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\documentclass[10pt]{datasheet}
\usepackage{palatino}
\usepackage{textgreek}
\usepackage{minted}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage{makecell}
\BeforeBeginEnvironment{minted}{\begin{tcolorbox}[colback=white]}%
\AfterEndEnvironment{minted}{\end{tcolorbox}}%
\usepackage[justification=centering]{caption}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[english]{isodate}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{circuitikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{fit,backgrounds}
\title{4410 Urukul}
\author{M-Labs Limited}
\date{November 2021}
\revision{Revision 1}
\companylogo{\includegraphics[height=0.73in]{artiq_sinara.pdf}}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\section{Features}
\begin{itemize}
\item{4 channels 1GS/s DDS.}
\item{Output frequency ranges from \textless 1 to \textgreater 400 MHz.}
\item{Sub-Hz frequency resolution.}
\item{Controlled phase steps.}
\item{Accurate output amplitude control.}
\end{itemize}
\section{Applications}
\begin{itemize}
\item{Agile local oscillator (LO) frequency synthesis.}
\item{Programmable clock generators.}
\item{FM chirp source for radar and scanning systems.}
\end{itemize}
\section{General Description}
The 4410 Urukul card is a 4hp EEM module part of the ARTIQ Sinara family.
It adds frequency generation capabilities to carrier cards such as 1124 Kasli and 1125 Kasli-SoC.
It provides 4 channels of DDS at 1GS/s.
Output frequency from \textless 1 to \textgreater 400 MHz are supported.
The nominal maximum output power of each channel is 10dBm.
Each channel can be attenuated from 0 to -31.5 dB by a digital attenuator.
RF switches (1ns temporal resolution) on each channel provides 70 dB isolation.
Urukul comes with either AD9910 or AD9912 chips.
% Switch to next column
\vfill\break
\newcommand*{\MyLabel}[3][2cm]{\parbox{#1}{\centering #2 \\ #3}}
\newcommand*{\MymyLabel}[3][4cm]{\parbox{#1}{\centering #2 \\ #3}}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\scalebox{0.88}{
\begin{circuitikz}[european, scale=0.95, every label/.append style={align=center}]
\begin{scope}[]
% Node to pin-point the locations of SMA symbols
\draw[color=white, text=black] (-0.1, 0) node[twoportshape, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.4 ] (ext_clk) {};
\draw[color=white, text=black] (-0.1, -0.35) node[twoportshape, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.4 ] (mmcx) {};
\draw[color=white, text=black] (-0.1, -1.75) node[twoportshape, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.4 ] (rf0) {};
\draw[color=white, text=black] (-0.1, -2.45) node[twoportshape, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.4 ] (rf1) {};
\draw[color=white, text=black] (-0.1, -3.15) node[twoportshape, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.4 ] (rf2) {};
\draw[color=white, text=black] (-0.1, -3.85) node[twoportshape, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.4 ] (rf3) {};
% Labels for female EXT_CLK, MMCX, RF {0, 1, 2, 3}
\node [label=left:\tiny{EXT CLK}] at (0.35, 0) {};
\node [label=left:\tiny{MMCX}] at (0.35, -0.35) {};
\node [label=left:\tiny{RF 0}] at (0.35, -1.75) {};
\node [label=left:\tiny{RF 1}] at (0.35, -2.45) {};
\node [label=left:\tiny{RF 2}] at (0.35, -3.15) {};
\node [label=left:\tiny{RF 3}] at (0.35, -3.85) {};
% draw female EXT_CLK, MMCX, RF {0, 1, 2, 3}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.07 , rotate=-90, xshift=0cm, yshift=2cm]
\draw (0,0.65) -- (0,3);
\clip (-1.5,0) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
\draw (0,0) circle(1.5);
\clip (-0.8,0) rectangle (0.8,0.8);
\draw (0,0) circle(0.8);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.07 , rotate=-90, xshift=5cm, yshift=2cm]
\draw (0,0.65) -- (0,3);
\clip (-1.5,0) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
\draw (0,0) circle(1.5);
\clip (-0.8,0) rectangle (0.8,0.8);
\draw (0,0) circle(0.8);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.07 , rotate=-90, xshift=25cm, yshift=2cm]
\draw (0,0.65) -- (0,3);
\clip (-1.5,0) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
\draw (0,0) circle(1.5);
\clip (-0.8,0) rectangle (0.8,0.8);
\draw (0,0) circle(0.8);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.07 , rotate=-90, xshift=35cm, yshift=2cm]
\draw (0,0.65) -- (0,3);
\clip (-1.5,0) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
\draw (0,0) circle(1.5);
\clip (-0.8,0) rectangle (0.8,0.8);
\draw (0,0) circle(0.8);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.07 , rotate=-90, xshift=45cm, yshift=2cm]
\draw (0,0.65) -- (0,3);
\clip (-1.5,0) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
\draw (0,0) circle(1.5);
\clip (-0.8,0) rectangle (0.8,0.8);
\draw (0,0) circle(0.8);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[scale=0.07 , rotate=-90, xshift=55cm, yshift=2cm]
\draw (0,0.65) -- (0,3);
\clip (-1.5,0) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
\draw (0,0) circle(1.5);
\clip (-0.8,0) rectangle (0.8,0.8);
\draw (0,0) circle(0.8);
\end{scope}
% Draw the internal oscillator
\draw (0.02, -0.8) node[twoportshape, t={OSC}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=0.8, scale=0.4] (xo) {};
% Draw the clock buffers as selector
% \tikzset{demux/.style={muxdemux, muxdemux def={Lh=6, Rh=6, NL=3, NT=1, NB=0, NR=1, w=2.5}, no input leads, scale=0.4}};
% \draw (1.55, -0.35) node[demux]{\rotatebox[origin=c]{-90}{CLK BUFFERS}};
\draw (1.45, -0.35) node[twoportshape, t={CLK Buffers}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=2.2, scale=0.4, rotate=-90] (clk_buf) {};
% Connect CLK_IN to DDS clock buffers
\draw [-latexslim] (ext_clk.east) -- ++(1,0);
\draw [-latexslim] (mmcx.east) -- ++(1,0);
\draw [-latexslim] (xo.east) -- ++(1,0);
% Connect CPLD clk_sel to DDS clock buffers
\draw [-latexslim] (clk_buf.east) -- ++(0,-0.42);
% Signal path: From control signals / clock of DDS to output of the RF switches
\draw (1.35, -1.75) node[twoportshape, t={DDS Signal Path}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=2, scale=0.4] (sig0) {};
\draw (1.35, -2.45) node[twoportshape, t={DDS Signal Path}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=2, scale=0.4] (sig1) {};
\draw (1.35, -3.15) node[twoportshape, t={DDS Signal Path}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=2, scale=0.4] (sig2) {};
\draw (1.35, -3.85) node[twoportshape, t={DDS Signal Path}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=2, scale=0.4] (sig3) {};
% Extra node to expand the dotted area eastward
\draw[color=white, text=black] (2.1, -3.85) node[twoportshape, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=0.4, scale=0.4 ] (sig3_east) {};
% Connect RF to DDS block
\draw [latexslim-] (rf0.east) -- (sig0.west);
\draw [latexslim-] (rf1.east) -- (sig1.west);
\draw [latexslim-] (rf2.east) -- (sig2.west);
\draw [latexslim-] (rf3.east) -- (sig3.west);
% DDS signal path dotted area
\node[draw, dotted, thick, rounded corners, inner xsep=0.7em, inner ysep=0.4em, fit=(rf3)(sig0)(sig3_east.east)] (abs_dds) {};
\node[fill=white, rotate=-90, scale=0.7] at (abs_dds.west) {DDS Channels};
% CPLD
\draw (3.8, -0.35) node[twoportshape, t={CPLD}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.1, scale=0.8, rotate=-90] (cpld) {};
% Synthronization clock buffer for DDS block
\draw (3.5, -2.5) node[twoportshape, t=\MymyLabel{Sync}{Buffer}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.5] (sync_buf) {};
% Connect CPLD to:
% DDS clock buffer
\draw [latexslim-] (clk_buf.north) -- (cpld.south);
% DDS signal path
\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (3.4, -0.7) -- ++ (-1.5, 0) -- ++ (0,-0.72);
% Draw to intersection point, then complete the connection to sync buffer
\draw [-] (4.2, -0.7) -- (4.55, -0.7) -- (4.55, -2.5);
\draw [-latexslim] (4.55, -2.5) -- (sync_buf.east);
% Connect sync buffer to DDS block
\draw [-latexslim] (sig0.east) -- (3.35, -1.75) -- ++ (0, -0.5);
\draw [-latexslim] (sync_buf.south) -- ++ (0, -0.3) -- ++ (-1.05, 0);
% LVDS Transceivers
\draw (6, 0) node[twoportshape, t=\MymyLabel{LVDS}{Transceiever}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.8, scale=0.5] (lvds0) {};
\draw (6, -0.7) node[twoportshape, t=\MymyLabel{LVDS}{Transceiever}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.8, scale=0.5] (lvds1) {};
\draw (6, -2.5) node[twoportshape, t=\MymyLabel{LVDS}{Transceiever}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.8, scale=0.5] (lvds2) {};
\draw (6, -3.2) node[twoportshape, t=\MymyLabel{LVDS}{Transceiever}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.8, scale=0.5] (lvds3) {};
% Connect CPLD to transceivers
\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (lvds0.west) -- ++ (-1.13, 0);
\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (lvds1.west) -- ++ (-0.35, 0) -- ++ (0, 0.6) -- ++ (-0.78, 0);
\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (lvds2.west) -- ++ (-0.45, 0) -- ++ (0, 2.3) -- ++ (-0.68, 0);
\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (lvds3.west) -- ++ (-0.55, 0) -- ++ (0, 2.9) -- ++ (-0.58, 0);
% EEPROMs
\draw (6, -1.4) node[twoportshape, t={EEPROM}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.8, scale=0.5] (eeprom0) {};
\draw (6, -3.9) node[twoportshape, t={EEPROM}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.8, scale=0.5] (eeprom1) {};
% Repeaters for DDS0 sync clock & DDS sync output from sync buffer
\draw (3.5, -3.85) node[twoportshape, t={Repeaters}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.5] (rep) {};
% Connect DDS0 to repeaters
\draw [-latexslim] (sig0.east) -- ++ (0.3, 0) -- ++ (0, -1.55) -- (3.35, -3.3) -- ++ (0, -0.3);
% Connect sync_buf to repeaters
\draw [-latexslim] (sync_buf.south) -- ++ (0, -0.3) -- ++ (0.15, 0) -- ++ (0, -0.55);
% EEMs
\draw (8, -0.9) node[twoportshape, t={EEM Port 0}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=3.2, scale=0.5, rotate=-90] (eem0) {};
\draw (8, -3.4) node[twoportshape, t={EEM Port 1}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=3.2, scale=0.5, rotate=-90] (eem1) {};
% Connect LVDS and EEM
\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (lvds0.east) -- (7.75, 0);
\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (lvds1.east) -- (7.75, -0.7);
\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (lvds2.east) -- (7.75, -2.5);
\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (lvds3.east) -- (7.75, -3.2);
% Connect EEPROM to EEM
\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (eeprom0.east) -- (7.75, -1.4);
\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (eeprom1.east) -- (7.75, -3.9);
% Connect EEM0 to sync_buf
\draw [latexslim-] (3.65, -2.25) -- (3.65, -1.85) -- (7.75, -1.85);
% Connect repeaters output to EEM1
\draw [-latexslim] (rep.south) -- (3.5, -4.35) -- (7.75, -4.35);
% Synchronization ICs encased in another dotted area
\node[draw, dotted, thick, rounded corners, inner xsep=0.7em, inner ysep=0.4em, fit=(rep.south west)(sync_buf.north east)] (sync_path) {};
\node[fill=white, rotate=-90, scale=0.5] at (sync_path.east) {AD9910 Only};
\end{scope}
\end{circuitikz}
}
\caption{Simplified Block Diagram}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\scalebox{0.88}{
\begin{circuitikz}[european, scale=0.95, every label/.append style={align=center}]
\begin{scope}[]
% RF switches {0, 1, 2, 3} for SMA {0, 1, 2, 3}
\draw (1.4, 0) node[twoportshape, t={RF Switch}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.5, scale=0.6] (sw) {};
% Amplifiers {0, 1, 2, 3} for RF switches {0, 1, 2, 3}
\draw (3, 0) node[buffer, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=-0.5] (amp) {};
% Attenuators {0, 1, 2, 3} for amplifiers {0, 1, 2, 3}
\draw (4.6, 0) node[twoportshape, t=\MymyLabel{Digital}{Attenuator}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=2, scale=0.6, rotate=-90] (att) {};
% DDS {0, 1, 2, 3} for attenuators {0, 1, 2, 3}
\draw (6.6, 0) node[twoportshape, t={DDS}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.7] (dds) {};
% Connect main signal path
\draw [-latexslim] (dds.west) -- (att.north);
\draw [-latexslim] (att.south) -- (amp.west);
\draw [-latexslim] (amp.east) -- (sw.east);
% Connect abstract DDS clock input
\node [label=above:\tiny{CLK Buffers}] at (8, -0.2) {};
\draw [latexslim-] (dds.east) -- (8, 0);
% Insert CPLD signal to relevant components
\node [label=above:\tiny{CPLD}] at (8, 1.1) {};
\draw [-] (1.4, 1.3) -- (8, 1.3);
\draw [-latexslim] (1.4, 1.3) -- (sw.north);
\draw [-latexslim] (4.6, 1.3) -- (att.west);
\draw [-latexslim] (6.6, 1.3) -- (dds.north);
% Connect sync_buf signal to DDS
\draw [latexslim-] (6.9, -1.35) -- (6.9, -0.35);
\draw [-latexslim] (6.3, -1.35) -- (6.3, -0.35);
\node [label=below:\tiny{Sync Buffer /}] at (6.6, -1.15) {};
\node [label=below:\tiny{Repeaters}] at (6.6, -1.4) {};
\node [label={[rotate=-90]above:\tiny{DDS 0}}] at (6.8, -0.9) {};
\node [label={[rotate=-90]above:\tiny{Only}}] at (6.55, -0.9) {};
\end{scope}
\end{circuitikz}
}
\caption{Simplified DDS Signal Path}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1.8in]{photo4410.jpg}
\caption{Urukul Card photo}
\end{figure}
% For wide tables, a single column layout is better. It can be switched
% page-by-page.
\onecolumn
\section{Electrical Specifications}
\begin{table}[h]
\begin{threeparttable}
\caption{Electrical Characteristics}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{l | c | c c c | c | X}
\thickhline
\textbf{Parameter} & \textbf{Symbol} & \textbf{Min.} & \textbf{Typ.} & \textbf{Max.} &
\textbf{Unit} & \textbf{Conditions} \\
\hline
Output power & $P$ & -19 & & 12.5 & dBm & \\
\hline
Output frequency & $f$ & 1 & & 400 & MHz & \\
\hline
Digital attenuator & & & & & &\\
\hspace{3mm} Range & & -31.5 & & 0 & dB & \\
\hspace{3mm} Glitch duration & & & 100 & & ns & \\
\hline
RF switch & & & & & &\\
\hspace{3mm} Rise to 90\% & $t_{on}$ & & 100 & & ns & \\
\hspace{3mm} Isolation & & & 70 & & dB & \\
\hspace{3mm} Turn-on chirp & $\gamma$ & & & 0.1 & deg/s & Excluding the first $\mu$s\\
\hline
Crosstalk & & & -84 & & dB & victim RF switch opened \\
& & & -110 & & dB & victim RF switch closed \\
\hline
Cross-channel-intermodulation & & & -90 & & dB & \\
\hline
Phase noise & $\mathcal{L}(f)$ & & & & & \makecell[l]{100 MHz ref in, \\1 GHz DDS PLL, \\81 MHz output\\}\\
& & & -85 & & dBc/Hz & 0.1 Hz \\
& & & -95 & & dBc/Hz & 1 Hz \\
& & & -107 & & dBc/Hz & 10 Hz \\
& & & -116 & & dBc/Hz & 100 Hz \\
& & & -126 & & dBc/Hz & 1 kHz \\
& & & -133 & & dBc/Hz & 10 kHz \\
& & & -135 & & dBc/Hz & 100 kHz \\
& & & -128 & & dBc/Hz & 1 MHz \\
& & & -149 & & dBc/Hz & 10 MHz \\
\hline
\thickhline
\end{tabularx}
\end{threeparttable}
\end{table}
\section{Example ARTIQ code}
The sections below demonstrate simple usage scenarios of the 4410 Urukul card with the ARTIQ control system.
They do not exhaustively demonstrate all the features of the ARTIQ system.
The full documentation for the ARTIQ software and gateware is available at \url{https://m-labs.hk}.
% Timing accuracy in the examples below is well under 1 nanosecond thanks to the ARTIQ RTIO system.
\subsection{10 MHz Sinusoidal Wave}
Generate a 10MHz sinusoid from RF0 with full scale amplitude and 0.25 turns phase, attenuated by 6 dB.
Both the CPLD and the DDS channels should be initialized.
\begin{minted}{python}
@kernel
def run(self):
self.core.reset()
self.cpld.init()
self.dds0.init()
self.dds0.cfg_sw(True)
self.dds0.set_att(6.)
self.dds0.set(10*MHz, amplitude=1.0, phase=0.25)
\end{minted}
If the synchronization feature of AD9910 was enabled, RF signal across different channels of the same Urukul can be synchronized.
For example, synchronized RF signal can be produced on both channel 0 and channel 1 after configuring an appropriate phase mode.
\begin{minted}{python}
@kernel
def run(self):
self.core.reset()
self.cpld.init()
self.dds0.init()
self.dds0.cfg_sw(True)
self.dds0.set_phase_mode(PHASE_MODE_TRACKING)
self.dds0.set_att(6.)
self.dds1.init()
self.dds1.cfg_sw(True)
self.dds1.set_phase_mode(PHASE_MODE_TRACKING)
self.dds1.set_att(6.)
self.dds0.set(10*MHz)
self.dds1.set(10*MHz)
\end{minted}
\newpage
\subsection{DDS RAM Modulation}
Only available to AD9910 variants. Set field \texttt{dds} as an Urukul channel, \texttt{cpld} as the corresponding Urukul CPLD.
\begin{minted}{python}
from artiq.coredevice.ad9910 import RAM_MODE_CONT_RAMPUP
@kernel
def run(self):
self.core.reset()
self.core.break_realtime()
self.cpld.init()
self.dds.init()
self.core.break_realtime()
self.profile0_set()
self.dds.set_att(6.)
self.dds.sw.on()
self.cpld.set_profile(0)
@kernel
def profile0_set(self):
self.dds.set_cfr1(ram_enable = 0)
self.cpld.set_profile(0)
amp_ram = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.7, 0.0, 0.7, 0.7] # Reversed Order
asf_ram = [0] * len(amp_ram)
self.dds.set_profile_ram(start=0, end=len(amp_ram)-1,
step=250, profile=0, mode=RAM_MODE_CONT_RAMPUP)
self.cpld.io_update.pulse_mu(8)
self.dds.amplitude_to_ram(amp_ram, asf_ram)
self.dds.write_ram(asf_ram)
self.dds.set_cfr1(ram_enable=1, ram_destination=RAM_DEST_ASF)
self.dds.set_frequency(10*MHz)
self.cpld.io_update.pulse_mu(8)
\end{minted}
\section{Ordering Information}
To order, please visit \url{https://m-labs.hk} and select the 4410 Urukul in the ARTIQ Sinara crate configuration tool. The card may also be ordered separately by writing to \url{mailto:sales@m-labs.hk}.
\section*{}
\vspace*{\fill}
\begin{footnotesize}
Information furnished by M-Labs Limited is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by M-Labs Limited for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
\end{footnotesize}
\end{document}
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