29bd3edb7bbef4861b8b8007ebb118d6db284fd59f6ee"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
  "hashbrown",
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "llvm-sys",
  "once_cell",
- "parking_lot",
+ "parking_lot 0.11.2",
  "regex",
 ]
 
@@ -422,9 +422,9 @@ checksum = "e2abad23fbc42b3700f2f279844dc832adb2b2eb069b2df918f455c4e18cc646"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.121"
+version = "0.2.122"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "efaa7b300f3b5fe8eb6bf21ce3895e1751d9665086af2d64b42f19701015ff4f"
+checksum = "ec647867e2bf0772e28c8bcde4f0d19a9216916e890543b5a03ed8ef27b8f259"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libloading"
@@ -457,10 +457,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lock_api"
-version = "0.4.6"
+version = "0.4.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "88943dd7ef4a2e5a4bfa2753aaab3013e34ce2533d1996fb18ef591e315e2b3b"
+checksum = "327fa5b6a6940e4699ec49a9beae1ea4845c6bab9314e4f84ac68742139d8c53"
 dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
  "scopeguard",
 ]
 
@@ -495,7 +496,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "inkwell",
  "nac3core",
  "nac3parser",
- "parking_lot",
+ "parking_lot 0.11.2",
  "pyo3",
  "tempfile",
 ]
@@ -506,7 +507,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "fxhash",
  "lazy_static",
- "parking_lot",
+ "parking_lot 0.11.2",
  "string-interner",
 ]
 
@@ -520,7 +521,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "insta",
  "itertools",
  "nac3parser",
- "parking_lot",
+ "parking_lot 0.11.2",
  "rayon",
  "regex",
  "test-case",
@@ -549,7 +550,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "inkwell",
  "nac3core",
  "nac3parser",
- "parking_lot",
+ "parking_lot 0.11.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -582,7 +583,17 @@ checksum = "7d17b78036a60663b797adeaee46f5c9dfebb86948d1255007a1d6be0271ff99"
 dependencies = [
  "instant",
  "lock_api",
- "parking_lot_core",
+ "parking_lot_core 0.8.5",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "parking_lot"
+version = "0.12.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "87f5ec2493a61ac0506c0f4199f99070cbe83857b0337006a30f3e6719b8ef58"
+dependencies = [
+ "lock_api",
+ "parking_lot_core 0.9.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -599,6 +610,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "parking_lot_core"
+version = "0.9.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "995f667a6c822200b0433ac218e05582f0e2efa1b922a3fd2fbaadc5f87bab37"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "redox_syscall",
+ "smallvec",
+ "windows-sys",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "paste"
 version = "0.1.18"
@@ -716,9 +740,9 @@ checksum = "dbf0c48bc1d91375ae5c3cd81e3722dff1abcf81a30960240640d223f59fe0e5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.36"
+version = "1.0.37"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c7342d5883fbccae1cc37a2353b09c87c9b0f3afd73f5fb9bba687a1f733b029"
+checksum = "ec757218438d5fda206afc041538b2f6d889286160d649a86a24d37e1235afd1"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-xid",
 ]
@@ -732,7 +756,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "indoc 0.3.6",
  "libc",
- "parking_lot",
+ "parking_lot 0.11.2",
  "paste",
  "pyo3-build-config",
  "pyo3-macros",
@@ -773,9 +797,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
-version = "1.0.16"
+version = "1.0.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b4af2ec4714533fcdf07e886f17025ace8b997b9ce51204ee69b6da831c3da57"
+checksum = "a1feb54ed693b93a84e14094943b84b7c4eae204c512b7ccb95ab0c66d278ad1"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
 ]
@@ -837,18 +861,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_syscall"
-version = "0.2.11"
+version = "0.2.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8380fe0152551244f0747b1bf41737e0f8a74f97a14ccefd1148187271634f3c"
+checksum = "62f25bc4c7e55e0b0b7a1d43fb893f4fa1361d0abe38b9ce4f323c2adfe6ef42"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_users"
-version = "0.4.2"
+version = "0.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7776223e2696f1aa4c6b0170e83212f47296a00424305117d013dfe86fb0fe55"
+checksum = "b033d837a7cf162d7993aded9304e30a83213c648b6e389db233191f891e5c2b"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom",
  "redox_syscall",
@@ -998,22 +1022,22 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "string_cache"
-version = "0.8.3"
+version = "0.8.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "33994d0838dc2d152d17a62adf608a869b5e846b65b389af7f3dbc1de45c5b26"
+checksum = "213494b7a2b503146286049378ce02b482200519accc31872ee8be91fa820a08"
 dependencies = [
- "lazy_static",
  "new_debug_unreachable",
- "parking_lot",
+ "once_cell",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.0",
  "phf_shared 0.10.0",
  "precomputed-hash",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "1.0.89"
+version = "1.0.91"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ea297be220d52398dcc07ce15a209fce436d361735ac1db700cab3b6cdfb9f54"
+checksum = "b683b2b825c8eef438b77c36a06dc262294da3d5a5813fac20da149241dcd44d"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1207,6 +1231,49 @@ version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.34.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5acdd78cb4ba54c0045ac14f62d8f94a03d10047904ae2a40afa1e99d8f70825"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc",
+ "windows_i686_gnu",
+ "windows_i686_msvc",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
+version = "0.34.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "17cffbe740121affb56fad0fc0e421804adf0ae00891205213b5cecd30db881d"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_gnu"
+version = "0.34.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2564fde759adb79129d9b4f54be42b32c89970c18ebf93124ca8870a498688ed"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_msvc"
+version = "0.34.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9cd9d32ba70453522332c14d38814bceeb747d80b3958676007acadd7e166956"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
+version = "0.34.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cfce6deae227ee8d356d19effc141a509cc503dfd1f850622ec4b0f84428e1f4"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
+version = "0.34.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d19538ccc21819d01deaf88d6a17eae6596a12e9aafdbb97916fb49896d89de9"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "yaml-rust"
 version = "0.4.5"

README.md

@@ -16,40 +16,28 @@ NAC3 is packaged using the [Nix](https://nixos.org) Flakes system. Install Nix 2
 
 After setting up Nix as above, use ``nix shell git+https://github.com/m-labs/artiq.git?ref=nac3`` to get a shell with the NAC3 version of ARTIQ. See the ``examples`` directory in ARTIQ (``nac3`` Git branch) for some samples of NAC3 kernel code.
 
-### Windows (work in progress)
+### Windows
 
-NAC3 ARTIQ packaging for MSYS2/Windows is not yet complete so installation involves many manual steps. It is also less tested and you may encounter problems.
+Install [MSYS2](https://www.msys2.org/), and open "MSYS2 MinGW x64". Edit ``/etc/pacman.conf`` to add:
-
-Install [MSYS2](https://www.msys2.org/) and run the following commands:
 ```
-pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-python-h5py mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pyqt5 mingw-w64-x86_64-python-scipy mingw-w64-x86_64-python-prettytable mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pygit2
+[artiq]
-pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pip
+SigLevel = Optional TrustAll
-pip install qasync
+Server = https://lab.m-labs.hk/msys2
-pip install pyqtgraph
-pacman -S patch git
-git clone https://github.com/m-labs/sipyco
-cd sipyco
-git show 20c946aad78872fe60b78d9b57a624d69f3eea47 | patch -p1 -R
-python setup.py install
-cd ..
-git clone -b nac3 https://github.com/m-labs/artiq
-cd artiq
-python setup.py install
 ```
 
-Locate a recent build of ``nac3artiq-msys2`` from [Hydra](https://nixbld.m-labs.hk) and download ``nac3artiq.zip``. Then extract the contents in the appropriate location:
+Then run the following commands:
 ```
-pacman -S unzip
+pacman -Syu
-wget https://nixbld.m-labs.hk/build/97899/download/1/nac3artiq.zip  # edit the build number
+pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-artiq
-unzip nac3artiq.zip -d C:/msys64/mingw64/lib/python3.9/site-packages
 ```
 
-Install additional NAC3 dependencies:
+Install ``lld-msys2`` manually:
 ```
-pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-lld
+wget https://nixbld.m-labs.hk/build/115527/download/1/ld.lld.exe
+mv ld.lld.exe C:/msys64/mingw64/bin
 ```
 
-And you should be good to go.
+Note: This build of NAC3 cannot be used with Anaconda Python nor the python.org binaries for Windows. Those Python versions are compiled with Visual Studio (MSVC) and their ABI is incompatible with the GNU ABI used in this build. We have no plans to support Visual Studio nor the MSVC ABI. If you need a MSVC build, please install the requisite bloated spyware from Microsoft and compile NAC3 yourself.
 
 ## For developers
 

flake.lock

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
   "nodes": {
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1647992509,
+        "lastModified": 1649619156,
-        "narHash": "sha256-AG40Nt5OWz0LBs5p457emOuwLKOvTtcv/2fUdnEN3Ws=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-p0q4zpuKMwrzGF+5ZU7Thnpac5TinhDI9jr2mBxhV4w=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "d2caa9377539e3b5ff1272ac3aa2d15f3081069f",
+        "rev": "e7d63bd0d50df412f5a1d8acfa3caae75522e347",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {

flake.nix

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
       pkgs = import nixpkgs { system = "x86_64-linux"; };
     in rec {
       packages.x86_64-linux = rec {
-        llvm-nac3 = pkgs.callPackage "${self}/llvm" {};
+        llvm-nac3 = pkgs.callPackage ./nix/llvm {};
         nac3artiq = pkgs.python3Packages.toPythonModule (
           pkgs.rustPlatform.buildRustPackage {
             name = "nac3artiq";
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
         };
 
         # LLVM PGO support
-        llvm-nac3-instrumented = pkgs.callPackage "${self}/llvm" {
+        llvm-nac3-instrumented = pkgs.callPackage ./nix/llvm {
           stdenv = pkgs.llvmPackages_13.stdenv;
           extraCmakeFlags = [ "-DLLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED=IR" ];
         };
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
             llvm-profdata merge -o $out/llvm.profdata /build/llvm/build/profiles/*
             '';
         };
-        llvm-nac3-pgo = pkgs.callPackage "${self}/llvm" {
+        llvm-nac3-pgo = pkgs.callPackage ./nix/llvm {
           stdenv = pkgs.llvmPackages_13.stdenv;
           extraCmakeFlags = [ "-DLLVM_PROFDATA_FILE=${nac3artiq-profile}/llvm.profdata" ];
         };
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
         );
       };
 
-      packages.x86_64-w64-mingw32 = import ./windows { inherit pkgs; };
+      packages.x86_64-w64-mingw32 = import ./nix/windows { inherit pkgs; };
 
       devShell.x86_64-linux = pkgs.mkShell {
         name = "nac3-dev-shell";
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
         ];
       };
       devShells.x86_64-linux.msys2 = pkgs.mkShell {
-        name = "nac3-dev-shell";
+        name = "nac3-dev-shell-msys2";
         buildInputs = with pkgs; [
           curl
           pacman
@@ -142,11 +142,13 @@
         inherit (packages.x86_64-linux) llvm-nac3 nac3artiq;
         llvm-nac3-msys2 = packages.x86_64-w64-mingw32.llvm-nac3;
         nac3artiq-msys2 = packages.x86_64-w64-mingw32.nac3artiq;
+        nac3artiq-msys2-pkg = packages.x86_64-w64-mingw32.nac3artiq-pkg;
+        lld-msys2 = packages.x86_64-w64-mingw32.lld;
       };
   };
 
   nixConfig = {
-    binaryCachePublicKeys = ["nixbld.m-labs.hk-1:5aSRVA5b320xbNvu30tqxVPXpld73bhtOeH6uAjRyHc="];
+    extra-trusted-public-keys = "nixbld.m-labs.hk-1:5aSRVA5b320xbNvu30tqxVPXpld73bhtOeH6uAjRyHc=";
-    binaryCaches = ["https://nixbld.m-labs.hk" "https://cache.nixos.org"];
+    extra-substituters = "https://nixbld.m-labs.hk";
   };
 }

nac3artiq/demo/demo.py

@@ -1,10 +1,4 @@
 from min_artiq import *
-from numpy import int32, int64
-
-
-@extern
-def output_int(x: int32):
-    ...
 
 
 @nac3

nac3artiq/demo/embedding_map.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ class EmbeddingMap:
         self.string_map = {}
         self.string_reverse_map = {}
         self.function_map = {}
+        self.attributes_writeback = []
 
         # preallocate exception names
         self.preallocate_runtime_exception_names(["RuntimeError",
@@ -16,7 +17,8 @@ class EmbeddingMap:
                                           "CacheError",
                                           "SPIError",
                                           "0:ZeroDivisionError",
-                                          "0:IndexError"])
+                                          "0:IndexError",
+                                          "0:UnwrapNoneError"])
 
     def preallocate_runtime_exception_names(self, names):
         for i, name in enumerate(names):

nac3artiq/demo/min_artiq.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from embedding_map import EmbeddingMap
 
 __all__ = [
     "Kernel", "KernelInvariant", "virtual",
-    "Option", "Some", "none",
+    "Option", "Some", "none", "UnwrapNoneError",
     "round64", "floor64", "ceil64",
     "extern", "kernel", "portable", "nac3",
     "rpc", "ms", "us", "ns",
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class Option(Generic[T]):
     
     def unwrap(self):
         if self.is_none():
-            raise ValueError("unwrap on none")
+            raise UnwrapNoneError()
         return self._nac3_option
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
@@ -274,5 +274,10 @@ class KernelContextManager:
     def __exit__(self):
         pass
 
+@nac3
+class UnwrapNoneError(Exception):
+    """raised when unwrapping a none value"""
+    artiq_builtin = True
+
 parallel = KernelContextManager()
 sequential = KernelContextManager()

nac3artiq/src/codegen.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use nac3core::{
     },
     symbol_resolver::ValueEnum,
     toplevel::{DefinitionId, GenCall},
-    typecheck::typedef::{FunSignature, Type},
+    typecheck::typedef::{FunSignature, FuncArg, Type, TypeEnum}
 };
 
 use nac3parser::ast::{Expr, ExprKind, Located, Stmt, StmtKind, StrRef};
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ use inkwell::{
     context::Context, module::Linkage, types::IntType, values::BasicValueEnum, AddressSpace,
 };
 
-use crate::timeline::TimeFns;
+use pyo3::{PyObject, PyResult, Python, types::{PyDict, PyList}};
+
+use crate::{symbol_resolver::InnerResolver, timeline::TimeFns};
 
 use std::{
     collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher,
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ impl<'b> CodeGenerator for ArtiqCodeGenerator<'b> {
     ) -> Result<Option<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>>, String> {
         let result = gen_call(self, ctx, obj, fun, params)?;
         if let Some(end) = self.end.clone() {
-            let old_end = self.gen_expr(ctx, &end)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, self)?;
+            let old_end = self.gen_expr(ctx, &end)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, self, end.custom.unwrap())?;
             let now = self.timeline.emit_now_mu(ctx);
             let smax = ctx.module.get_function("llvm.smax.i64").unwrap_or_else(|| {
                 let i64 = ctx.ctx.i64_type();
@@ -86,7 +88,7 @@ impl<'b> CodeGenerator for ArtiqCodeGenerator<'b> {
             ctx.builder.build_store(end_store, max);
         }
         if let Some(start) = self.start.clone() {
-            let start_val = self.gen_expr(ctx, &start)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, self)?;
+            let start_val = self.gen_expr(ctx, &start)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, self, start.custom.unwrap())?;
             self.timeline.emit_at_mu(ctx, start_val);
         }
         Ok(result)
@@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ impl<'b> CodeGenerator for ArtiqCodeGenerator<'b> {
                         let old_start = self.start.take();
                         let old_end = self.end.take();
                         let now = if let Some(old_start) = &old_start {
-                            self.gen_expr(ctx, old_start)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, self)?
+                            self.gen_expr(ctx, old_start)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, self, old_start.custom.unwrap())?
                         } else {
                             self.timeline.emit_now_mu(ctx)
                         };
@@ -172,8 +174,10 @@ impl<'b> CodeGenerator for ArtiqCodeGenerator<'b> {
                         };
                         // set duration
                         let end_expr = self.end.take().unwrap();
-                        let end_val =
+                        let end_val = self
-                            self.gen_expr(ctx, &end_expr)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, self)?;
+                            .gen_expr(ctx, &end_expr)?
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, self, end_expr.custom.unwrap())?;
 
                         // inside a sequential block
                         if old_start.is_none() {
@@ -184,7 +188,7 @@ impl<'b> CodeGenerator for ArtiqCodeGenerator<'b> {
                             let outer_end_val = self
                                 .gen_expr(ctx, old_end)?
                                 .unwrap()
-                                .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, self)?;
+                                .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, self, old_end.custom.unwrap())?;
                             let smax =
                                 ctx.module.get_function("llvm.smax.i64").unwrap_or_else(|| {
                                     let i64 = ctx.ctx.i64_type();
@@ -270,8 +274,6 @@ fn gen_rpc_tag<'ctx, 'a>(
                 buffer.push(b'l');
                 gen_rpc_tag(ctx, *ty, buffer)?;
             }
-            // we should return an error, this will be fixed after improving error message
-            // as this requires returning an error during codegen
             _ => return Err(format!("Unsupported type: {:?}", ctx.unifier.stringify(ty))),
         }
     }
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@ fn rpc_codegen_callback_fn<'ctx, 'a>(
     let int32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
     let tag_ptr_type = ctx.ctx.struct_type(&[ptr_type.into(), size_type.into()], false);
 
-    let service_id = int32.const_int(fun.1 .0 as u64, false);
+    let service_id = int32.const_int(fun.1.0 as u64, false);
     // -- setup rpc tags
     let mut tag = Vec::new();
     if obj.is_some() {
@@ -361,14 +363,17 @@ fn rpc_codegen_callback_fn<'ctx, 'a>(
     }
     // default value handling
     for k in keys.into_iter() {
-        mapping.insert(k.name, ctx.gen_symbol_val(generator, &k.default_value.unwrap()).into());
+        mapping.insert(
+            k.name,
+            ctx.gen_symbol_val(generator, &k.default_value.unwrap(), k.ty).into()
+        );
     }
     // reorder the parameters
     let mut real_params = fun
         .0
         .args
         .iter()
-        .map(|arg| mapping.remove(&arg.name).unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator))
+        .map(|arg| mapping.remove(&arg.name).unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, arg.ty))
         .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
     if let Some(obj) = obj {
         if let ValueEnum::Static(obj) = obj.1 {
@@ -486,6 +491,83 @@ fn rpc_codegen_callback_fn<'ctx, 'a>(
     Ok(Some(result))
 }
 
+pub fn attributes_writeback<'ctx, 'a>(
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
+    generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
+    inner_resolver: &InnerResolver,
+    host_attributes: PyObject,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<Result<(), String>> {
+        let host_attributes = host_attributes.cast_as::<PyList>(py)?;
+        let top_levels = ctx.top_level.definitions.read();
+        let globals = inner_resolver.global_value_ids.read();
+        let int32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
+        let zero = int32.const_zero();
+        let mut values = Vec::new();
+        let mut scratch_buffer = Vec::new();
+        for (_, val) in globals.iter() {
+            let val = val.as_ref(py);
+            let ty = inner_resolver.get_obj_type(py, val, &mut ctx.unifier, &top_levels, &ctx.primitives)?;
+            if let Err(ty) = ty {
+                return Ok(Err(ty))
+            }
+            let ty = ty.unwrap();
+            match &*ctx.unifier.get_ty(ty) {
+                TypeEnum::TObj { fields, obj_id, .. }
+                    if *obj_id != ctx.primitives.option.get_obj_id(&ctx.unifier) =>
+                {
+                    // we only care about primitive attributes
+                    // for non-primitive attributes, they should be in another global
+                    let mut attributes = Vec::new();
+                    let obj = inner_resolver.get_obj_value(py, val, ctx, generator, ty)?.unwrap();
+                    for (name, (field_ty, is_mutable)) in fields.iter() {
+                        if !is_mutable {
+                            continue
+                        }
+                        if gen_rpc_tag(ctx, *field_ty, &mut scratch_buffer).is_ok() {
+                            attributes.push(name.to_string());
+                            let index = ctx.get_attr_index(ty, *name);
+                            values.push((*field_ty, ctx.build_gep_and_load(
+                                            obj.into_pointer_value(),
+                                            &[zero, int32.const_int(index as u64, false)])));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if !attributes.is_empty() {
+                        let pydict = PyDict::new(py);
+                        pydict.set_item("obj", val)?;
+                        pydict.set_item("fields", attributes)?;
+                        host_attributes.append(pydict)?;
+                    }
+                },
+                TypeEnum::TList { ty: elem_ty } => {
+                    if gen_rpc_tag(ctx, *elem_ty, &mut scratch_buffer).is_ok() {
+                        let pydict = PyDict::new(py);
+                        pydict.set_item("obj", val)?;
+                        host_attributes.append(pydict)?;
+                        values.push((ty, inner_resolver.get_obj_value(py, val, ctx, generator, ty)?.unwrap()));
+                    }
+                },
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+        let fun = FunSignature {
+            args: values.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, (ty, _))| FuncArg {
+                name: i.to_string().into(),
+                ty: *ty,
+                default_value: None
+            }).collect(),
+            ret: ctx.primitives.none,
+            vars: Default::default()
+        };
+        let args: Vec<_> = values.into_iter().map(|(_, val)| (None, ValueEnum::Dynamic(val))).collect();
+        if let Err(e) = rpc_codegen_callback_fn(ctx, None, (&fun, DefinitionId(0)), args, generator) {
+            return Ok(Err(e));
+        }
+        Ok(Ok(()))
+    }).unwrap()?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 pub fn rpc_codegen_callback() -> Arc<GenCall> {
     Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(|ctx, obj, fun, args, generator| {
         rpc_codegen_callback_fn(ctx, obj, fun, args, generator)

nac3artiq/src/lib.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use inkwell::{
     targets::*,
     OptimizationLevel,
 };
+use nac3core::codegen::gen_func_impl;
 use nac3core::toplevel::builtins::get_exn_constructor;
 use nac3core::typecheck::typedef::{TypeEnum, Unifier};
 use nac3parser::{
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ use nac3core::{
 
 use tempfile::{self, TempDir};
 
+use crate::codegen::attributes_writeback;
 use crate::{
     codegen::{rpc_codegen_callback, ArtiqCodeGenerator},
     symbol_resolver::{InnerResolver, PythonHelper, Resolver, DeferredEvaluationStore},
@@ -63,6 +65,7 @@ pub struct PrimitivePythonId {
     uint32: u64,
     uint64: u64,
     float: u64,
+    float64: u64,
     bool: u64,
     list: u64,
     tuple: u64,
@@ -326,8 +329,9 @@ impl Nac3 {
                     ret: primitive.none,
                     vars: HashMap::new(),
                 },
-                Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(move |ctx, _, _, args, generator| {
+                Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(move |ctx, _, fun, args, generator| {
-                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator).unwrap();
+                    let arg_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
+                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, arg_ty).unwrap();
                     time_fns.emit_at_mu(ctx, arg);
                     Ok(None)
                 }))),
@@ -343,8 +347,9 @@ impl Nac3 {
                     ret: primitive.none,
                     vars: HashMap::new(),
                 },
-                Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(move |ctx, _, _, args, generator| {
+                Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(move |ctx, _, fun, args, generator| {
-                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator).unwrap();
+                    let arg_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
+                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, arg_ty).unwrap();
                     time_fns.emit_delay_mu(ctx, arg);
                     Ok(None)
                 }))),
@@ -393,6 +398,7 @@ impl Nac3 {
             uint64: get_attr_id(numpy_mod, "uint64"),
             bool: get_attr_id(builtins_mod, "bool"),
             float: get_attr_id(builtins_mod, "float"),
+            float64: get_attr_id(numpy_mod, "float64"),
             list: get_attr_id(builtins_mod, "list"),
             tuple: get_attr_id(builtins_mod, "tuple"),
             exception: get_attr_id(builtins_mod, "Exception"),
@@ -476,6 +482,8 @@ impl Nac3 {
         let store_obj = embedding_map.getattr("store_object").unwrap().to_object(py);
         let store_str = embedding_map.getattr("store_str").unwrap().to_object(py);
         let store_fun = embedding_map.getattr("store_function").unwrap().to_object(py);
+        let host_attributes = embedding_map.getattr("attributes_writeback").unwrap().to_object(py);
+        let global_value_ids: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<_, _>>> = Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new()));
         let helper = PythonHelper {
             id_fn: builtins.getattr("id").unwrap().to_object(py),
             len_fn: builtins.getattr("len").unwrap().to_object(py),
@@ -496,13 +504,13 @@ impl Nac3 {
             "KeyError",
             "NotImplementedError",
             "OverflowError",
-            "IOError"
+            "IOError",
+            "UnwrapNoneError",
         ];
         add_exceptions(&mut composer, &mut builtins_def, &mut builtins_ty, &exception_names);
 
         let mut module_to_resolver_cache: HashMap<u64, _> = HashMap::new();
 
-        let global_value_ids = Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashSet::<u64>::new()));
         let mut rpc_ids = vec![];
         for (stmt, path, module) in self.top_levels.iter() {
             let py_module: &PyAny = module.extract(py)?;
@@ -616,7 +624,7 @@ impl Nac3 {
         };
         let mut synthesized =
             parse_program(&synthesized, "__nac3_synthesized_modinit__".to_string().into()).unwrap();
-        let resolver = Arc::new(Resolver(Arc::new(InnerResolver {
+        let inner_resolver = Arc::new(InnerResolver {
             id_to_type: builtins_ty.clone().into(),
             id_to_def: builtins_def.clone().into(),
             pyid_to_def: self.pyid_to_def.clone(),
@@ -633,17 +641,18 @@ impl Nac3 {
             string_store: self.string_store.clone(),
             exception_ids: self.exception_ids.clone(),
             deferred_eval_store: self.deferred_eval_store.clone(),
-        }))) as Arc<dyn SymbolResolver + Send + Sync>;
+        });
+        let resolver = Arc::new(Resolver(inner_resolver.clone())) as Arc<dyn SymbolResolver + Send + Sync>;
         let (_, def_id, _) = composer
             .register_top_level(synthesized.pop().unwrap(), Some(resolver.clone()), "".into())
             .unwrap();
 
-        let signature =
+        let fun_signature =
             FunSignature { args: vec![], ret: self.primitive.none, vars: HashMap::new() };
         let mut store = ConcreteTypeStore::new();
         let mut cache = HashMap::new();
         let signature =
-            store.from_signature(&mut composer.unifier, &self.primitive, &signature, &mut cache);
+            store.from_signature(&mut composer.unifier, &self.primitive, &fun_signature, &mut cache);
         let signature = store.add_cty(signature);
 
         if let Err(e) = composer.start_analysis(true) {
@@ -720,12 +729,29 @@ impl Nac3 {
             symbol_name: "__modinit__".to_string(),
             body: instance.body,
             signature,
-            resolver,
+            resolver: resolver.clone(),
             store,
             unifier_index: instance.unifier_id,
             calls: instance.calls,
             id: 0,
         };
+
+        let mut store = ConcreteTypeStore::new();
+        let mut cache = HashMap::new();
+        let signature =
+            store.from_signature(&mut composer.unifier, &self.primitive, &fun_signature, &mut cache);
+        let signature = store.add_cty(signature);
+        let attributes_writeback_task = CodeGenTask {
+            subst: Default::default(),
+            symbol_name: "attributes_writeback".to_string(),
+            body: Arc::new(Default::default()),
+            signature,
+            resolver,
+            store,
+            unifier_index: instance.unifier_id,
+            calls: Arc::new(Default::default()),
+            id: 0,
+        };
         let isa = self.isa;
         let working_directory = self.working_directory.path().to_owned();
 
@@ -745,14 +771,27 @@ impl Nac3 {
             .map(|s| Box::new(ArtiqCodeGenerator::new(s.to_string(), size_t, self.time_fns)))
             .collect();
 
+        let membuffer = membuffers.clone();
         py.allow_threads(|| {
             let (registry, handles) = WorkerRegistry::create_workers(threads, top_level.clone(), f);
             registry.add_task(task);
             registry.wait_tasks_complete(handles);
+
+            let mut generator = ArtiqCodeGenerator::new("attributes_writeback".to_string(), size_t, self.time_fns);
+            let context = inkwell::context::Context::create();
+            let module = context.create_module("attributes_writeback");
+            let builder = context.create_builder();
+            let (_, module, _) = gen_func_impl(&context, &mut generator, &registry, builder, module,
+                attributes_writeback_task, |generator, ctx| {
+                    attributes_writeback(ctx, generator, inner_resolver.as_ref(), host_attributes)
+                }).unwrap();
+            let buffer = module.write_bitcode_to_memory();
+            let buffer = buffer.as_slice().into();
+            membuffer.lock().push(buffer);
         });
 
-        let buffers = membuffers.lock();
         let context = inkwell::context::Context::create();
+        let buffers = membuffers.lock();
         let main = context
             .create_module_from_ir(MemoryBuffer::create_from_memory_range(&buffers[0], "main"))
             .unwrap();
@@ -764,6 +803,11 @@ impl Nac3 {
             main.link_in_module(other)
                 .map_err(|err| CompileError::new_err(err.to_string()))?;
         }
+        let builder = context.create_builder();
+        let modinit_return = main.get_function("__modinit__").unwrap().get_last_basic_block().unwrap().get_terminator().unwrap();
+        builder.position_before(&modinit_return);
+        builder.build_call(main.get_function("attributes_writeback").unwrap(), &[], "attributes_writeback");
+
         main.link_in_module(load_irrt(&context))
             .map_err(|err| CompileError::new_err(err.to_string()))?;
 
@@ -827,7 +871,11 @@ impl Nac3 {
             );
         }
 
-        if let Ok(linker_status) = Command::new("ld.lld").args(linker_args).status() {
+        #[cfg(not(windows))]
+        let lld_command = "ld.lld";
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        let lld_command = "ld.lld.exe";
+        if let Ok(linker_status) = Command::new(lld_command).args(linker_args).status() {
             if !linker_status.success() {
                 return Err(CompileError::new_err("failed to start linker"));
             }

nac3artiq/src/symbol_resolver.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use pyo3::{
     PyAny, PyObject, PyResult, Python,
 };
 use std::{
-    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
+    collections::HashMap,
     sync::{
         Arc,
         atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering::Relaxed}
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pub struct InnerResolver {
     pub id_to_pyval: RwLock<HashMap<StrRef, (u64, PyObject)>>,
     pub id_to_primitive: RwLock<HashMap<u64, PrimitiveValue>>,
     pub field_to_val: RwLock<HashMap<(u64, StrRef), Option<(u64, PyObject)>>>,
-    pub global_value_ids: Arc<RwLock<HashSet<u64>>>,
+    pub global_value_ids: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<u64, PyObject>>>,
     pub class_names: Mutex<HashMap<StrRef, Type>>,
     pub pyid_to_def: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<u64, DefinitionId>>>,
     pub pyid_to_type: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<u64, Type>>>,
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ impl StaticValue for PythonValue {
         &self,
         ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
         generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
+        expected_ty: Type,
     ) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
         if let Some(val) = self.resolver.id_to_primitive.read().get(&self.id) {
             return Ok(match val {
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ impl StaticValue for PythonValue {
 
         Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>> {
             self.resolver
-                .get_obj_value(py, self.value.as_ref(py), ctx, generator)
+                .get_obj_value(py, self.value.as_ref(py), ctx, generator, expected_ty)
                 .map(Option::unwrap)
         }).map_err(|e| e.to_string())
     }
@@ -169,6 +170,16 @@ impl StaticValue for PythonValue {
                 let helper = &self.resolver.helper;
                 let ty = helper.type_fn.call1(py, (&self.value,))?;
                 let ty_id: u64 = helper.id_fn.call1(py, (ty,))?.extract(py)?;
+                // for optimizing unwrap KernelInvariant
+                if ty_id == self.resolver.primitive_ids.option && name == "_nac3_option".into() {
+                    let obj = self.value.getattr(py, &name.to_string())?;
+                    let id = self.resolver.helper.id_fn.call1(py, (&obj,))?.extract(py)?;
+                    if self.id == self.resolver.primitive_ids.none {
+                        return Ok(None)
+                    } else {
+                        return Ok(Some((id, obj)))
+                    }
+                }
                 let def_id = { *self.resolver.pyid_to_def.read().get(&ty_id).unwrap() };
                 let mut mutable = true;
                 let defs = ctx.top_level.definitions.read();
@@ -201,6 +212,28 @@ impl StaticValue for PythonValue {
             }))
         })
     }
+
+    fn get_tuple_element<'ctx>(&self, index: u32) -> Option<ValueEnum<'ctx>> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<Option<(u64, PyObject)>> {
+            let helper = &self.resolver.helper;
+            let ty = helper.type_fn.call1(py, (&self.value,))?;
+            let ty_id: u64 = helper.id_fn.call1(py, (ty,))?.extract(py)?;
+            assert_eq!(ty_id, self.resolver.primitive_ids.tuple);
+            let tup: &PyTuple = self.value.extract(py)?;
+            let elem = tup.get_item(index as usize);
+            let id = self.resolver.helper.id_fn.call1(py, (elem,))?.extract(py)?;
+            Ok(Some((id, elem.into())))
+        })
+        .unwrap()
+        .map(|(id, obj)| {
+            ValueEnum::Static(Arc::new(PythonValue {
+                id,
+                value: obj,
+                store_obj: self.store_obj.clone(),
+                resolver: self.resolver.clone(),
+            }))
+        })
+    }
 }
 
 impl InnerResolver {
@@ -269,6 +302,8 @@ impl InnerResolver {
             Ok(Ok((primitives.bool, true)))
         } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.float {
             Ok(Ok((primitives.float, true)))
+        } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.float64 {
+            Ok(Ok((primitives.float, true)))
         } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.exception {
             Ok(Ok((primitives.exception, true)))
         } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.list {
@@ -503,7 +538,7 @@ impl InnerResolver {
         }
     }
 
-    fn get_obj_type(
+    pub fn get_obj_type(
         &self,
         py: Python,
         obj: &PyAny,
@@ -512,8 +547,8 @@ impl InnerResolver {
         primitives: &PrimitiveStore,
     ) -> PyResult<Result<Type, String>> {
         let ty = self.helper.type_fn.call1(py, (obj,)).unwrap();
-        let ty_id: u64 = self.helper.id_fn.call1(py, (ty.clone(),))?.extract(py)?;
+        let py_obj_id: u64 = self.helper.id_fn.call1(py, (obj,))?.extract(py)?;
-        if let Some(ty) = self.pyid_to_type.read().get(&ty_id) {
+        if let Some(ty) = self.pyid_to_type.read().get(&py_obj_id) {
             return Ok(Ok(*ty))
         }
         let (extracted_ty, inst_check) = match self.get_pyty_obj_type(
@@ -544,7 +579,7 @@ impl InnerResolver {
                 let len: usize = self.helper.len_fn.call1(py, (obj,))?.extract(py)?;
                 if len == 0 {
                     assert!(matches!(
-                        &*unifier.get_ty(extracted_ty),
+                        &*unifier.get_ty(*ty),
                         TypeEnum::TVar { fields: None, range, .. }
                             if range.is_empty()
                     ));
@@ -605,7 +640,7 @@ impl InnerResolver {
                         unreachable!("must be tobj")
                     }
                 }
-                
+
                 let ty = match self.get_obj_type(py, field_data, unifier, defs, primitives)? {
                     Ok(t) => t,
                     Err(e) => {
@@ -620,6 +655,7 @@ impl InnerResolver {
                 Ok(Ok(res))
             }
             (TypeEnum::TObj { params, fields, .. }, false) => {
+                self.pyid_to_type.write().insert(py_obj_id, extracted_ty);
                 let var_map = params
                     .iter()
                     .map(|(id_var, ty)| {
@@ -673,18 +709,25 @@ impl InnerResolver {
                     let extracted_ty = unifier.subst(extracted_ty, &var_map).unwrap_or(extracted_ty);
                     Ok(Ok(extracted_ty))
                 };
-                instantiate_obj()
+                let result = instantiate_obj();
+                // update/remove the cache according to the result
+                match result {
+                    Ok(Ok(ty)) => self.pyid_to_type.write().insert(py_obj_id, ty),
+                    _ => self.pyid_to_type.write().remove(&py_obj_id)
+                };
+                result
             }
             _ => Ok(Ok(extracted_ty)),
         }
     }
 
-    fn get_obj_value<'ctx, 'a>(
+    pub fn get_obj_value<'ctx, 'a>(
         &self,
         py: Python,
         obj: &PyAny,
         ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
         generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
+        expected_ty: Type,
     ) -> PyResult<Option<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>>> {
         let ty_id: u64 =
             self.helper.id_fn.call1(py, (self.helper.type_fn.call1(py, (obj,))?,))?.extract(py)?;
@@ -714,7 +757,7 @@ impl InnerResolver {
                     format!("{} is not in the range of bool", obj)))?;
             self.id_to_primitive.write().insert(id, PrimitiveValue::Bool(val));
             Ok(Some(ctx.ctx.bool_type().const_int(val as u64, false).into()))
-        } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.float {
+        } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.float || ty_id == self.primitive_ids.float64 {
             let val: f64 = obj.extract().map_err(|_| super::CompileError::new_err(
                     format!("{} is not in the range of float64", obj)))?;
             self.id_to_primitive.write().insert(id, PrimitiveValue::F64(val));
@@ -727,40 +770,39 @@ impl InnerResolver {
             }
 
             let len: usize = self.helper.len_fn.call1(py, (obj,))?.extract(py)?;
-            let ty = if len == 0 {
+            let elem_ty =
-                ctx.primitives.int32
+                if let TypeEnum::TList { ty } = ctx.unifier.get_ty_immutable(expected_ty).as_ref()
+            {
+                *ty
             } else {
-                self.get_list_elem_type(
+                unreachable!("must be list")
-                    py,
-                    obj,
-                    len,
-                    &mut ctx.unifier,
-                    &ctx.top_level.definitions.read(),
-                    &ctx.primitives,
-                )?
-                .unwrap()
             };
-            let ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, ty);
+            let ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
             let size_t = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
             let arr_ty = ctx
                 .ctx
                 .struct_type(&[ty.ptr_type(AddressSpace::Generic).into(), size_t.into()], false);
 
             {
-                if self.global_value_ids.read().contains(&id) {
+                if self.global_value_ids.read().contains_key(&id) {
                     let global = ctx.module.get_global(&id_str).unwrap_or_else(|| {
                         ctx.module.add_global(arr_ty, Some(AddressSpace::Generic), &id_str)
                     });
                     return Ok(Some(global.as_pointer_value().into()));
                 } else {
-                    self.global_value_ids.write().insert(id);
+                    self.global_value_ids.write().insert(id, obj.into());
                 }
             }
 
             let arr: Result<Option<Vec<_>>, _> = (0..len)
                 .map(|i| {
-                    obj.get_item(i).and_then(|elem| self.get_obj_value(py, elem, ctx, generator).map_err(
+                    obj
-                            |e| super::CompileError::new_err(format!("Error getting element {}: {}", i, e))))
+                        .get_item(i)
+                        .and_then(|elem| self.get_obj_value(py, elem, ctx, generator, elem_ty)
+                        .map_err(
+                            |e| super::CompileError::new_err(
+                                format!("Error getting element {}: {}", i, e))
+                        ))
                 })
                 .collect();
             let arr = arr?.unwrap();
@@ -801,58 +843,48 @@ impl InnerResolver {
 
             Ok(Some(global.as_pointer_value().into()))
         } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.tuple {
-            let id_str = id.to_string();
+            if let TypeEnum::TTuple { ty } = ctx.unifier.get_ty_immutable(expected_ty).as_ref() {
-
+                let tup_tys = ty.iter();
-            if let Some(global) = ctx.module.get_global(&id_str) {
+                let elements: &PyTuple = obj.cast_as()?;
-                return Ok(Some(global.as_pointer_value().into()));
+                assert_eq!(elements.len(), tup_tys.len());
+                let val: Result<Option<Vec<_>>, _> =
+                    elements
+                        .iter()
+                        .enumerate()
+                        .zip(tup_tys)
+                        .map(|((i, elem), ty)| self
+                            .get_obj_value(py, elem, ctx, generator, *ty).map_err(|e|
+                                super::CompileError::new_err(
+                                    format!("Error getting element {}: {}", i, e)
+                                )
+                            )
+                        ).collect();
+                let val = val?.unwrap();
+                let val = ctx.ctx.const_struct(&val, false);
+                Ok(Some(val.into()))
+            } else {
+                unreachable!("must expect tuple type")
             }
-
-            let elements: &PyTuple = obj.cast_as()?;
-            let types: Result<Result<Vec<_>, _>, _> = elements
-                .iter()
-                .enumerate()
-                .map(|(i, elem)| {
-                    self.get_obj_type(
-                        py,
-                        elem,
-                        &mut ctx.unifier,
-                        &ctx.top_level.definitions.read(),
-                        &ctx.primitives,
-                    )
-                    .map_err(|e| super::CompileError::new_err(format!("Error getting element {}: {}", i, e)))
-                    .map(|ty| ty.map(|ty| ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, ty)))
-                })
-                .collect();
-            let types = types?.unwrap();
-            let ty = ctx.ctx.struct_type(&types, false);
-
-            {
-                if self.global_value_ids.read().contains(&id) {
-                    let global = ctx.module.get_global(&id_str).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                        ctx.module.add_global(ty, Some(AddressSpace::Generic), &id_str)
-                    });
-                    return Ok(Some(global.as_pointer_value().into()));
-                } else {
-                    self.global_value_ids.write().insert(id);
-                }
-            }
-
-            let val: Result<Option<Vec<_>>, _> =
-                elements.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, elem)| self.get_obj_value(py, elem, ctx, generator).map_err(|e|
-                        super::CompileError::new_err(format!("Error getting element {}: {}", i, e)))).collect();
-            let val = val?.unwrap();
-            let val = ctx.ctx.const_struct(&val, false);
-            let global = ctx.module.add_global(ty, Some(AddressSpace::Generic), &id_str);
-            global.set_initializer(&val);
-            Ok(Some(global.as_pointer_value().into()))
         } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.option {
+            let option_val_ty = match ctx.unifier.get_ty_immutable(expected_ty).as_ref() {
+                TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, params, .. }
+                    if *obj_id == ctx.primitives.option.get_obj_id(&ctx.unifier) =>
+                {
+                    *params.iter().next().unwrap().1
+                }
+                _ => unreachable!("must be option type")
+            };
             if id == self.primitive_ids.none {
-                // for option type, just a null ptr, whose type needs to be casted in codegen
+                // for option type, just a null ptr
-                // according to the type info attached in the ast
+                Ok(Some(
-                Ok(Some(ctx.ctx.i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::Generic).const_null().into()))
+                    ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, option_val_ty)
+                        .ptr_type(AddressSpace::Generic)
+                        .const_null()
+                        .into(),
+                ))
             } else {
                 match self
-                    .get_obj_value(py, obj.getattr("_nac3_option").unwrap(), ctx, generator)
+                    .get_obj_value(py, obj.getattr("_nac3_option").unwrap(), ctx, generator, option_val_ty)
                     .map_err(|e| {
                         super::CompileError::new_err(format!(
                             "Error getting value of Option object: {}",
@@ -862,13 +894,13 @@ impl InnerResolver {
                     Some(v) => {
                         let global_str = format!("{}_option", id);
                         {
-                            if self.global_value_ids.read().contains(&id) {
+                            if self.global_value_ids.read().contains_key(&id) {
                                 let global = ctx.module.get_global(&global_str).unwrap_or_else(|| {
                                     ctx.module.add_global(v.get_type(), Some(AddressSpace::Generic), &global_str)
                                 });
                                 return Ok(Some(global.as_pointer_value().into()));
                             } else {
-                                self.global_value_ids.write().insert(id);
+                                self.global_value_ids.write().insert(id, obj.into());
                             }
                         }
                         let global = ctx.module.add_global(v.get_type(), Some(AddressSpace::Generic), &global_str);
@@ -895,13 +927,13 @@ impl InnerResolver {
                 .get_element_type()
                 .into_struct_type();
             {
-                if self.global_value_ids.read().contains(&id) {
+                if self.global_value_ids.read().contains_key(&id) {
                     let global = ctx.module.get_global(&id_str).unwrap_or_else(|| {
                         ctx.module.add_global(ty, Some(AddressSpace::Generic), &id_str)
                     });
                     return Ok(Some(global.as_pointer_value().into()));
                 } else {
-                    self.global_value_ids.write().insert(id);
+                    self.global_value_ids.write().insert(id, obj.into());
                 }
             }
             // should be classes
@@ -910,15 +942,17 @@ impl InnerResolver {
             if let TopLevelDef::Class { fields, .. } = &*definition {
                 let values: Result<Option<Vec<_>>, _> = fields
                     .iter()
-                    .map(|(name, _, _)| {
+                    .map(|(name, ty, _)| {
-                        self.get_obj_value(py, obj.getattr(&name.to_string())?, ctx, generator).map_err(|e|
+                        self.get_obj_value(py, obj.getattr(&name.to_string())?, ctx, generator, *ty)
-                            super::CompileError::new_err(format!("Error getting field {}: {}", name, e)))
+                            .map_err(|e| super::CompileError::new_err(format!("Error getting field {}: {}", name, e)))
                     })
                     .collect();
                 let values = values?;
                 if let Some(values) = values {
                     let val = ty.const_named_struct(&values);
-                    let global = ctx.module.add_global(ty, Some(AddressSpace::Generic), &id_str);
+                    let global = ctx.module.get_global(&id_str).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                        ctx.module.add_global(ty, Some(AddressSpace::Generic), &id_str)
+                    });
                     global.set_initializer(&val);
                     Ok(Some(global.as_pointer_value().into()))
                 } else {
@@ -935,6 +969,7 @@ impl InnerResolver {
         py: Python,
         obj: &PyAny,
     ) -> PyResult<Result<SymbolValue, String>> {
+        let id: u64 = self.helper.id_fn.call1(py, (obj,))?.extract(py)?;
         let ty_id: u64 =
             self.helper.id_fn.call1(py, (self.helper.type_fn.call1(py, (obj,))?,))?.extract(py)?;
         Ok(if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.int || ty_id == self.primitive_ids.int32 {
@@ -943,23 +978,33 @@ impl InnerResolver {
         } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.int64 {
             let val: i64 = obj.extract()?;
             Ok(SymbolValue::I64(val))
+        } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.uint32 {
+            let val: u32 = obj.extract()?;
+            Ok(SymbolValue::U32(val))
+        } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.uint64 {
+            let val: u64 = obj.extract()?;
+            Ok(SymbolValue::U64(val))
         } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.bool {
             let val: bool = obj.extract()?;
             Ok(SymbolValue::Bool(val))
-        } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.float {
+        } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.float || ty_id == self.primitive_ids.float64 {
             let val: f64 = obj.extract()?;
             Ok(SymbolValue::Double(val))
         } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.tuple {
             let elements: &PyTuple = obj.cast_as()?;
             let elements: Result<Result<Vec<_>, String>, _> =
                 elements.iter().map(|elem| self.get_default_param_obj_value(py, elem)).collect();
-            let elements = match elements? {
+            elements?.map(SymbolValue::Tuple)
-                Ok(el) => el,
+        } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.option {
-                Err(err) => return Ok(Err(err)),
+            if id == self.primitive_ids.none {
-            };
+                Ok(SymbolValue::OptionNone)
-            Ok(SymbolValue::Tuple(elements))
+            } else {
+                self
+                    .get_default_param_obj_value(py, obj.getattr("_nac3_option").unwrap())?
+                    .map(|v| SymbolValue::OptionSome(Box::new(v)))
+            }
         } else {
-            Err("only primitives values and tuple can be default parameter value".into())
+            Err("only primitives values, option and tuple can be default parameter value".into())
         })
     }
 }
@@ -975,8 +1020,9 @@ impl SymbolResolver for Resolver {
                     for (key, val) in members.iter() {
                         let key: &str = key.extract()?;
                         if key == id.to_string() {
-                            sym_value =
+                            if let Ok(Ok(v)) = self.0.get_default_param_obj_value(py, val) {
-                                Some(self.0.get_default_param_obj_value(py, val).unwrap().unwrap());
+                                sym_value = Some(v)
+                            }
                             break;
                         }
                     }
@@ -984,7 +1030,7 @@ impl SymbolResolver for Resolver {
                 })
                 .unwrap()
             }
-            _ => unimplemented!("other type of expr not supported at {}", expr.location),
+            _ => unreachable!("only for resolving names"),
         }
     }
 

nac3core/src/codegen/expr.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use inkwell::{
     AddressSpace,
+    debug_info::AsDIScope,
     attributes::{Attribute, AttributeLoc},
     types::{AnyType, BasicType, BasicTypeEnum},
     values::{BasicValueEnum, FunctionValue, IntValue, PointerValue}
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ impl<'ctx, 'a> CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a> {
         &mut self,
         generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
         val: &SymbolValue,
+        ty: Type,
     ) -> BasicValueEnum<'ctx> {
         match val {
             SymbolValue::I32(v) => self.ctx.i32_type().const_int(*v as u64, true).into(),
@@ -107,7 +109,7 @@ impl<'ctx, 'a> CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a> {
                 ty.const_named_struct(&[str_ptr, size.into()]).into()
             }
             SymbolValue::Tuple(ls) => {
-                let vals = ls.iter().map(|v| self.gen_symbol_val(generator, v)).collect_vec();
+                let vals = ls.iter().map(|v| self.gen_symbol_val(generator, v, ty)).collect_vec();
                 let fields = vals.iter().map(|v| v.get_type()).collect_vec();
                 let ty = self.ctx.struct_type(&fields, false);
                 let ptr = self.builder.build_alloca(ty, "tuple");
@@ -124,6 +126,33 @@ impl<'ctx, 'a> CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a> {
                 }
                 self.builder.build_load(ptr, "tup_val")
             }
+            SymbolValue::OptionSome(v) => {
+                let ty = match self.unifier.get_ty_immutable(ty).as_ref() {
+                    TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, params, .. }
+                        if *obj_id == self.primitives.option.get_obj_id(&self.unifier) =>
+                    {
+                        *params.iter().next().unwrap().1
+                    }
+                    _ => unreachable!("must be option type"),
+                };
+                let val = self.gen_symbol_val(generator, v, ty);
+                let ptr = self.builder.build_alloca(val.get_type(), "default_opt_some");
+                self.builder.build_store(ptr, val);
+                ptr.into()
+            }
+            SymbolValue::OptionNone => {
+                let ty = match self.unifier.get_ty_immutable(ty).as_ref() {
+                    TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, params, .. }
+                        if *obj_id == self.primitives.option.get_obj_id(&self.unifier) =>
+                    {
+                        *params.iter().next().unwrap().1
+                    }
+                    _ => unreachable!("must be option type"),
+                };
+                let actual_ptr_type =
+                    self.get_llvm_type(generator, ty).ptr_type(AddressSpace::Generic);
+                actual_ptr_type.const_null().into()
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -206,6 +235,7 @@ impl<'ctx, 'a> CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a> {
 
     pub fn gen_int_ops(
         &mut self,
+        generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
         op: &Operator,
         lhs: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
         rhs: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
@@ -241,7 +271,7 @@ impl<'ctx, 'a> CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a> {
             (Operator::RShift, _) => self.builder.build_right_shift(lhs, rhs, true, "rshift").into(),
             (Operator::FloorDiv, true) => self.builder.build_int_signed_div(lhs, rhs, "floordiv").into(),
             (Operator::FloorDiv, false) => self.builder.build_int_unsigned_div(lhs, rhs, "floordiv").into(),
-            (Operator::Pow, s) => integer_power(self, lhs, rhs, s).into(),
+            (Operator::Pow, s) => integer_power(generator, self, lhs, rhs, s).into(),
             // special implementation?
             (Operator::MatMult, _) => unreachable!(),
         }
@@ -355,17 +385,17 @@ impl<'ctx, 'a> CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn gen_string<G: CodeGenerator, S: Into<String>>(
+    pub fn gen_string<S: Into<String>>(
         &mut self,
-        generator: &mut G,
+        generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
         s: S,
     ) -> BasicValueEnum<'ctx> {
         self.gen_const(generator, &nac3parser::ast::Constant::Str(s.into()), self.primitives.str)
     }
 
-    pub fn raise_exn<G: CodeGenerator>(
+    pub fn raise_exn(
         &mut self,
-        generator: &mut G,
+        generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
         name: &str,
         msg: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
         params: [Option<IntValue<'ctx>>; 3],
@@ -402,14 +432,27 @@ impl<'ctx, 'a> CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a> {
         gen_raise(generator, self, Some(&zelf.into()), loc);
     }
 
-    pub fn make_assert<G: CodeGenerator>(
+    pub fn make_assert(
         &mut self,
-        generator: &mut G,
+        generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
         cond: IntValue<'ctx>,
         err_name: &str,
         err_msg: &str,
         params: [Option<IntValue<'ctx>>; 3],
         loc: Location,
+    ) {
+        let err_msg = self.gen_string(generator, err_msg);
+        self.make_assert_impl(generator, cond, err_name, err_msg, params, loc)
+    }
+
+    pub fn make_assert_impl(
+        &mut self,
+        generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
+        cond: IntValue<'ctx>,
+        err_name: &str,
+        err_msg: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
+        params: [Option<IntValue<'ctx>>; 3],
+        loc: Location,
     ) {
         let i1 = self.ctx.bool_type();
         let i1_true = i1.const_all_ones();
@@ -436,7 +479,6 @@ impl<'ctx, 'a> CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a> {
         let exn_block = self.ctx.append_basic_block(current_fun, "fail");
         self.builder.build_conditional_branch(cond, then_block, exn_block);
         self.builder.position_at_end(exn_block);
-        let err_msg = self.gen_string(generator, err_msg);
         self.raise_exn(generator, err_name, err_msg, params, loc);
         self.builder.position_at_end(then_block);
     }
@@ -593,19 +635,19 @@ pub fn gen_call<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                     }
                     mapping.insert(
                         k.name,
-                        ctx.gen_symbol_val(generator, &k.default_value.unwrap()).into(),
+                        ctx.gen_symbol_val(generator, &k.default_value.unwrap(), k.ty).into(),
                     );
                 }
                 // reorder the parameters
                 let mut real_params =
-                    fun.0.args.iter().map(|arg| mapping.remove(&arg.name).unwrap()).collect_vec();
+                    fun.0.args.iter().map(|arg| (mapping.remove(&arg.name).unwrap(), arg.ty)).collect_vec();
                 if let Some(obj) = &obj {
-                    real_params.insert(0, obj.1.clone());
+                    real_params.insert(0, (obj.1.clone(), obj.0));
                 }
                 let static_params = real_params
                     .iter()
                     .enumerate()
-                    .filter_map(|(i, v)| {
+                    .filter_map(|(i, (v, _))| {
                         if let ValueEnum::Static(s) = v {
                             Some((i, s.clone()))
                         } else {
@@ -637,7 +679,7 @@ pub fn gen_call<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                 };
                 param_vals = real_params
                     .into_iter()
-                    .map(|p| p.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator))
+                    .map(|(p, t)| p.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, t))
                     .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, String>>()?;
                 instance_to_symbol.get(&key).cloned().ok_or_else(|| "".into())
             }
@@ -750,7 +792,7 @@ pub fn gen_comprehension<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
         let cont_bb = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "cont");
 
         let Comprehension { target, iter, ifs, .. } = &generators[0];
-        let iter_val = generator.gen_expr(ctx, iter)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+        let iter_val = generator.gen_expr(ctx, iter)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, iter.custom.unwrap())?;
         let int32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
         let size_t = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
         let zero_size_t = size_t.const_zero();
@@ -855,7 +897,7 @@ pub fn gen_comprehension<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
             let result = generator
                 .gen_expr(ctx, cond)?
                 .unwrap()
-                .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?
+                .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, cond.custom.unwrap())?
                 .into_int_value();
             let succ = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "then");
             ctx.builder.build_conditional_branch(result, succ, test_bb);
@@ -864,7 +906,7 @@ pub fn gen_comprehension<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
         let elem = generator.gen_expr(ctx, elt)?.unwrap();
         let i = ctx.builder.build_load(index, "i").into_int_value();
         let elem_ptr = unsafe { ctx.builder.build_gep(list_content, &[i], "elem_ptr") };
-        let val = elem.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+        let val = elem.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, elt.custom.unwrap())?;
         ctx.builder.build_store(elem_ptr, val);
         ctx.builder
             .build_store(index, ctx.builder.build_int_add(i, size_t.const_int(1, false), "inc"));
@@ -889,30 +931,27 @@ pub fn gen_binop_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
 ) -> Result<ValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
     let ty1 = ctx.unifier.get_representative(left.custom.unwrap());
     let ty2 = ctx.unifier.get_representative(right.custom.unwrap());
-    let left = generator.gen_expr(ctx, left)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+    let left = generator.gen_expr(ctx, left)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, left.custom.unwrap())?;
-    let right = generator.gen_expr(ctx, right)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+    let right = generator.gen_expr(ctx, right)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, right.custom.unwrap())?;
 
     // we can directly compare the types, because we've got their representatives
     // which would be unchanged until further unification, which we would never do
     // when doing code generation for function instances
     Ok(if ty1 == ty2 && [ctx.primitives.int32, ctx.primitives.int64].contains(&ty1) {
-        ctx.gen_int_ops(op, left, right, true)
+        ctx.gen_int_ops(generator, op, left, right, true)
     } else if ty1 == ty2 && [ctx.primitives.uint32, ctx.primitives.uint64].contains(&ty1) {
-        ctx.gen_int_ops(op, left, right, false)
+        ctx.gen_int_ops(generator, op, left, right, false)
     } else if ty1 == ty2 && ctx.primitives.float == ty1 {
         ctx.gen_float_ops(op, left, right)
     } else if ty1 == ctx.primitives.float && ty2 == ctx.primitives.int32 {
         // Pow is the only operator that would pass typecheck between float and int
         assert!(*op == Operator::Pow);
-        // TODO: throw exception when rhs is out of i16 bound
+        let i32_t = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
-        // since llvm intrinsic only support to i16 for f64
+        let pow_intr = ctx.module.get_function("llvm.powi.f64.i32").unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        let i16_t = ctx.ctx.i16_type();
-        let pow_intr = ctx.module.get_function("llvm.powi.f64.i16").unwrap_or_else(|| {
             let f64_t = ctx.ctx.f64_type();
-            let ty = f64_t.fn_type(&[f64_t.into(), i16_t.into()], false);
+            let ty = f64_t.fn_type(&[f64_t.into(), i32_t.into()], false);
-            ctx.module.add_function("llvm.powi.f64.i16", ty, None)
+            ctx.module.add_function("llvm.powi.f64.i32", ty, None)
         });
-        let right = ctx.builder.build_int_truncate(right.into_int_value(), i16_t, "r_pow");
         ctx.builder
             .build_call(pow_intr, &[left.into(), right.into()], "f_pow_i")
             .try_as_basic_value()
@@ -928,8 +967,19 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
     expr: &Expr<Option<Type>>,
 ) -> Result<Option<ValueEnum<'ctx>>, String> {
+    ctx.current_loc = expr.location;
     let int32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
     let zero = int32.const_int(0, false);
+    
+    let loc = ctx.debug_info.0.create_debug_location(
+        ctx.ctx,
+        ctx.current_loc.row as u32,
+        ctx.current_loc.column as u32,
+        ctx.debug_info.2.as_debug_info_scope(),
+        None,
+    );
+    ctx.builder.set_current_debug_location(ctx.ctx, loc);
+
     Ok(Some(match &expr.node {
         ExprKind::Constant { value, .. } => {
             let ty = expr.custom.unwrap();
@@ -956,30 +1006,7 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
             Some((_, Some(static_value), _)) => ValueEnum::Static(static_value.clone()),
             None => {
                 let resolver = ctx.resolver.clone();
-                let val = resolver.get_symbol_value(*id, ctx).unwrap();
+                resolver.get_symbol_value(*id, ctx).unwrap()
-                // if is tuple, need to deref it to handle tuple as value
-                // if is option, need to cast pointer to handle None
-                match (
-                    &*ctx.unifier.get_ty(expr.custom.unwrap()),
-                    resolver
-                        .get_symbol_value(*id, ctx)
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?,
-                ) {
-                    (TypeEnum::TTuple { .. }, BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(ptr)) => {
-                        ctx.builder.build_load(ptr, "tup_val").into()
-                    }
-                    (TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, params, .. }, BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(ptr))
-                        if *obj_id == ctx.primitives.option.get_obj_id(&ctx.unifier) => {
-                            let actual_ptr_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(
-                                generator,
-                                *params.iter().next().unwrap().1,
-                            )
-                            .ptr_type(AddressSpace::Generic);
-                            ctx.builder.build_bitcast(ptr, actual_ptr_ty, "option_ptr_cast").into()
-                        }
-                    _ => val,
-                }
             }
         },
         ExprKind::List { elts, .. } => {
@@ -990,7 +1017,10 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                 .map(|x| {
                     generator
                         .gen_expr(ctx, x)
-                        .map_or_else(|e| Err(e), |v| v.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator))
+                        .map_or_else(
+                            Err,
+                            |v| v.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, x.custom.unwrap())
+                        )
                 })
                 .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
             let ty = if elements.is_empty() {
@@ -1023,7 +1053,7 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                 .map(|x| {
                     generator
                         .gen_expr(ctx, x)
-                        .map_or_else(|e| Err(e), |v| v.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator))
+                        .map_or_else(Err, |v| v.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, x.custom.unwrap()))
                 })
                 .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
             let element_ty = element_val.iter().map(BasicValueEnum::get_type).collect_vec();
@@ -1045,13 +1075,13 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
             // note that we would handle class methods directly in calls
             match generator.gen_expr(ctx, value)?.unwrap() {
                 ValueEnum::Static(v) => v.get_field(*attr, ctx).map_or_else(|| {
-                    let v = v.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let v = v.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, value.custom.unwrap())?;
                     let index = ctx.get_attr_index(value.custom.unwrap(), *attr);
                     Ok(ValueEnum::Dynamic(ctx.build_gep_and_load(
                         v.into_pointer_value(),
                         &[zero, int32.const_int(index as u64, false)],
                     ))) as Result<_, String>
-                }, |v| Ok(v))?,
+                }, Ok)?,
                 ValueEnum::Dynamic(v) => {
                     let index = ctx.get_attr_index(value.custom.unwrap(), *attr);
                     ValueEnum::Dynamic(ctx.build_gep_and_load(
@@ -1066,7 +1096,7 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
             let left = generator
                 .gen_expr(ctx, &values[0])?
                 .unwrap()
-                .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?
+                .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, values[0].custom.unwrap())?
                 .into_int_value();
             let current = ctx.builder.get_insert_block().unwrap().get_parent().unwrap();
             let a_bb = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "a");
@@ -1082,7 +1112,7 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                     let b = generator
                         .gen_expr(ctx, &values[1])?
                         .unwrap()
-                        .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?
+                        .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, values[1].custom.unwrap())?
                         .into_int_value();
                     ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(cont_bb);
                     (a, b)
@@ -1092,7 +1122,7 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                     let a = generator
                         .gen_expr(ctx, &values[1])?
                         .unwrap()
-                        .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?
+                        .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, values[1].custom.unwrap())?
                         .into_int_value();
                     ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(cont_bb);
                     ctx.builder.position_at_end(b_bb);
@@ -1110,7 +1140,9 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
         ExprKind::UnaryOp { op, operand } => {
             let ty = ctx.unifier.get_representative(operand.custom.unwrap());
             let val =
-                generator.gen_expr(ctx, operand)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                generator.gen_expr(ctx, operand)?
+                .unwrap()
+                .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, operand.custom.unwrap())?;
             if ty == ctx.primitives.bool {
                 let val = val.into_int_value();
                 match op {
@@ -1170,11 +1202,11 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                                 generator
                                     .gen_expr(ctx, lhs)?
                                     .unwrap()
-                                    .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?,
+                                    .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, lhs.custom.unwrap())?,
                                 generator
                                     .gen_expr(ctx, rhs)?
                                     .unwrap()
-                                    .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?,
+                                    .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, rhs.custom.unwrap())?,
                             ) {
                                 (lhs, rhs)
                             } else {
@@ -1198,11 +1230,11 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                                 generator
                                     .gen_expr(ctx, lhs)?
                                     .unwrap()
-                                    .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?,
+                                    .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, lhs.custom.unwrap())?,
                                 generator
                                     .gen_expr(ctx, rhs)?
                                     .unwrap()
-                                    .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?,
+                                    .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, rhs.custom.unwrap())?,
                             ) {
                                 (lhs, rhs)
                             } else {
@@ -1230,23 +1262,46 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
             let test = generator
                 .gen_expr(ctx, test)?
                 .unwrap()
-                .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?
+                .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, test.custom.unwrap())?
                 .into_int_value();
+            let body_ty = body.custom.unwrap();
+            let is_none = ctx.unifier.get_representative(body_ty) == ctx.primitives.none;
+            let result = if !is_none {
+                let llvm_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, body_ty);
+                Some(ctx.builder.build_alloca(llvm_ty, "if_exp_result"))
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
             let current = ctx.builder.get_insert_block().unwrap().get_parent().unwrap();
             let then_bb = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "then");
             let else_bb = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "else");
             let cont_bb = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "cont");
             ctx.builder.build_conditional_branch(test, then_bb, else_bb);
             ctx.builder.position_at_end(then_bb);
-            let a = generator.gen_expr(ctx, body)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+            let a = generator.gen_expr(ctx, body)?;
+            match result {
+                None => None,
+                Some(v) => {
+                    let a = a.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, body.custom.unwrap())?;
+                    Some(ctx.builder.build_store(v, a))
+                }
+            };
             ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(cont_bb);
             ctx.builder.position_at_end(else_bb);
-            let b = generator.gen_expr(ctx, orelse)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+            let b = generator.gen_expr(ctx, orelse)?;
+            match result {
+                None => None,
+                Some(v) => {
+                    let b = b.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, orelse.custom.unwrap())?;
+                    Some(ctx.builder.build_store(v, b))
+                }
+            };
             ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(cont_bb);
             ctx.builder.position_at_end(cont_bb);
-            let phi = ctx.builder.build_phi(a.get_type(), "ifexpr");
+            match result {
-            phi.add_incoming(&[(&a, then_bb), (&b, else_bb)]);
+                None => return Ok(None),
-            phi.as_basic_value().into()
+                Some(v) => return Ok(Some(ctx.builder.build_load(v, "if_exp_val_load").into()))
+            }
         }
         ExprKind::Call { func, args, keywords } => {
             let mut params = args
@@ -1310,23 +1365,66 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                         }
                     };
                     // directly generate code for option.unwrap
-                    // since it needs location information from ast
+                    // since it needs to return static value to optimize for kernel invariant
                     if attr == &"unwrap".into()
                         && id == ctx.primitives.option.get_obj_id(&ctx.unifier)
                     {
-                        if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(ptr) = val.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)? {
+                        match val {
-                            let not_null = ctx.builder.build_is_not_null(ptr, "unwrap_not_null");
+                            ValueEnum::Static(v) => match v.get_field("_nac3_option".into(), ctx) {
-                            ctx.make_assert(
+                                // if is none, raise exception directly
-                                generator,
+                                None => {
-                                not_null,
+                                    let err_msg = ctx.gen_string(generator, "");
-                                "0:ValueError",
+                                    let current_fun = ctx
-                                "unwrap on none",
+                                        .builder
-                                [None, None, None],
+                                        .get_insert_block()
-                                expr.location,
+                                        .unwrap()
-                            );
+                                        .get_parent()
-                            return Ok(Some(ctx.builder.build_load(ptr, "unwrap_some").into()))
+                                        .unwrap();
-                        } else {
+                                    let unreachable_block = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(
-                            unreachable!("option must be ptr")
+                                        current_fun,
+                                        "unwrap_none_unreachable"
+                                    );
+                                    let exn_block = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(
+                                        current_fun,
+                                        "unwrap_none_exception"
+                                    );
+                                    ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(exn_block);
+                                    ctx.builder.position_at_end(exn_block);
+                                    ctx.raise_exn(
+                                        generator,
+                                        "0:UnwrapNoneError",
+                                        err_msg,
+                                        [None, None, None],
+                                        ctx.current_loc
+                                    );
+                                    ctx.builder.position_at_end(unreachable_block);
+                                    let ptr = ctx
+                                        .get_llvm_type(generator, value.custom.unwrap())
+                                        .into_pointer_type()
+                                        .const_null();
+                                    return Ok(Some(ctx.builder.build_load(
+                                        ptr,
+                                        "unwrap_none_unreachable_load"
+                                    ).into()));
+                                }
+                                Some(v) => return Ok(Some(v)),
+                            }
+                            ValueEnum::Dynamic(BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(ptr)) => {
+                                let not_null = ctx.builder.build_is_not_null(ptr, "unwrap_not_null");
+                                ctx.make_assert(
+                                    generator,
+                                    not_null,
+                                    "0:UnwrapNoneError",
+                                    "",
+                                    [None, None, None],
+                                    expr.location,
+                                );
+                                return Ok(Some(ctx.builder.build_load(
+                                    ptr,
+                                    "unwrap_some_load"
+                                ).into()))
+                            }
+                            _ => unreachable!("option must be static or ptr")
                         }
                     }
                     return Ok(generator
@@ -1346,7 +1444,7 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                 let v = generator
                     .gen_expr(ctx, value)?
                     .unwrap()
-                    .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?
+                    .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, value.custom.unwrap())?
                     .into_pointer_value();
                 let ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, *ty);
                 let arr_ptr = ctx.build_gep_and_load(v, &[zero, zero]).into_pointer_value();
@@ -1355,6 +1453,7 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                     let (start, end, step) =
                         handle_slice_indices(lower, upper, step, ctx, generator, v)?;
                     let length = calculate_len_for_slice_range(
+                        generator,
                         ctx,
                         start,
                         ctx.builder
@@ -1376,8 +1475,8 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                     let res_ind =
                         handle_slice_indices(&None, &None, &None, ctx, generator, res_array_ret)?;
                     list_slice_assignment(
+                        generator,
                         ctx,
-                        generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx),
                         ty,
                         res_array_ret,
                         res_ind,
@@ -1392,7 +1491,7 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                     let raw_index = generator
                         .gen_expr(ctx, slice)?
                         .unwrap()
-                        .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?
+                        .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, slice.custom.unwrap())?
                         .into_int_value();
                     let raw_index = ctx.builder.build_int_s_extend(
                         raw_index,
@@ -1427,26 +1526,39 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                         [Some(raw_index), Some(len), None],
                         expr.location,
                     );
-                    ctx.build_gep_and_load(arr_ptr, &[index])
+                    ctx.build_gep_and_load(arr_ptr, &[index]).into()
                 }
             } else if let TypeEnum::TTuple { .. } = &*ctx.unifier.get_ty(value.custom.unwrap()) {
-                let v = generator
-                    .gen_expr(ctx, value)?
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?
-                    .into_struct_value();
                 let index: u32 =
                     if let ExprKind::Constant { value: ast::Constant::Int(v), .. } = &slice.node {
                         (*v).try_into().unwrap()
                     } else {
                         unreachable!("tuple subscript must be const int after type check");
                     };
-                ctx.builder.build_extract_value(v, index, "tup_elem").unwrap()
+                let v = generator
+                    .gen_expr(ctx, value)?
+                    .unwrap();
+                match v {
+                    ValueEnum::Dynamic(v) => {
+                        let v = v.into_struct_value();
+                        ctx.builder.build_extract_value(v, index, "tup_elem").unwrap().into()
+                    }
+                    ValueEnum::Static(v) => {
+                        match v.get_tuple_element(index) {
+                            Some(v) => v,
+                            None => {
+                                let tup = v
+                                    .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, value.custom.unwrap())?
+                                    .into_struct_value();
+                                ctx.builder.build_extract_value(tup, index, "tup_elem").unwrap().into()
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             } else {
                 unreachable!("should not be other subscriptable types after type check");
             }
-        }
+        },
-        .into(),
         ExprKind::ListComp { .. } => gen_comprehension(generator, ctx, expr)?.into(),
         _ => unimplemented!(),
     }))

nac3core/src/codegen/generator.rs

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub trait CodeGenerator {
     }
 
     /// Generate object constructor and returns the constructed object.
-    /// - signature: Function signature of the contructor.
+    /// - signature: Function signature of the constructor.
     /// - def: Class definition for the constructor class.
     /// - params: Function parameters.
     fn gen_constructor<'ctx, 'a>(

nac3core/src/codegen/irrt/mod.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use inkwell::{
     context::Context,
     memory_buffer::MemoryBuffer,
     module::Module,
-    types::{BasicTypeEnum, IntType},
+    types::BasicTypeEnum,
     values::{IntValue, PointerValue},
     AddressSpace, IntPredicate,
 };
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ pub fn load_irrt(ctx: &Context) -> Module {
 // repeated squaring method adapted from GNU Scientific Library:
 // https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gsl.git/tree/sys/pow_int.c
 pub fn integer_power<'ctx, 'a>(
+    generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
     base: IntValue<'ctx>,
     exp: IntValue<'ctx>,
@@ -51,7 +52,21 @@ pub fn integer_power<'ctx, 'a>(
         let fn_type = base_type.fn_type(&[base_type.into(), base_type.into()], false);
         ctx.module.add_function(symbol, fn_type, None)
     });
-    // TODO: throw exception when exp < 0
+    // throw exception when exp < 0
+    let ge_zero = ctx.builder.build_int_compare(
+        IntPredicate::SGE,
+        exp,
+        exp.get_type().const_zero(),
+        "assert_int_pow_ge_0",
+    );
+    ctx.make_assert(
+        generator,
+        ge_zero,
+        "0:ValueError",
+        "integer power must be positive or zero",
+        [None, None, None],
+        ctx.current_loc,
+    );
     ctx.builder
         .build_call(pow_fun, &[base.into(), exp.into()], "call_int_pow")
         .try_as_basic_value()
@@ -60,6 +75,7 @@ pub fn integer_power<'ctx, 'a>(
 }
 
 pub fn calculate_len_for_slice_range<'ctx, 'a>(
+    generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
     start: IntValue<'ctx>,
     end: IntValue<'ctx>,
@@ -72,7 +88,21 @@ pub fn calculate_len_for_slice_range<'ctx, 'a>(
         ctx.module.add_function(SYMBOL, fn_t, None)
     });
 
-    // TODO: assert step != 0, throw exception if not
+    // assert step != 0, throw exception if not
+    let not_zero = ctx.builder.build_int_compare(
+        IntPredicate::NE,
+        step,
+        step.get_type().const_zero(),
+        "range_step_ne",
+    );
+    ctx.make_assert(
+        generator,
+        not_zero,
+        "0:ValueError",
+        "step must not be zero",
+        [None, None, None],
+        ctx.current_loc,
+    );
     ctx.builder
         .build_call(len_func, &[start.into(), end.into(), step.into()], "calc_len")
         .try_as_basic_value()
@@ -129,7 +159,6 @@ pub fn handle_slice_indices<'a, 'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
     generator: &mut G,
     list: PointerValue<'ctx>,
 ) -> Result<(IntValue<'ctx>, IntValue<'ctx>, IntValue<'ctx>), String> {
-    // TODO: throw exception when step is 0
     let int32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
     let zero = int32.const_zero();
     let one = int32.const_int(1, false);
@@ -154,8 +183,23 @@ pub fn handle_slice_indices<'a, 'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
             let step = generator
                 .gen_expr(ctx, step)?
                 .unwrap()
-                .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?
+                .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ctx.primitives.int32)?
                 .into_int_value();
+            // assert step != 0, throw exception if not
+            let not_zero = ctx.builder.build_int_compare(
+                IntPredicate::NE,
+                step,
+                step.get_type().const_zero(),
+                "range_step_ne",
+            );
+            ctx.make_assert(
+                generator,
+                not_zero,
+                "0:ValueError",
+                "slice step cannot be zero",
+                [None, None, None],
+                ctx.current_loc,
+            );
             let len_id = ctx.builder.build_int_sub(length, one, "lenmin1");
             let neg = ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::SLT, step, zero, "step_is_neg");
             (
@@ -217,7 +261,7 @@ pub fn handle_slice_index_bound<'a, 'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
         ctx.module.add_function(SYMBOL, fn_t, None)
     });
 
-    let i = generator.gen_expr(ctx, i)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+    let i = generator.gen_expr(ctx, i)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, i.custom.unwrap())?;
     Ok(ctx
         .builder
         .build_call(func, &[i.into(), length.into()], "bounded_ind")
@@ -231,14 +275,15 @@ pub fn handle_slice_index_bound<'a, 'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
 /// Order of tuples assign_idx and value_idx is ('start', 'end', 'step').
 /// Negative index should be handled before entering this function
 pub fn list_slice_assignment<'ctx, 'a>(
+    generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
-    size_ty: IntType<'ctx>,
     ty: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
     dest_arr: PointerValue<'ctx>,
     dest_idx: (IntValue<'ctx>, IntValue<'ctx>, IntValue<'ctx>),
     src_arr: PointerValue<'ctx>,
     src_idx: (IntValue<'ctx>, IntValue<'ctx>, IntValue<'ctx>),
 ) {
+    let size_ty = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
     let int8_ptr = ctx.ctx.i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::Generic);
     let int32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
     let (fun_symbol, elem_ptr_type) = ("__nac3_list_slice_assign_var_size", int8_ptr);
@@ -282,8 +327,67 @@ pub fn list_slice_assignment<'ctx, 'a>(
     let src_len = ctx.builder.build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(src_len, int32, "srclen32");
 
     // index in bound and positive should be done
-    // TODO: assert if dest.step == 1 then len(src) <= len(dest) else len(src) == len(dest), and
+    // assert if dest.step == 1 then len(src) <= len(dest) else len(src) == len(dest), and
     // throw exception if not satisfied
+    let src_end = ctx.builder
+        .build_select(
+            ctx.builder.build_int_compare(
+                inkwell::IntPredicate::SLT,
+                src_idx.2,
+                zero,
+                "is_neg",
+            ),
+            ctx.builder.build_int_sub(src_idx.1, one, "e_min_one"),
+            ctx.builder.build_int_add(src_idx.1, one, "e_add_one"),
+            "final_e",
+        )
+        .into_int_value();
+    let dest_end = ctx.builder
+        .build_select(
+            ctx.builder.build_int_compare(
+                inkwell::IntPredicate::SLT,
+                dest_idx.2,
+                zero,
+                "is_neg",
+            ),
+            ctx.builder.build_int_sub(dest_idx.1, one, "e_min_one"),
+            ctx.builder.build_int_add(dest_idx.1, one, "e_add_one"),
+            "final_e",
+        )
+        .into_int_value();
+    let src_slice_len =
+        calculate_len_for_slice_range(generator, ctx, src_idx.0, src_end, src_idx.2);
+    let dest_slice_len =
+        calculate_len_for_slice_range(generator, ctx, dest_idx.0, dest_end, dest_idx.2);
+    let src_eq_dest = ctx.builder.build_int_compare(
+        IntPredicate::EQ,
+        src_slice_len,
+        dest_slice_len,
+        "slice_src_eq_dest",
+    );
+    let src_slt_dest = ctx.builder.build_int_compare(
+        IntPredicate::SLT,
+        src_slice_len,
+        dest_slice_len,
+        "slice_src_slt_dest",
+    );
+    let dest_step_eq_one = ctx.builder.build_int_compare(
+        IntPredicate::EQ,
+        dest_idx.2,
+        dest_idx.2.get_type().const_int(1, false),
+        "slice_dest_step_eq_one",
+    );
+    let cond_1 = ctx.builder.build_and(dest_step_eq_one, src_slt_dest, "slice_cond_1");
+    let cond = ctx.builder.build_or(src_eq_dest, cond_1, "slice_cond");
+    ctx.make_assert(
+        generator,
+        cond,
+        "0:ValueError",
+        "attempt to assign sequence of size {0} to slice of size {1} with step size {2}",
+        [Some(src_slice_len), Some(dest_slice_len), Some(dest_idx.2)],
+        ctx.current_loc,
+    );
+
     let new_len = {
         let args = vec![
             dest_idx.0.into(),   // dest start idx

nac3core/src/codegen/mod.rs

@@ -17,10 +17,13 @@ use inkwell::{
     module::Module,
     passes::{PassManager, PassManagerBuilder},
     types::{AnyType, BasicType, BasicTypeEnum},
-    values::{BasicValueEnum, FunctionValue, PhiValue, PointerValue}
+    values::{BasicValueEnum, FunctionValue, PhiValue, PointerValue},
+    debug_info::{
+        DebugInfoBuilder, DICompileUnit, DISubprogram, AsDIScope, DIFlagsConstants, DILexicalBlock
+    },
 };
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use nac3parser::ast::{Stmt, StrRef};
+use nac3parser::ast::{Stmt, StrRef, Location};
 use parking_lot::{Condvar, Mutex};
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::sync::{
@@ -52,6 +55,7 @@ pub type VarValue<'ctx> = (PointerValue<'ctx>, Option<Arc<dyn StaticValue + Send
 pub struct CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a> {
     pub ctx: &'ctx Context,
     pub builder: Builder<'ctx>,
+    pub debug_info: (DebugInfoBuilder<'ctx>, DICompileUnit<'ctx>, DILexicalBlock<'ctx>),
     pub module: Module<'ctx>,
     pub top_level: &'a TopLevelContext,
     pub unifier: Unifier,
@@ -77,6 +81,7 @@ pub struct CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a> {
     pub outer_catch_clauses:
         Option<(Vec<Option<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>>>, BasicBlock<'ctx>, PhiValue<'ctx>)>,
     pub need_sret: bool,
+    pub current_loc: Location,
 }
 
 impl<'ctx, 'a> CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a> {
@@ -202,6 +207,17 @@ impl WorkerRegistry {
         let mut builder = context.create_builder();
         let module = context.create_module(generator.get_name());
 
+        module.add_basic_value_flag(
+            "Debug Info Version",
+            inkwell::module::FlagBehavior::Warning,
+            context.i32_type().const_int(3, false),
+        );
+        module.add_basic_value_flag(
+            "Dwarf Version",
+            inkwell::module::FlagBehavior::Warning,
+            context.i32_type().const_int(4, false),
+        );
+
         let pass_builder = PassManagerBuilder::create();
         pass_builder.set_optimization_level(OptimizationLevel::Default);
         let passes = PassManager::create(&module);
@@ -360,13 +376,14 @@ fn need_sret<'ctx>(ctx: &'ctx Context, ty: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>) -> bool {
     need_sret_impl(ctx, ty, true)
 }
 
-pub fn gen_func<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
+pub fn gen_func_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator, F: FnOnce(&mut G, &mut CodeGenContext) -> Result<(), String>> (
     context: &'ctx Context,
     generator: &mut G,
     registry: &WorkerRegistry,
     builder: Builder<'ctx>,
     module: Module<'ctx>,
     task: CodeGenTask,
+    codegen_function: F
 ) -> Result<(Builder<'ctx>, Module<'ctx>, FunctionValue<'ctx>), (Builder<'ctx>, String)> {
     let top_level_ctx = registry.top_level_ctx.clone();
     let static_value_store = registry.static_value_store.clone();
@@ -549,6 +566,61 @@ pub fn gen_func<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
     builder.build_unconditional_branch(body_bb);
     builder.position_at_end(body_bb);
 
+    let (dibuilder, compile_unit) = module.create_debug_info_builder(
+        /* allow_unresolved */ true,
+        /* language */ inkwell::debug_info::DWARFSourceLanguage::Python,
+        /* filename */
+        &task
+            .body
+            .get(0)
+            .map_or_else(|| "_nac3_internal".to_string(), |f| f.location.file.0.to_string()),
+        /* directory */ ".",
+        /* producer */ "NAC3",
+        /* is_optimized */ false,
+        /* compiler command line flags */ "",
+        /* runtime_ver */ 0,
+        /* split_name */ "",
+        /* kind */ inkwell::debug_info::DWARFEmissionKind::LineTablesOnly,
+        /* dwo_id */ 0,
+        /* split_debug_inling */ false,
+        /* debug_info_for_profiling */ false,
+        /* sysroot */ "",
+        /* sdk */ "",
+    );
+    let subroutine_type = dibuilder.create_subroutine_type(
+        compile_unit.get_file(),
+        Some(
+            dibuilder
+                .create_basic_type("_", 0_u64, 0x00, inkwell::debug_info::DIFlags::PUBLIC)
+                .unwrap()
+                .as_type(),
+        ),
+        &[],
+        inkwell::debug_info::DIFlags::PUBLIC,
+    );
+    let func_scope: DISubprogram<'_> = dibuilder.create_function(
+        /* scope */ compile_unit.as_debug_info_scope(),
+        /* func name */ symbol,
+        /* linkage_name */ None,
+        /* file */ compile_unit.get_file(),
+        /* line_no */ 0,
+        /* DIType */ subroutine_type,
+        /* is_local_to_unit */ true,
+        /* is_definition */ true,
+        /* scope_line */ 0,
+        /* flags */ inkwell::debug_info::DIFlags::PUBLIC,
+        /* is_optimized */ false,
+    );
+    fn_val.set_subprogram(func_scope);
+    let (row, col) =
+        task.body.get(0).map_or_else(|| (0, 0), |b| (b.location.row, b.location.column));
+    let lexical_block = dibuilder.create_lexical_block(
+        /* scope */ func_scope.as_debug_info_scope(),
+        /* file */ compile_unit.get_file(),
+        /* line_no */ row as u32,
+        /* column_no */ col as u32,
+    );
+
     let mut code_gen_context = CodeGenContext {
         ctx: context,
         resolver: task.resolver,
@@ -569,28 +641,51 @@ pub fn gen_func<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
         module,
         unifier,
         static_value_store,
-        need_sret: has_sret
+        need_sret: has_sret,
+        current_loc: Default::default(),
+        debug_info: (dibuilder, compile_unit, lexical_block),
     };
 
-    let mut err = None;
+    let loc = code_gen_context.debug_info.0.create_debug_location(
-    for stmt in task.body.iter() {
+        context,
-        if let Err(e) = generator.gen_stmt(&mut code_gen_context, stmt) {
+        row as u32,
-            err = Some(e);
+        col as u32,
-            break;
+        lexical_block.as_debug_info_scope(),
-        }
+        None
-        if code_gen_context.is_terminated() {
+    );
-            break;
+    code_gen_context.builder.set_current_debug_location(context, loc);
-        }
+    
-    }
+    let result = codegen_function(generator, &mut code_gen_context);
+
     // after static analysis, only void functions can have no return at the end.
     if !code_gen_context.is_terminated() {
         code_gen_context.builder.build_return(None);
     }
 
+    code_gen_context.builder.unset_current_debug_location();
+    code_gen_context.debug_info.0.finalize();
+
     let CodeGenContext { builder, module, .. } = code_gen_context;
-    if let Some(e) = err {
+    if let Err(e) = result {
         return Err((builder, e));
     }
 
     Ok((builder, module, fn_val))
 }
+
+pub fn gen_func<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
+    context: &'ctx Context,
+    generator: &mut G,
+    registry: &WorkerRegistry,
+    builder: Builder<'ctx>,
+    module: Module<'ctx>,
+    task: CodeGenTask,
+) -> Result<(Builder<'ctx>, Module<'ctx>, FunctionValue<'ctx>), (Builder<'ctx>, String)> {
+    let body = task.body.clone();
+    gen_func_impl(context, generator, registry, builder, module, task, |generator, ctx| {
+        for stmt in body.iter() {
+            generator.gen_stmt(ctx, stmt)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    })
+}

nac3core/src/codegen/stmt.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use inkwell::{
     attributes::{Attribute, AttributeLoc},
+    debug_info::AsDIScope,
     basic_block::BasicBlock,
     types::BasicTypeEnum,
     values::{BasicValue, BasicValueEnum, FunctionValue, PointerValue},
@@ -25,12 +26,16 @@ pub fn gen_var<'ctx, 'a>(
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
     ty: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
 ) -> Result<PointerValue<'ctx>, String> {
+    let loc = ctx.builder.get_current_debug_location();
     // put the alloca in init block
     let current = ctx.builder.get_insert_block().unwrap();
     // position before the last branching instruction...
     ctx.builder.position_before(&ctx.init_bb.get_last_instruction().unwrap());
     let ptr = ctx.builder.build_alloca(ty, "tmp");
     ctx.builder.position_at_end(current);
+    if let Some(l) = loc {
+        ctx.builder.set_current_debug_location(ctx.ctx, l);
+    }
     Ok(ptr)
 }
 
@@ -54,7 +59,11 @@ pub fn gen_store_target<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
         }
         ExprKind::Attribute { value, attr, .. } => {
             let index = ctx.get_attr_index(value.custom.unwrap(), *attr);
-            let val = generator.gen_expr(ctx, value)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+            let val = generator.gen_expr(ctx, value)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(
+                ctx,
+                generator,
+                value.custom.unwrap(),
+            )?;
             let ptr = if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(v) = val {
                 v
             } else {
@@ -72,17 +81,58 @@ pub fn gen_store_target<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
             }
         }
         ExprKind::Subscript { value, slice, .. } => {
+            assert!(matches!(
+                ctx.unifier.get_ty_immutable(value.custom.unwrap()).as_ref(),
+                TypeEnum::TList { .. },
+            ));
             let i32_type = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
+            let zero = i32_type.const_zero();
             let v = generator
                 .gen_expr(ctx, value)?
                 .unwrap()
-                .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?
+                .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, value.custom.unwrap())?
                 .into_pointer_value();
-            let index = generator
+            let len = ctx
+                .build_gep_and_load(v, &[zero, i32_type.const_int(1, false)])
+                .into_int_value();
+            let raw_index = generator
                 .gen_expr(ctx, slice)?
                 .unwrap()
-                .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?
+                .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, slice.custom.unwrap())?
                 .into_int_value();
+            let raw_index = ctx.builder.build_int_s_extend(
+                raw_index,
+                generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx),
+                "sext",
+            );
+            // handle negative index
+            let is_negative = ctx.builder.build_int_compare(
+                inkwell::IntPredicate::SLT,
+                raw_index,
+                generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx).const_zero(),
+                "is_neg",
+            );
+            let adjusted = ctx.builder.build_int_add(raw_index, len, "adjusted");
+            let index = ctx
+                .builder
+                .build_select(is_negative, adjusted, raw_index, "index")
+                .into_int_value();
+            // unsigned less than is enough, because negative index after adjustment is
+            // bigger than the length (for unsigned cmp)
+            let bound_check = ctx.builder.build_int_compare(
+                inkwell::IntPredicate::ULT,
+                index,
+                len,
+                "inbound",
+            );
+            ctx.make_assert(
+                generator,
+                bound_check,
+                "0:IndexError",
+                "index {0} out of bounds 0:{1}",
+                [Some(raw_index), Some(len), None],
+                slice.location,
+            );
             unsafe {
                 let arr_ptr = ctx
                     .build_gep_and_load(v, &[i32_type.const_zero(), i32_type.const_zero()])
@@ -102,7 +152,9 @@ pub fn gen_assign<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
 ) -> Result<(), String> {
     match &target.node {
         ExprKind::Tuple { elts, .. } => {
-            if let BasicValueEnum::StructValue(v) = value.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)? {
+            if let BasicValueEnum::StructValue(v) =
+                value.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, target.custom.unwrap())?
+            {
                 for (i, elt) in elts.iter().enumerate() {
                     let v = ctx
                         .builder
@@ -121,11 +173,13 @@ pub fn gen_assign<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                 let ls = generator
                     .gen_expr(ctx, ls)?
                     .unwrap()
-                    .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?
+                    .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ls.custom.unwrap())?
                     .into_pointer_value();
                 let (start, end, step) =
                     handle_slice_indices(lower, upper, step, ctx, generator, ls)?;
-                let value = value.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?.into_pointer_value();
+                let value = value
+                    .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, target.custom.unwrap())?
+                    .into_pointer_value();
                 let ty =
                     if let TypeEnum::TList { ty } = &*ctx.unifier.get_ty(target.custom.unwrap()) {
                         ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, *ty)
@@ -133,15 +187,7 @@ pub fn gen_assign<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                         unreachable!()
                     };
                 let src_ind = handle_slice_indices(&None, &None, &None, ctx, generator, value)?;
-                list_slice_assignment(
+                list_slice_assignment(generator, ctx, ty, ls, (start, end, step), value, src_ind)
-                    ctx,
-                    generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx),
-                    ty,
-                    ls,
-                    (start, end, step),
-                    value,
-                    src_ind,
-                )
             } else {
                 unreachable!()
             }
@@ -155,7 +201,7 @@ pub fn gen_assign<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                     *static_value = Some(s.clone());
                 }
             }
-            let val = value.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+            let val = value.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, target.custom.unwrap())?;
             ctx.builder.build_store(ptr, val);
         }
     };
@@ -185,11 +231,16 @@ pub fn gen_for<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
         // store loop bb information and restore it later
         let loop_bb = ctx.loop_target.replace((test_bb, cont_bb));
 
-        let iter_val = generator.gen_expr(ctx, iter)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+        let iter_val = generator.gen_expr(ctx, iter)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(
+            ctx,
+            generator,
+            iter.custom.unwrap(),
+        )?;
         if ctx.unifier.unioned(iter.custom.unwrap(), ctx.primitives.range) {
             // setup
             let iter_val = iter_val.into_pointer_value();
-            let i = generator.gen_store_target(ctx, target)?;
+            let i = generator.gen_var_alloc(ctx, int32.into())?;
+            let user_i = generator.gen_store_target(ctx, target)?;
             let (start, end, step) = destructure_range(ctx, iter_val);
             ctx.builder.build_store(i, ctx.builder.build_int_sub(start, step, "start_init"));
             ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(test_bb);
@@ -207,6 +258,7 @@ pub fn gen_for<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
                 "start_loop",
             );
             ctx.builder.build_store(i, tmp);
+            ctx.builder.build_store(user_i, tmp);
             // // if step > 0, continue when i < end
             let cmp1 = ctx.builder.build_int_compare(inkwell::IntPredicate::SLT, tmp, end, "cmp1");
             // if step < 0, continue when i > end
@@ -296,7 +348,11 @@ pub fn gen_while<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
         let loop_bb = ctx.loop_target.replace((test_bb, cont_bb));
         ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(test_bb);
         ctx.builder.position_at_end(test_bb);
-        let test = generator.gen_expr(ctx, test)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+        let test = generator.gen_expr(ctx, test)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(
+            ctx,
+            generator,
+            test.custom.unwrap(),
+        )?;
         if let BasicValueEnum::IntValue(test) = test {
             ctx.builder.build_conditional_branch(test, body_bb, orelse_bb);
         } else {
@@ -357,7 +413,11 @@ pub fn gen_if<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
         };
         ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(test_bb);
         ctx.builder.position_at_end(test_bb);
-        let test = generator.gen_expr(ctx, test)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+        let test = generator.gen_expr(ctx, test)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(
+            ctx,
+            generator,
+            test.custom.unwrap(),
+        )?;
         if let BasicValueEnum::IntValue(test) = test {
             ctx.builder.build_conditional_branch(test, body_bb, orelse_bb);
         } else {
@@ -420,8 +480,8 @@ pub fn final_proxy<'ctx, 'a>(
     final_paths.push(block);
 }
 
-pub fn get_builtins<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
+pub fn get_builtins<'ctx, 'a>(
-    generator: &mut G,
+    generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
     symbol: &str,
 ) -> FunctionValue<'ctx> {
@@ -454,7 +514,7 @@ pub fn exn_constructor<'ctx, 'a>(
     generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
 ) -> Result<Option<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>>, String> {
     let (zelf_ty, zelf) = obj.unwrap();
-    let zelf = zelf.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?.into_pointer_value();
+    let zelf = zelf.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, zelf_ty)?.into_pointer_value();
     let int32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
     let zero = int32.const_zero();
     let zelf_id = {
@@ -477,14 +537,14 @@ pub fn exn_constructor<'ctx, 'a>(
         let ptr =
             ctx.builder.build_in_bounds_gep(zelf, &[zero, int32.const_int(5, false)], "exn.msg");
         let msg = if !args.is_empty() {
-            args.remove(0).1.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?
+            args.remove(0).1.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ctx.primitives.str)?
         } else {
             empty_string
         };
         ctx.builder.build_store(ptr, msg);
         for i in [6, 7, 8].iter() {
             let value = if !args.is_empty() {
-                args.remove(0).1.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?
+                args.remove(0).1.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ctx.primitives.int64)?
             } else {
                 ctx.ctx.i64_type().const_zero().into()
             };
@@ -517,8 +577,8 @@ pub fn exn_constructor<'ctx, 'a>(
     Ok(Some(zelf.into()))
 }
 
-pub fn gen_raise<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
+pub fn gen_raise<'ctx, 'a>(
-    generator: &mut G,
+    generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
     exception: Option<&BasicValueEnum<'ctx>>,
     loc: Location,
@@ -906,7 +966,11 @@ pub fn gen_return<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
 ) -> Result<(), String> {
     let value = value
         .as_ref()
-        .map(|v| generator.gen_expr(ctx, v).and_then(|v| v.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)))
+        .map(|v_expr| {
+            generator.gen_expr(ctx, v_expr).and_then(|v| {
+                v.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, v_expr.custom.unwrap())
+            })
+        })
         .transpose()?;
     if let Some(return_target) = ctx.return_target {
         if let Some(value) = value {
@@ -929,6 +993,17 @@ pub fn gen_stmt<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
     stmt: &Stmt<Option<Type>>,
 ) -> Result<(), String> {
+    ctx.current_loc = stmt.location;
+
+    let loc = ctx.debug_info.0.create_debug_location(
+        ctx.ctx,
+        ctx.current_loc.row as u32,
+        ctx.current_loc.column as u32,
+        ctx.debug_info.2.as_debug_info_scope(),
+        None,
+    );
+    ctx.builder.set_current_debug_location(ctx.ctx, loc);
+
     match &stmt.node {
         StmtKind::Pass { .. } => {}
         StmtKind::Expr { value, .. } => {
@@ -966,14 +1041,40 @@ pub fn gen_stmt<'ctx, 'a, G: CodeGenerator>(
         StmtKind::Try { .. } => gen_try(generator, ctx, stmt)?,
         StmtKind::Raise { exc, .. } => {
             if let Some(exc) = exc {
-                let exc =
+                let exc = generator.gen_expr(ctx, exc)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(
-                    generator.gen_expr(ctx, exc)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    ctx,
+                    generator,
+                    exc.custom.unwrap(),
+                )?;
                 gen_raise(generator, ctx, Some(&exc), stmt.location);
             } else {
                 gen_raise(generator, ctx, None, stmt.location);
             }
         }
-        _ => unimplemented!(),
+        StmtKind::Assert { test, msg, .. } => {
+            let test = generator.gen_expr(ctx, test)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(
+                ctx,
+                generator,
+                test.custom.unwrap(),
+            )?;
+            let err_msg = match msg {
+                Some(msg) => generator.gen_expr(ctx, msg)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(
+                    ctx,
+                    generator,
+                    msg.custom.unwrap(),
+                )?,
+                None => ctx.gen_string(generator, ""),
+            };
+            ctx.make_assert_impl(
+                generator,
+                test.into_int_value(),
+                "0:AssertionError",
+                err_msg,
+                [None, None, None],
+                stmt.location,
+            )
+        }
+        _ => unimplemented!()
     };
     Ok(())
 }

nac3core/src/codegen/test.rs

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ impl SymbolResolver for Resolver {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 
-    fn get_exception_id(&self, tyid: usize) -> usize {
+    fn get_exception_id(&self, _tyid: usize) -> usize {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 }
@@ -180,13 +180,22 @@ fn test_primitives() {
         let expected = indoc! {"
             ; ModuleID = 'test'
             source_filename = \"test\"
-
+            
             define i32 @testing(i32 %0, i32 %1) {
             init:
               %add = add i32 %0, %1
               %cmp = icmp eq i32 %add, 1
-              %ifexpr = select i1 %cmp, i32 %0, i32 0
+              br i1 %cmp, label %then, label %else
-              ret i32 %ifexpr
+            
+            then:                                             ; preds = %init
+              br label %cont
+            
+            else:                                             ; preds = %init
+              br label %cont
+            
+            cont:                                             ; preds = %else, %then
+              %if_exp_result.0 = phi i32 [ %0, %then ], [ 0, %else ]
+              ret i32 %if_exp_result.0
             }
        "}
         .trim();

nac3core/src/symbol_resolver.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use crate::{
         typedef::{Type, Unifier},
     },
 };
-use inkwell::values::{BasicValueEnum, FloatValue, IntValue, PointerValue};
+use inkwell::values::{BasicValueEnum, FloatValue, IntValue, PointerValue, StructValue};
 use itertools::{chain, izip};
 use nac3parser::ast::{Expr, Location, StrRef};
 use parking_lot::RwLock;
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ pub enum SymbolValue {
     Double(f64),
     Bool(bool),
     Tuple(Vec<SymbolValue>),
+    OptionSome(Box<SymbolValue>),
+    OptionNone,
 }
 
 impl Display for SymbolValue {
@@ -50,6 +52,8 @@ impl Display for SymbolValue {
             SymbolValue::Tuple(t) => {
                 write!(f, "({})", t.iter().map(|v| format!("{}", v)).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(", "))
             }
+            SymbolValue::OptionSome(v) => write!(f, "Some({})", v),
+            SymbolValue::OptionNone => write!(f, "none"),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -67,6 +71,7 @@ pub trait StaticValue {
         &self,
         ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
         generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
+        expected_ty: Type,
     ) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String>;
 
     fn get_field<'ctx, 'a>(
@@ -74,6 +79,8 @@ pub trait StaticValue {
         name: StrRef,
         ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
     ) -> Option<ValueEnum<'ctx>>;
+
+    fn get_tuple_element<'ctx>(&self, index: u32) -> Option<ValueEnum<'ctx>>;
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -106,14 +113,21 @@ impl<'ctx> From<FloatValue<'ctx>> for ValueEnum<'ctx> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<'ctx> From<StructValue<'ctx>> for ValueEnum<'ctx> {
+    fn from(v: StructValue<'ctx>) -> Self {
+        ValueEnum::Dynamic(v.into())
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'ctx> ValueEnum<'ctx> {
     pub fn to_basic_value_enum<'a>(
         self,
         ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
         generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
+        expected_ty: Type,
     ) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
         match self {
-            ValueEnum::Static(v) => v.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator),
+            ValueEnum::Static(v) => v.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, expected_ty),
             ValueEnum::Dynamic(v) => Ok(v),
         }
     }
@@ -353,7 +367,7 @@ impl dyn SymbolResolver + Send + Sync {
                     unreachable!("expected class definition")
                 }
             },
-            &mut |id| format!("var{}", id),
+            &mut |id| format!("typevar{}", id),
             &mut None,
         )
     }

nac3core/src/toplevel/builtins.rs

@@ -105,7 +105,8 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
         ("__param2__".into(), int64, true),
     ];
 
-    // for Option, is_some and is_none share the same type
+    // for Option, is_some and is_none share the same type: () -> bool,
+    // and they are methods under the same class `Option`
     let (is_some_ty, unwrap_ty, (option_ty_var, option_ty_var_id)) =
         if let TypeEnum::TObj { fields, params, .. } =
             primitives.1.get_ty(primitives.0.option).as_ref()
@@ -223,7 +224,12 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
             resolver: None,
             codegen_callback: Some(Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(
                 |ctx, obj, _, _, generator| {
-                    let obj_val = obj.unwrap().1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let expect_ty = obj.clone().unwrap().0;
+                    let obj_val = obj.unwrap().1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(
+                        ctx,
+                        generator,
+                        expect_ty,
+                    )?;
                     if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(ptr) = obj_val {
                         Ok(Some(ctx.builder.build_is_not_null(ptr, "is_some").into()))
                     } else {
@@ -243,7 +249,12 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
             resolver: None,
             codegen_callback: Some(Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(
                 |ctx, obj, _, _, generator| {
-                    let obj_val = obj.unwrap().1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let expect_ty = obj.clone().unwrap().0;
+                    let obj_val = obj.unwrap().1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(
+                        ctx,
+                        generator,
+                        expect_ty,
+                    )?;
                     if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(ptr) = obj_val {
                         Ok(Some(ctx.builder.build_is_null(ptr, "is_none").into()))
                     } else {
@@ -262,7 +273,7 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
             instance_to_stmt: Default::default(),
             resolver: None,
             codegen_callback: Some(Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(
-                |ctx, obj, _, _, generator| {
+                |_, _, _, _, _| {
                     unreachable!("handled in gen_expr")
                 },
             )))),
@@ -289,7 +300,7 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
                     let float = ctx.primitives.float;
                     let boolean = ctx.primitives.bool;
                     let arg_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
-                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, arg_ty)?;
                     Ok(if ctx.unifier.unioned(arg_ty, boolean) {
                         Some(
                             ctx.builder
@@ -354,7 +365,7 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
                     let float = ctx.primitives.float;
                     let boolean = ctx.primitives.bool;
                     let arg_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
-                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, arg_ty)?;
                     Ok(
                         if ctx.unifier.unioned(arg_ty, boolean)
                             || ctx.unifier.unioned(arg_ty, uint32)
@@ -421,7 +432,7 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
                     let float = ctx.primitives.float;
                     let boolean = ctx.primitives.bool;
                     let arg_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
-                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, arg_ty)?;
                     let res = if ctx.unifier.unioned(arg_ty, boolean) {
                         ctx.builder
                             .build_int_z_extend(arg.into_int_value(), ctx.ctx.i64_type(), "zext")
@@ -473,7 +484,7 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
                     let float = ctx.primitives.float;
                     let boolean = ctx.primitives.bool;
                     let arg_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
-                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, arg_ty)?;
                     let res = if ctx.unifier.unioned(arg_ty, int32)
                         || ctx.unifier.unioned(arg_ty, uint32)
                         || ctx.unifier.unioned(arg_ty, boolean)
@@ -520,7 +531,7 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
                     let boolean = ctx.primitives.bool;
                     let float = ctx.primitives.float;
                     let arg_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
-                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, arg_ty)?;
                     Ok(
                         if ctx.unifier.unioned(arg_ty, boolean)
                             || ctx.unifier.unioned(arg_ty, int32)
@@ -556,7 +567,7 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
             resolver: None,
             codegen_callback: Some(Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(
                 |ctx, _, _, args, generator| {
-                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ctx.primitives.float)?;
                     let round_intrinsic =
                         ctx.module.get_function("llvm.round.f64").unwrap_or_else(|| {
                             let float = ctx.ctx.f64_type();
@@ -596,7 +607,7 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
             resolver: None,
             codegen_callback: Some(Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(
                 |ctx, _, _, args, generator| {
-                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ctx.primitives.float)?;
                     let round_intrinsic =
                         ctx.module.get_function("llvm.round.f64").unwrap_or_else(|| {
                             let float = ctx.ctx.f64_type();
@@ -654,23 +665,44 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
                     let mut step = None;
                     let int32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
                     let zero = int32.const_zero();
+                    let ty_i32 = ctx.primitives.int32;
                     for (i, arg) in args.iter().enumerate() {
                         if arg.0 == Some("start".into()) {
-                            start = Some(arg.1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?);
+                            start = Some(arg.1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ty_i32)?);
                         } else if arg.0 == Some("stop".into()) {
-                            stop = Some(arg.1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?);
+                            stop = Some(arg.1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ty_i32)?);
                         } else if arg.0 == Some("step".into()) {
-                            step = Some(arg.1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?);
+                            step = Some(arg.1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ty_i32)?);
                         } else if i == 0 {
-                            start = Some(arg.1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?);
+                            start = Some(arg.1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ty_i32)?);
                         } else if i == 1 {
-                            stop = Some(arg.1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?);
+                            stop = Some(arg.1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ty_i32)?);
                         } else if i == 2 {
-                            step = Some(arg.1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?);
+                            step = Some(arg.1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ty_i32)?);
                         }
                     }
-                    // TODO: error when step == 0
+                    let step = match step {
-                    let step = step.unwrap_or_else(|| int32.const_int(1, false).into());
+                        Some(step) => {
+                            let step = step.into_int_value();
+                            // assert step != 0, throw exception if not
+                            let not_zero = ctx.builder.build_int_compare(
+                                IntPredicate::NE,
+                                step,
+                                step.get_type().const_zero(),
+                                "range_step_ne",
+                            );
+                            ctx.make_assert(
+                                generator,
+                                not_zero,
+                                "0:ValueError",
+                                "range() step must not be zero",
+                                [None, None, None],
+                                ctx.current_loc,
+                            );
+                            step
+                        }
+                        None => int32.const_int(1, false),
+                    };
                     let stop = stop.unwrap_or_else(|| {
                         let v = start.unwrap();
                         start = None;
@@ -713,8 +745,9 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
             instance_to_stmt: Default::default(),
             resolver: None,
             codegen_callback: Some(Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(
-                |ctx, _, _, args, generator| {
+                |ctx, _, fun, args, generator| {
-                    Ok(Some(args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?))
+                    let arg_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
+                    Ok(Some(args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, arg_ty)?))
                 },
             )))),
             loc: None,
@@ -738,7 +771,7 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
                     let float = ctx.primitives.float;
                     let boolean = ctx.primitives.bool;
                     let arg_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
-                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, arg_ty)?;
                     Ok(if ctx.unifier.unioned(arg_ty, boolean) {
                         Some(arg)
                     } else if ctx.unifier.unioned(arg_ty, int32) {
@@ -796,7 +829,7 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
             resolver: None,
             codegen_callback: Some(Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(
                 |ctx, _, _, args, generator| {
-                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ctx.primitives.float)?;
                     let floor_intrinsic =
                         ctx.module.get_function("llvm.floor.f64").unwrap_or_else(|| {
                             let float = ctx.ctx.f64_type();
@@ -836,7 +869,7 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
             resolver: None,
             codegen_callback: Some(Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(
                 |ctx, _, _, args, generator| {
-                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ctx.primitives.float)?;
                     let floor_intrinsic =
                         ctx.module.get_function("llvm.floor.f64").unwrap_or_else(|| {
                             let float = ctx.ctx.f64_type();
@@ -876,7 +909,7 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
             resolver: None,
             codegen_callback: Some(Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(
                 |ctx, _, _, args, generator| {
-                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ctx.primitives.float)?;
                     let ceil_intrinsic =
                         ctx.module.get_function("llvm.ceil.f64").unwrap_or_else(|| {
                             let float = ctx.ctx.f64_type();
@@ -916,7 +949,7 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
             resolver: None,
             codegen_callback: Some(Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(
                 |ctx, _, _, args, generator| {
-                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ctx.primitives.float)?;
                     let ceil_intrinsic =
                         ctx.module.get_function("llvm.ceil.f64").unwrap_or_else(|| {
                             let float = ctx.ctx.f64_type();
@@ -968,11 +1001,11 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
                     |ctx, _, fun, args, generator| {
                         let range_ty = ctx.primitives.range;
                         let arg_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
-                        let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                        let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, arg_ty)?;
                         Ok(if ctx.unifier.unioned(arg_ty, range_ty) {
                             let arg = arg.into_pointer_value();
                             let (start, end, step) = destructure_range(ctx, arg);
-                            Some(calculate_len_for_slice_range(ctx, start, end, step).into())
+                            Some(calculate_len_for_slice_range(generator, ctx, start, end, step).into())
                         } else {
                             let int32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
                             let zero = int32.const_zero();
@@ -1022,8 +1055,8 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
                     let llvm_f64 = ctx.ctx.f64_type().as_basic_type_enum();
                     let m_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
                     let n_ty = fun.0.args[1].ty;
-                    let m_val = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let m_val = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, m_ty)?;
-                    let n_val = args[1].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let n_val = args[1].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, n_ty)?;
                     let mut is_type = |a: Type, b: Type| ctx.unifier.unioned(a, b);
                     let (fun_name, arg_ty) = if is_type(m_ty, n_ty) && is_type(n_ty, boolean) {
                         ("llvm.umin.i1", llvm_i1)
@@ -1084,8 +1117,8 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
                     let llvm_f64 = ctx.ctx.f64_type().as_basic_type_enum();
                     let m_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
                     let n_ty = fun.0.args[1].ty;
-                    let m_val = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let m_val = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, m_ty)?;
-                    let n_val = args[1].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let n_val = args[1].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, n_ty)?;
                     let mut is_type = |a: Type, b: Type| ctx.unifier.unioned(a, b);
                     let (fun_name, arg_ty) = if is_type(m_ty, n_ty) && is_type(n_ty, boolean) {
                         ("llvm.umax.i1", llvm_i1)
@@ -1142,7 +1175,7 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
                     let llvm_i64 = ctx.ctx.i64_type().as_basic_type_enum();
                     let llvm_f64 = ctx.ctx.f64_type().as_basic_type_enum();
                     let n_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
-                    let n_val = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let n_val = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, n_ty)?;
                     let mut is_type = |a: Type, b: Type| ctx.unifier.unioned(a, b);
                     let mut is_float = false;
                     let (fun_name, arg_ty) =
@@ -1199,8 +1232,9 @@ pub fn get_builtins(primitives: &mut (PrimitiveStore, Unifier)) -> BuiltinInfo {
             instance_to_stmt: Default::default(),
             resolver: None,
             codegen_callback: Some(Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(
-                |ctx, _, _fun, args, generator| {
+                |ctx, _, fun, args, generator| {
-                    let arg_val = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator)?;
+                    let arg_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
+                    let arg_val = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, arg_ty)?;
                     let alloca = ctx.builder.build_alloca(arg_val.get_type(), "alloca_some");
                     ctx.builder.build_store(alloca, arg_val);
                     Ok(Some(alloca.into()))

nac3core/src/toplevel/composer.rs

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                 assert!(name == *simple_name);
                 builtin_ty.insert(name, *signature);
                 builtin_id.insert(name, DefinitionId(id));
-            } else if let TopLevelDef::Class { name, constructor, object_id, type_vars, .. } = &*def
+            } else if let TopLevelDef::Class { name, constructor, object_id, .. } = &*def
             {
                 assert!(id == object_id.0);
                 if let Some(constructor) = constructor {
@@ -434,11 +434,11 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
 
                         // check if all are unique type vars
                         let all_unique_type_var = {
-                            let mut occured_type_var_id: HashSet<u32> = HashSet::new();
+                            let mut occurred_type_var_id: HashSet<u32> = HashSet::new();
                             type_vars.iter().all(|x| {
                                 let ty = unifier.get_ty(*x);
                                 if let TypeEnum::TVar { id, .. } = ty.as_ref() {
-                                    occured_type_var_id.insert(*id)
+                                    occurred_type_var_id.insert(*id)
                                 } else {
                                     false
                                 }
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                     }
                     has_base = true;
 
-                    // the function parse_ast_to make sure that no type var occured in
+                    // the function parse_ast_to make sure that no type var occurred in
                     // bast_ty if it is a CustomClassKind
                     let base_ty = parse_ast_to_type_annotation_kinds(
                         class_resolver,
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
             return Err(errors.into_iter().sorted().join("\n----------\n"));
         }
 
-        // handle the inheritanced methods and fields
+        // handle the inherited methods and fields
         // Note: we cannot defer error handling til the end of the loop, because there is loop
         // carried dependency, ignoring the error (temporarily) will cause all assumptions to break
         // and produce weird error messages
@@ -825,9 +825,9 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                     let mut function_var_map: HashMap<u32, Type> = HashMap::new();
                     let arg_types = {
                         // make sure no duplicate parameter
-                        let mut defined_paramter_name: HashSet<_> = HashSet::new();
+                        let mut defined_parameter_name: HashSet<_> = HashSet::new();
                         for x in args.args.iter() {
-                            if !defined_paramter_name.insert(x.node.arg)
+                            if !defined_parameter_name.insert(x.node.arg)
                                 || keyword_list.contains(&x.node.arg)
                             {
                                 return Err(format!(
@@ -1074,10 +1074,10 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
 
                     let arg_types: Vec<FuncArg> = {
                         // check method parameters cannot have same name
-                        let mut defined_paramter_name: HashSet<_> = HashSet::new();
+                        let mut defined_parameter_name: HashSet<_> = HashSet::new();
                         let zelf: StrRef = "self".into();
                         for x in args.args.iter() {
-                            if !defined_paramter_name.insert(x.node.arg)
+                            if !defined_parameter_name.insert(x.node.arg)
                                 || (keyword_list.contains(&x.node.arg) && x.node.arg != zelf)
                             {
                                 return Err(format!(
@@ -1088,13 +1088,13 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                             }
                         }
 
-                        if name == &"__init__".into() && !defined_paramter_name.contains(&zelf) {
+                        if name == &"__init__".into() && !defined_parameter_name.contains(&zelf) {
                             return Err(format!(
                                 "__init__ method must have a `self` parameter (at {})",
                                 b.location
                             ));
                         }
-                        if !defined_paramter_name.contains(&zelf) {
+                        if !defined_parameter_name.contains(&zelf) {
                             return Err(format!(
                                 "class method must have a `self` parameter (at {})",
                                 b.location
@@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                             dummy_return_type
                         } else {
                             // if do not have return annotation, return none
-                            // for uniform handling, still use type annoatation
+                            // for uniform handling, still use type annotation
                             let dummy_return_type = unifier.get_dummy_var().0;
                             type_var_to_concrete_def.insert(
                                 dummy_return_type,
@@ -1468,7 +1468,7 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// step 5, analyze and call type inferecer to fill the `instance_to_stmt` of topleveldef::function
+    /// step 5, analyze and call type inferencer to fill the `instance_to_stmt` of topleveldef::function
     fn analyze_function_instance(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
         // first get the class contructor type correct for the following type check in function body
         // also do class field instantiation check
@@ -1906,7 +1906,7 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                                         unreachable!("must be class id here")
                                     }
                                 },
-                                &mut |id| format!("tvar{}", id),
+                                &mut |id| format!("typevar{}", id),
                                 &mut None,
                             );
                             return Err(format!(

nac3core/src/toplevel/helper.rs

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
     }
 
     /// already include the definition_id of itself inside the ancestors vector
-    /// when first regitering, the type_vars, fields, methods, ancestors are invalid
+    /// when first registering, the type_vars, fields, methods, ancestors are invalid
     pub fn make_top_level_class_def(
         index: usize,
         resolver: Option<Arc<dyn SymbolResolver + Send + Sync>>,
@@ -416,76 +416,77 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
         primitive: &PrimitiveStore,
         unifier: &mut Unifier,
     ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let res = match val {
+        fn type_default_param(
-            SymbolValue::Bool(..) => {
+            val: &SymbolValue,
-                if matches!(ty, TypeAnnotation::Primitive(t) if *t == primitive.bool) {
+            primitive: &PrimitiveStore,
-                    None
+            unifier: &mut Unifier,
-                } else {
+        ) -> TypeAnnotation {
-                    Some("bool".to_string())
+            match val {
+                SymbolValue::Bool(..) => TypeAnnotation::Primitive(primitive.bool),
+                SymbolValue::Double(..) => TypeAnnotation::Primitive(primitive.float),
+                SymbolValue::I32(..) => TypeAnnotation::Primitive(primitive.int32),
+                SymbolValue::I64(..) => TypeAnnotation::Primitive(primitive.int64),
+                SymbolValue::U32(..) => TypeAnnotation::Primitive(primitive.uint32),
+                SymbolValue::U64(..) => TypeAnnotation::Primitive(primitive.uint64),
+                SymbolValue::Str(..) => TypeAnnotation::Primitive(primitive.str),
+                SymbolValue::Tuple(vs) => {
+                    let vs_tys = vs
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|v| type_default_param(v, primitive, unifier))
+                        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                    TypeAnnotation::Tuple(vs_tys)
                 }
-            }
+                SymbolValue::OptionNone => TypeAnnotation::CustomClass {
-            SymbolValue::Double(..) => {
+                    id: primitive.option.get_obj_id(unifier),
-                if matches!(ty, TypeAnnotation::Primitive(t) if *t == primitive.float) {
+                    params: Default::default(),
-                    None
+                },
-                } else {
+                SymbolValue::OptionSome(v) => {
-                    Some("float".to_string())
+                    let ty = type_default_param(v, primitive, unifier);
-                }
+                    TypeAnnotation::CustomClass {
-            }
+                        id: primitive.option.get_obj_id(unifier),
-            SymbolValue::I32(..) => {
+                        params: vec![ty],
-                if matches!(ty, TypeAnnotation::Primitive(t) if *t == primitive.int32) {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some("int32".to_string())
-                }
-            }
-            SymbolValue::I64(..) => {
-                if matches!(ty, TypeAnnotation::Primitive(t) if *t == primitive.int64) {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some("int64".to_string())
-                }
-            }
-            SymbolValue::U32(..) => {
-                if matches!(ty, TypeAnnotation::Primitive(t) if *t == primitive.uint32) {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some("uint32".to_string())
-                }
-            }
-            SymbolValue::U64(..) => {
-                if matches!(ty, TypeAnnotation::Primitive(t) if *t == primitive.uint64) {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some("uint64".to_string())
-                }
-            }
-            SymbolValue::Str(..) => {
-                if matches!(ty, TypeAnnotation::Primitive(t) if *t == primitive.str) {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some("str".to_string())
-                }
-            }
-            SymbolValue::Tuple(elts) => {
-                if let TypeAnnotation::Tuple(elts_ty) = ty {
-                    for (e, t) in elts.iter().zip(elts_ty.iter()) {
-                        Self::check_default_param_type(e, t, primitive, unifier)?
                     }
-                    if elts.len() != elts_ty.len() {
-                        Some(format!("tuple of length {}", elts.len()))
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    Some("tuple".to_string())
                 }
             }
-        };
+        }
-        if let Some(found) = res {
+
+        fn is_compatible(
+            found: &TypeAnnotation,
+            expect: &TypeAnnotation,
+            unifier: &mut Unifier,
+            primitive: &PrimitiveStore,
+        ) -> bool {
+            match (found, expect) {
+                (TypeAnnotation::Primitive(f), TypeAnnotation::Primitive(e)) => {
+                    unifier.unioned(*f, *e)
+                }
+                (
+                    TypeAnnotation::CustomClass { id: f_id, params: f_param },
+                    TypeAnnotation::CustomClass { id: e_id, params: e_param },
+                ) => {
+                    *f_id == *e_id
+                        && *f_id == primitive.option.get_obj_id(unifier)
+                        && (f_param.is_empty()
+                            || (f_param.len() == 1
+                                && e_param.len() == 1
+                                && is_compatible(&f_param[0], &e_param[0], unifier, primitive)))
+                }
+                (TypeAnnotation::Tuple(f), TypeAnnotation::Tuple(e)) => {
+                    f.len() == e.len()
+                        && f.iter()
+                            .zip(e.iter())
+                            .all(|(f, e)| is_compatible(f, e, unifier, primitive))
+                }
+                _ => false,
+            }
+        }
+
+        let found = type_default_param(val, primitive, unifier);
+        if !is_compatible(&found, ty, unifier, primitive) {
             Err(format!(
                 "incompatible default parameter type, expect {}, found {}",
                 ty.stringify(unifier),
-                found
+                found.stringify(unifier),
             ))
         } else {
             Ok(())
@@ -511,6 +512,10 @@ pub fn parse_parameter_default_value(
             Constant::Tuple(tuple) => Ok(SymbolValue::Tuple(
                 tuple.iter().map(|x| handle_constant(x, loc)).collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?,
             )),
+            Constant::None => Err(format!(
+                "`None` is not supported, use `none` for option type instead ({})",
+                loc
+            )),
             _ => unimplemented!("this constant is not supported at {}", loc),
         }
     }
@@ -548,6 +553,11 @@ pub fn parse_parameter_default_value(
                     }
                     _ => Err(format!("only allow constant integer here at {}", default.location))
                 }
+                ast::ExprKind::Name { id, .. } if *id == "Some".into() => Ok(
+                    SymbolValue::OptionSome(
+                        Box::new(parse_parameter_default_value(&args[0], resolver)?)
+                    )
+                ),
                 _ => Err(format!("unsupported default parameter at {}", default.location)),
             }
         }
@@ -556,15 +566,20 @@ pub fn parse_parameter_default_value(
             .map(|x| parse_parameter_default_value(x, resolver))
             .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?
         )),
+        ast::ExprKind::Name { id, .. } if id == &"none".into() => Ok(SymbolValue::OptionNone),
         ast::ExprKind::Name { id, .. } => {
             resolver.get_default_param_value(default).ok_or_else(
                 || format!(
-                    "`{}` cannot be used as a default parameter at {} (not primitive type or tuple / not defined?)",
+                    "`{}` cannot be used as a default parameter at {} \
+                    (not primitive type, option or tuple / not defined?)",
                     id,
                     default.location
                 )
             )
         }
-        _ => Err(format!("unsupported default parameter at {}", default.location))
+        _ => Err(format!(
+            "unsupported default parameter (not primitive type, option or tuple) at {}",
+            default.location
+        ))
     }
 }

nac3core/src/toplevel/snapshots/nac3core__toplevel__test__test_analyze__generic_class.snap

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ expression: res_vec
 
 ---
 [
-    "Class {\nname: \"Generic_A\",\nancestors: [\"{class: Generic_A, params: [\\\"V\\\"]}\", \"{class: B, params: []}\"],\nfields: [\"aa\", \"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[b:T], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:int32], V]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"V\"]\n}\n",
+    "Class {\nname: \"Generic_A\",\nancestors: [\"Generic_A[V]\", \"B\"],\nfields: [\"aa\", \"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[b:T], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:int32], V]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"V\"]\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"Generic_A.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"Generic_A.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:int32], V]\",\nvar_id: [18]\n}\n",
-    "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"{class: B, params: []}\"],\nfields: [\"aa\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[b:T], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
+    "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"B\"],\nfields: [\"aa\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[b:T], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.foo\",\nsig: \"fn[[b:T], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
 ]

nac3core/src/toplevel/snapshots/nac3core__toplevel__test__test_analyze__inheritance_override.snap

@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ expression: res_vec
 
 ---
 [
-    "Class {\nname: \"A\",\nancestors: [\"{class: A, params: [\\\"T\\\"]}\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[t:T], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:int32, b:T], list[virtual[B[bool]]]]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[c:C], none]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"T\"]\n}\n",
+    "Class {\nname: \"A\",\nancestors: [\"A[T]\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[t:T], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:int32, b:T], list[virtual[B[bool]]]]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[c:C], none]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"T\"]\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[t:T], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:int32, b:T], list[virtual[B[bool]]]]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.foo\",\nsig: \"fn[[c:C], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
-    "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"{class: B, params: [\\\"var7\\\"]}\", \"{class: A, params: [\\\"float\\\"]}\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:int32, b:T], list[virtual[B[bool]]]]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[c:C], none]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"var7\"]\n}\n",
+    "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"B[typevar7]\", \"A[float]\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:int32, b:T], list[virtual[B[bool]]]]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[c:C], none]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"typevar7\"]\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:int32, b:T], list[virtual[B[bool]]]]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
-    "Class {\nname: \"C\",\nancestors: [\"{class: C, params: []}\", \"{class: B, params: [\\\"bool\\\"]}\", \"{class: A, params: [\\\"float\\\"]}\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:int32, b:T], list[virtual[B[bool]]]]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[c:C], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
+    "Class {\nname: \"C\",\nancestors: [\"C\", \"B[bool]\", \"A[float]\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:int32, b:T], list[virtual[B[bool]]]]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[c:C], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"C.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
 ]

nac3core/src/toplevel/snapshots/nac3core__toplevel__test__test_analyze__list_tuple_generic.snap

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ expression: res_vec
 ---
 [
     "Function {\nname: \"foo\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:list[int32], b:tuple[T, float]], A[B, bool]]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
-    "Class {\nname: \"A\",\nancestors: [\"{class: A, params: [\\\"T\\\", \\\"V\\\"]}\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[v:V], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:T], V]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"T\", \"V\"]\n}\n",
+    "Class {\nname: \"A\",\nancestors: [\"A[T, V]\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[v:V], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:T], V]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"T\", \"V\"]\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[v:V], none]\",\nvar_id: [20]\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:T], V]\",\nvar_id: [25]\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"gfun\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:A[int32, list[float]]], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
-    "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"{class: B, params: []}\"],\nfields: [],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
+    "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"B\"],\nfields: [],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
 ]

nac3core/src/toplevel/snapshots/nac3core__toplevel__test__test_analyze__self1.snap

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ expression: res_vec
 
 ---
 [
-    "Class {\nname: \"A\",\nancestors: [\"{class: A, params: [\\\"var6\\\", \\\"var7\\\"]}\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[a:A[bool, float], b:B], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:A[bool, float]], A[bool, int32]]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"var6\", \"var7\"]\n}\n",
+    "Class {\nname: \"A\",\nancestors: [\"A[typevar6, typevar7]\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[a:A[bool, float], b:B], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:A[bool, float]], A[bool, int32]]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"typevar6\", \"typevar7\"]\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:A[bool, float], b:B], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:A[bool, float]], A[bool, int32]]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
-    "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"{class: B, params: []}\", \"{class: A, params: [\\\"int64\\\", \\\"bool\\\"]}\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:A[bool, float]], A[bool, int32]]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[b:B], B]\"), (\"bar\", \"fn[[a:A[int32, list[B]]], tuple[A[bool, virtual[A[B, int32]]], B]]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
+    "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"B\", \"A[int64, bool]\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:A[bool, float]], A[bool, int32]]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[b:B], B]\"), (\"bar\", \"fn[[a:A[int32, list[B]]], tuple[A[bool, virtual[A[B, int32]]], B]]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.foo\",\nsig: \"fn[[b:B], B]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.bar\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:A[int32, list[B]]], tuple[A[bool, virtual[A[B, int32]]], B]]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",

nac3core/src/toplevel/snapshots/nac3core__toplevel__test__test_analyze__simple_class_compose.snap

@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ expression: res_vec
 
 ---
 [
-    "Class {\nname: \"A\",\nancestors: [\"{class: A, params: []}\"],\nfields: [\"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[b:B], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[a:T, b:V], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
+    "Class {\nname: \"A\",\nancestors: [\"A\"],\nfields: [\"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[b:B], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[a:T, b:V], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[b:B], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.foo\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:T, b:V], none]\",\nvar_id: [26]\n}\n",
-    "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"{class: B, params: []}\", \"{class: C, params: []}\", \"{class: A, params: []}\"],\nfields: [\"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[b:B], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[a:T, b:V], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
+    "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"B\", \"C\", \"A\"],\nfields: [\"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[b:B], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[a:T, b:V], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
-    "Class {\nname: \"C\",\nancestors: [\"{class: C, params: []}\", \"{class: A, params: []}\"],\nfields: [\"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[b:B], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[a:T, b:V], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
+    "Class {\nname: \"C\",\nancestors: [\"C\", \"A\"],\nfields: [\"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[b:B], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[a:T, b:V], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"C.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"C.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[b:B], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"foo\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:A], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",

nac3core/src/toplevel/snapshots/nac3core__toplevel__test__test_analyze__simple_pass_in_class.snap

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 ---
 source: nac3core/src/toplevel/test.rs
-assertion_line: 541
+assertion_line: 549
 expression: res_vec
 
 ---
 [
-    "Class {\nname: \"A\",\nancestors: [\"{class: A, params: []}\"],\nfields: [],\nmethods: [],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
+    "Class {\nname: \"A\",\nancestors: [\"A\"],\nfields: [],\nmethods: [],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
 ]

nac3core/src/toplevel/test.rs

@@ -65,14 +65,14 @@ impl SymbolResolver for Resolver {
     }
 
     fn get_identifier_def(&self, id: StrRef) -> Result<DefinitionId, String> {
-        self.0.id_to_def.lock().get(&id).cloned().ok_or("Unknown identifier".to_string())
+        self.0.id_to_def.lock().get(&id).cloned().ok_or_else(|| "Unknown identifier".to_string())
     }
 
     fn get_string_id(&self, _: &str) -> i32 {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 
-    fn get_exception_id(&self, tyid: usize) -> usize {
+    fn get_exception_id(&self, _tyid: usize) -> usize {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 }
@@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ fn make_internal_resolver_with_tvar(
                 (name, {
                     let (ty, id) = unifier.get_fresh_var_with_range(range.as_slice(), None, None);
                     if print {
-                        println!("{}: {:?}, tvar{}", name, ty, id);
+                        println!("{}: {:?}, typevar{}", name, ty, id);
                     }
                     ty
                 })
@@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ impl<'a> Fold<Option<Type>> for TypeToStringFolder<'a> {
             self.unifier.internal_stringify(
                 ty,
                 &mut |id| format!("class{}", id.to_string()),
-                &mut |id| format!("tvar{}", id.to_string()),
+                &mut |id| format!("typevar{}", id.to_string()),
                 &mut None,
             )
         } else {

nac3core/src/toplevel/type_annotation.rs

@@ -29,20 +29,28 @@ impl TypeAnnotation {
                         {
                             (*name).into()
                         } else {
-                            format!("def_{}", id.0)
+                            unreachable!()
                         }
                     }
-                    None => format!("def_{}", id.0),
+                    None => format!("class_def_{}", id.0),
                 };
                 format!(
-                    "{{class: {}, params: {:?}}}",
+                    "{}{}",
                     class_name,
-                    params.iter().map(|p| p.stringify(unifier)).collect_vec()
+                    {
+                        let param_list = params.iter().map(|p| p.stringify(unifier)).collect_vec().join(", ");
+                        if param_list.is_empty() {
+                            "".into()
+                        } else {
+                            format!("[{}]", param_list)
+                        }
+                    }
                 )
             }
-            Virtual(ty) | List(ty) => ty.stringify(unifier),
+            Virtual(ty) => format!("virtual[{}]", ty.stringify(unifier)),
+            List(ty) => format!("list[{}]", ty.stringify(unifier)),
             Tuple(types) => {
-                format!("({:?})", types.iter().map(|p| p.stringify(unifier)).collect_vec())
+                format!("tuple[{}]", types.iter().map(|p| p.stringify(unifier)).collect_vec().join(", "))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -348,7 +356,7 @@ pub fn get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(
                                         unifier.internal_stringify(
                                             p,
                                             &mut |id| format!("class{}", id),
-                                            &mut |id| format!("tvar{}", id),
+                                            &mut |id| format!("typevar{}", id),
                                             &mut None
                                         ),
                                         *id
@@ -428,7 +436,7 @@ pub fn get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(
 /// the type of `self` should be similar to `A[T, V]`, where `T`, `V`
 /// considered to be type variables associated with the class \
 /// \
-/// But note that here we do not make a duplication of `T`, `V`, we direclty
+/// But note that here we do not make a duplication of `T`, `V`, we directly
 /// use them as they are in the TopLevelDef::Class since those in the
 /// TopLevelDef::Class.type_vars will be substitute later when seeing applications/instantiations
 /// the Type of their fields and methods will also be subst when application/instantiation

nac3core/src/typecheck/type_inferencer/mod.rs

@@ -426,6 +426,13 @@ impl<'a> fold::Fold<()> for Inferencer<'a> {
                 let res_ty = self.infer_bin_ops(stmt.location, target, op, value)?;
                 self.unify(res_ty, target.custom.unwrap(), &stmt.location)?;
             }
+            ast::StmtKind::Assert { test, msg, .. } => {
+                self.unify(test.custom.unwrap(), self.primitives.bool, &test.location)?;
+                match msg {
+                    Some(m) => self.unify(m.custom.unwrap(), self.primitives.str, &m.location)?,
+                    None => ()
+                }
+            }
             _ => return report_error("Unsupported statement type", stmt.location),
         };
         Ok(stmt)

nac3core/src/typecheck/type_inferencer/test.rs

@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ impl SymbolResolver for Resolver {
     }
 
     fn get_identifier_def(&self, id: StrRef) -> Result<DefinitionId, String> {
-        self.id_to_def.get(&id).cloned().ok_or("Unknown identifier".to_string())
+        self.id_to_def.get(&id).cloned().ok_or_else(|| "Unknown identifier".to_string())
     }
 
     fn get_string_id(&self, _: &str) -> i32 {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 
-    fn get_exception_id(&self, tyid: usize) -> usize {
+    fn get_exception_id(&self, _tyid: usize) -> usize {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 }

nac3core/src/typecheck/typedef/mod.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use crate::toplevel::{DefinitionId, TopLevelContext, TopLevelDef};
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test;
 
-/// Handle for a type, implementated as a key in the unification table.
+/// Handle for a type, implemented as a key in the unification table.
 pub type Type = UnificationKey;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ impl Unifier {
                     },
                 )
             },
-            &mut |id| format!("var{}", id),
+            &mut |id| format!("typevar{}", id),
             notes,
         )
     }

nac3core/src/typecheck/typedef/test.rs

@@ -302,14 +302,14 @@ fn test_unify(
         ("v1", "Record[a=float,b=int]"),
         ("v2", "Foo[v3]"),
     ],
-    (("v1", "v2"), "`3[var4]::b` field/method does not exist")
+    (("v1", "v2"), "`3[typevar4]::b` field/method does not exist")
     ; "record obj merge"
 )]
 /// Test cases for invalid unifications.
 fn test_invalid_unification(
     variable_count: u32,
     unify_pairs: &[(&'static str, &'static str)],
-    errornous_pair: ((&'static str, &'static str), &'static str),
+    erroneous_pair: ((&'static str, &'static str), &'static str),
 ) {
     let mut env = TestEnvironment::new();
     let mut mapping = HashMap::new();
@@ -326,11 +326,11 @@ fn test_invalid_unification(
         pairs.push((t1, t2));
     }
     let (t1, t2) =
-        (env.parse(errornous_pair.0 .0, &mapping), env.parse(errornous_pair.0 .1, &mapping));
+        (env.parse(erroneous_pair.0 .0, &mapping), env.parse(erroneous_pair.0 .1, &mapping));
     for (a, b) in pairs {
         env.unifier.unify(a, b).unwrap();
     }
-    assert_eq!(env.unify(t1, t2), Err(errornous_pair.1.to_string()));
+    assert_eq!(env.unify(t1, t2), Err(erroneous_pair.1.to_string()));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ fn test_typevar_range() {
     // where v in (int, list[v1]), v1 in (int, bool)
     assert_eq!(
         env.unify(float_list, v),
-        Err("Expected any one of these types: 0, list[var5], but got list[1]\n\nNotes:\n    var5 ∈ {0, 2}".to_string())
+        Err("Expected any one of these types: 0, list[typevar5], but got list[1]\n\nNotes:\n    typevar5 ∈ {0, 2}".to_string())
     );
 
     let a = env.unifier.get_fresh_var_with_range(&[int, float], None, None).0;
@@ -504,9 +504,9 @@ fn test_rigid_var() {
     let int = env.parse("int", &HashMap::new());
     let list_int = env.parse("list[int]", &HashMap::new());
 
-    assert_eq!(env.unify(a, b), Err("Incompatible types: var3 and var2".to_string()));
+    assert_eq!(env.unify(a, b), Err("Incompatible types: typevar3 and typevar2".to_string()));
     env.unifier.unify(list_a, list_x).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(env.unify(list_x, list_int), Err("Incompatible types: 0 and var2".to_string()));
+    assert_eq!(env.unify(list_x, list_int), Err("Incompatible types: 0 and typevar2".to_string()));
 
     env.unifier.replace_rigid_var(a, int);
     env.unifier.unify(list_x, list_int).unwrap();

nac3parser/src/parser.rs

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_parse_lambda() {
         let source = "lambda x, y: x * y"; // lambda(x, y): x * y";
-        let parse_ast = parse_program(&source, Default::default()).unwrap();
+        let parse_ast = parse_program(source, Default::default()).unwrap();
         insta::assert_debug_snapshot!(parse_ast);
     }
 
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_parse_tuples() {
         let source = "a, b = 4, 5";
 
-        insta::assert_debug_snapshot!(parse_program(&source, Default::default()).unwrap());
+        insta::assert_debug_snapshot!(parse_program(source, Default::default()).unwrap());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class Foo(A, B):
   pass
  def method_with_default(self, arg='default'):
   pass";
-        insta::assert_debug_snapshot!(parse_program(&source, Default::default()).unwrap());
+        insta::assert_debug_snapshot!(parse_program(source, Default::default()).unwrap());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ while i < 2: # nac3: 4
     # nac3: if1
     if 1: # nac3: if2
         3";
-        insta::assert_debug_snapshot!(parse_program(&source, Default::default()).unwrap());
+        insta::assert_debug_snapshot!(parse_program(source, Default::default()).unwrap());
     }
     
     #[test]
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ while test: # nac3: while3
     # nac3: simple assign0 
     a = 3 # nac3: simple assign1
 ";
-        insta::assert_debug_snapshot!(parse_program(&source, Default::default()).unwrap());
+        insta::assert_debug_snapshot!(parse_program(source, Default::default()).unwrap());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ if a: # nac3: small2
 for i in a: # nac3: for1
     pass
 ";
-        insta::assert_debug_snapshot!(parse_program(&source, Default::default()).unwrap());
+        insta::assert_debug_snapshot!(parse_program(source, Default::default()).unwrap());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -224,6 +224,6 @@ for i in a: # nac3: for1
 if a: # nac3: something
 a = 3
 ";
-        assert!(parse_program(&source, Default::default()).is_err());
+        assert!(parse_program(source, Default::default()).is_err());
     }
 }

nac3standalone/demo/demo.rs

@@ -74,6 +74,11 @@ pub extern "C" fn __nac3_personality(_state: u32, _exception_object: u32, _conte
     unimplemented!();
 }
 
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn __nac3_raise(_state: u32, _exception_object: u32, _context: u32) -> u32 {
+    unimplemented!();
+}
+
 extern "C" {
     fn run() -> i32;
 }

nac3standalone/demo/src/default_param.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+@extern
+def output_int32(x: int32):
+    ...
+
+def f1(a: int32 = 4):
+    output_int32(a)
+
+def f2(a: int64 = int64(123)):
+    output_int32(int32(a))
+
+def f3(a: uint32 = uint32(234)):
+    output_int32(int32(a))
+
+def f4(a: tuple[int32, tuple[int32, int32], int64] = (4, (5, 6), int64(7))):
+    output_int32(a[0])
+    output_int32(a[1][0])
+    output_int32(a[1][1])
+    output_int32(int32(a[2]))
+
+def f5(a: float = 3.45):
+    output_int32(int32(a))
+
+def f6(a: Option[list[int32]] = none):
+    if a.is_none():
+        a = Some([11,22,33])
+        output_int32(a.unwrap()[2])
+
+def f7(a: Option[tuple[int32, int64]] = Some((3, int64(123)))):
+    if a.is_some():
+        a_unwrap = a.unwrap()
+        output_int32(a_unwrap[0])
+        output_int32(int32(a_unwrap[1]))
+
+
+def run() -> int32:
+    f1()
+    f2()
+    f3()
+    f4()
+    f5()
+    f6()
+    f7()
+    return 0

nac3standalone/demo/src/lists.py

@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ def list_slice_assignment():
     bl5[3:-5] = []
     output_int32_list([int32(b) for b in bl5])
     bl6 = bl[:]
-    bl6[3:-5] = [True, False, False]
+    bl6[3:-5] = [True, False]
     output_int32_list([int32(b) for b in bl6])
     bl7 = bl[:]
     bl7[:-2] = [False]

nac3standalone/demo/src/loop.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+@extern
+def output_int32(x: int32):
+    ...
+
+def run() -> int32:
+    for _ in range(10):
+        output_int32(_)
+        _ = 0
+    return 0

nac3standalone/demo/src/pow.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+@extern
+def output_float64(f: float):
+    ...
+
+
+def run() -> int32:
+    output_float64(float(3 ** 1))
+    output_float64(float(3 ** 0))
+    output_float64(float(3 ** 19))
+    output_float64(1.0 ** -100)
+    output_float64(1.0 ** -2)
+    output_float64(1.0 ** 0)
+    output_float64(1.0 ** 1)
+    output_float64(1.0 ** 100)
+    output_float64(3.0 ** 0)
+    output_float64(3.0 ** 1)
+    output_float64(3.0 ** 2)
+    output_float64(3.0 ** -1)
+    output_float64(3.0 ** -2)
+    output_float64(3.0 ** -32767)
+    output_float64(3.0 ** -3.0)
+    output_float64(3.0 ** -0.0)
+    output_float64(3.0 ** 0.0)
+    output_float64(4.0 ** 0.5)
+    output_float64(4.0 ** -0.5)
+    return 0

nac3standalone/demo/src/tuple.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+@extern
+def output_int32_list(x: list[int32]):
+    ...
+
+@extern
+def output_int32(x: int32):
+    ...
+
+class A:
+    a: int32
+    b: bool
+    def __init__(self, a: int32, b: bool):
+        self.a = a
+        self.b = b
+
+def run() -> int32:
+    data = [0, 1, 2, 3]
+
+    t = [(d, d + d) for d in data]
+    for i in t:
+        tt = (Some(i[1]), i[0])
+        tl = ([i[0], i[1] + i[0]], i[1])
+        output_int32(tt[0].unwrap())
+        output_int32(tt[1])
+        output_int32(tl[0][0])
+        output_int32(tl[0][1])
+        output_int32(tl[1])
+    
+    return 0

nix/windows/PKGBUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+pkgbase="mingw-w64-nac3artiq"
+pkgname="mingw-w64-x86_64-nac3artiq"
+pkgver=1.0
+pkgrel=1
+pkgdesc="New ARTIQ compiler 3"
+arch=("any")
+mingw_arch=("mingw64")
+url="https://m-labs.hk"
+license=("LGPL")
+source=("nac3artiq.pyd")
+noextract=("nac3artiq.pyd")
+sha256sums=("SKIP")
+depends=("mingw-w64-x86_64-python")
+
+prepare() {
+  true
+}
+
+build() {
+  true
+}
+
+package() {
+  mkdir -p $pkgdir/mingw64/lib/python3.9/site-packages
+  cp ${srcdir}/nac3artiq.pyd $pkgdir/mingw64/lib/python3.9/site-packages
+}

nix/windows/default.nix

@@ -33,13 +33,14 @@ let
   };
 in rec {
   llvm-nac3 = pkgs.stdenvNoCC.mkDerivation rec {
-    name = "llvm-nac3-msys2";
+    pname = "llvm-nac3-msys2";
+    version = "13.0.1";
     src-llvm = pkgs.fetchurl {
-      url = "https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-13.0.1/llvm-13.0.1.src.tar.xz";
+      url = "https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-${version}/llvm-${version}.src.tar.xz";
       sha256 = "sha256-7GuA2Cw4SsrS3BkpA6bPLNuv+4ibhL+5janXHmMPyDQ=";
     };
     src-clang = pkgs.fetchurl {
-      url = "https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-13.0.1/clang-13.0.1.src.tar.xz";
+      url = "https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-${version}/clang-${version}.src.tar.xz";
       sha256 = "sha256-eHqeLZn1yHIKoXc+S+AJRhzTDTvUD90kWR5HNGfJF8k=";
     };
     buildInputs = [ pkgs.wineWowPackages.stable ];
@@ -73,12 +74,13 @@ in rec {
       ''
       wine64 ninja install
       '';
+    dontFixup = true;
   };
   nac3artiq = pkgs.rustPlatform.buildRustPackage {
-    name = "nac3artiq";
+    name = "nac3artiq-msys2";
-    src = ../.;
+    src = ../../.;
-    cargoLock = { lockFile = ../Cargo.lock; };
+    cargoLock = { lockFile = ../../Cargo.lock; };
-    nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.wineWowPackages.stable pkgs.zip ];
+    nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.wineWowPackages.stable ];
     buildPhase =
       ''
       export HOME=`mktemp -d`
@@ -90,10 +92,9 @@ in rec {
       '';
     installPhase =
       ''
-      mkdir -p $out $out/nix-support
+      mkdir $out $out/nix-support
-      ln -s target/release/nac3artiq.dll nac3artiq.pyd
+      cp target/release/nac3artiq.dll $out/nac3artiq.pyd
-      zip $out/nac3artiq.zip nac3artiq.pyd
+      echo file binary-dist $out/nac3artiq.pyd >> $out/nix-support/hydra-build-products
-      echo file binary-dist $out/nac3artiq.zip >> $out/nix-support/hydra-build-products
       '';
     checkPhase =
       ''
@@ -101,6 +102,56 @@ in rec {
       '';
     dontFixup = true;
   };
+  nac3artiq-pkg = pkgs.stdenvNoCC.mkDerivation {
+    name = "nac3artiq-msys2-pkg";
+    nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.pacman pkgs.fakeroot pkgs.libarchive pkgs.zstd ];
+    src = nac3artiq;
+    phases = [ "buildPhase" "installPhase" ];
+    buildPhase =
+      ''
+      ln -s ${./PKGBUILD} PKGBUILD
+      ln -s $src/nac3artiq.pyd nac3artiq.pyd
+      makepkg --config ${./makepkg.conf} --nodeps
+      '';
+    installPhase =
+      ''
+      mkdir $out $out/nix-support
+      cp *.pkg.tar.zst $out
+      echo file msys2 $out/*.pkg.tar.zst >> $out/nix-support/hydra-build-products
+      '';
+  };
+  lld = pkgs.stdenvNoCC.mkDerivation rec {
+    pname = "lld-msys2";
+    version = "13.0.1";
+    src = pkgs.fetchurl {
+      url = "https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-${version}/lld-${version}.src.tar.xz";
+      sha256 = "sha256-Zmr3Rei/e2gFM7TRi3ox3HyrV1sebk0mGSK7r9lkTPs=";
+    };
+    buildInputs = [ pkgs.wineWowPackages.stable ];
+    phases = [ "unpackPhase" "patchPhase" "configurePhase" "buildPhase" "installPhase" ];
+    patches = [ ./lld-disable-macho.diff ];
+    configurePhase =
+      ''
+      export HOME=`mktemp -d`
+      export WINEDEBUG=-all
+      export WINEPATH=Z:${msys2-env}/mingw64/bin\;Z:${llvm-nac3}/bin
+      ${silenceFontconfig}
+      mkdir build
+      cd build
+      wine64 cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=Z:$out
+      '';
+    buildPhase =
+      ''
+      wine64 ninja
+      '';
+    installPhase =
+      ''
+      mkdir -p $out $out/nix-support
+      cp bin/ld.lld.exe $out
+      echo file binary-dist $out/ld.lld.exe >> $out/nix-support/hydra-build-products
+      '';
+    dontFixup = true;
+  };
   wine-msys2 = pkgs.writeShellScriptBin "wine-msys2"
     ''
     export WINEDEBUG=-all
@@ -108,4 +159,12 @@ in rec {
     export PYO3_CONFIG_FILE=Z:${pyo3-mingw-config}
     exec ${pkgs.wineWowPackages.stable}/bin/wine64 cmd
     '';
+  wine-msys2-build = pkgs.writeShellScriptBin "wine-msys2-build"
+    ''
+    export HOME=`mktemp -d`
+    export WINEDEBUG=-all
+    export WINEPATH=Z:${msys2-env}/mingw64/bin
+    ${silenceFontconfig}
+    exec ${pkgs.wineWowPackages.stable}/bin/wine64 $@
+    '';
 }

nix/windows/lld-disable-macho.diff

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+diff '--color=auto' -Naur lld-13.0.1.src/CMakeLists.txt lld-13.0.1.src-new/CMakeLists.txt
+--- lld-13.0.1.src/CMakeLists.txt	2022-01-21 05:31:59.000000000 +0800
++++ lld-13.0.1.src-new/CMakeLists.txt	2022-03-27 18:26:30.284921982 +0800
+@@ -206,7 +206,6 @@
+ add_subdirectory(docs)
+ add_subdirectory(COFF)
+ add_subdirectory(ELF)
+-add_subdirectory(MachO)
+ add_subdirectory(MinGW)
+ add_subdirectory(wasm)
+ 
+diff '--color=auto' -Naur lld-13.0.1.src/tools/lld/CMakeLists.txt lld-13.0.1.src-new/tools/lld/CMakeLists.txt
+--- lld-13.0.1.src/tools/lld/CMakeLists.txt	2022-01-21 05:31:59.000000000 +0800
++++ lld-13.0.1.src-new/tools/lld/CMakeLists.txt	2022-03-27 18:26:40.805046295 +0800
+@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
+   lldCOFF
+   lldDriver
+   lldELF
+-  lldMachO2
+   lldMinGW
+   lldWasm
+   )
+diff '--color=auto' -Naur lld-13.0.1.src/tools/lld/lld.cpp lld-13.0.1.src-new/tools/lld/lld.cpp
+--- lld-13.0.1.src/tools/lld/lld.cpp	2022-01-21 05:31:59.000000000 +0800
++++ lld-13.0.1.src-new/tools/lld/lld.cpp	2022-03-27 08:43:54.205524156 +0800
+@@ -148,10 +148,6 @@
+     return !elf::link(args, exitEarly, stdoutOS, stderrOS);
+   case WinLink:
+     return !coff::link(args, exitEarly, stdoutOS, stderrOS);
+-  case Darwin:
+-    return !macho::link(args, exitEarly, stdoutOS, stderrOS);
+-  case DarwinOld:
+-    return !mach_o::link(args, exitEarly, stdoutOS, stderrOS);
+   case Wasm:
+     return !lld::wasm::link(args, exitEarly, stdoutOS, stderrOS);
+   default:

nix/windows/make_msys2_packages.sh

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ curl -L https://mirror.msys2.org/msys/x86_64/pacman-mirrors-20220205-1-any.pkg.t
 curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/msys2/MSYS2-packages/master/pacman/pacman.conf | grep -v SigLevel | sed s\|/etc/pacman.d\|$MSYS2DIR/etc/pacman.d\|g > $MSYS2DIR/etc/pacman.conf
 
 fakeroot pacman --root $MSYS2DIR --config $MSYS2DIR/etc/pacman.conf -Syy
-pacman --root $MSYS2DIR --config $MSYS2DIR/etc/pacman.conf --cachedir $MSYS2DIR/msys/cache -Sp mingw-w64-x86_64-rust mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake mingw-w64-x86_64-ninja mingw-w64-x86_64-python3.9 mingw-w64-x86_64-python-numpy > $MSYS2DIR/packages.txt
+pacman --root $MSYS2DIR --config $MSYS2DIR/etc/pacman.conf --cachedir $MSYS2DIR/msys/cache -Sp mingw-w64-x86_64-rust mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake mingw-w64-x86_64-ninja mingw-w64-x86_64-python3.9 mingw-w64-x86_64-python-numpy mingw-w64-x86_64-python-setuptools > $MSYS2DIR/packages.txt
 
 echo "{ pkgs } : [" > msys2_packages.nix
 while read package; do

nix/windows/makepkg.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+PKGEXT='.pkg.tar.zst'
+SRCEXT='.src.tar.gz'

nix/windows/msys2_packages.nix

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
-  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-zlib-1.2.11-9-any.pkg.tar.zst";
+  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-zlib-1.2.12-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
-  sha256 = "0fb3xbw9a0ah4viwp3a7hr5phnc7mvcl9ba2yjidncpqmspypacx";
+  sha256 = "1b461ic5s3hjk3y70ldik82ny08rdywn1zfqa8d2jyyvnh4dya77";
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
-  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-headers-git-9.0.0.6451.a3f6d363d-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
+  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-headers-git-9.0.0.6454.b4445ee52-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
-  sha256 = "1ngnjb9vgk295wlwqandm0nhqqdfrp584kx3nfshxkhwmj5gpzxk";
+  sha256 = "0wyg5ad3fh2lwd7avxvpncipj5wxmp647l43wzr1l3rrkd820yy3";
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
-  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-crt-git-9.0.0.6451.a3f6d363d-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
+  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-crt-git-9.0.0.6454.b4445ee52-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
-  sha256 = "1ccipidbsjncdhr48k50ia53dwn7v3ghdl8f1svgwvnh3mrx0bww";
+  sha256 = "0bnzwgf395fbwbsq8900prj409b081hi0dd76kak6d971xqyy2r4";
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
-  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-libwinpthread-git-9.0.0.6451.a3f6d363d-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
+  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-libwinpthread-git-9.0.0.6454.b4445ee52-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
-  sha256 = "0qdy79l5y02lw2xa8i3j6yayhz8a7awfgyyd82pcmbzwx57q2xqb";
+  sha256 = "181fm72bi6cs348hixkqjzivizzcsyn2lxvnbqprx4366prjf7nn";
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
-  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-winpthreads-git-9.0.0.6451.a3f6d363d-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
+  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-winpthreads-git-9.0.0.6454.b4445ee52-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
-  sha256 = "08zwgkrp45y5ry8avz61krasjkk4k4a5rrdz4nd78bbbah84mpgz";
+  sha256 = "0n3pim85wlsc93y9sh06rnfraqgzbz300sp9hd8n7wgvcsmpj9rx";
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
-  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-expat-2.4.7-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
+  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-expat-2.4.8-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
-  sha256 = "19qh3kk2kmkkzxirpx1swgfsfb29gy9q8qgdmrzzbwrqrn8vs77j";
+  sha256 = "1qkw4k61ddaflns5ms0xh0czbx99wxhs0dfbk8sv8by2rkshl51k";
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
-  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-libidn2-2.3.1-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
+  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-libidn2-2.3.2-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
-  sha256 = "00vm6d56ldr1f4h0dn15j0ja17dif45qxlxaqv4x5nw555frklf5";
+  sha256 = "0p694g8g716zyvcxc48xmdanjyrkp3ir4naqlradrw2szy9bj800";
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
@@ -231,8 +231,8 @@
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
-  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake-3.22.3-2-any.pkg.tar.zst";
+  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake-3.23.0-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
-  sha256 = "1xp8n5s98va7a9cq36d9p49lk32yv9vkvlayc4d4j465xzm21hgp";
+  sha256 = "1gcmm3bd29zfd88ack6xdqwmbskyvhb4ymrfspayk4jfcj4svky5";
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
@@ -266,8 +266,8 @@
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
-  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-sqlite3-3.38.1-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
+  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-sqlite3-3.38.2-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
-  sha256 = "04h4m72mwmad82nzrl5qj9wlsinjs7z7bsbbq17dxkx92aj75p26";
+  sha256 = "14agi4611h5400j7bqh1w5i5qbhp4hp6apzaddilxq97y37vj90q";
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
@@ -291,12 +291,17 @@
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
-  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-openblas-0.3.20-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
+  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-openblas-0.3.20-2-any.pkg.tar.zst";
-  sha256 = "1adbbycbvs2nkjhgap92fk3x0vqfjb3ghhvyd1xlnn56c5n0iphf";
+  sha256 = "1cj0j06b2xhcvq9v6jx5cn130r8pkv2xa885f3z3z98kmrifjw0l";
 })
 
 (pkgs.fetchurl {
   url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-python-numpy-1.21.5-1-any.pkg.tar.zst";
   sha256 = "10bhfq65nrzxipgy75bqaad74daif4ay06phwvbx70b9j0wm33c3";
 })
+
+(pkgs.fetchurl {
+  url = "https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-python-setuptools-59.8.0-2-any.pkg.tar.zst";
+  sha256 = "1jbvsmh1r00yb6fm8by6z7xp9069f9lkj73jrsnxmflmvpdkjl5c";
+})
 ]