WIP 6

.clang-format

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-BasedOnStyle: LLVM
-
-Language: Cpp
-Standard: Cpp11
-
-AccessModifierOffset: -1
-AlignEscapedNewlines: Left
-AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: None
-AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: Yes
-AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: false
-AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: Inline
-BinPackParameters: false
-BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: NonAssignment
-BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: true
-BreakConstructorInitializers: AfterColon
-BreakInheritanceList: AfterColon
-ColumnLimit: 120
-ConstructorInitializerAllOnOneLineOrOnePerLine: true
-ContinuationIndentWidth: 4
-DerivePointerAlignment: false
-IndentCaseLabels: true
-IndentPPDirectives: None
-IndentWidth: 4
-MaxEmptyLinesToKeep: 1
-PointerAlignment: Left
-ReflowComments: true
-SortIncludes: false
-SortUsingDeclarations: true
-SpaceAfterTemplateKeyword: false
-SpacesBeforeTrailingComments: 2
-TabWidth: 4
-UseTab: Never

.gitignore

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 __pycache__
 /target
-/nac3standalone/demo/linalg/target
 nix/windows/msys2

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -8,17 +8,17 @@ repos:
     hooks:
       - id: nac3-cargo-fmt
         name: nac3 cargo format
-        entry: nix
+        entry: cargo
         language: system
         types: [file, rust]
         pass_filenames: false
         description: Runs cargo fmt on the codebase.
-        args: [develop, -c, cargo, fmt, --all]
+        args: [fmt]
       - id: nac3-cargo-clippy
         name: nac3 cargo clippy
-        entry: nix
+        entry: cargo
         language: system
         types: [file, rust]
         pass_filenames: false
         description: Runs cargo clippy on the codebase.
-        args: [develop, -c, cargo, clippy, --tests]
+        args: [clippy, --tests]

Cargo.lock

@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstream"
-version = "0.6.15"
+version = "0.6.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "64e15c1ab1f89faffbf04a634d5e1962e9074f2741eef6d97f3c4e322426d526"
+checksum = "418c75fa768af9c03be99d17643f93f79bbba589895012a80e3452a19ddda15b"
 dependencies = [
  "anstyle",
  "anstyle-parse",
@@ -41,36 +41,36 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle"
-version = "1.0.8"
+version = "1.0.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1bec1de6f59aedf83baf9ff929c98f2ad654b97c9510f4e70cf6f661d49fd5b1"
+checksum = "038dfcf04a5feb68e9c60b21c9625a54c2c0616e79b72b0fd87075a056ae1d1b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle-parse"
-version = "0.2.5"
+version = "0.2.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eb47de1e80c2b463c735db5b217a0ddc39d612e7ac9e2e96a5aed1f57616c1cb"
+checksum = "c03a11a9034d92058ceb6ee011ce58af4a9bf61491aa7e1e59ecd24bd40d22d4"
 dependencies = [
  "utf8parse",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle-query"
-version = "1.1.1"
+version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6d36fc52c7f6c869915e99412912f22093507da8d9e942ceaf66fe4b7c14422a"
+checksum = "ad186efb764318d35165f1758e7dcef3b10628e26d41a44bc5550652e6804391"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle-wincon"
-version = "3.0.4"
+version = "3.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5bf74e1b6e971609db8ca7a9ce79fd5768ab6ae46441c572e46cf596f59e57f8"
+checksum = "61a38449feb7068f52bb06c12759005cf459ee52bb4adc1d5a7c4322d716fb19"
 dependencies = [
  "anstyle",
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -90,18 +90,18 @@ checksum = "0c4b4d0bd25bd0b74681c0ad21497610ce1b7c91b1022cd21c80c6fbdd9476b0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bit-set"
-version = "0.6.0"
+version = "0.5.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f0481a0e032742109b1133a095184ee93d88f3dc9e0d28a5d033dc77a073f44f"
+checksum = "0700ddab506f33b20a03b13996eccd309a48e5ff77d0d95926aa0210fb4e95f1"
 dependencies = [
  "bit-vec",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bit-vec"
-version = "0.7.0"
+version = "0.6.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d2c54ff287cfc0a34f38a6b832ea1bd8e448a330b3e40a50859e6488bee07f22"
+checksum = "349f9b6a179ed607305526ca489b34ad0a41aed5f7980fa90eb03160b69598fb"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
@@ -109,15 +109,6 @@ version = "2.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b048fb63fd8b5923fc5aa7b340d8e156aec7ec02f0c78fa8a6ddc2613f6f71de"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "block-buffer"
-version = "0.10.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3078c7629b62d3f0439517fa394996acacc5cbc91c5a20d8c658e77abd503a71"
-dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "byteorder"
 version = "1.5.0"
@@ -126,12 +117,9 @@ checksum = "1fd0f2584146f6f2ef48085050886acf353beff7305ebd1ae69500e27c67f64b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.1.18"
+version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b62ac837cdb5cb22e10a256099b4fc502b1dfe560cb282963a974d7abd80e476"
+checksum = "eaff6f8ce506b9773fa786672d63fc7a191ffea1be33f72bbd4aeacefca9ffc8"
-dependencies = [
- "shlex",
-]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
@@ -141,9 +129,9 @@ checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
-version = "4.5.17"
+version = "4.5.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3e5a21b8495e732f1b3c364c9949b201ca7bae518c502c80256c96ad79eaf6ac"
+checksum = "64acc1846d54c1fe936a78dc189c34e28d3f5afc348403f28ecf53660b9b8462"
 dependencies = [
  "clap_builder",
  "clap_derive",
@@ -151,9 +139,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_builder"
-version = "4.5.17"
+version = "4.5.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8cf2dd12af7a047ad9d6da2b6b249759a22a7abc0f474c1dae1777afa4b21a73"
+checksum = "6fb8393d67ba2e7bfaf28a23458e4e2b543cc73a99595511eb207fdb8aede942"
 dependencies = [
  "anstream",
  "anstyle",
@@ -163,27 +151,27 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_derive"
-version = "4.5.13"
+version = "4.5.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "501d359d5f3dcaf6ecdeee48833ae73ec6e42723a1e52419c79abf9507eec0a0"
+checksum = "2bac35c6dafb060fd4d275d9a4ffae97917c13a6327903a8be2153cd964f7085"
 dependencies = [
  "heck 0.5.0",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.70",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_lex"
-version = "0.7.2"
+version = "0.7.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1462739cb27611015575c0c11df5df7601141071f07518d56fcc1be504cbec97"
+checksum = "4b82cf0babdbd58558212896d1a4272303a57bdb245c2bf1147185fb45640e70"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "colorchoice"
-version = "1.0.2"
+version = "1.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d3fd119d74b830634cea2a0f58bbd0d54540518a14397557951e79340abc28c0"
+checksum = "0b6a852b24ab71dffc585bcb46eaf7959d175cb865a7152e35b348d1b2960422"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "console"
@@ -194,16 +182,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "encode_unicode",
  "lazy_static",
  "libc",
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "windows-sys",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "cpufeatures"
-version = "0.2.14"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "608697df725056feaccfa42cffdaeeec3fccc4ffc38358ecd19b243e716a78e0"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -263,24 +242,10 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "22ec99545bb0ed0ea7bb9b8e1e9122ea386ff8a48c0922e43f36d45ab09e0e80"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "crypto-common"
+name = "crunchy"
-version = "0.1.6"
+version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1bfb12502f3fc46cca1bb51ac28df9d618d813cdc3d2f25b9fe775a34af26bb3"
+checksum = "7a81dae078cea95a014a339291cec439d2f232ebe854a9d672b796c6afafa9b7"
-dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
- "typenum",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "digest"
-version = "0.10.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9ed9a281f7bc9b7576e61468ba615a66a5c8cfdff42420a70aa82701a3b1e292"
-dependencies = [
- "block-buffer",
- "crypto-common",
-]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "dirs-next"
@@ -337,14 +302,14 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "534c5cf6194dfab3db3242765c03bbe257cf92f22b38f6bc0c58d59108a820ba"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fastrand"
-version = "2.1.1"
+version = "2.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e8c02a5121d4ea3eb16a80748c74f5549a5665e4c21333c6098f283870fbdea6"
+checksum = "9fc0510504f03c51ada170672ac806f1f105a88aa97a5281117e1ddc3368e51a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fixedbitset"
@@ -361,16 +326,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "byteorder",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "generic-array"
-version = "0.14.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "85649ca51fd72272d7821adaf274ad91c288277713d9c18820d8499a7ff69e9a"
-dependencies = [
- "typenum",
- "version_check",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "getopts"
 version = "0.2.21"
@@ -430,9 +385,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
-version = "2.5.0"
+version = "2.2.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "68b900aa2f7301e21c36462b170ee99994de34dff39a4a6a528e80e7376d07e5"
+checksum = "168fb715dda47215e360912c096649d23d58bf392ac62f73919e831745e40f26"
 dependencies = [
  "equivalent",
  "hashbrown 0.14.5",
@@ -446,9 +401,9 @@ checksum = "b248f5224d1d606005e02c97f5aa4e88eeb230488bcc03bc9ca4d7991399f2b5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "inkwell"
-version = "0.5.0"
+version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "40fb405537710d51f6bdbc8471365ddd4cd6d3a3c3ad6e0c8291691031ba94b2"
+checksum = "b597a7b2cdf279aeef6d7149071e35e4bc87c2cf05a5b7f2d731300bffe587ea"
 dependencies = [
  "either",
  "inkwell_internals",
@@ -460,13 +415,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "inkwell_internals"
-version = "0.10.0"
+version = "0.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9dd28cfd4cfba665d47d31c08a6ba637eed16770abca2eccbbc3ca831fef1e44"
+checksum = "4fa4d8d74483041a882adaa9a29f633253a66dde85055f0495c121620ac484b2"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.70",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -485,9 +440,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "is_terminal_polyfill"
-version = "1.70.1"
+version = "1.70.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7943c866cc5cd64cbc25b2e01621d07fa8eb2a1a23160ee81ce38704e97b8ecf"
+checksum = "f8478577c03552c21db0e2724ffb8986a5ce7af88107e6be5d2ee6e158c12800"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "itertools"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b1c173a5686ce8bfa551b3563d0c2170bf24ca44da99c7ca4bfdab5418c3fe57"
+dependencies = [
+ "either",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
@@ -504,42 +468,33 @@ version = "1.0.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "49f1f14873335454500d59611f1cf4a4b0f786f9ac11f4312a78e4cf2566695b"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "keccak"
-version = "0.1.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ecc2af9a1119c51f12a14607e783cb977bde58bc069ff0c3da1095e635d70654"
-dependencies = [
- "cpufeatures",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "lalrpop"
-version = "0.21.0"
+version = "0.20.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6e56f323e2d610628d1f5bdd39168a774674ac7989ed67011963bb3f71edd797"
+checksum = "55cb077ad656299f160924eb2912aa147d7339ea7d69e1b5517326fdcec3c1ca"
 dependencies = [
  "ascii-canvas",
  "bit-set",
  "ena",
- "itertools",
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
  "lalrpop-util",
  "petgraph",
  "pico-args",
  "regex",
  "regex-syntax",
- "sha3",
  "string_cache",
  "term",
+ "tiny-keccak",
  "unicode-xid",
  "walkdir",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lalrpop-util"
-version = "0.21.0"
+version = "0.20.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "108dc8f5dabad92c65a03523055577d847f5dcc00f3e7d3a68bc4d48e01d8fe1"
+checksum = "507460a910eb7b32ee961886ff48539633b788a36b65692b95f225b844c82553"
 dependencies = [
  "regex-automata",
 ]
@@ -552,15 +507,15 @@ checksum = "bbd2bcb4c963f2ddae06a2efc7e9f3591312473c50c6685e1f298068316e66fe"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.158"
+version = "0.2.155"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d8adc4bb1803a324070e64a98ae98f38934d91957a99cfb3a43dcbc01bc56439"
+checksum = "97b3888a4aecf77e811145cadf6eef5901f4782c53886191b2f693f24761847c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libloading"
-version = "0.8.5"
+version = "0.8.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4979f22fdb869068da03c9f7528f8297c6fd2606bc3a4affe42e6a823fdb8da4"
+checksum = "e310b3a6b5907f99202fcdb4960ff45b93735d7c7d96b760fcff8db2dc0e103d"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "windows-targets",
@@ -636,9 +591,11 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "nac3artiq"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
- "itertools",
+ "inkwell",
+ "itertools 0.13.0",
  "nac3core",
  "nac3ld",
+ "nac3parser",
  "parking_lot",
  "pyo3",
  "tempfile",
@@ -659,11 +616,11 @@ name = "nac3core"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "crossbeam",
- "indexmap 2.5.0",
+ "indexmap 2.2.6",
  "indoc",
  "inkwell",
  "insta",
- "itertools",
+ "itertools 0.13.0",
  "nac3parser",
  "parking_lot",
  "rayon",
@@ -701,7 +658,9 @@ name = "nac3standalone"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
+ "inkwell",
  "nac3core",
+ "nac3parser",
  "parking_lot",
 ]
 
@@ -747,7 +706,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b4c5cc86750666a3ed20bdaf5ca2a0344f9c67674cae0515bec2da16fbaa47db"
 dependencies = [
  "fixedbitset",
- "indexmap 2.5.0",
+ "indexmap 2.2.6",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -790,7 +749,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "phf_shared 0.11.2",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.70",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -819,18 +778,15 @@ checksum = "5be167a7af36ee22fe3115051bc51f6e6c7054c9348e28deb4f49bd6f705a315"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "portable-atomic"
-version = "1.7.0"
+version = "1.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "da544ee218f0d287a911e9c99a39a8c9bc8fcad3cb8db5959940044ecfc67265"
+checksum = "7170ef9988bc169ba16dd36a7fa041e5c4cbeb6a35b76d4c03daded371eae7c0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ppv-lite86"
-version = "0.2.20"
+version = "0.2.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77957b295656769bb8ad2b6a6b09d897d94f05c41b069aede1fcdaa675eaea04"
+checksum = "5b40af805b3121feab8a3c29f04d8ad262fa8e0561883e7653e024ae4479e6de"
-dependencies = [
- "zerocopy",
-]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "precomputed-hash"
@@ -894,7 +850,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "pyo3-macros-backend",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.70",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -907,14 +863,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "pyo3-build-config",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.70",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
-version = "1.0.37"
+version = "1.0.36"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b5b9d34b8991d19d98081b46eacdd8eb58c6f2b201139f7c5f643cc155a633af"
+checksum = "0fa76aaf39101c457836aec0ce2316dbdc3ab723cdda1c6bd4e6ad4208acaca7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
 ]
@@ -971,18 +927,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_syscall"
-version = "0.5.4"
+version = "0.5.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0884ad60e090bf1345b93da0a5de8923c93884cd03f40dfcfddd3b4bee661853"
+checksum = "c82cf8cff14456045f55ec4241383baeff27af886adb72ffb2162f99911de0fd"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_users"
-version = "0.4.6"
+version = "0.4.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ba009ff324d1fc1b900bd1fdb31564febe58a8ccc8a6fdbb93b543d33b13ca43"
+checksum = "bd283d9651eeda4b2a83a43c1c91b266c40fd76ecd39a50a8c630ae69dc72891"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom",
  "libredox",
@@ -991,9 +947,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex"
-version = "1.10.6"
+version = "1.10.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4219d74c6b67a3654a9fbebc4b419e22126d13d2f3c4a07ee0cb61ff79a79619"
+checksum = "b91213439dad192326a0d7c6ee3955910425f441d7038e0d6933b0aec5c4517f"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
@@ -1027,15 +983,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustix"
-version = "0.38.37"
+version = "0.38.34"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8acb788b847c24f28525660c4d7758620a7210875711f79e7f663cc152726811"
+checksum = "70dc5ec042f7a43c4a73241207cecc9873a06d45debb38b329f8541d85c2730f"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
  "errno",
  "libc",
  "linux-raw-sys",
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1073,32 +1029,31 @@ checksum = "61697e0a1c7e512e84a621326239844a24d8207b4669b41bc18b32ea5cbf988b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
-version = "1.0.210"
+version = "1.0.204"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c8e3592472072e6e22e0a54d5904d9febf8508f65fb8552499a1abc7d1078c3a"
+checksum = "bc76f558e0cbb2a839d37354c575f1dc3fdc6546b5be373ba43d95f231bf7c12"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_derive"
-version = "1.0.210"
+version = "1.0.204"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "243902eda00fad750862fc144cea25caca5e20d615af0a81bee94ca738f1df1f"
+checksum = "e0cd7e117be63d3c3678776753929474f3b04a43a080c744d6b0ae2a8c28e222"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.70",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.128"
+version = "1.0.120"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6ff5456707a1de34e7e37f2a6fd3d3f808c318259cbd01ab6377795054b483d8"
+checksum = "4e0d21c9a8cae1235ad58a00c11cb40d4b1e5c784f1ef2c537876ed6ffd8b7c5"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
- "memchr",
  "ryu",
  "serde",
 ]
@@ -1115,27 +1070,11 @@ dependencies = [
  "yaml-rust",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "sha3"
-version = "0.10.8"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "75872d278a8f37ef87fa0ddbda7802605cb18344497949862c0d4dcb291eba60"
-dependencies = [
- "digest",
- "keccak",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "shlex"
-version = "1.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0fda2ff0d084019ba4d7c6f371c95d8fd75ce3524c3cb8fb653a3023f6323e64"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "similar"
-version = "2.6.0"
+version = "2.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1de1d4f81173b03af4c0cbed3c898f6bff5b870e4a7f5d6f4057d62a7a4b686e"
+checksum = "fa42c91313f1d05da9b26f267f931cf178d4aba455b4c4622dd7355eb80c6640"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "siphasher"
@@ -1195,7 +1134,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "rustversion",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.70",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1211,9 +1150,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.77"
+version = "2.0.70"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9f35bcdf61fd8e7be6caf75f429fdca8beb3ed76584befb503b1569faee373ed"
+checksum = "2f0209b68b3613b093e0ec905354eccaedcfe83b8cb37cbdeae64026c3064c16"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -1222,21 +1161,20 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "target-lexicon"
-version = "0.12.16"
+version = "0.12.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "61c41af27dd6d1e27b1b16b489db798443478cef1f06a660c96db617ba5de3b1"
+checksum = "4873307b7c257eddcb50c9bedf158eb669578359fb28428bef438fec8e6ba7c2"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tempfile"
-version = "3.12.0"
+version = "3.10.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "04cbcdd0c794ebb0d4cf35e88edd2f7d2c4c3e9a5a6dab322839b321c6a87a64"
+checksum = "85b77fafb263dd9d05cbeac119526425676db3784113aa9295c88498cbf8bff1"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "fastrand",
- "once_cell",
  "rustix",
- "windows-sys 0.59.0",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1265,29 +1203,32 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
-version = "1.0.63"
+version = "1.0.61"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c0342370b38b6a11b6cc11d6a805569958d54cfa061a29969c3b5ce2ea405724"
+checksum = "c546c80d6be4bc6a00c0f01730c08df82eaa7a7a61f11d656526506112cc1709"
 dependencies = [
  "thiserror-impl",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror-impl"
-version = "1.0.63"
+version = "1.0.61"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a4558b58466b9ad7ca0f102865eccc95938dca1a74a856f2b57b6629050da261"
+checksum = "46c3384250002a6d5af4d114f2845d37b57521033f30d5c3f46c4d70e1197533"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.70",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "typenum"
+name = "tiny-keccak"
-version = "1.17.0"
+version = "2.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "42ff0bf0c66b8238c6f3b578df37d0b7848e55df8577b3f74f92a69acceeb825"
+checksum = "2c9d3793400a45f954c52e73d068316d76b6f4e36977e3fcebb13a2721e80237"
+dependencies = [
+ "crunchy",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unic-char-property"
@@ -1343,9 +1284,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
-version = "1.0.13"
+version = "1.0.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e91b56cd4cadaeb79bbf1a5645f6b4f8dc5bde8834ad5894a8db35fda9efa1fe"
+checksum = "3354b9ac3fae1ff6755cb6db53683adb661634f67557942dea4facebec0fee4b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-width"
@@ -1355,15 +1296,15 @@ checksum = "0336d538f7abc86d282a4189614dfaa90810dfc2c6f6427eaf88e16311dd225d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-xid"
-version = "0.2.5"
+version = "0.2.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "229730647fbc343e3a80e463c1db7f78f3855d3f3739bee0dda773c9a037c90a"
+checksum = "f962df74c8c05a667b5ee8bcf162993134c104e96440b663c8daa176dc772d8c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode_names2"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d1673eca9782c84de5f81b82e4109dcfb3611c8ba0d52930ec4a9478f547b2dd"
+checksum = "addeebf294df7922a1164f729fb27ebbbcea99cc32b3bf08afab62757f707677"
 dependencies = [
  "phf",
  "unicode_names2_generator",
@@ -1371,9 +1312,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode_names2_generator"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b91e5b84611016120197efd7dc93ef76774f4e084cd73c9fb3ea4a86c570c56e"
+checksum = "f444b8bba042fe3c1251ffaca35c603f2dc2ccc08d595c65a8c4f76f3e8426c0"
 dependencies = [
  "getopts",
  "log",
@@ -1395,9 +1336,9 @@ checksum = "06abde3611657adf66d383f00b093d7faecc7fa57071cce2578660c9f1010821"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "version_check"
-version = "0.9.5"
+version = "0.9.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
+checksum = "49874b5167b65d7193b8aba1567f5c7d93d001cafc34600cee003eda787e483f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "walkdir"
@@ -1433,11 +1374,11 @@ checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi-util"
-version = "0.1.9"
+version = "0.1.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cf221c93e13a30d793f7645a0e7762c55d169dbb0a49671918a2319d289b10bb"
+checksum = "4d4cc384e1e73b93bafa6fb4f1df8c41695c8a91cf9c4c64358067d15a7b6c6b"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.59.0",
+ "windows-sys",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1455,15 +1396,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-targets",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "windows-sys"
-version = "0.59.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1e38bc4d79ed67fd075bcc251a1c39b32a1776bbe92e5bef1f0bf1f8c531853b"
-dependencies = [
- "windows-targets",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-targets"
 version = "0.52.6"
@@ -1543,7 +1475,6 @@ version = "0.7.35"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1b9b4fd18abc82b8136838da5d50bae7bdea537c574d8dc1a34ed098d6c166f0"
 dependencies = [
- "byteorder",
  "zerocopy-derive",
 ]
 
@@ -1555,5 +1486,5 @@ checksum = "fa4f8080344d4671fb4e831a13ad1e68092748387dfc4f55e356242fae12ce3e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.77",
+ "syn 2.0.70",
 ]

flake.lock

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
   "nodes": {
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1725432240,
+        "lastModified": 1720418205,
-        "narHash": "sha256-+yj+xgsfZaErbfYM3T+QvEE2hU7UuE+Jf0fJCJ8uPS0=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-cPJoFPXU44GlhWg4pUk9oUPqurPlCFZ11ZQPk21GTPU=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "ad416d066ca1222956472ab7d0555a6946746a80",
+        "rev": "655a58a72a6601292512670343087c2d75d859c1",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {

flake.nix

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
   outputs = { self, nixpkgs }:
     let
       pkgs = import nixpkgs { system = "x86_64-linux"; };
-      pkgs32 = import nixpkgs { system = "i686-linux"; };
     in rec {
       packages.x86_64-linux = rec {
         llvm-nac3 = pkgs.callPackage ./nix/llvm {};
@@ -14,24 +13,9 @@
           ''
           mkdir -p $out/bin
           ln -s ${pkgs.llvmPackages_14.clang-unwrapped}/bin/clang $out/bin/clang-irrt
+          ln -s ${pkgs.llvmPackages_14.clang}/bin/clang $out/bin/clang-irrt-test
           ln -s ${pkgs.llvmPackages_14.llvm.out}/bin/llvm-as $out/bin/llvm-as-irrt
           '';
-        demo-linalg-stub = pkgs.rustPlatform.buildRustPackage {
-          name = "demo-linalg-stub";
-          src = ./nac3standalone/demo/linalg;
-          cargoLock = {
-            lockFile = ./nac3standalone/demo/linalg/Cargo.lock;
-          };
-          doCheck = false;
-        };
-        demo-linalg-stub32 = pkgs32.rustPlatform.buildRustPackage {
-          name = "demo-linalg-stub32";
-          src = ./nac3standalone/demo/linalg;
-          cargoLock = {
-            lockFile = ./nac3standalone/demo/linalg/Cargo.lock;
-          };
-          doCheck = false;
-        };
         nac3artiq = pkgs.python3Packages.toPythonModule (
           pkgs.rustPlatform.buildRustPackage rec {
             name = "nac3artiq";
@@ -40,8 +24,9 @@
             cargoLock = {
               lockFile = ./Cargo.lock;
             };
+            cargoTestFlags = [ "--features" "test" ];
             passthru.cargoLock = cargoLock;
-            nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.python3 (pkgs.wrapClangMulti pkgs.llvmPackages_14.clang) llvm-tools-irrt pkgs.llvmPackages_14.llvm.out llvm-nac3 ];
+            nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.python3 pkgs.llvmPackages_14.clang llvm-tools-irrt pkgs.llvmPackages_14.llvm.out llvm-nac3 ];
             buildInputs = [ pkgs.python3 llvm-nac3 ];
             checkInputs = [ (pkgs.python3.withPackages(ps: [ ps.numpy ps.scipy ])) ];
             checkPhase =
@@ -49,9 +34,7 @@
               echo "Checking nac3standalone demos..."
               pushd nac3standalone/demo
               patchShebangs .
-              export DEMO_LINALG_STUB=${demo-linalg-stub}/lib/liblinalg.a
+              ./check_demos.sh
-              export DEMO_LINALG_STUB32=${demo-linalg-stub32}/lib/liblinalg.a
-              ./check_demos.sh -i686
               popd
               echo "Running Cargo tests..."
               cargoCheckHook
@@ -168,7 +151,7 @@
         buildInputs = with pkgs; [
           # build dependencies
           packages.x86_64-linux.llvm-nac3
-          (pkgs.wrapClangMulti llvmPackages_14.clang) llvmPackages_14.llvm.out  # for running nac3standalone demos
+          llvmPackages_14.clang llvmPackages_14.llvm.out  # for running nac3standalone demos
           packages.x86_64-linux.llvm-tools-irrt
           cargo
           rustc
@@ -180,12 +163,10 @@
           clippy
           pre-commit
           rustfmt
+          rust-analyzer
         ];
-        shellHook =
+        # https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Rust#Shell.nix_example
-          ''
+        RUST_SRC_PATH = "${pkgs.rust.packages.stable.rustPlatform.rustLibSrc}";
-          export DEMO_LINALG_STUB=${packages.x86_64-linux.demo-linalg-stub}/lib/liblinalg.a
-          export DEMO_LINALG_STUB32=${packages.x86_64-linux.demo-linalg-stub32}/lib/liblinalg.a
-          '';
       };
       devShells.x86_64-linux.msys2 = pkgs.mkShell {
         name = "nac3-dev-shell-msys2";

nac3artiq/Cargo.toml

@@ -13,9 +13,14 @@ itertools = "0.13"
 pyo3 = { version = "0.21", features = ["extension-module", "gil-refs"] }
 parking_lot = "0.12"
 tempfile = "3.10"
+nac3parser = { path = "../nac3parser" }
 nac3core = { path = "../nac3core" }
 nac3ld = { path = "../nac3ld" }
 
+[dependencies.inkwell]
+version = "0.4"
+default-features = false
+features = ["llvm14-0", "target-x86", "target-arm", "target-riscv", "no-libffi-linking"]
+
 [features]
 init-llvm-profile = []
-no-escape-analysis = ["nac3core/no-escape-analysis"]

nac3artiq/demo/list_cmp.py

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-from min_artiq import *
-from numpy import int32
-
-
-@nac3
-class EmptyList:
-    core: KernelInvariant[Core]
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.core = Core()
-
-    @rpc
-    def get_empty(self) -> list[int32]:
-        return []
-
-    @kernel
-    def run(self):
-        a: list[int32] = self.get_empty()
-        if a != []:
-            raise ValueError
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    EmptyList().run()

nac3artiq/demo/min_artiq.py

@@ -112,15 +112,10 @@ def extern(function):
     register_function(function)
     return function
 
-
+def rpc(function):
-def rpc(arg=None, flags={}):
+    """Decorates a function declaration defined by the core device runtime."""
-    """Decorates a function or method to be executed on the host interpreter."""
+    register_function(function)
-    if arg is None:
+    return function
-        def inner_decorator(function):
-            return rpc(function, flags)
-        return inner_decorator
-    register_function(arg)
-    return arg
 
 def kernel(function_or_method):
     """Decorates a function or method to be executed on the core device."""

nac3artiq/demo/str_abi.py

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-from min_artiq import *
-from numpy import ndarray, zeros as np_zeros
-
-
-@nac3
-class StrFail:
-    core: KernelInvariant[Core]
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.core = Core()
-
-    @kernel
-    def hello(self, arg: str):
-        pass
-
-    @kernel
-    def consume_ndarray(self, arg: ndarray[str, 1]):
-        pass
-
-    def run(self):
-        self.hello("world")
-        self.consume_ndarray(np_zeros([10], dtype=str))
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    StrFail().run()

nac3artiq/src/lib.rs

@@ -23,10 +23,7 @@ use std::process::Command;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use itertools::Itertools;
+use inkwell::{
-use nac3core::codegen::{gen_func_impl, CodeGenLLVMOptions, CodeGenTargetMachineOptions};
-use nac3core::inkwell::{
-    context::Context,
     memory_buffer::MemoryBuffer,
     module::{Linkage, Module},
     passes::PassBuilderOptions,
@@ -34,10 +31,12 @@ use nac3core::inkwell::{
     targets::*,
     OptimizationLevel,
 };
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use nac3core::codegen::{gen_func_impl, CodeGenLLVMOptions, CodeGenTargetMachineOptions};
 use nac3core::toplevel::builtins::get_exn_constructor;
-use nac3core::typecheck::typedef::{into_var_map, TypeEnum, Unifier, VarMap};
+use nac3core::typecheck::typedef::{TypeEnum, Unifier, VarMap};
-use nac3core::nac3parser::{
+use nac3parser::{
-    ast::{Constant, ExprKind, Located, Stmt, StmtKind, StrRef},
+    ast::{ExprKind, Stmt, StmtKind, StrRef},
     parser::parse_program,
 };
 use pyo3::create_exception;
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ use nac3core::{
     codegen::{concrete_type::ConcreteTypeStore, CodeGenTask, WithCall, WorkerRegistry},
     symbol_resolver::SymbolResolver,
     toplevel::{
-        composer::{BuiltinFuncCreator, BuiltinFuncSpec, ComposerConfig, TopLevelComposer},
+        composer::{ComposerConfig, TopLevelComposer},
         DefinitionId, GenCall, TopLevelDef,
     },
     typecheck::typedef::{FunSignature, FuncArg},
@@ -60,13 +59,13 @@ use nac3core::{
 
 use nac3ld::Linker;
 
+use tempfile::{self, TempDir};
+
+use crate::codegen::attributes_writeback;
 use crate::{
-    codegen::{
+    codegen::{rpc_codegen_callback, ArtiqCodeGenerator},
-        attributes_writeback, gen_core_log, gen_rtio_log, rpc_codegen_callback, ArtiqCodeGenerator,
-    },
     symbol_resolver::{DeferredEvaluationStore, InnerResolver, PythonHelper, Resolver},
 };
-use tempfile::{self, TempDir};
 
 mod codegen;
 mod symbol_resolver;
@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@ struct Nac3 {
     isa: Isa,
     time_fns: &'static (dyn TimeFns + Sync),
     primitive: PrimitiveStore,
-    builtins: Vec<BuiltinFuncSpec>,
+    builtins: Vec<(StrRef, FunSignature, Arc<GenCall>)>,
     pyid_to_def: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<u64, DefinitionId>>>,
     primitive_ids: PrimitivePythonId,
     working_directory: TempDir,
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ impl Nac3 {
                     body.retain(|stmt| {
                         if let StmtKind::FunctionDef { ref decorator_list, .. } = stmt.node {
                             decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| {
-                                if let Some(id) = decorator_id_string(decorator) {
+                                if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = decorator.node {
-                                    id == "kernel" || id == "portable" || id == "rpc"
+                                    id.to_string() == "kernel"
+                                        || id.to_string() == "portable"
+                                        || id.to_string() == "rpc"
                                 } else {
                                     false
                                 }
@@ -208,8 +209,9 @@ impl Nac3 {
                 }
                 StmtKind::FunctionDef { ref decorator_list, .. } => {
                     decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| {
-                        if let Some(id) = decorator_id_string(decorator) {
+                        if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = decorator.node {
-                            id == "extern" || id == "kernel" || id == "portable" || id == "rpc"
+                            let id = id.to_string();
+                            id == "extern" || id == "portable" || id == "kernel" || id == "rpc"
                         } else {
                             false
                         }
@@ -262,7 +264,7 @@ impl Nac3 {
                     arg_names.len(),
                 ));
             }
-            for (i, FuncArg { ty, default_value, name, .. }) in args.iter().enumerate() {
+            for (i, FuncArg { ty, default_value, name }) in args.iter().enumerate() {
                 let in_name = match arg_names.get(i) {
                     Some(n) => n,
                     None if default_value.is_none() => {
@@ -298,64 +300,6 @@ impl Nac3 {
         None
     }
 
-    /// Returns a [`Vec`] of builtins that needs to be initialized during method compilation time.
-    fn get_lateinit_builtins() -> Vec<Box<BuiltinFuncCreator>> {
-        vec![
-            Box::new(|primitives, unifier| {
-                let arg_ty = unifier.get_fresh_var(Some("T".into()), None);
-
-                (
-                    "core_log".into(),
-                    FunSignature {
-                        args: vec![FuncArg {
-                            name: "arg".into(),
-                            ty: arg_ty.ty,
-                            default_value: None,
-                            is_vararg: false,
-                        }],
-                        ret: primitives.none,
-                        vars: into_var_map([arg_ty]),
-                    },
-                    Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(move |ctx, obj, fun, args, generator| {
-                        gen_core_log(ctx, &obj, fun, &args, generator)?;
-
-                        Ok(None)
-                    }))),
-                )
-            }),
-            Box::new(|primitives, unifier| {
-                let arg_ty = unifier.get_fresh_var(Some("T".into()), None);
-
-                (
-                    "rtio_log".into(),
-                    FunSignature {
-                        args: vec![
-                            FuncArg {
-                                name: "channel".into(),
-                                ty: primitives.str,
-                                default_value: None,
-                                is_vararg: false,
-                            },
-                            FuncArg {
-                                name: "arg".into(),
-                                ty: arg_ty.ty,
-                                default_value: None,
-                                is_vararg: false,
-                            },
-                        ],
-                        ret: primitives.none,
-                        vars: into_var_map([arg_ty]),
-                    },
-                    Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(move |ctx, obj, fun, args, generator| {
-                        gen_rtio_log(ctx, &obj, fun, &args, generator)?;
-
-                        Ok(None)
-                    }))),
-                )
-            }),
-        ]
-    }
-
     fn compile_method<T>(
         &self,
         obj: &PyAny,
@@ -368,7 +312,6 @@ impl Nac3 {
         let size_t = self.isa.get_size_type();
         let (mut composer, mut builtins_def, mut builtins_ty) = TopLevelComposer::new(
             self.builtins.clone(),
-            Self::get_lateinit_builtins(),
             ComposerConfig { kernel_ann: Some("Kernel"), kernel_invariant_ann: "KernelInvariant" },
             size_t,
         );
@@ -445,6 +388,7 @@ impl Nac3 {
                         pyid_to_type: pyid_to_type.clone(),
                         primitive_ids: self.primitive_ids.clone(),
                         global_value_ids: global_value_ids.clone(),
+                        class_names: Mutex::default(),
                         name_to_pyid: name_to_pyid.clone(),
                         module: module.clone(),
                         id_to_pyval: RwLock::default(),
@@ -475,25 +419,9 @@ impl Nac3 {
 
             match &stmt.node {
                 StmtKind::FunctionDef { decorator_list, .. } => {
-                    if decorator_list
+                    if decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| matches!(decorator.node, ExprKind::Name { id, .. } if id == "rpc".into())) {
-                        .iter()
+                        store_fun.call1(py, (def_id.0.into_py(py), module.getattr(py, name.to_string().as_str()).unwrap())).unwrap();
-                        .any(|decorator| decorator_id_string(decorator) == Some("rpc".to_string()))
+                        rpc_ids.push((None, def_id));
-                    {
-                        store_fun
-                            .call1(
-                                py,
-                                (
-                                    def_id.0.into_py(py),
-                                    module.getattr(py, name.to_string().as_str()).unwrap(),
-                                ),
-                            )
-                            .unwrap();
-                        let is_async = decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| {
-                            decorator_get_flags(decorator)
-                                .iter()
-                                .any(|constant| *constant == Constant::Str("async".into()))
-                        });
-                        rpc_ids.push((None, def_id, is_async));
                     }
                 }
                 StmtKind::ClassDef { name, body, .. } => {
@@ -501,26 +429,19 @@ impl Nac3 {
                     let class_obj = module.getattr(py, class_name.as_str()).unwrap();
                     for stmt in body {
                         if let StmtKind::FunctionDef { name, decorator_list, .. } = &stmt.node {
-                            if decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| {
+                            if decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| matches!(decorator.node, ExprKind::Name { id, .. } if id == "rpc".into())) {
-                                decorator_id_string(decorator) == Some("rpc".to_string())
-                            }) {
-                                let is_async = decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| {
-                                    decorator_get_flags(decorator)
-                                        .iter()
-                                        .any(|constant| *constant == Constant::Str("async".into()))
-                                });
                                 if name == &"__init__".into() {
                                     return Err(CompileError::new_err(format!(
                                         "compilation failed\n----------\nThe constructor of class {} should not be decorated with rpc decorator (at {})",
                                         class_name, stmt.location
                                     )));
                                 }
-                                rpc_ids.push((Some((class_obj.clone(), *name)), def_id, is_async));
+                                rpc_ids.push((Some((class_obj.clone(), *name)), def_id));
                             }
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                _ => (),
+                _ => ()
             }
 
             let id = *name_to_pyid.get(&name).unwrap();
@@ -559,6 +480,7 @@ impl Nac3 {
             pyid_to_type: pyid_to_type.clone(),
             primitive_ids: self.primitive_ids.clone(),
             global_value_ids: global_value_ids.clone(),
+            class_names: Mutex::default(),
             id_to_pyval: RwLock::default(),
             id_to_primitive: RwLock::default(),
             field_to_val: RwLock::default(),
@@ -575,10 +497,6 @@ impl Nac3 {
             .register_top_level(synthesized.pop().unwrap(), Some(resolver.clone()), "", false)
             .unwrap();
 
-        // Process IRRT
-        let context = Context::create();
-        let irrt = load_irrt(&context, resolver.as_ref());
-
         let fun_signature =
             FunSignature { args: vec![], ret: self.primitive.none, vars: VarMap::new() };
         let mut store = ConcreteTypeStore::new();
@@ -616,12 +534,13 @@ impl Nac3 {
         let top_level = Arc::new(composer.make_top_level_context());
 
         {
+            let rpc_codegen = rpc_codegen_callback();
             let defs = top_level.definitions.read();
-            for (class_data, id, is_async) in &rpc_ids {
+            for (class_data, id) in &rpc_ids {
                 let mut def = defs[id.0].write();
                 match &mut *def {
                     TopLevelDef::Function { codegen_callback, .. } => {
-                        *codegen_callback = Some(rpc_codegen_callback(*is_async));
+                        *codegen_callback = Some(rpc_codegen.clone());
                     }
                     TopLevelDef::Class { methods, .. } => {
                         let (class_def, method_name) = class_data.as_ref().unwrap();
@@ -632,7 +551,7 @@ impl Nac3 {
                             if let TopLevelDef::Function { codegen_callback, .. } =
                                 &mut *defs[id.0].write()
                             {
-                                *codegen_callback = Some(rpc_codegen_callback(*is_async));
+                                *codegen_callback = Some(rpc_codegen.clone());
                                 store_fun
                                     .call1(
                                         py,
@@ -706,9 +625,7 @@ impl Nac3 {
             let buffer = buffer.as_slice().into();
             membuffer.lock().push(buffer);
         })));
-        let size_t = context
+        let size_t = if self.isa == Isa::Host { 64 } else { 32 };
-            .ptr_sized_int_type(&self.get_llvm_target_machine().get_target_data(), None)
-            .get_bit_width();
         let num_threads = if is_multithreaded() { 4 } else { 1 };
         let thread_names: Vec<String> = (0..num_threads).map(|_| "main".to_string()).collect();
         let threads: Vec<_> = thread_names
@@ -725,11 +642,8 @@ impl Nac3 {
 
             let mut generator =
                 ArtiqCodeGenerator::new("attributes_writeback".to_string(), size_t, self.time_fns);
-            let context = Context::create();
+            let context = inkwell::context::Context::create();
             let module = context.create_module("attributes_writeback");
-            let target_machine = self.llvm_options.create_target_machine().unwrap();
-            module.set_data_layout(&target_machine.get_target_data().get_data_layout());
-            module.set_triple(&target_machine.get_triple());
             let builder = context.create_builder();
             let (_, module, _) = gen_func_impl(
                 &context,
@@ -748,7 +662,7 @@ impl Nac3 {
             membuffer.lock().push(buffer);
         });
 
-        // Link all modules into `main`.
+        let context = inkwell::context::Context::create();
         let buffers = membuffers.lock();
         let main = context
             .create_module_from_ir(MemoryBuffer::create_from_memory_range(&buffers[0], "main"))
@@ -777,7 +691,8 @@ impl Nac3 {
             )
             .unwrap();
 
-        main.link_in_module(irrt).map_err(|err| CompileError::new_err(err.to_string()))?;
+        main.link_in_module(load_irrt(&context))
+            .map_err(|err| CompileError::new_err(err.to_string()))?;
 
         let mut function_iter = main.get_first_function();
         while let Some(func) = function_iter {
@@ -863,41 +778,6 @@ impl Nac3 {
     }
 }
 
-/// Retrieves the Name.id from a decorator, supports decorators with arguments.
-fn decorator_id_string(decorator: &Located<ExprKind>) -> Option<String> {
-    if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = decorator.node {
-        // Bare decorator
-        return Some(id.to_string());
-    } else if let ExprKind::Call { func, .. } = &decorator.node {
-        // Decorators that are calls (e.g. "@rpc()") have Call for the node,
-        // need to extract the id from within.
-        if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = func.node {
-            return Some(id.to_string());
-        }
-    }
-    None
-}
-
-/// Retrieves flags from a decorator, if any.
-fn decorator_get_flags(decorator: &Located<ExprKind>) -> Vec<Constant> {
-    let mut flags = vec![];
-    if let ExprKind::Call { keywords, .. } = &decorator.node {
-        for keyword in keywords {
-            if keyword.node.arg != Some("flags".into()) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if let ExprKind::Set { elts } = &keyword.node.value.node {
-                for elt in elts {
-                    if let ExprKind::Constant { value, .. } = &elt.node {
-                        flags.push(value.clone());
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    flags
-}
-
 fn link_with_lld(elf_filename: String, obj_filename: String) -> PyResult<()> {
     let linker_args = vec![
         "-shared".to_string(),
@@ -967,7 +847,7 @@ impl Nac3 {
             Isa::RiscV32IMA => &timeline::NOW_PINNING_TIME_FNS,
             Isa::CortexA9 | Isa::Host => &timeline::EXTERN_TIME_FNS,
         };
-        let (primitive, _) = TopLevelComposer::make_primitives(isa.get_size_type());
+        let primitive: PrimitiveStore = TopLevelComposer::make_primitives(isa.get_size_type()).0;
         let builtins = vec![
             (
                 "now_mu".into(),
@@ -983,7 +863,6 @@ impl Nac3 {
                         name: "t".into(),
                         ty: primitive.int64,
                         default_value: None,
-                        is_vararg: false,
                     }],
                     ret: primitive.none,
                     vars: VarMap::new(),
@@ -1003,7 +882,6 @@ impl Nac3 {
                         name: "dt".into(),
                         ty: primitive.int64,
                         default_value: None,
-                        is_vararg: false,
                     }],
                     ret: primitive.none,
                     vars: VarMap::new(),

nac3artiq/src/symbol_resolver.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
-use crate::PrimitivePythonId;
+use inkwell::{
-use itertools::Itertools;
-use nac3core::inkwell::{
-    module::Linkage,
     types::{BasicType, BasicTypeEnum},
     values::BasicValueEnum,
     AddressSpace,
 };
-use nac3core::nac3parser::ast::{self, StrRef};
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use nac3core::{
     codegen::{
         classes::{NDArrayType, ProxyType},
@@ -23,7 +20,8 @@ use nac3core::{
         typedef::{into_var_map, iter_type_vars, Type, TypeEnum, TypeVar, Unifier, VarMap},
     },
 };
-use parking_lot::RwLock;
+use nac3parser::ast::{self, StrRef};
+use parking_lot::{Mutex, RwLock};
 use pyo3::{
     types::{PyDict, PyTuple},
     PyAny, PyObject, PyResult, Python,
@@ -36,6 +34,8 @@ use std::{
     },
 };
 
+use crate::PrimitivePythonId;
+
 pub enum PrimitiveValue {
     I32(i32),
     I64(i64),
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ pub struct InnerResolver {
     pub id_to_primitive: RwLock<HashMap<u64, PrimitiveValue>>,
     pub field_to_val: RwLock<HashMap<ResolverField, Option<PyFieldHandle>>>,
     pub global_value_ids: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<u64, PyObject>>>,
+    pub class_names: Mutex<HashMap<StrRef, Type>>,
     pub pyid_to_def: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<u64, DefinitionId>>>,
     pub pyid_to_type: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<u64, Type>>>,
     pub primitive_ids: PrimitivePythonId,
@@ -132,8 +133,6 @@ impl StaticValue for PythonValue {
                         format!("{}_const", self.id).as_str(),
                     );
                     global.set_constant(true);
-                    // Set linkage of global to private to avoid name collisions
-                    global.set_linkage(Linkage::Private);
                     global.set_initializer(&ctx.ctx.const_struct(
                         &[ctx.ctx.i32_type().const_int(u64::from(id), false).into()],
                         false,
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ impl StaticValue for PythonValue {
                 PrimitiveValue::Bool(val) => {
                     ctx.ctx.i8_type().const_int(u64::from(*val), false).into()
                 }
-                PrimitiveValue::Str(val) => ctx.gen_string(generator, val).into(),
+                PrimitiveValue::Str(val) => ctx.ctx.const_string(val.as_bytes(), true).into(),
             });
         }
         if let Some(global) = ctx.module.get_global(&self.id.to_string()) {
@@ -352,7 +351,7 @@ impl InnerResolver {
             Ok(Ok((ndarray, false)))
         } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.tuple {
             // do not handle type var param and concrete check here
-            Ok(Ok((unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: vec![], is_vararg_ctx: false }), false)))
+            Ok(Ok((unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: vec![] }), false)))
         } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.option {
             Ok(Ok((primitives.option, false)))
         } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.none {
@@ -556,10 +555,7 @@ impl InnerResolver {
                             Err(err) => return Ok(Err(err)),
                             _ => return Ok(Err("tuple type needs at least 1 type parameters".to_string()))
                         };
-                    Ok(Ok((
+                    Ok(Ok((unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: args }), true)))
-                        unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: args, is_vararg_ctx: false }),
-                        true,
-                    )))
                 }
                 TypeEnum::TObj { params, obj_id, .. } => {
                     let subst = {
@@ -801,9 +797,7 @@ impl InnerResolver {
                     .map(|elem| self.get_obj_type(py, elem, unifier, defs, primitives))
                     .collect();
                 let types = types?;
-                Ok(types.map(|types| {
+                Ok(types.map(|types| unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: types })))
-                    unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: types, is_vararg_ctx: false })
-                }))
             }
             // special handling for option type since its class member layout in python side
             // is special and cannot be mapped directly to a nac3 type as below
@@ -978,7 +972,7 @@ impl InnerResolver {
         } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.string || ty_id == self.primitive_ids.np_str_ {
             let val: String = obj.extract().unwrap();
             self.id_to_primitive.write().insert(id, PrimitiveValue::Str(val.clone()));
-            Ok(Some(ctx.gen_string(generator, val).into()))
+            Ok(Some(ctx.ctx.const_string(val.as_bytes(), true).into()))
         } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.float || ty_id == self.primitive_ids.float64 {
             let val: f64 = obj.extract().unwrap();
             self.id_to_primitive.write().insert(id, PrimitiveValue::F64(val));
@@ -997,15 +991,8 @@ impl InnerResolver {
                 }
                 _ => unreachable!("must be list"),
             };
+            let ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
             let size_t = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-            let ty = if len == 0
-                && matches!(&*ctx.unifier.get_ty_immutable(elem_ty), TypeEnum::TVar { .. })
-            {
-                // The default type for zero-length lists of unknown element type is size_t
-                size_t.into()
-            } else {
-                ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty)
-            };
             let arr_ty = ctx
                 .ctx
                 .struct_type(&[ty.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()).into(), size_t.into()], false);
@@ -1209,9 +1196,7 @@ impl InnerResolver {
             Ok(Some(ndarray.as_pointer_value().into()))
         } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.tuple {
             let expected_ty_enum = ctx.unifier.get_ty_immutable(expected_ty);
-            let TypeEnum::TTuple { ty, is_vararg_ctx: false } = expected_ty_enum.as_ref() else {
+            let TypeEnum::TTuple { ty } = expected_ty_enum.as_ref() else { unreachable!() };
-                unreachable!()
-            };
 
             let tup_tys = ty.iter();
             let elements: &PyTuple = obj.downcast()?;

nac3artiq/src/timeline.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-use itertools::Either;
+use inkwell::{
-use nac3core::codegen::CodeGenContext;
-use nac3core::inkwell::{
     values::{BasicValueEnum, CallSiteValue},
     AddressSpace, AtomicOrdering,
 };
+use itertools::Either;
+use nac3core::codegen::CodeGenContext;
 
 /// Functions for manipulating the timeline.
 pub trait TimeFns {
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ impl TimeFns for NowPinningTimeFns64 {
             .unwrap_or_else(|| ctx.module.add_global(i64_type, None, "now"));
         let now_hiptr = ctx
             .builder
-            .build_bit_cast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
+            .build_bitcast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
             .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
             .unwrap();
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ impl TimeFns for NowPinningTimeFns64 {
             .unwrap_or_else(|| ctx.module.add_global(i64_type, None, "now"));
         let now_hiptr = ctx
             .builder
-            .build_bit_cast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
+            .build_bitcast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
             .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
             .unwrap();
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ impl TimeFns for NowPinningTimeFns64 {
             .unwrap_or_else(|| ctx.module.add_global(i64_type, None, "now"));
         let now_hiptr = ctx
             .builder
-            .build_bit_cast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
+            .build_bitcast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
             .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
             .unwrap();
 
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ impl TimeFns for NowPinningTimeFns {
             .unwrap_or_else(|| ctx.module.add_global(i64_type, None, "now"));
         let now_hiptr = ctx
             .builder
-            .build_bit_cast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
+            .build_bitcast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
             .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
             .unwrap();
 
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ impl TimeFns for NowPinningTimeFns {
         let time_lo = ctx.builder.build_int_truncate(time, i32_type, "time.lo").unwrap();
         let now_hiptr = ctx
             .builder
-            .build_bit_cast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
+            .build_bitcast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
             .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
             .unwrap();
 

nac3core/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
+[features]
+test = []
+
 [package]
 name = "nac3core"
 version = "0.1.0"
 authors = ["M-Labs"]
 edition = "2021"
 
-[features]
-no-escape-analysis = []
-
 [dependencies]
 itertools = "0.13"
 crossbeam = "0.8"
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ indexmap = "2.2"
 parking_lot = "0.12"
 rayon = "1.8"
 nac3parser = { path = "../nac3parser" }
-strum = "0.26"
+strum = "0.26.2"
-strum_macros = "0.26"
+strum_macros = "0.26.4"
 
 [dependencies.inkwell]
-version = "0.5"
+version = "0.4"
 default-features = false
-features = ["llvm14-0-prefer-dynamic", "target-x86", "target-arm", "target-riscv", "no-libffi-linking"]
+features = ["llvm14-0", "target-x86", "target-arm", "target-riscv", "no-libffi-linking"]
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 test-case = "1.2.0"

nac3core/build.rs

@@ -3,56 +3,61 @@ use std::{
     env,
     fs::File,
     io::Write,
-    path::Path,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
     process::{Command, Stdio},
 };
 
-fn main() {
+const CMD_IRRT_CLANG: &str = "clang-irrt";
-    let out_dir = env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap();
+const CMD_IRRT_CLANG_TEST: &str = "clang-irrt-test";
-    let out_dir = Path::new(&out_dir);
+const CMD_IRRT_LLVM_AS: &str = "llvm-as-irrt";
-    let irrt_dir = Path::new("irrt");
 
-    let irrt_cpp_path = irrt_dir.join("irrt.cpp");
+fn get_out_dir() -> PathBuf {
+    PathBuf::from(env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap())
+}
+
+fn get_irrt_dir() -> &'static Path {
+    Path::new("irrt")
+}
+
+/// Compile `irrt.cpp` for use in `src/codegen`
+fn compile_irrt_cpp() {
+    let out_dir = get_out_dir();
+    let irrt_dir = get_irrt_dir();
 
     /*
      * HACK: Sadly, clang doesn't let us emit generic LLVM bitcode.
      * Compiling for WASM32 and filtering the output with regex is the closest we can get.
      */
-    let mut flags: Vec<&str> = vec![
+    let irrt_cpp_path = irrt_dir.join("irrt.cpp");
+    let flags: &[&str] = &[
         "--target=wasm32",
         "-x",
         "c++",
-        "-std=c++20",
         "-fno-discard-value-names",
         "-fno-exceptions",
         "-fno-rtti",
+        match env::var("PROFILE").as_deref() {
+            Ok("debug") => "-O0",
+            Ok("release") => "-O3",
+            flavor => panic!("Unknown or missing build flavor {flavor:?}"),
+        },
         "-emit-llvm",
         "-S",
         "-Wall",
         "-Wextra",
-        "-o",
+        "-Werror=return-type",
-        "-",
         "-I",
         irrt_dir.to_str().unwrap(),
+        "-o",
+        "-",
         irrt_cpp_path.to_str().unwrap(),
     ];
 
-    match env::var("PROFILE").as_deref() {
-        Ok("debug") => {
-            flags.push("-O0");
-            flags.push("-DIRRT_DEBUG_ASSERT");
-        }
-        Ok("release") => {
-            flags.push("-O3");
-        }
-        flavor => panic!("Unknown or missing build flavor {flavor:?}"),
-    }
-
     // Tell Cargo to rerun if any file under `irrt_dir` (recursive) changes
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed={}", irrt_dir.to_str().unwrap());
 
     // Compile IRRT and capture the LLVM IR output
-    let output = Command::new("clang-irrt")
+    let output = Command::new(CMD_IRRT_CLANG)
         .args(flags)
         .output()
         .map(|o| {
@@ -98,7 +103,9 @@ fn main() {
         file.write_all(filtered_output.as_bytes()).unwrap();
     }
 
-    let mut llvm_as = Command::new("llvm-as-irrt")
+    // Assemble the emitted and filtered IR to .bc
+    // That .bc will be integrated into nac3core's codegen
+    let mut llvm_as = Command::new(CMD_IRRT_LLVM_AS)
         .stdin(Stdio::piped())
         .arg("-o")
         .arg(out_dir.join("irrt.bc"))
@@ -107,3 +114,50 @@ fn main() {
     llvm_as.stdin.as_mut().unwrap().write_all(filtered_output.as_bytes()).unwrap();
     assert!(llvm_as.wait().unwrap().success());
 }
+
+/// Compile `irrt_test.cpp` for testing
+fn compile_irrt_test_cpp() {
+    let out_dir = get_out_dir();
+    let irrt_dir = get_irrt_dir();
+
+    let exe_path = out_dir.join("irrt_test.out"); // Output path of the compiled test executable
+    let irrt_test_cpp_path = irrt_dir.join("irrt_test.cpp");
+    let flags: &[&str] = &[
+        irrt_test_cpp_path.to_str().unwrap(),
+        "-x",
+        "c++",
+        "-I",
+        irrt_dir.to_str().unwrap(),
+        "-g",
+        "-fno-discard-value-names",
+        "-O0",
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror=return-type",
+        "-lm", // for `tgamma()`, `lgamma()`
+        "-I",
+        irrt_dir.to_str().unwrap(),
+        "-o",
+        exe_path.to_str().unwrap(),
+    ];
+
+    Command::new(CMD_IRRT_CLANG_TEST)
+        .args(flags)
+        .output()
+        .map(|o| {
+            assert!(o.status.success(), "{}", std::str::from_utf8(&o.stderr).unwrap());
+            o
+        })
+        .unwrap();
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed={}", irrt_dir.to_str().unwrap());
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    compile_irrt_cpp();
+
+    // https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/2549
+    // `cargo test -F test` to also build `irrt_test.cpp
+    if cfg!(feature = "test") {
+        compile_irrt_test_cpp();
+    }
+}

nac3core/irrt/irrt.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
-#include "irrt/exception.hpp"
+#define IRRT_DEFINE_TYPEDEF_INTS
-#include "irrt/int_types.hpp"
+#include <irrt_everything.hpp>
-#include "irrt/list.hpp"
+
-#include "irrt/math.hpp"
+/*
-#include "irrt/ndarray.hpp"
+    All IRRT implementations.
-#include "irrt/slice.hpp"
+
+    We don't have any pre-compiled objects, so we are writing all implementations in headers and
+    concatenate them with `#include` into one massive source file that contains all the IRRT stuff.
+*/

nac3core/irrt/irrt/core.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <irrt/utils.hpp>
+#include <irrt/int_defs.hpp>
+
+// NDArray indices are always `uint32_t`.
+using NDIndex = uint32_t;
+// The type of an index or a value describing the length of a range/slice is always `int32_t`.
+using SliceIndex = int32_t;
+
+namespace {
+// adapted from GNU Scientific Library: https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gsl.git/tree/sys/pow_int.c
+// need to make sure `exp >= 0` before calling this function
+template <typename T>
+T __nac3_int_exp_impl(T base, T exp) {
+    T res = 1;
+    /* repeated squaring method */
+    do {
+        if (exp & 1) {
+            res *= base; /* for n odd */
+        }
+        exp >>= 1;
+        base *= base;
+    } while (exp);
+    return res;
+}
+
+template <typename SizeT>
+SizeT __nac3_ndarray_calc_size_impl(
+    const SizeT* list_data,
+    SizeT list_len,
+    SizeT begin_idx,
+    SizeT end_idx
+) {
+    __builtin_assume(end_idx <= list_len);
+
+    SizeT num_elems = 1;
+    for (SizeT i = begin_idx; i < end_idx; ++i) {
+        SizeT val = list_data[i];
+        __builtin_assume(val > 0);
+        num_elems *= val;
+    }
+    return num_elems;
+}
+
+template <typename SizeT>
+void __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices_impl(
+    SizeT index,
+    const SizeT* dims,
+    SizeT num_dims,
+    NDIndex* idxs
+) {
+    SizeT stride = 1;
+    for (SizeT dim = 0; dim < num_dims; dim++) {
+        SizeT i = num_dims - dim - 1;
+        __builtin_assume(dims[i] > 0);
+        idxs[i] = (index / stride) % dims[i];
+        stride *= dims[i];
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename SizeT>
+SizeT __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index_impl(
+    const SizeT* dims,
+    SizeT num_dims,
+    const NDIndex* indices,
+    SizeT num_indices
+) {
+    SizeT idx = 0;
+    SizeT stride = 1;
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < num_dims; ++i) {
+        SizeT ri = num_dims - i - 1;
+        if (ri < num_indices) {
+            idx += stride * indices[ri];
+        }
+
+        __builtin_assume(dims[i] > 0);
+        stride *= dims[ri];
+    }
+    return idx;
+}
+
+template <typename SizeT>
+void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_impl(
+    const SizeT* lhs_dims,
+    SizeT lhs_ndims,
+    const SizeT* rhs_dims,
+    SizeT rhs_ndims,
+    SizeT* out_dims
+) {
+    SizeT max_ndims = lhs_ndims > rhs_ndims ? lhs_ndims : rhs_ndims;
+
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < max_ndims; ++i) {
+        const SizeT* lhs_dim_sz = i < lhs_ndims ? &lhs_dims[lhs_ndims - i - 1] : nullptr;
+        const SizeT* rhs_dim_sz = i < rhs_ndims ? &rhs_dims[rhs_ndims - i - 1] : nullptr;
+        SizeT* out_dim = &out_dims[max_ndims - i - 1];
+
+        if (lhs_dim_sz == nullptr) {
+            *out_dim = *rhs_dim_sz;
+        } else if (rhs_dim_sz == nullptr) {
+            *out_dim = *lhs_dim_sz;
+        } else if (*lhs_dim_sz == 1) {
+            *out_dim = *rhs_dim_sz;
+        } else if (*rhs_dim_sz == 1) {
+            *out_dim = *lhs_dim_sz;
+        } else if (*lhs_dim_sz == *rhs_dim_sz) {
+            *out_dim = *lhs_dim_sz;
+        } else {
+            __builtin_unreachable();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename SizeT>
+void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx_impl(
+    const SizeT* src_dims,
+    SizeT src_ndims,
+    const NDIndex* in_idx,
+    NDIndex* out_idx
+) {
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < src_ndims; ++i) {
+        SizeT src_i = src_ndims - i - 1;
+        out_idx[src_i] = src_dims[src_i] == 1 ? 0 : in_idx[src_i];
+    }
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+extern "C" {
+#define DEF_nac3_int_exp_(T) \
+    T __nac3_int_exp_##T(T base, T exp) {\
+        return __nac3_int_exp_impl(base, exp);\
+    }
+
+DEF_nac3_int_exp_(int32_t)
+DEF_nac3_int_exp_(int64_t)
+DEF_nac3_int_exp_(uint32_t)
+DEF_nac3_int_exp_(uint64_t)
+
+SliceIndex __nac3_slice_index_bound(SliceIndex i, const SliceIndex len) {
+    if (i < 0) {
+        i = len + i;
+    }
+    if (i < 0) {
+        return 0;
+    } else if (i > len) {
+        return len;
+    }
+    return i;
+}
+
+SliceIndex __nac3_range_slice_len(
+    const SliceIndex start,
+    const SliceIndex end,
+    const SliceIndex step
+) {
+    SliceIndex diff = end - start;
+    if (diff > 0 && step > 0) {
+        return ((diff - 1) / step) + 1;
+    } else if (diff < 0 && step < 0) {
+        return ((diff + 1) / step) + 1;
+    } else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+// Handle list assignment and dropping part of the list when
+// both dest_step and src_step are +1.
+// - All the index must *not* be out-of-bound or negative,
+// - The end index is *inclusive*,
+// - The length of src and dest slice size should already
+// be checked: if dest.step == 1 then len(src) <= len(dest) else len(src) == len(dest)
+SliceIndex __nac3_list_slice_assign_var_size(
+    SliceIndex dest_start,
+    SliceIndex dest_end,
+    SliceIndex dest_step,
+    uint8_t* dest_arr,
+    SliceIndex dest_arr_len,
+    SliceIndex src_start,
+    SliceIndex src_end,
+    SliceIndex src_step,
+    uint8_t* src_arr,
+    SliceIndex src_arr_len,
+    const SliceIndex size
+) {
+    /* if dest_arr_len == 0, do nothing since we do not support extending list */
+    if (dest_arr_len == 0) return dest_arr_len;
+    /* if both step is 1, memmove directly, handle the dropping of the list, and shrink size */
+    if (src_step == dest_step && dest_step == 1) {
+        const SliceIndex src_len = (src_end >= src_start) ? (src_end - src_start + 1) : 0;
+        const SliceIndex dest_len = (dest_end >= dest_start) ? (dest_end - dest_start + 1) : 0;
+        if (src_len > 0) {
+            __builtin_memmove(
+                dest_arr + dest_start * size,
+                src_arr + src_start * size,
+                src_len * size
+            );
+        }
+        if (dest_len > 0) {
+            /* dropping */
+            __builtin_memmove(
+                dest_arr + (dest_start + src_len) * size,
+                dest_arr + (dest_end + 1) * size,
+                (dest_arr_len - dest_end - 1) * size
+            );
+        }
+        /* shrink size */
+        return dest_arr_len - (dest_len - src_len);
+    }
+    /* if two range overlaps, need alloca */
+    uint8_t need_alloca =
+        (dest_arr == src_arr)
+        && !(
+            max(dest_start, dest_end) < min(src_start, src_end)
+            || max(src_start, src_end) < min(dest_start, dest_end)
+        );
+    if (need_alloca) {
+        uint8_t* tmp = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(__builtin_alloca(src_arr_len * size));
+        __builtin_memcpy(tmp, src_arr, src_arr_len * size);
+        src_arr = tmp;
+    }
+    SliceIndex src_ind = src_start;
+    SliceIndex dest_ind = dest_start;
+    for (;
+        (src_step > 0) ? (src_ind <= src_end) : (src_ind >= src_end);
+        src_ind += src_step, dest_ind += dest_step
+    ) {
+        /* for constant optimization */
+        if (size == 1) {
+            __builtin_memcpy(dest_arr + dest_ind, src_arr + src_ind, 1);
+        } else if (size == 4) {
+            __builtin_memcpy(dest_arr + dest_ind * 4, src_arr + src_ind * 4, 4);
+        } else if (size == 8) {
+            __builtin_memcpy(dest_arr + dest_ind * 8, src_arr + src_ind * 8, 8);
+        } else {
+            /* memcpy for var size, cannot overlap after previous alloca */
+            __builtin_memcpy(dest_arr + dest_ind * size, src_arr + src_ind * size, size);
+        }
+    }
+    /* only dest_step == 1 can we shrink the dest list. */
+    /* size should be ensured prior to calling this function */
+    if (dest_step == 1 && dest_end >= dest_start) {
+        __builtin_memmove(
+            dest_arr + dest_ind * size,
+            dest_arr + (dest_end + 1) * size,
+            (dest_arr_len - dest_end - 1) * size
+        );
+        return dest_arr_len - (dest_end - dest_ind) - 1;
+    }
+    return dest_arr_len;
+}
+
+int32_t __nac3_isinf(double x) {
+    return __builtin_isinf(x);
+}
+
+int32_t __nac3_isnan(double x) {
+    return __builtin_isnan(x);
+}
+
+double tgamma(double arg);
+
+double __nac3_gamma(double z) {
+    // Handling for denormals
+    //     | x                 | Python gamma(x) | C tgamma(x) |
+    // --- | ----------------- | --------------- | ----------- |
+    // (1) | nan               | nan             | nan         |
+    // (2) | -inf              | -inf            | inf         |
+    // (3) | inf               | inf             | inf         |
+    // (4) | 0.0               | inf             | inf         |
+    // (5) | {-1.0, -2.0, ...} | inf             | nan         |
+
+    // (1)-(3)
+    if (__builtin_isinf(z) || __builtin_isnan(z)) {
+        return z;
+    }
+
+    double v = tgamma(z);
+
+    // (4)-(5)
+    return __builtin_isinf(v) || __builtin_isnan(v) ? __builtin_inf() : v;
+}
+
+double lgamma(double arg);
+
+double __nac3_gammaln(double x) {
+    // libm's handling of value overflows differs from scipy:
+    // - scipy: gammaln(-inf) -> -inf
+    // - libm : lgamma(-inf) -> inf
+
+    if (__builtin_isinf(x)) {
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    return lgamma(x);
+}
+
+double j0(double x);
+
+double __nac3_j0(double x) {
+    // libm's handling of value overflows differs from scipy:
+    // - scipy: j0(inf) -> nan
+    // - libm : j0(inf) -> 0.0
+
+    if (__builtin_isinf(x)) {
+        return __builtin_nan("");
+    }
+
+    return j0(x);
+}
+
+uint32_t __nac3_ndarray_calc_size(
+    const uint32_t* list_data,
+    uint32_t list_len,
+    uint32_t begin_idx,
+    uint32_t end_idx
+) {
+    return __nac3_ndarray_calc_size_impl(list_data, list_len, begin_idx, end_idx);
+}
+
+uint64_t __nac3_ndarray_calc_size64(
+    const uint64_t* list_data,
+    uint64_t list_len,
+    uint64_t begin_idx,
+    uint64_t end_idx
+) {
+    return __nac3_ndarray_calc_size_impl(list_data, list_len, begin_idx, end_idx);
+}
+
+void __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices(
+    uint32_t index,
+    const uint32_t* dims,
+    uint32_t num_dims,
+    NDIndex* idxs
+) {
+    __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices_impl(index, dims, num_dims, idxs);
+}
+
+void __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices64(
+    uint64_t index,
+    const uint64_t* dims,
+    uint64_t num_dims,
+    NDIndex* idxs
+) {
+    __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices_impl(index, dims, num_dims, idxs);
+}
+
+uint32_t __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index(
+    const uint32_t* dims,
+    uint32_t num_dims,
+    const NDIndex* indices,
+    uint32_t num_indices
+) {
+    return __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index_impl(dims, num_dims, indices, num_indices);
+}
+
+uint64_t __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index64(
+    const uint64_t* dims,
+    uint64_t num_dims,
+    const NDIndex* indices,
+    uint64_t num_indices
+) {
+    return __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index_impl(dims, num_dims, indices, num_indices);
+}
+
+void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast(
+    const uint32_t* lhs_dims,
+    uint32_t lhs_ndims,
+    const uint32_t* rhs_dims,
+    uint32_t rhs_ndims,
+    uint32_t* out_dims
+) {
+    return __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_impl(lhs_dims, lhs_ndims, rhs_dims, rhs_ndims, out_dims);
+}
+
+void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast64(
+    const uint64_t* lhs_dims,
+    uint64_t lhs_ndims,
+    const uint64_t* rhs_dims,
+    uint64_t rhs_ndims,
+    uint64_t* out_dims
+) {
+    return __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_impl(lhs_dims, lhs_ndims, rhs_dims, rhs_ndims, out_dims);
+}
+
+void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx(
+    const uint32_t* src_dims,
+    uint32_t src_ndims,
+    const NDIndex* in_idx,
+    NDIndex* out_idx
+) {
+    __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx_impl(src_dims, src_ndims, in_idx, out_idx);
+}
+
+void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx64(
+    const uint64_t* src_dims,
+    uint64_t src_ndims,
+    const NDIndex* in_idx,
+    NDIndex* out_idx
+) {
+    __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx_impl(src_dims, src_ndims, in_idx, out_idx);
+}
+}  // extern "C"

nac3core/irrt/irrt/cslice.hpp

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "irrt/int_types.hpp"
-
-template<typename SizeT>
-struct CSlice {
-    uint8_t* base;
-    SizeT len;
-};

nac3core/irrt/irrt/debug.hpp

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-// Set in nac3core/build.rs
-#ifdef IRRT_DEBUG_ASSERT
-#define IRRT_DEBUG_ASSERT_BOOL true
-#else
-#define IRRT_DEBUG_ASSERT_BOOL false
-#endif
-
-#define raise_debug_assert(SizeT, msg, param1, param2, param3) \
-    raise_exception(SizeT, EXN_ASSERTION_ERROR, "IRRT debug assert failed: " msg, param1, param2, param3)
-
-#define debug_assert_eq(SizeT, lhs, rhs)                                           \
-    if constexpr (IRRT_DEBUG_ASSERT_BOOL) {                                        \
-        if ((lhs) != (rhs)) {                                                      \
-            raise_debug_assert(SizeT, "LHS = {0}. RHS = {1}", lhs, rhs, NO_PARAM); \
-        }                                                                          \
-    }
-
-#define debug_assert(SizeT, expr)                                                  \
-    if constexpr (IRRT_DEBUG_ASSERT_BOOL) {                                        \
-        if (!(expr)) {                                                             \
-            raise_debug_assert(SizeT, "Got false.", NO_PARAM, NO_PARAM, NO_PARAM); \
-        }                                                                          \
-    }

nac3core/irrt/irrt/error_context.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <irrt/int_defs.hpp>
+#include <irrt/utils.hpp>
+
+namespace {
+// nac3core's "str" struct type definition
+template <typename SizeT>
+struct Str {
+    const char* content;
+    SizeT length;
+};
+
+// A limited set of errors IRRT could use.
+typedef uint32_t ErrorId;
+struct ErrorIds {
+    ErrorId index_error;
+    ErrorId value_error;
+    ErrorId assertion_error;
+    ErrorId runtime_error;
+};
+
+struct ErrorContext {
+    // Context
+    ErrorIds* error_ids;
+
+    // Error thrown by IRRT
+    ErrorId error_id;
+    const char* message_template; // MUST BE `&'static`
+    uint64_t param1;
+    uint64_t param2;
+    uint64_t param3;
+
+    void initialize(ErrorIds* error_ids) {
+        this->error_ids = error_ids;
+        clear_error();
+    }
+
+    void clear_error() {
+        // Point the message_template to an empty str. Don't set it to nullptr as a sentinel
+        this->message_template = "";
+    }
+
+    void set_error(ErrorId error_id, const char* message, uint64_t param1 = 0, uint64_t param2 = 0, uint64_t param3 = 0) {
+        this->error_id = error_id;
+        this->message_template = message;
+        this->param1 = param1;
+        this->param2 = param2;
+        this->param3 = param3;
+    }
+
+    bool has_error() {
+        return !cstr_utils::is_empty(message_template);
+    }
+
+    template <typename SizeT>
+    void set_error_str(Str<SizeT> *dst_str) {
+        dst_str->content = message_template;
+        dst_str->length = (SizeT) cstr_utils::length(message_template);
+    }
+};
+}
+
+extern "C" {
+
+void __nac3_error_context_initialize(ErrorContext* errctx, ErrorIds* error_ids) {
+    errctx->initialize(error_ids);
+}
+
+uint8_t __nac3_error_context_has_no_error(ErrorContext* errctx) {
+    return !errctx->has_error();
+}
+
+void __nac3_error_context_get_error_str(ErrorContext* errctx, Str<int32_t> *dst_str) {
+    errctx->set_error_str<int32_t>(dst_str);
+}
+
+void __nac3_error_context_get_error_str64(ErrorContext* errctx, Str<int64_t> *dst_str) {
+    errctx->set_error_str<int64_t>(dst_str);
+}
+
+void __nac3_error_dummy_raise(ErrorContext* errctx) {
+    errctx->set_error(errctx->error_ids->runtime_error, "THROWN FROM __nac3_error_dummy_raise!!!!!!");
+}
+}

nac3core/irrt/irrt/exception.hpp

@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "irrt/cslice.hpp"
-#include "irrt/int_types.hpp"
-
-/**
- * @brief The int type of ARTIQ exception IDs.
- */
-typedef int32_t ExceptionId;
-
-/*
- * Set of exceptions C++ IRRT can use.
- * Must be synchronized with `setup_irrt_exceptions` in `nac3core/src/codegen/irrt/mod.rs`.
- */
-extern "C" {
-ExceptionId EXN_INDEX_ERROR;
-ExceptionId EXN_VALUE_ERROR;
-ExceptionId EXN_ASSERTION_ERROR;
-ExceptionId EXN_TYPE_ERROR;
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Extern function to `__nac3_raise`
- *
- * The parameter `err` could be `Exception<int32_t>` or `Exception<int64_t>`. The caller
- * must make sure to pass `Exception`s with the correct `SizeT` depending on the `size_t` of the runtime.
- */
-extern "C" void __nac3_raise(void* err);
-
-namespace {
-/**
- * @brief NAC3's Exception struct
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-struct Exception {
-    ExceptionId id;
-    CSlice<SizeT> filename;
-    int32_t line;
-    int32_t column;
-    CSlice<SizeT> function;
-    CSlice<SizeT> msg;
-    int64_t params[3];
-};
-
-constexpr int64_t NO_PARAM = 0;
-
-template<typename SizeT>
-void _raise_exception_helper(ExceptionId id,
-                             const char* filename,
-                             int32_t line,
-                             const char* function,
-                             const char* msg,
-                             int64_t param0,
-                             int64_t param1,
-                             int64_t param2) {
-    Exception<SizeT> e = {
-        .id = id,
-        .filename = {.base = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(filename), .len = __builtin_strlen(filename)},
-        .line = line,
-        .column = 0,
-        .function = {.base = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(function), .len = __builtin_strlen(function)},
-        .msg = {.base = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(msg), .len = __builtin_strlen(msg)},
-    };
-    e.params[0] = param0;
-    e.params[1] = param1;
-    e.params[2] = param2;
-    __nac3_raise(reinterpret_cast<void*>(&e));
-    __builtin_unreachable();
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Raise an exception with location details (location in the IRRT source files).
- * @param SizeT The runtime `size_t` type.
- * @param id The ID of the exception to raise.
- * @param msg A global constant C-string of the error message.
- *
- * `param0` to `param2` are optional format arguments of `msg`. They should be set to
- * `NO_PARAM` to indicate they are unused.
- */
-#define raise_exception(SizeT, id, msg, param0, param1, param2) \
-    _raise_exception_helper<SizeT>(id, __FILE__, __LINE__, __FUNCTION__, msg, param0, param1, param2)
-}  // namespace

nac3core/irrt/irrt/int_defs.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// This is made toggleable since `irrt_test.cpp` itself would include
+// headers that define these typedefs
+#ifdef IRRT_DEFINE_TYPEDEF_INTS
+typedef _BitInt(8) int8_t;
+typedef unsigned _BitInt(8) uint8_t;
+typedef _BitInt(32) int32_t;
+typedef unsigned _BitInt(32) uint32_t;
+typedef _BitInt(64) int64_t;
+typedef unsigned _BitInt(64) uint64_t;
+#endif

nac3core/irrt/irrt/int_types.hpp

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 202000
-using int8_t = _BitInt(8);
-using uint8_t = unsigned _BitInt(8);
-using int32_t = _BitInt(32);
-using uint32_t = unsigned _BitInt(32);
-using int64_t = _BitInt(64);
-using uint64_t = unsigned _BitInt(64);
-#else
-using int8_t = _ExtInt(8);
-using uint8_t = unsigned _ExtInt(8);
-using int32_t = _ExtInt(32);
-using uint32_t = unsigned _ExtInt(32);
-using int64_t = _ExtInt(64);
-using uint64_t = unsigned _ExtInt(64);
-#endif
-
-// NDArray indices are always `uint32_t`.
-using NDIndex = uint32_t;
-// The type of an index or a value describing the length of a range/slice is always `int32_t`.
-using SliceIndex = int32_t;

nac3core/irrt/irrt/list.hpp

@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "irrt/int_types.hpp"
-#include "irrt/math_util.hpp"
-
-extern "C" {
-// Handle list assignment and dropping part of the list when
-// both dest_step and src_step are +1.
-// - All the index must *not* be out-of-bound or negative,
-// - The end index is *inclusive*,
-// - The length of src and dest slice size should already
-// be checked: if dest.step == 1 then len(src) <= len(dest) else len(src) == len(dest)
-SliceIndex __nac3_list_slice_assign_var_size(SliceIndex dest_start,
-                                             SliceIndex dest_end,
-                                             SliceIndex dest_step,
-                                             uint8_t* dest_arr,
-                                             SliceIndex dest_arr_len,
-                                             SliceIndex src_start,
-                                             SliceIndex src_end,
-                                             SliceIndex src_step,
-                                             uint8_t* src_arr,
-                                             SliceIndex src_arr_len,
-                                             const SliceIndex size) {
-    /* if dest_arr_len == 0, do nothing since we do not support extending list */
-    if (dest_arr_len == 0)
-        return dest_arr_len;
-    /* if both step is 1, memmove directly, handle the dropping of the list, and shrink size */
-    if (src_step == dest_step && dest_step == 1) {
-        const SliceIndex src_len = (src_end >= src_start) ? (src_end - src_start + 1) : 0;
-        const SliceIndex dest_len = (dest_end >= dest_start) ? (dest_end - dest_start + 1) : 0;
-        if (src_len > 0) {
-            __builtin_memmove(dest_arr + dest_start * size, src_arr + src_start * size, src_len * size);
-        }
-        if (dest_len > 0) {
-            /* dropping */
-            __builtin_memmove(dest_arr + (dest_start + src_len) * size, dest_arr + (dest_end + 1) * size,
-                              (dest_arr_len - dest_end - 1) * size);
-        }
-        /* shrink size */
-        return dest_arr_len - (dest_len - src_len);
-    }
-    /* if two range overlaps, need alloca */
-    uint8_t need_alloca = (dest_arr == src_arr)
-                          && !(max(dest_start, dest_end) < min(src_start, src_end)
-                               || max(src_start, src_end) < min(dest_start, dest_end));
-    if (need_alloca) {
-        uint8_t* tmp = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(__builtin_alloca(src_arr_len * size));
-        __builtin_memcpy(tmp, src_arr, src_arr_len * size);
-        src_arr = tmp;
-    }
-    SliceIndex src_ind = src_start;
-    SliceIndex dest_ind = dest_start;
-    for (; (src_step > 0) ? (src_ind <= src_end) : (src_ind >= src_end); src_ind += src_step, dest_ind += dest_step) {
-        /* for constant optimization */
-        if (size == 1) {
-            __builtin_memcpy(dest_arr + dest_ind, src_arr + src_ind, 1);
-        } else if (size == 4) {
-            __builtin_memcpy(dest_arr + dest_ind * 4, src_arr + src_ind * 4, 4);
-        } else if (size == 8) {
-            __builtin_memcpy(dest_arr + dest_ind * 8, src_arr + src_ind * 8, 8);
-        } else {
-            /* memcpy for var size, cannot overlap after previous alloca */
-            __builtin_memcpy(dest_arr + dest_ind * size, src_arr + src_ind * size, size);
-        }
-    }
-    /* only dest_step == 1 can we shrink the dest list. */
-    /* size should be ensured prior to calling this function */
-    if (dest_step == 1 && dest_end >= dest_start) {
-        __builtin_memmove(dest_arr + dest_ind * size, dest_arr + (dest_end + 1) * size,
-                          (dest_arr_len - dest_end - 1) * size);
-        return dest_arr_len - (dest_end - dest_ind) - 1;
-    }
-    return dest_arr_len;
-}
-}  // extern "C"

nac3core/irrt/irrt/math.hpp

@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-namespace {
-// adapted from GNU Scientific Library: https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gsl.git/tree/sys/pow_int.c
-// need to make sure `exp >= 0` before calling this function
-template<typename T>
-T __nac3_int_exp_impl(T base, T exp) {
-    T res = 1;
-    /* repeated squaring method */
-    do {
-        if (exp & 1) {
-            res *= base; /* for n odd */
-        }
-        exp >>= 1;
-        base *= base;
-    } while (exp);
-    return res;
-}
-}  // namespace
-
-#define DEF_nac3_int_exp_(T)                   \
-    T __nac3_int_exp_##T(T base, T exp) {      \
-        return __nac3_int_exp_impl(base, exp); \
-    }
-
-extern "C" {
-
-// Putting semicolons here to make clang-format not reformat this into
-// a stair shape.
-DEF_nac3_int_exp_(int32_t);
-DEF_nac3_int_exp_(int64_t);
-DEF_nac3_int_exp_(uint32_t);
-DEF_nac3_int_exp_(uint64_t);
-
-int32_t __nac3_isinf(double x) {
-    return __builtin_isinf(x);
-}
-
-int32_t __nac3_isnan(double x) {
-    return __builtin_isnan(x);
-}
-
-double tgamma(double arg);
-
-double __nac3_gamma(double z) {
-    // Handling for denormals
-    //     | x                 | Python gamma(x) | C tgamma(x) |
-    // --- | ----------------- | --------------- | ----------- |
-    // (1) | nan               | nan             | nan         |
-    // (2) | -inf              | -inf            | inf         |
-    // (3) | inf               | inf             | inf         |
-    // (4) | 0.0               | inf             | inf         |
-    // (5) | {-1.0, -2.0, ...} | inf             | nan         |
-
-    // (1)-(3)
-    if (__builtin_isinf(z) || __builtin_isnan(z)) {
-        return z;
-    }
-
-    double v = tgamma(z);
-
-    // (4)-(5)
-    return __builtin_isinf(v) || __builtin_isnan(v) ? __builtin_inf() : v;
-}
-
-double lgamma(double arg);
-
-double __nac3_gammaln(double x) {
-    // libm's handling of value overflows differs from scipy:
-    // - scipy: gammaln(-inf) -> -inf
-    // - libm : lgamma(-inf) -> inf
-
-    if (__builtin_isinf(x)) {
-        return x;
-    }
-
-    return lgamma(x);
-}
-
-double j0(double x);
-
-double __nac3_j0(double x) {
-    // libm's handling of value overflows differs from scipy:
-    // - scipy: j0(inf) -> nan
-    // - libm : j0(inf) -> 0.0
-
-    if (__builtin_isinf(x)) {
-        return __builtin_nan("");
-    }
-
-    return j0(x);
-}
-}

nac3core/irrt/irrt/math_util.hpp

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-namespace {
-template<typename T>
-const T& max(const T& a, const T& b) {
-    return a > b ? a : b;
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-const T& min(const T& a, const T& b) {
-    return a > b ? b : a;
-}
-}  // namespace

nac3core/irrt/irrt/ndarray.hpp

@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "irrt/int_types.hpp"
-
-namespace {
-template<typename SizeT>
-SizeT __nac3_ndarray_calc_size_impl(const SizeT* list_data, SizeT list_len, SizeT begin_idx, SizeT end_idx) {
-    __builtin_assume(end_idx <= list_len);
-
-    SizeT num_elems = 1;
-    for (SizeT i = begin_idx; i < end_idx; ++i) {
-        SizeT val = list_data[i];
-        __builtin_assume(val > 0);
-        num_elems *= val;
-    }
-    return num_elems;
-}
-
-template<typename SizeT>
-void __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices_impl(SizeT index, const SizeT* dims, SizeT num_dims, NDIndex* idxs) {
-    SizeT stride = 1;
-    for (SizeT dim = 0; dim < num_dims; dim++) {
-        SizeT i = num_dims - dim - 1;
-        __builtin_assume(dims[i] > 0);
-        idxs[i] = (index / stride) % dims[i];
-        stride *= dims[i];
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename SizeT>
-SizeT __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index_impl(const SizeT* dims, SizeT num_dims, const NDIndex* indices, SizeT num_indices) {
-    SizeT idx = 0;
-    SizeT stride = 1;
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < num_dims; ++i) {
-        SizeT ri = num_dims - i - 1;
-        if (ri < num_indices) {
-            idx += stride * indices[ri];
-        }
-
-        __builtin_assume(dims[i] > 0);
-        stride *= dims[ri];
-    }
-    return idx;
-}
-
-template<typename SizeT>
-void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_impl(const SizeT* lhs_dims,
-                                        SizeT lhs_ndims,
-                                        const SizeT* rhs_dims,
-                                        SizeT rhs_ndims,
-                                        SizeT* out_dims) {
-    SizeT max_ndims = lhs_ndims > rhs_ndims ? lhs_ndims : rhs_ndims;
-
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < max_ndims; ++i) {
-        const SizeT* lhs_dim_sz = i < lhs_ndims ? &lhs_dims[lhs_ndims - i - 1] : nullptr;
-        const SizeT* rhs_dim_sz = i < rhs_ndims ? &rhs_dims[rhs_ndims - i - 1] : nullptr;
-        SizeT* out_dim = &out_dims[max_ndims - i - 1];
-
-        if (lhs_dim_sz == nullptr) {
-            *out_dim = *rhs_dim_sz;
-        } else if (rhs_dim_sz == nullptr) {
-            *out_dim = *lhs_dim_sz;
-        } else if (*lhs_dim_sz == 1) {
-            *out_dim = *rhs_dim_sz;
-        } else if (*rhs_dim_sz == 1) {
-            *out_dim = *lhs_dim_sz;
-        } else if (*lhs_dim_sz == *rhs_dim_sz) {
-            *out_dim = *lhs_dim_sz;
-        } else {
-            __builtin_unreachable();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename SizeT>
-void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx_impl(const SizeT* src_dims,
-                                            SizeT src_ndims,
-                                            const NDIndex* in_idx,
-                                            NDIndex* out_idx) {
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < src_ndims; ++i) {
-        SizeT src_i = src_ndims - i - 1;
-        out_idx[src_i] = src_dims[src_i] == 1 ? 0 : in_idx[src_i];
-    }
-}
-}  // namespace
-
-extern "C" {
-uint32_t __nac3_ndarray_calc_size(const uint32_t* list_data, uint32_t list_len, uint32_t begin_idx, uint32_t end_idx) {
-    return __nac3_ndarray_calc_size_impl(list_data, list_len, begin_idx, end_idx);
-}
-
-uint64_t
-__nac3_ndarray_calc_size64(const uint64_t* list_data, uint64_t list_len, uint64_t begin_idx, uint64_t end_idx) {
-    return __nac3_ndarray_calc_size_impl(list_data, list_len, begin_idx, end_idx);
-}
-
-void __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices(uint32_t index, const uint32_t* dims, uint32_t num_dims, NDIndex* idxs) {
-    __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices_impl(index, dims, num_dims, idxs);
-}
-
-void __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices64(uint64_t index, const uint64_t* dims, uint64_t num_dims, NDIndex* idxs) {
-    __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices_impl(index, dims, num_dims, idxs);
-}
-
-uint32_t
-__nac3_ndarray_flatten_index(const uint32_t* dims, uint32_t num_dims, const NDIndex* indices, uint32_t num_indices) {
-    return __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index_impl(dims, num_dims, indices, num_indices);
-}
-
-uint64_t
-__nac3_ndarray_flatten_index64(const uint64_t* dims, uint64_t num_dims, const NDIndex* indices, uint64_t num_indices) {
-    return __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index_impl(dims, num_dims, indices, num_indices);
-}
-
-void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast(const uint32_t* lhs_dims,
-                                   uint32_t lhs_ndims,
-                                   const uint32_t* rhs_dims,
-                                   uint32_t rhs_ndims,
-                                   uint32_t* out_dims) {
-    return __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_impl(lhs_dims, lhs_ndims, rhs_dims, rhs_ndims, out_dims);
-}
-
-void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast64(const uint64_t* lhs_dims,
-                                     uint64_t lhs_ndims,
-                                     const uint64_t* rhs_dims,
-                                     uint64_t rhs_ndims,
-                                     uint64_t* out_dims) {
-    return __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_impl(lhs_dims, lhs_ndims, rhs_dims, rhs_ndims, out_dims);
-}
-
-void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx(const uint32_t* src_dims,
-                                       uint32_t src_ndims,
-                                       const NDIndex* in_idx,
-                                       NDIndex* out_idx) {
-    __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx_impl(src_dims, src_ndims, in_idx, out_idx);
-}
-
-void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx64(const uint64_t* src_dims,
-                                         uint64_t src_ndims,
-                                         const NDIndex* in_idx,
-                                         NDIndex* out_idx) {
-    __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx_impl(src_dims, src_ndims, in_idx, out_idx);
-}
-}

nac3core/irrt/irrt/ndarray/ndarray.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <irrt/int_defs.hpp>
+#include <irrt/ndarray/ndarray_util.hpp>
+
+namespace {
+
+// The NDArray object. `SizeT` is the *signed* size type of this ndarray.
+//
+// NOTE: The order of fields is IMPORTANT. DON'T TOUCH IT
+//
+// Some resources you might find helpful:
+// - The official numpy implementations:
+//   - https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/735a477f0bc2b5b84d0e72d92f224bde78d4e069/doc/source/reference/c-api/types-and-structures.rst
+// - On strides (about reshaping, slicing, C-contagiousness, etc)
+//   - https://ajcr.net/stride-guide-part-1/.
+//   - https://ajcr.net/stride-guide-part-2/.
+//   - https://ajcr.net/stride-guide-part-3/.
+template <typename SizeT>
+struct NDArray {
+    // The underlying data this `ndarray` is pointing to.
+    //
+    // NOTE: Formally this should be of type `void *`, but clang
+    // translates `void *` to `i8 *` when run with `-S -emit-llvm`,
+    // so we will put `uint8_t *` here for clarity.
+    //
+    // This pointer should point to the first element of the ndarray directly
+    uint8_t *data;
+
+    // The number of bytes of a single element in `data`.
+    //
+    // The `SizeT` is treated as `unsigned`.
+    SizeT itemsize;
+
+    // The number of dimensions of this shape.
+    //
+    // The `SizeT` is treated as `unsigned`.
+    SizeT ndims;
+
+    // Array shape, with length equal to `ndims`.
+    //
+    // The `SizeT` is treated as `unsigned`.
+    //
+    // NOTE: `shape` can contain 0.
+    //   (those appear when the user makes an out of bounds slice into an ndarray, e.g., `np.zeros((3, 3))[400:].shape == (0, 3)`)
+    SizeT *shape;
+
+    // Array strides (stride value is in number of bytes, NOT number of elements), with length equal to `ndims`.
+    //
+    // The `SizeT` is treated as `signed`.
+    //
+    // NOTE: `strides` can have negative numbers.
+    //   (those appear when there is a slice with a negative step, e.g., `my_array[::-1]`)
+    SizeT *strides;
+
+    // Calculate the size/# of elements of an `ndarray`.
+    // This function corresponds to `np.size(<ndarray>)` or `ndarray.size`
+    SizeT size() {
+        return ndarray_util::calc_size_from_shape(ndims, shape);
+    }
+
+    // Calculate the number of bytes of its content of an `ndarray` *in its view*.
+    // This function corresponds to `ndarray.nbytes`
+    SizeT nbytes() {
+        return this->size() * itemsize;
+    }
+
+    // Set the strides of the ndarray with `ndarray_util::set_strides_by_shape`
+    void set_strides_by_shape() {
+        ndarray_util::set_strides_by_shape(itemsize, ndims, strides, shape);
+    }
+
+    uint8_t* get_pelement_by_indices(const SizeT *indices) {
+        uint8_t* element = data;
+        for (SizeT dim_i = 0; dim_i < ndims; dim_i++)
+            element += indices[dim_i] * strides[dim_i];
+        return element;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t* get_nth_pelement(SizeT nth) {
+        SizeT* indices = (SizeT*) __builtin_alloca(sizeof(SizeT) * this->ndims);
+        ndarray_util::set_indices_by_nth(this->ndims, this->shape, indices, nth);
+        return get_pelement_by_indices(indices);
+    }
+
+    // Get the pointer to the nth element of the ndarray as if it were flattened.
+    uint8_t* checked_get_nth_pelement(ErrorContext* errctx, SizeT nth) {
+        SizeT arr_size = this->size();
+        if (!(0 <= nth && nth < arr_size)) {
+            errctx->set_error(
+                errctx->error_ids->index_error,
+                "index {0} is out of bounds, valid range is {1} <= index < {2}",
+                nth, 0, arr_size
+            );
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return get_nth_pelement(nth);
+    }
+
+    void set_pelement_value(uint8_t* pelement, const uint8_t* pvalue) {
+        __builtin_memcpy(pelement, pvalue, itemsize);
+    }
+
+    // Fill the ndarray with a value
+    void fill_generic(const uint8_t* pvalue) {
+        const SizeT size = this->size();
+        for (SizeT i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            uint8_t* pelement = get_nth_pelement(i); // No need for checked_get_nth_pelement
+            set_pelement_value(pelement, pvalue);
+        }
+    }
+};
+}
+
+extern "C" {
+uint32_t __nac3_ndarray_size(NDArray<int32_t>* ndarray) {
+    return ndarray->size();
+}
+
+uint64_t __nac3_ndarray_size64(NDArray<int64_t>* ndarray) {
+    return ndarray->size();
+}
+
+uint32_t __nac3_ndarray_nbytes(NDArray<int32_t>* ndarray) {
+    return ndarray->nbytes();
+}
+
+uint64_t __nac3_ndarray_nbytes64(NDArray<int64_t>* ndarray) {
+    return ndarray->nbytes();
+}
+
+void __nac3_ndarray_util_assert_shape_no_negative(ErrorContext* errctx, int32_t ndims, int32_t* shape) {
+    ndarray_util::assert_shape_no_negative(errctx, ndims, shape);
+}
+
+void __nac3_ndarray_util_assert_shape_no_negative64(ErrorContext* errctx, int64_t ndims, int64_t* shape) {
+    ndarray_util::assert_shape_no_negative(errctx, ndims, shape);
+}
+
+void __nac3_ndarray_set_strides_by_shape(NDArray<int32_t>* ndarray) {
+    ndarray->set_strides_by_shape();
+}
+
+void __nac3_ndarray_set_strides_by_shape64(NDArray<int64_t>* ndarray) {
+    ndarray->set_strides_by_shape();
+}
+
+void __nac3_ndarray_fill_generic(NDArray<int32_t>* ndarray, uint8_t* pvalue) {
+    ndarray->fill_generic(pvalue);
+}
+
+void __nac3_ndarray_fill_generic64(NDArray<int64_t>* ndarray, uint8_t* pvalue) {
+    ndarray->fill_generic(pvalue);
+}
+}

nac3core/irrt/irrt/ndarray/ndarray_util.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <irrt/int_defs.hpp>
+
+namespace {
+namespace ndarray_util {
+
+// Throw an error if there is an axis with negative dimension
+template <typename SizeT>
+void assert_shape_no_negative(ErrorContext* errctx, SizeT ndims, const SizeT* shape) {
+    for (SizeT axis = 0; axis < ndims; axis++) {
+        if (shape[axis] < 0) {
+            errctx->set_error(
+                errctx->error_ids->value_error,
+                "negative dimensions are not allowed; axis {0} has dimension {1}",
+                axis, shape[axis]
+            );
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Compute the size/# of elements of an ndarray given its shape
+template <typename SizeT>
+SizeT calc_size_from_shape(SizeT ndims, const SizeT* shape) {
+    SizeT size = 1;
+    for (SizeT axis = 0; axis < ndims; axis++) size *= shape[axis];
+    return size;
+}
+
+// Compute the strides of an ndarray given an ndarray `shape`
+// and assuming that the ndarray is *fully C-contagious*.
+//
+// You might want to read up on https://ajcr.net/stride-guide-part-1/.
+template <typename SizeT>
+void set_strides_by_shape(SizeT itemsize, SizeT ndims, SizeT* dst_strides, const SizeT* shape) {
+    SizeT stride_product = 1;
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < ndims; i++) {
+        int axis = ndims - i - 1;
+        dst_strides[axis] = stride_product * itemsize;
+        stride_product *= shape[axis];
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename SizeT>
+void set_indices_by_nth(SizeT ndims, const SizeT* shape, SizeT* indices, SizeT nth) {
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < ndims; i++) {
+        int32_t axis = ndims - i - 1;
+        int32_t dim = shape[axis];
+
+        indices[axis] = nth % dim;
+        nth /= dim;
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename SizeT>
+bool can_broadcast_shape_to(
+    const SizeT target_ndims,
+    const SizeT *target_shape,
+    const SizeT src_ndims,
+    const SizeT *src_shape
+) {
+    /*
+        // See https://numpy.org/doc/stable/user/basics.broadcasting.html
+
+        This function handles this example:
+        ```
+        Image  (3d array): 256 x 256 x 3
+        Scale  (1d array):             3
+        Result (3d array): 256 x 256 x 3
+        ```
+
+        Other interesting examples to consider:
+        - `can_broadcast_shape_to([3], [1, 1, 1, 1, 3]) == true`
+        - `can_broadcast_shape_to([3], [3, 1]) == false`
+        - `can_broadcast_shape_to([256, 256, 3], [256, 1, 3]) == true`
+
+        In cases when the shapes contain zero(es):
+        - `can_broadcast_shape_to([0], [1]) == true`
+        - `can_broadcast_shape_to([0], [2]) == false`
+        - `can_broadcast_shape_to([0, 4, 0, 0], [1]) == true`
+        - `can_broadcast_shape_to([0, 4, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1, 1]) == true`
+        - `can_broadcast_shape_to([0, 4, 0, 0], [1, 4, 1, 1]) == true`
+        - `can_broadcast_shape_to([4, 3], [0, 3]) == false`
+        - `can_broadcast_shape_to([4, 3], [0, 0]) == false`
+    */
+
+    // This is essentially doing the following in Python:
+    // `for target_dim, src_dim in itertools.zip_longest(target_shape[::-1], src_shape[::-1], fillvalue=1)`
+    for (SizeT i = 0; i < max(target_ndims, src_ndims); i++) {
+        SizeT target_axis = target_ndims - i - 1;
+        SizeT src_axis = src_ndims - i - 1;
+
+        bool target_dim_exists = target_axis >= 0;
+        bool src_dim_exists = src_axis >= 0;
+
+        SizeT target_dim = target_dim_exists ? target_shape[target_axis] : 1;
+        SizeT src_dim = src_dim_exists ? src_shape[src_axis] : 1;
+
+        bool ok = src_dim == 1 || target_dim == src_dim;
+        if (!ok) return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+}
+}

nac3core/irrt/irrt/slice.hpp

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "irrt/int_types.hpp"
-
-extern "C" {
-SliceIndex __nac3_slice_index_bound(SliceIndex i, const SliceIndex len) {
-    if (i < 0) {
-        i = len + i;
-    }
-    if (i < 0) {
-        return 0;
-    } else if (i > len) {
-        return len;
-    }
-    return i;
-}
-
-SliceIndex __nac3_range_slice_len(const SliceIndex start, const SliceIndex end, const SliceIndex step) {
-    SliceIndex diff = end - start;
-    if (diff > 0 && step > 0) {
-        return ((diff - 1) / step) + 1;
-    } else if (diff < 0 && step < 0) {
-        return ((diff + 1) / step) + 1;
-    } else {
-        return 0;
-    }
-}
-}

nac3core/irrt/irrt/string_utils.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <irrt/int_defs.hpp>
+
+namespace {
+namespace string {
+    bool is_empty(const char* str) {
+        return str[0] == '\0';
+    }
+
+    int8_t compare(const char* a, const char* b) {
+        uint32_t i = 0;
+        while (true) {
+            if (a[i] < b[i]) {
+                return -1;
+            } else if (a[i] > b[i]) {
+                return 1;
+            } else { // a[i] == b[i]
+                if (a[i] == '\0') {
+                    return 0;
+                } else {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    int8_t equal(const char* a, const char* b) {
+        return compare(a, b) == 0;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t length(const char* str) {
+        uint32_t length = 0;
+        while (*str != '\0') {
+            length++;
+            str++;
+        }
+        return length;
+    }
+
+    bool copy(const char* src, char* dst, uint32_t dst_max_size) {
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dst_max_size; i++) {
+            bool is_last = i + 1 == dst_max_size;
+            if (is_last && src[i] != '\0') {
+                dst[i] = '\0';
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (src[i] == '\0') {
+                dst[i] = '\0';
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            dst[i] = src[i];
+        }
+
+        __builtin_unreachable();
+    }
+}
+}

nac3core/irrt/irrt/utils.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <irrt/int_defs.hpp>
+
+namespace {
+template <typename T>
+const T& max(const T& a, const T& b) {
+    return a > b ? a : b;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+const T& min(const T& a, const T& b) {
+    return a > b ? b : a;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+bool arrays_match(int len, T* as, T* bs) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        if (as[i] != bs[i]) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+uint32_t int_log_floor(T value, T base) {
+    uint32_t result = 0;
+    while (value >= base) {
+        result++;
+        value /= base;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+namespace cstr_utils {
+    bool is_empty(const char* str) {
+        return str[0] == '\0';
+    }
+
+    int8_t compare(const char* a, const char* b) {
+        uint32_t i = 0;
+        while (true) {
+            if (a[i] < b[i]) {
+                return -1;
+            } else if (a[i] > b[i]) {
+                return 1;
+            } else { // a[i] == b[i] 
+                if (a[i] == '\0') {
+                    return 0;
+                } else {
+                    i++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    int8_t equal(const char* a, const char* b) {
+        return compare(a, b) == 0;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t length(const char* str) {
+        uint32_t length = 0;
+        while (*str != '\0') {
+            length++;
+            str++;
+        }
+        return length;
+    }
+
+    bool copy(const char* src, char* dst, uint32_t dst_max_size) {
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dst_max_size; i++) {
+            bool is_last = i + 1 == dst_max_size;
+            if (is_last && src[i] != '\0') {
+                dst[i] = '\0';
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (src[i] == '\0') {
+                dst[i] = '\0';
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            dst[i] = src[i];
+        }
+
+        __builtin_unreachable();
+    }
+}
+}

nac3core/irrt/irrt_everything.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <irrt/core.hpp>
+#include <irrt/error_context.hpp>
+#include <irrt/int_defs.hpp>
+#include <irrt/utils.hpp>
+#include <irrt/ndarray/ndarray.hpp>

nac3core/irrt/irrt_test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// This file will be compiled like a real C++ program,
+// and we do have the luxury to use the standard libraries.
+// That is if the nix flakes do not have issues... especially on msys2...
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#include <irrt_everything.hpp>
+
+#include <test/core.hpp>
+#include <test/test_core.hpp>
+#include <test/test_utils.hpp>
+
+int main() {
+    run_test_core();
+    run_test_utils();
+    return 0;
+}

nac3core/irrt/test/core.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// Include this header for every test_*.cpp
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#include <test/print.hpp>
+
+// Some utils can be used here
+#include "../irrt/utils.hpp"
+
+void __begin_test(const char* function_name, const char* file, int line) {
+    printf("######### Running %s @ %s:%d\n", function_name, file, line);
+}
+
+#define BEGIN_TEST() __begin_test(__FUNCTION__, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+void test_fail() {
+    printf("[!] Test failed. Exiting with status code 1.\n");
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void debug_print_array(int len, const T* as) {
+    printf("[");
+    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        if (i != 0) printf(", ");
+        print_value(as[i]);
+    }
+    printf("]");
+}
+
+void print_assertion_passed(const char* file, int line) {
+    printf("[*] Assertion passed on %s:%d\n", file, line);
+}
+
+void print_assertion_failed(const char* file, int line) {
+    printf("[!] Assertion failed on %s:%d\n", file, line);
+}
+
+void __assert_true(const char* file, int line, bool cond) {
+    if (cond) {
+        print_assertion_passed(file, line);
+    } else {
+        print_assertion_failed(file, line);
+        test_fail();
+    }
+}
+
+#define assert_true(cond) __assert_true(__FILE__, __LINE__, cond)
+
+template <typename T>
+void __assert_arrays_match(const char* file, int line, int len, const T* expected, const T* got) {
+    if (arrays_match(len, expected, got)) {
+        print_assertion_passed(file, line);
+    } else {
+        print_assertion_failed(file, line);
+        printf("Expect = ");
+        debug_print_array(len, expected);
+        printf("\n");
+        printf("   Got = ");
+        debug_print_array(len, got);
+        printf("\n");
+        test_fail();
+    }
+}
+
+#define assert_arrays_match(len, expected, got) __assert_arrays_match(__FILE__, __LINE__, len, expected, got)
+
+template <typename T>
+void __assert_values_match(const char* file, int line, T expected, T got) {
+    if (expected == got) {
+        print_assertion_passed(file, line);
+    } else {
+        print_assertion_failed(file, line);
+        printf("Expect = ");
+        print_value(expected);
+        printf("\n");
+        printf("   Got = ");
+        print_value(got);
+        printf("\n");
+        test_fail();
+    }
+}
+
+#define assert_values_match(expected, got) __assert_values_match(__FILE__, __LINE__, expected, got)

nac3core/irrt/test/print.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+template <class T>
+void print_value(T value);
+
+template <>
+void print_value(char value) {
+    printf("'%c' (ord=%d)", value, value);
+}
+
+template <>
+void print_value(int8_t value) {
+    printf("%d", value);
+}
+
+template <>
+void print_value(int32_t value) {
+    printf("%d", value);
+}
+
+template <>
+void print_value(uint8_t value) {
+    printf("%u", value);
+}
+
+template <>
+void print_value(uint32_t value) {
+    printf("%u", value);
+}
+
+template <>
+void print_value(double value) {
+    printf("%f", value);
+}
+
+template <>
+void print_value(char* value) {
+    printf("%s", value);
+}

nac3core/irrt/test/test_core.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <test/core.hpp>
+#include <irrt/core.hpp>
+
+void test_int_exp() {
+    BEGIN_TEST();
+
+    assert_values_match(125, __nac3_int_exp_impl<int32_t>(5, 3));
+    assert_values_match(3125, __nac3_int_exp_impl<int32_t>(5, 5));
+}
+
+void run_test_core() {
+    test_int_exp();
+}

nac3core/irrt/test/test_utils.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <test/core.hpp>
+#include <irrt/utils.hpp>
+
+void test_int_log_10() {
+    BEGIN_TEST();
+
+    assert_values_match((uint32_t) 0, int_log_floor(0, 10));
+    assert_values_match((uint32_t) 0, int_log_floor(9, 10));
+    assert_values_match((uint32_t) 1, int_log_floor(10, 10));
+    assert_values_match((uint32_t) 1, int_log_floor(11, 10));
+    assert_values_match((uint32_t) 1, int_log_floor(99, 10));
+    assert_values_match((uint32_t) 2, int_log_floor(100, 10));
+    assert_values_match((uint32_t) 2, int_log_floor(101, 10));
+}
+
+void test_cstr_utils() {
+    BEGIN_TEST();
+
+    assert_values_match((uint32_t) 42, (uint32_t) cstr_utils::length("THROWN FROM __nac3_error_dummy_raise!!!!!!"));
+}
+
+void run_test_utils() {
+    test_int_log_10();
+    test_cstr_utils();
+}

nac3core/src/codegen/builtin_fns.rs

@@ -1,94 +1,26 @@
 use inkwell::types::BasicTypeEnum;
-use inkwell::values::{BasicValue, BasicValueEnum, IntValue, PointerValue};
+use inkwell::values::BasicValueEnum;
 use inkwell::{FloatPredicate, IntPredicate, OptimizationLevel};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 
-use crate::codegen::classes::{
+use crate::codegen::classes::{NDArrayValue, ProxyValue, UntypedArrayLikeAccessor};
-    ArrayLikeValue, NDArrayValue, ProxyValue, RangeValue, TypedArrayLikeAccessor,
-    UntypedArrayLikeAccessor, UntypedArrayLikeMutator,
-};
-use crate::codegen::expr::destructure_range;
-use crate::codegen::irrt::calculate_len_for_slice_range;
-use crate::codegen::macros::codegen_unreachable;
 use crate::codegen::numpy::ndarray_elementwise_unaryop_impl;
 use crate::codegen::stmt::gen_for_callback_incrementing;
 use crate::codegen::{extern_fns, irrt, llvm_intrinsics, numpy, CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator};
 use crate::toplevel::helper::PrimDef;
 use crate::toplevel::numpy::unpack_ndarray_var_tys;
-use crate::typecheck::typedef::{Type, TypeEnum};
+use crate::typecheck::typedef::Type;
 
 /// Shorthand for [`unreachable!()`] when a type of argument is not supported.
 ///
 /// The generated message will contain the function name and the name of the unsupported type.
 fn unsupported_type(ctx: &CodeGenContext<'_, '_>, fn_name: &str, tys: &[Type]) -> ! {
-    codegen_unreachable!(
+    unreachable!(
-        ctx,
         "{fn_name}() not supported for '{}'",
         tys.iter().map(|ty| format!("'{}'", ctx.unifier.stringify(*ty))).join(", "),
     )
 }
 
-/// Invokes the `len` builtin function.
-pub fn call_len<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    n: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-) -> Result<IntValue<'ctx>, String> {
-    let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
-    let range_ty = ctx.primitives.range;
-    let (arg_ty, arg) = n;
-
-    Ok(if ctx.unifier.unioned(arg_ty, range_ty) {
-        let arg = RangeValue::from_ptr_val(arg.into_pointer_value(), Some("range"));
-        let (start, end, step) = destructure_range(ctx, arg);
-        calculate_len_for_slice_range(generator, ctx, start, end, step)
-    } else {
-        match &*ctx.unifier.get_ty_immutable(arg_ty) {
-            TypeEnum::TTuple { ty, .. } => llvm_i32.const_int(ty.len() as u64, false),
-            TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, .. } if *obj_id == PrimDef::List.id() => {
-                let zero = llvm_i32.const_zero();
-                let len = ctx
-                    .build_gep_and_load(
-                        arg.into_pointer_value(),
-                        &[zero, llvm_i32.const_int(1, false)],
-                        None,
-                    )
-                    .into_int_value();
-                ctx.builder.build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(len, llvm_i32, "len").unwrap()
-            }
-            TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, .. } if *obj_id == PrimDef::NDArray.id() => {
-                let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-                let arg = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(arg.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
-
-                let ndims = arg.dim_sizes().size(ctx, generator);
-                ctx.make_assert(
-                    generator,
-                    ctx.builder
-                        .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::NE, ndims, llvm_usize.const_zero(), "")
-                        .unwrap(),
-                    "0:TypeError",
-                    "len() of unsized object",
-                    [None, None, None],
-                    ctx.current_loc,
-                );
-
-                let len = unsafe {
-                    arg.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(
-                        ctx,
-                        generator,
-                        &llvm_usize.const_zero(),
-                        None,
-                    )
-                };
-
-                ctx.builder.build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(len, llvm_i32, "len").unwrap()
-            }
-            _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx),
-        }
-    })
-}
-
 /// Invokes the `int32` builtin function.
 pub fn call_int32<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     generator: &mut G,
@@ -99,6 +31,7 @@ pub fn call_int32<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
 
     let (n_ty, n) = n;
+
     Ok(match n {
         BasicValueEnum::IntValue(n) if matches!(n.get_type().get_bit_width(), 1 | 8) => {
             debug_assert!(ctx.unifier.unioned(n_ty, ctx.primitives.bool));
@@ -669,7 +602,7 @@ pub fn call_ceil<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                 ret_elem_ty,
                 None,
                 NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n, llvm_usize, None),
-                |generator, ctx, val| call_ceil(generator, ctx, (elem_ty, val), ret_elem_ty),
+                |generator, ctx, val| call_floor(generator, ctx, (elem_ty, val), ret_elem_ty),
             )?;
 
             ndarray.as_base_value().into()
@@ -786,7 +719,7 @@ pub fn call_numpy_minimum<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             } else if is_ndarray2 {
                 unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x2_ty).0
             } else {
-                codegen_unreachable!(ctx)
+                unreachable!()
             };
 
             let x1_scalar_ty = if is_ndarray1 { dtype } else { x1_ty };
@@ -890,7 +823,7 @@ pub fn call_numpy_max_min<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             match fn_name {
                 "np_argmin" | "np_argmax" => llvm_int64.const_zero().into(),
                 "np_max" | "np_min" => a,
-                _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx),
+                _ => unreachable!(),
             }
         }
         BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n)
@@ -930,7 +863,6 @@ pub fn call_numpy_max_min<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             gen_for_callback_incrementing(
                 generator,
                 ctx,
-                None,
                 llvm_int64.const_int(1, false),
                 (n_sz, false),
                 |generator, ctx, _, idx| {
@@ -945,7 +877,7 @@ pub fn call_numpy_max_min<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                         "np_argmax" | "np_max" => {
                             call_max(ctx, (elem_ty, accumulator), (elem_ty, elem))
                         }
-                        _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx),
+                        _ => unreachable!(),
                     };
 
                     let updated_idx = match (accumulator, result) {
@@ -982,7 +914,7 @@ pub fn call_numpy_max_min<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             match fn_name {
                 "np_argmin" | "np_argmax" => ctx.builder.build_load(res_idx, "").unwrap(),
                 "np_max" | "np_min" => ctx.builder.build_load(accumulator_addr, "").unwrap(),
-                _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx),
+                _ => unreachable!(),
             }
         }
 
@@ -1048,7 +980,7 @@ pub fn call_numpy_maximum<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             } else if is_ndarray2 {
                 unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x2_ty).0
             } else {
-                codegen_unreachable!(ctx)
+                unreachable!()
             };
 
             let x1_scalar_ty = if is_ndarray1 { dtype } else { x1_ty };
@@ -1078,9 +1010,9 @@ pub fn call_numpy_maximum<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 /// * `(arg_ty, arg_val)`: The [`Type`] and llvm value of the input argument.
 /// * `fn_name`: The name of the function, only used when throwing an error with [`unsupported_type`]
 /// * `get_ret_elem_type`: A function that takes in the input scalar [`Type`], and returns the function's return scalar [`Type`].
-///   Return a constant [`Type`] here if the return type does not depend on the input type.
+/// Return a constant [`Type`] here if the return type does not depend on the input type.
 /// * `on_scalar`: The function that acts on the scalars of the input. Returns [`Option::None`]
-///   if the scalar type & value are faulty and should panic with [`unsupported_type`].
+/// if the scalar type & value are faulty and should panic with [`unsupported_type`].
 fn helper_call_numpy_unary_elementwise<'ctx, OnScalarFn, RetElemFn, G>(
     generator: &mut G,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
@@ -1191,9 +1123,9 @@ pub fn call_abs<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 /// * `$name:ident`: The identifier of the rust function to be generated.
 /// * `$fn_name:literal`: To be passed to the `fn_name` parameter of [`helper_call_numpy_unary_elementwise`]
 /// * `$get_ret_elem_type:expr`: To be passed to the `get_ret_elem_type` parameter of [`helper_call_numpy_unary_elementwise`].
-///   But there is no need to make it a reference.
+/// But there is no need to make it a reference.
 /// * `$on_scalar:expr`: To be passed to the `on_scalar` parameter of [`helper_call_numpy_unary_elementwise`].
-///   But there is no need to make it a reference.
+/// But there is no need to make it a reference.
 macro_rules! create_helper_call_numpy_unary_elementwise {
     ($name:ident, $fn_name:literal, $get_ret_elem_type:expr, $on_scalar:expr) => {
         #[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_call)]
@@ -1220,7 +1152,7 @@ macro_rules! create_helper_call_numpy_unary_elementwise {
 /// * `$name:ident`: The identifier of the rust function to be generated.
 /// * `$fn_name:literal`: To be passed to the `fn_name` parameter of [`helper_call_numpy_unary_elementwise`].
 /// * `$on_scalar:expr`: The closure (see below for its type) that acts on float scalar values and returns
-///   the boolean results of LLVM type `i1`. The returned `i1` value will be converted into an `i8`.
+/// the boolean results of LLVM type `i1`. The returned `i1` value will be converted into an `i8`.
 ///
 /// ```ignore
 /// // Type of `$on_scalar:expr`
@@ -1488,7 +1420,7 @@ pub fn call_numpy_arctan2<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             } else if is_ndarray2 {
                 unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x2_ty).0
             } else {
-                codegen_unreachable!(ctx)
+                unreachable!()
             };
 
             let x1_scalar_ty = if is_ndarray1 { dtype } else { x1_ty };
@@ -1555,7 +1487,7 @@ pub fn call_numpy_copysign<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             } else if is_ndarray2 {
                 unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x2_ty).0
             } else {
-                codegen_unreachable!(ctx)
+                unreachable!()
             };
 
             let x1_scalar_ty = if is_ndarray1 { dtype } else { x1_ty };
@@ -1622,7 +1554,7 @@ pub fn call_numpy_fmax<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             } else if is_ndarray2 {
                 unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x2_ty).0
             } else {
-                codegen_unreachable!(ctx)
+                unreachable!()
             };
 
             let x1_scalar_ty = if is_ndarray1 { dtype } else { x1_ty };
@@ -1689,7 +1621,7 @@ pub fn call_numpy_fmin<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             } else if is_ndarray2 {
                 unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x2_ty).0
             } else {
-                codegen_unreachable!(ctx)
+                unreachable!()
             };
 
             let x1_scalar_ty = if is_ndarray1 { dtype } else { x1_ty };
@@ -1812,7 +1744,7 @@ pub fn call_numpy_hypot<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             } else if is_ndarray2 {
                 unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x2_ty).0
             } else {
-                codegen_unreachable!(ctx)
+                unreachable!()
             };
 
             let x1_scalar_ty = if is_ndarray1 { dtype } else { x1_ty };
@@ -1879,7 +1811,7 @@ pub fn call_numpy_nextafter<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             } else if is_ndarray2 {
                 unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x2_ty).0
             } else {
-                codegen_unreachable!(ctx)
+                unreachable!()
             };
 
             let x1_scalar_ty = if is_ndarray1 { dtype } else { x1_ty };
@@ -1903,501 +1835,3 @@ pub fn call_numpy_nextafter<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
         _ => unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty, x2_ty]),
     })
 }
-
-/// Allocates a struct with the fields specified by `out_matrices` and returns a pointer to it
-fn build_output_struct<'ctx>(
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    out_matrices: Vec<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>>,
-) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-    let field_ty =
-        out_matrices.iter().map(BasicValueEnum::get_type).collect::<Vec<BasicTypeEnum>>();
-    let out_ty = ctx.ctx.struct_type(&field_ty, false);
-    let out_ptr = ctx.builder.build_alloca(out_ty, "").unwrap();
-
-    for (i, v) in out_matrices.into_iter().enumerate() {
-        unsafe {
-            let ptr = ctx
-                .builder
-                .build_in_bounds_gep(
-                    out_ptr,
-                    &[
-                        ctx.ctx.i32_type().const_zero(),
-                        ctx.ctx.i32_type().const_int(i as u64, false),
-                    ],
-                    "",
-                )
-                .unwrap();
-            ctx.builder.build_store(ptr, v).unwrap();
-        }
-    }
-    out_ptr
-}
-
-/// Invokes the `np_linalg_cholesky` linalg function
-pub fn call_np_linalg_cholesky<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    x1: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
-    const FN_NAME: &str = "np_linalg_cholesky";
-    let (x1_ty, x1) = x1;
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-    if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n1) = x1 {
-        let (elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x1_ty);
-        let n1_elem_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
-
-        let BasicTypeEnum::FloatType(_) = n1_elem_ty else {
-            unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty]);
-        };
-
-        let n1 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n1, llvm_usize, None);
-        let dim0 = unsafe {
-            n1.dim_sizes()
-                .get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
-                .into_int_value()
-        };
-        let dim1 = unsafe {
-            n1.dim_sizes()
-                .get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_int(1, false), None)
-                .into_int_value()
-        };
-
-        let out = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[dim0, dim1])
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_base_value()
-            .as_basic_value_enum();
-
-        extern_fns::call_np_linalg_cholesky(ctx, x1, out, None);
-        Ok(out)
-    } else {
-        unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty])
-    }
-}
-
-/// Invokes the `np_linalg_qr` linalg function
-pub fn call_np_linalg_qr<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    x1: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
-    const FN_NAME: &str = "np_linalg_qr";
-    let (x1_ty, x1) = x1;
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-    if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n1) = x1 {
-        let (elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x1_ty);
-        let n1_elem_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
-
-        let BasicTypeEnum::FloatType(_) = n1_elem_ty else {
-            unimplemented!("{FN_NAME} operates on float type NdArrays only");
-        };
-
-        let n1 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n1, llvm_usize, None);
-        let dim0 = unsafe {
-            n1.dim_sizes()
-                .get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
-                .into_int_value()
-        };
-        let dim1 = unsafe {
-            n1.dim_sizes()
-                .get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_int(1, false), None)
-                .into_int_value()
-        };
-        let k = llvm_intrinsics::call_int_smin(ctx, dim0, dim1, None);
-
-        let out_q = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[dim0, k])
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_base_value()
-            .as_basic_value_enum();
-        let out_r = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[k, dim1])
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_base_value()
-            .as_basic_value_enum();
-
-        extern_fns::call_np_linalg_qr(ctx, x1, out_q, out_r, None);
-
-        let out_ptr = build_output_struct(ctx, vec![out_q, out_r]);
-
-        Ok(ctx.builder.build_load(out_ptr, "QR_Factorization_result").map(Into::into).unwrap())
-    } else {
-        unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty])
-    }
-}
-
-/// Invokes the `np_linalg_svd` linalg function
-pub fn call_np_linalg_svd<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    x1: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
-    const FN_NAME: &str = "np_linalg_svd";
-    let (x1_ty, x1) = x1;
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-    if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n1) = x1 {
-        let (elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x1_ty);
-        let n1_elem_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
-
-        let BasicTypeEnum::FloatType(_) = n1_elem_ty else {
-            unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty]);
-        };
-
-        let n1 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n1, llvm_usize, None);
-
-        let dim0 = unsafe {
-            n1.dim_sizes()
-                .get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
-                .into_int_value()
-        };
-        let dim1 = unsafe {
-            n1.dim_sizes()
-                .get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_int(1, false), None)
-                .into_int_value()
-        };
-        let k = llvm_intrinsics::call_int_smin(ctx, dim0, dim1, None);
-
-        let out_u = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[dim0, dim0])
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_base_value()
-            .as_basic_value_enum();
-        let out_s = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[k])
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_base_value()
-            .as_basic_value_enum();
-        let out_vh = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[dim1, dim1])
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_base_value()
-            .as_basic_value_enum();
-
-        extern_fns::call_np_linalg_svd(ctx, x1, out_u, out_s, out_vh, None);
-
-        let out_ptr = build_output_struct(ctx, vec![out_u, out_s, out_vh]);
-
-        Ok(ctx.builder.build_load(out_ptr, "SVD_Factorization_result").map(Into::into).unwrap())
-    } else {
-        unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty])
-    }
-}
-
-/// Invokes the `np_linalg_inv` linalg function
-pub fn call_np_linalg_inv<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    x1: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
-    const FN_NAME: &str = "np_linalg_inv";
-    let (x1_ty, x1) = x1;
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-    if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n1) = x1 {
-        let (elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x1_ty);
-        let n1_elem_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
-
-        let BasicTypeEnum::FloatType(_) = n1_elem_ty else {
-            unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty]);
-        };
-
-        let n1 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n1, llvm_usize, None);
-        let dim0 = unsafe {
-            n1.dim_sizes()
-                .get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
-                .into_int_value()
-        };
-        let dim1 = unsafe {
-            n1.dim_sizes()
-                .get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_int(1, false), None)
-                .into_int_value()
-        };
-
-        let out = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[dim0, dim1])
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_base_value()
-            .as_basic_value_enum();
-
-        extern_fns::call_np_linalg_inv(ctx, x1, out, None);
-        Ok(out)
-    } else {
-        unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty])
-    }
-}
-
-/// Invokes the `np_linalg_pinv` linalg function
-pub fn call_np_linalg_pinv<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    x1: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
-    const FN_NAME: &str = "np_linalg_pinv";
-    let (x1_ty, x1) = x1;
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-    if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n1) = x1 {
-        let (elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x1_ty);
-        let n1_elem_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
-
-        let BasicTypeEnum::FloatType(_) = n1_elem_ty else {
-            unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty]);
-        };
-
-        let n1 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n1, llvm_usize, None);
-
-        let dim0 = unsafe {
-            n1.dim_sizes()
-                .get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
-                .into_int_value()
-        };
-        let dim1 = unsafe {
-            n1.dim_sizes()
-                .get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_int(1, false), None)
-                .into_int_value()
-        };
-
-        let out = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[dim1, dim0])
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_base_value()
-            .as_basic_value_enum();
-
-        extern_fns::call_np_linalg_pinv(ctx, x1, out, None);
-        Ok(out)
-    } else {
-        unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty])
-    }
-}
-
-/// Invokes the `sp_linalg_lu` linalg function
-pub fn call_sp_linalg_lu<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    x1: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
-    const FN_NAME: &str = "sp_linalg_lu";
-    let (x1_ty, x1) = x1;
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-    if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n1) = x1 {
-        let (elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x1_ty);
-        let n1_elem_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
-
-        let BasicTypeEnum::FloatType(_) = n1_elem_ty else {
-            unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty]);
-        };
-
-        let n1 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n1, llvm_usize, None);
-
-        let dim0 = unsafe {
-            n1.dim_sizes()
-                .get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
-                .into_int_value()
-        };
-        let dim1 = unsafe {
-            n1.dim_sizes()
-                .get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_int(1, false), None)
-                .into_int_value()
-        };
-        let k = llvm_intrinsics::call_int_smin(ctx, dim0, dim1, None);
-
-        let out_l = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[dim0, k])
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_base_value()
-            .as_basic_value_enum();
-        let out_u = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[k, dim1])
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_base_value()
-            .as_basic_value_enum();
-
-        extern_fns::call_sp_linalg_lu(ctx, x1, out_l, out_u, None);
-
-        let out_ptr = build_output_struct(ctx, vec![out_l, out_u]);
-        Ok(ctx.builder.build_load(out_ptr, "LU_Factorization_result").map(Into::into).unwrap())
-    } else {
-        unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty])
-    }
-}
-
-/// Invokes the `np_linalg_matrix_power` linalg function
-pub fn call_np_linalg_matrix_power<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    x1: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-    x2: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
-    const FN_NAME: &str = "np_linalg_matrix_power";
-    let (x1_ty, x1) = x1;
-    let (x2_ty, x2) = x2;
-    let x2 = call_float(generator, ctx, (x2_ty, x2)).unwrap();
-
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    if let (BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n1), BasicValueEnum::FloatValue(n2)) = (x1, x2) {
-        let (elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x1_ty);
-        let n1_elem_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
-
-        let BasicTypeEnum::FloatType(_) = n1_elem_ty else {
-            unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty, x2_ty]);
-        };
-
-        let n1 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n1, llvm_usize, None);
-        // Changing second parameter to a `NDArray` for uniformity in function call
-        let n2_array = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(
-            generator,
-            ctx,
-            elem_ty,
-            &[llvm_usize.const_int(1, false)],
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        unsafe {
-            n2_array.data().set_unchecked(
-                ctx,
-                generator,
-                &llvm_usize.const_zero(),
-                n2.as_basic_value_enum(),
-            );
-        };
-        let n2_array = n2_array.as_base_value().as_basic_value_enum();
-
-        let outdim0 = unsafe {
-            n1.dim_sizes()
-                .get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
-                .into_int_value()
-        };
-        let outdim1 = unsafe {
-            n1.dim_sizes()
-                .get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_int(1, false), None)
-                .into_int_value()
-        };
-
-        let out = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[outdim0, outdim1])
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_base_value()
-            .as_basic_value_enum();
-
-        extern_fns::call_np_linalg_matrix_power(ctx, x1, n2_array, out, None);
-        Ok(out)
-    } else {
-        unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty, x2_ty])
-    }
-}
-
-/// Invokes the `np_linalg_det` linalg function
-pub fn call_np_linalg_det<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    x1: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
-    const FN_NAME: &str = "np_linalg_matrix_power";
-    let (x1_ty, x1) = x1;
-
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(_) = x1 {
-        let (elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x1_ty);
-        let n1_elem_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
-
-        let BasicTypeEnum::FloatType(_) = n1_elem_ty else {
-            unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty]);
-        };
-
-        // Changing second parameter to a `NDArray` for uniformity in function call
-        let out = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(
-            generator,
-            ctx,
-            elem_ty,
-            &[llvm_usize.const_int(1, false)],
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-        extern_fns::call_np_linalg_det(ctx, x1, out.as_base_value().as_basic_value_enum(), None);
-        let res =
-            unsafe { out.data().get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None) };
-        Ok(res)
-    } else {
-        unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty])
-    }
-}
-
-/// Invokes the `sp_linalg_schur` linalg function
-pub fn call_sp_linalg_schur<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    x1: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
-    const FN_NAME: &str = "sp_linalg_schur";
-    let (x1_ty, x1) = x1;
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-    if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n1) = x1 {
-        let (elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x1_ty);
-        let n1_elem_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
-
-        let BasicTypeEnum::FloatType(_) = n1_elem_ty else {
-            unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty]);
-        };
-
-        let n1 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n1, llvm_usize, None);
-
-        let dim0 = unsafe {
-            n1.dim_sizes()
-                .get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
-                .into_int_value()
-        };
-        let out_t = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[dim0, dim0])
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_base_value()
-            .as_basic_value_enum();
-        let out_z = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[dim0, dim0])
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_base_value()
-            .as_basic_value_enum();
-
-        extern_fns::call_sp_linalg_schur(ctx, x1, out_t, out_z, None);
-
-        let out_ptr = build_output_struct(ctx, vec![out_t, out_z]);
-        Ok(ctx.builder.build_load(out_ptr, "Schur_Factorization_result").map(Into::into).unwrap())
-    } else {
-        unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty])
-    }
-}
-
-/// Invokes the `sp_linalg_hessenberg` linalg function
-pub fn call_sp_linalg_hessenberg<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    x1: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
-    const FN_NAME: &str = "sp_linalg_hessenberg";
-    let (x1_ty, x1) = x1;
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-    if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n1) = x1 {
-        let (elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x1_ty);
-        let n1_elem_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
-
-        let BasicTypeEnum::FloatType(_) = n1_elem_ty else {
-            unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty]);
-        };
-
-        let n1 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n1, llvm_usize, None);
-
-        let dim0 = unsafe {
-            n1.dim_sizes()
-                .get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
-                .into_int_value()
-        };
-        let out_h = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[dim0, dim0])
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_base_value()
-            .as_basic_value_enum();
-        let out_q = numpy::create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[dim0, dim0])
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_base_value()
-            .as_basic_value_enum();
-        extern_fns::call_sp_linalg_hessenberg(ctx, x1, out_h, out_q, None);
-
-        let out_ptr = build_output_struct(ctx, vec![out_h, out_q]);
-        Ok(ctx
-            .builder
-            .build_load(out_ptr, "Hessenberg_decomposition_result")
-            .map(Into::into)
-            .unwrap())
-    } else {
-        unsupported_type(ctx, FN_NAME, &[x1_ty])
-    }
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/classes.rs

@@ -1250,13 +1250,11 @@ impl<'ctx> NDArrayType<'ctx> {
 
     /// Returns the element type of this `ndarray` type.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn element_type(&self) -> AnyTypeEnum<'ctx> {
+    pub fn element_type(&self) -> BasicTypeEnum<'ctx> {
         self.as_base_type()
             .get_element_type()
             .into_struct_type()
             .get_field_type_at_index(2)
-            .map(BasicTypeEnum::into_pointer_type)
-            .map(PointerType::get_element_type)
             .unwrap()
     }
 }
@@ -1406,7 +1404,7 @@ impl<'ctx> NDArrayValue<'ctx> {
 
     /// Returns the double-indirection pointer to the `data` array, as if by calling `getelementptr`
     /// on the field.
-    pub fn ptr_to_data(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
+    fn ptr_to_data(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
         let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
         let var_name = self.name.map(|v| format!("{v}.data.addr")).unwrap_or_default();
 
@@ -1719,7 +1717,6 @@ impl<'ctx, Index: UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx>> ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx, Index>
         gen_for_callback_incrementing(
             generator,
             ctx,
-            None,
             llvm_usize.const_zero(),
             (len, false),
             |generator, ctx, _, i| {

nac3core/src/codegen/concrete_type.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ pub struct ConcreteFuncArg {
     pub name: StrRef,
     pub ty: ConcreteType,
     pub default_value: Option<SymbolValue>,
-    pub is_vararg: bool,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -47,7 +46,6 @@ pub enum ConcreteTypeEnum {
     TPrimitive(Primitive),
     TTuple {
         ty: Vec<ConcreteType>,
-        is_vararg_ctx: bool,
     },
     TObj {
         obj_id: DefinitionId,
@@ -104,16 +102,8 @@ impl ConcreteTypeStore {
                 .iter()
                 .map(|arg| ConcreteFuncArg {
                     name: arg.name,
-                    ty: if arg.is_vararg {
+                    ty: self.from_unifier_type(unifier, primitives, arg.ty, cache),
-                        let tuple_ty = unifier
-                            .add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: vec![arg.ty], is_vararg_ctx: true });
-
-                        self.from_unifier_type(unifier, primitives, tuple_ty, cache)
-                    } else {
-                        self.from_unifier_type(unifier, primitives, arg.ty, cache)
-                    },
                     default_value: arg.default_value.clone(),
-                    is_vararg: arg.is_vararg,
                 })
                 .collect(),
             ret: self.from_unifier_type(unifier, primitives, signature.ret, cache),
@@ -168,12 +158,11 @@ impl ConcreteTypeStore {
             cache.insert(ty, None);
             let ty_enum = unifier.get_ty(ty);
             let result = match &*ty_enum {
-                TypeEnum::TTuple { ty, is_vararg_ctx } => ConcreteTypeEnum::TTuple {
+                TypeEnum::TTuple { ty } => ConcreteTypeEnum::TTuple {
                     ty: ty
                         .iter()
                         .map(|t| self.from_unifier_type(unifier, primitives, *t, cache))
                         .collect(),
-                    is_vararg_ctx: *is_vararg_ctx,
                 },
                 TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, fields, params } => ConcreteTypeEnum::TObj {
                     obj_id: *obj_id,
@@ -259,12 +248,11 @@ impl ConcreteTypeStore {
                 *cache.get_mut(&cty).unwrap() = Some(ty);
                 return ty;
             }
-            ConcreteTypeEnum::TTuple { ty, is_vararg_ctx } => TypeEnum::TTuple {
+            ConcreteTypeEnum::TTuple { ty } => TypeEnum::TTuple {
                 ty: ty
                     .iter()
                     .map(|cty| self.to_unifier_type(unifier, primitives, *cty, cache))
                     .collect(),
-                is_vararg_ctx: *is_vararg_ctx,
             },
             ConcreteTypeEnum::TVirtual { ty } => {
                 TypeEnum::TVirtual { ty: self.to_unifier_type(unifier, primitives, *ty, cache) }
@@ -289,7 +277,6 @@ impl ConcreteTypeStore {
                         name: arg.name,
                         ty: self.to_unifier_type(unifier, primitives, arg.ty, cache),
                         default_value: arg.default_value.clone(),
-                        is_vararg: false,
                     })
                     .collect(),
                 ret: self.to_unifier_type(unifier, primitives, *ret, cache),

nac3core/src/codegen/extern_fns.rs

@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ use crate::codegen::CodeGenContext;
 /// * `$extern_fn:literal`: Name of underlying extern function
 ///
 /// Optional Arguments:
-/// * `$(,$attributes:literal)*)`: Attributes linked with the extern function.
+/// * `$(,$attributes:literal)*)`: Attributes linked with the extern function
-///   The default attributes are "mustprogress", "nofree", "nounwind", "willreturn", and "writeonly".
+/// The default attributes are "mustprogress", "nofree", "nounwind", "willreturn", and "writeonly"
-///   These will be used unless other attributes are specified
+/// These will be used unless other attributes are specified
 /// * `$(,$args:ident)*`: Operands of the extern function
-///   The data type of these operands will be set to `FloatValue`
+/// The data type of these operands will be set to `FloatValue`
 ///  
 macro_rules! generate_extern_fn {
     ("unary", $fn_name:ident, $extern_fn:literal) => {
@@ -130,62 +130,3 @@ pub fn call_ldexp<'ctx>(
         .map(Either::unwrap_left)
         .unwrap()
 }
-
-/// Macro to generate `np_linalg` and `sp_linalg` functions
-/// The function takes as input `NDArray` and returns ()
-///
-/// Arguments:
-/// * `$fn_name:ident`: The identifier of the rust function to be generated
-/// * `$extern_fn:literal`: Name of underlying extern function
-/// * (2/3/4): Number of `NDArray` that function takes as input
-///
-/// Note:
-/// The operands and resulting `NDArray` are both passed as input to the funcion
-/// It is the responsibility of caller to ensure that output `NDArray` is properly allocated on stack
-/// The function changes the content of the output `NDArray` in-place
-macro_rules! generate_linalg_extern_fn {
-    ($fn_name:ident, $extern_fn:literal, 2) => {
-        generate_linalg_extern_fn!($fn_name, $extern_fn, mat1, mat2);
-    };
-    ($fn_name:ident, $extern_fn:literal, 3) => {
-        generate_linalg_extern_fn!($fn_name, $extern_fn, mat1, mat2, mat3);
-    };
-    ($fn_name:ident, $extern_fn:literal, 4) => {
-        generate_linalg_extern_fn!($fn_name, $extern_fn, mat1, mat2, mat3, mat4);
-    };
-    ($fn_name:ident, $extern_fn:literal $(,$input_matrix:ident)*) => {
-        #[doc = concat!("Invokes the linalg `", stringify!($extern_fn), " function." )]
-        pub fn $fn_name<'ctx>(
-            ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>
-            $(,$input_matrix: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>)*,
-            name: Option<&str>,
-        ){
-            const FN_NAME: &str = $extern_fn;
-            let extern_fn = ctx.module.get_function(FN_NAME).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                let fn_type = ctx.ctx.void_type().fn_type(&[$($input_matrix.get_type().into()),*], false);
-
-                let func = ctx.module.add_function(FN_NAME, fn_type, None);
-                for attr in ["mustprogress", "nofree", "nounwind", "willreturn", "writeonly"] {
-                    func.add_attribute(
-                        AttributeLoc::Function,
-                        ctx.ctx.create_enum_attribute(Attribute::get_named_enum_kind_id(attr), 0),
-                    );
-                }
-                func
-            });
-
-            ctx.builder.build_call(extern_fn, &[$($input_matrix.into(),)*], name.unwrap_or_default()).unwrap();
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-generate_linalg_extern_fn!(call_np_linalg_cholesky, "np_linalg_cholesky", 2);
-generate_linalg_extern_fn!(call_np_linalg_qr, "np_linalg_qr", 3);
-generate_linalg_extern_fn!(call_np_linalg_svd, "np_linalg_svd", 4);
-generate_linalg_extern_fn!(call_np_linalg_inv, "np_linalg_inv", 2);
-generate_linalg_extern_fn!(call_np_linalg_pinv, "np_linalg_pinv", 2);
-generate_linalg_extern_fn!(call_np_linalg_matrix_power, "np_linalg_matrix_power", 3);
-generate_linalg_extern_fn!(call_np_linalg_det, "np_linalg_det", 2);
-generate_linalg_extern_fn!(call_sp_linalg_lu, "sp_linalg_lu", 3);
-generate_linalg_extern_fn!(call_sp_linalg_schur, "sp_linalg_schur", 3);
-generate_linalg_extern_fn!(call_sp_linalg_hessenberg, "sp_linalg_hessenberg", 3);

nac3core/src/codegen/generator.rs

@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ pub trait CodeGenerator {
     /// - fun: Function signature, definition ID and the substitution key.
     /// - params: Function parameters. Note that this does not include the object even if the
     ///   function is a class method.
-    ///
     /// Note that this function should check if the function is generated in another thread (due to
     /// possible race condition), see the default implementation for an example.
     fn gen_func_instance<'ctx>(
@@ -124,45 +123,11 @@ pub trait CodeGenerator {
         ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
         target: &Expr<Option<Type>>,
         value: ValueEnum<'ctx>,
-        value_ty: Type,
     ) -> Result<(), String>
     where
         Self: Sized,
     {
-        gen_assign(self, ctx, target, value, value_ty)
+        gen_assign(self, ctx, target, value)
-    }
-
-    /// Generate code for an assignment expression where LHS is a `"target_list"`.
-    ///
-    /// See <https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#assignment-statements>.
-    fn gen_assign_target_list<'ctx>(
-        &mut self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        targets: &Vec<Expr<Option<Type>>>,
-        value: ValueEnum<'ctx>,
-        value_ty: Type,
-    ) -> Result<(), String>
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-    {
-        gen_assign_target_list(self, ctx, targets, value, value_ty)
-    }
-
-    /// Generate code for an item assignment.
-    ///
-    /// i.e., `target[key] = value`
-    fn gen_setitem<'ctx>(
-        &mut self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        target: &Expr<Option<Type>>,
-        key: &Expr<Option<Type>>,
-        value: ValueEnum<'ctx>,
-        value_ty: Type,
-    ) -> Result<(), String>
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-    {
-        gen_setitem(self, ctx, target, key, value, value_ty)
     }
 
     /// Generate code for a while expression.

nac3core/src/codegen/irrt/error_context.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+use inkwell::types::IntType;
+use inkwell::values::IntValue;
+
+use crate::codegen::optics::*;
+use crate::codegen::CodeGenContext;
+use crate::codegen::CodeGenerator;
+
+use super::util::get_sized_dependent_function_name;
+use super::util::FunctionBuilder;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct StrLens<'ctx> {
+    pub size_type: IntType<'ctx>,
+}
+
+// TODO: nac3core has hardcoded a lot of "str"
+pub struct StrFields<'ctx> {
+    pub content: GepGetter<AddressLens<IntLens<'ctx>>>,
+    pub length: GepGetter<IntLens<'ctx>>,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> StructureOptic<'ctx> for StrLens<'ctx> {
+    type Fields = StrFields<'ctx>;
+
+    fn struct_name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "str"
+    }
+
+    fn build_fields(&self, builder: &mut FieldBuilder<'ctx>) -> Self::Fields {
+        StrFields {
+            content: builder.add_field("content", AddressLens(IntLens(builder.ctx.i8_type()))),
+            length: builder.add_field("length", IntLens(self.size_type)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ErrorIdsFields<'ctx> {
+    pub index_error: GepGetter<IntLens<'ctx>>,
+    pub value_error: GepGetter<IntLens<'ctx>>,
+    pub assertion_error: GepGetter<IntLens<'ctx>>,
+    pub runtime_error: GepGetter<IntLens<'ctx>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct ErrorIdsLens;
+
+impl<'ctx> StructureOptic<'ctx> for ErrorIdsLens {
+    type Fields = ErrorIdsFields<'ctx>;
+
+    fn struct_name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "ErrorIds"
+    }
+
+    fn build_fields(&self, builder: &mut FieldBuilder<'ctx>) -> Self::Fields {
+        let i32_lens = IntLens(builder.ctx.i32_type());
+        ErrorIdsFields {
+            index_error: builder.add_field("index_error", i32_lens),
+            value_error: builder.add_field("value_error", i32_lens),
+            assertion_error: builder.add_field("assertion_error", i32_lens),
+            runtime_error: builder.add_field("runtime_error", i32_lens),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ErrorContextFields<'ctx> {
+    pub error_ids: GepGetter<AddressLens<ErrorIdsLens>>,
+    pub error_id: GepGetter<IntLens<'ctx>>,
+    pub message_template: GepGetter<AddressLens<IntLens<'ctx>>>,
+    pub param1: GepGetter<IntLens<'ctx>>,
+    pub param2: GepGetter<IntLens<'ctx>>,
+    pub param3: GepGetter<IntLens<'ctx>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct ErrorContextLens;
+
+impl<'ctx> StructureOptic<'ctx> for ErrorContextLens {
+    type Fields = ErrorContextFields<'ctx>;
+
+    fn struct_name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "ErrorContext"
+    }
+
+    fn build_fields(&self, builder: &mut FieldBuilder<'ctx>) -> Self::Fields {
+        ErrorContextFields {
+            error_ids: builder.add_field("error_ids", AddressLens(ErrorIdsLens)),
+            error_id: builder.add_field("error_id", IntLens(builder.ctx.i32_type())),
+            message_template: builder
+                .add_field("message_template", AddressLens(IntLens(builder.ctx.i8_type()))),
+            param1: builder.add_field("param1", IntLens(builder.ctx.i64_type())),
+            param2: builder.add_field("param2", IntLens(builder.ctx.i64_type())),
+            param3: builder.add_field("param3", IntLens(builder.ctx.i64_type())),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn build_error_ids<'ctx>(ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> Address<'ctx, ErrorIdsLens> {
+    // ErrorIdsLens.get_fields(ctx.ctx).assertion_error.
+    let error_ids = ErrorIdsLens.alloca(ctx, "error_ids");
+    let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
+
+    let get_string_id =
+        |string_id| llvm_i32.const_int(ctx.resolver.get_string_id(string_id) as u64, false);
+
+    error_ids.focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.index_error).store(ctx, &get_string_id("0:IndexError"));
+    error_ids.focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.value_error).store(ctx, &get_string_id("0:ValueError"));
+    error_ids
+        .focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.assertion_error)
+        .store(ctx, &get_string_id("0:AssertionError"));
+    error_ids
+        .focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.runtime_error)
+        .store(ctx, &get_string_id("0:RuntimeError"));
+
+    error_ids
+}
+
+pub fn call_nac3_error_context_initialize<'ctx>(
+    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    errctx: &Address<'ctx, ErrorContextLens>,
+    error_ids: &Address<'ctx, ErrorIdsLens>,
+) {
+    FunctionBuilder::begin(ctx, "__nac3_error_context_initialize")
+        .arg("errctx", &AddressLens(ErrorContextLens), errctx)
+        .arg("error_ids", &AddressLens(ErrorIdsLens), error_ids)
+        .returning_void();
+}
+
+pub fn call_nac3_error_context_has_no_error<'ctx>(
+    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    errctx: &Address<'ctx, ErrorContextLens>,
+) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
+    FunctionBuilder::begin(ctx, "__nac3_error_context_has_no_error")
+        .arg("errctx", &AddressLens(ErrorContextLens), errctx)
+        .returning("has_error", &IntLens(ctx.ctx.bool_type()))
+}
+
+pub fn call_nac3_error_context_get_error_str<'ctx>(
+    size_type: IntType<'ctx>,
+    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    errctx: &Address<'ctx, ErrorContextLens>,
+    dst_str: &Address<'ctx, StrLens<'ctx>>,
+) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
+    FunctionBuilder::begin(
+        ctx,
+        &get_sized_dependent_function_name(size_type, "__nac3_error_context_get_error_str"),
+    )
+    .arg("errctx", &AddressLens(ErrorContextLens), errctx)
+    .arg("dst_str", &AddressLens(StrLens { size_type }), dst_str)
+    .returning("has_error", &IntLens(ctx.ctx.bool_type()))
+}
+
+pub fn prepare_error_context<'ctx>(
+    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+) -> Address<'ctx, ErrorContextLens> {
+    let error_ids = build_error_ids(ctx);
+    let errctx_ptr = ErrorContextLens.alloca(ctx, "errctx");
+    call_nac3_error_context_initialize(ctx, &errctx_ptr, &error_ids);
+    errctx_ptr
+}
+
+pub fn check_error_context<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    errctx_ptr: &Address<'ctx, ErrorContextLens>,
+) {
+    let size_type = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+
+    let has_error = call_nac3_error_context_has_no_error(ctx, errctx_ptr);
+    let error_str_ptr = StrLens { size_type }.alloca(ctx, "error_str");
+    call_nac3_error_context_get_error_str(size_type, ctx, errctx_ptr, &error_str_ptr);
+
+    let error_id = errctx_ptr.focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.error_id).load(ctx, "error_id");
+    let error_str = error_str_ptr.load(ctx, "error_str");
+    let param1 = errctx_ptr.focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.param1).load(ctx, "param1");
+    let param2 = errctx_ptr.focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.param2).load(ctx, "param2");
+    let param3 = errctx_ptr.focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.param3).load(ctx, "param3");
+    ctx.make_assert_impl_by_id(
+        generator,
+        has_error,
+        error_id,
+        error_str.get_llvm_value(),
+        [Some(param1), Some(param2), Some(param3)],
+        ctx.current_loc,
+    );
+}
+
+pub fn call_nac3_dummy_raise<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext,
+) {
+    let errctx = prepare_error_context(ctx);
+    FunctionBuilder::begin(ctx, "__nac3_error_dummy_raise")
+        .arg("errctx", &AddressLens(ErrorContextLens), &errctx)
+        .returning_void();
+    check_error_context(generator, ctx, &errctx);
+}

nac3core/src/codegen/irrt/mod.rs

@@ -1,29 +1,33 @@
-use crate::{symbol_resolver::SymbolResolver, typecheck::typedef::Type};
+use crate::typecheck::typedef::Type;
 
 use super::{
     classes::{
         ArrayLikeIndexer, ArrayLikeValue, ArraySliceValue, ListValue, NDArrayValue,
-        TypedArrayLikeAccessor, TypedArrayLikeAdapter, UntypedArrayLikeAccessor,
+        TypedArrayLikeAdapter, UntypedArrayLikeAccessor,
     },
-    llvm_intrinsics,
+    llvm_intrinsics, CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-    macros::codegen_unreachable,
-    stmt::gen_for_callback_incrementing,
-    CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
 };
+use crate::codegen::classes::TypedArrayLikeAccessor;
+use crate::codegen::stmt::gen_for_callback_incrementing;
 use inkwell::{
     attributes::{Attribute, AttributeLoc},
     context::Context,
     memory_buffer::MemoryBuffer,
     module::Module,
     types::{BasicTypeEnum, IntType},
-    values::{BasicValue, BasicValueEnum, CallSiteValue, FloatValue, IntValue},
+    values::{BasicValueEnum, CallSiteValue, FloatValue, IntValue},
     AddressSpace, IntPredicate,
 };
 use itertools::Either;
 use nac3parser::ast::Expr;
 
+pub mod error_context;
+pub mod numpy;
+pub mod test;
+pub mod util;
+
 #[must_use]
-pub fn load_irrt<'ctx>(ctx: &'ctx Context, symbol_resolver: &dyn SymbolResolver) -> Module<'ctx> {
+pub fn load_irrt(ctx: &Context) -> Module {
     let bitcode_buf = MemoryBuffer::create_from_memory_range(
         include_bytes!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/irrt.bc")),
         "irrt_bitcode_buffer",
@@ -39,25 +43,6 @@ pub fn load_irrt<'ctx>(ctx: &'ctx Context, symbol_resolver: &dyn SymbolResolver)
         let function = irrt_mod.get_function(symbol).unwrap();
         function.add_attribute(AttributeLoc::Function, ctx.create_enum_attribute(inline_attr, 0));
     }
-
-    // Initialize all global `EXN_*` exception IDs in IRRT with the [`SymbolResolver`].
-    let exn_id_type = ctx.i32_type();
-    let errors = &[
-        ("EXN_INDEX_ERROR", "0:IndexError"),
-        ("EXN_VALUE_ERROR", "0:ValueError"),
-        ("EXN_ASSERTION_ERROR", "0:AssertionError"),
-        ("EXN_TYPE_ERROR", "0:TypeError"),
-    ];
-    for (irrt_name, symbol_name) in errors {
-        let exn_id = symbol_resolver.get_string_id(symbol_name);
-        let exn_id = exn_id_type.const_int(exn_id as u64, false).as_basic_value_enum();
-
-        let global = irrt_mod.get_global(irrt_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            panic!("Exception symbol name '{irrt_name}' should exist in the IRRT LLVM module")
-        });
-        global.set_initializer(&exn_id);
-    }
-
     irrt_mod
 }
 
@@ -75,7 +60,7 @@ pub fn integer_power<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
         (64, 64, true) => "__nac3_int_exp_int64_t",
         (32, 32, false) => "__nac3_int_exp_uint32_t",
         (64, 64, false) => "__nac3_int_exp_uint64_t",
-        _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx),
+        _ => unreachable!(),
     };
     let base_type = base.get_type();
     let pow_fun = ctx.module.get_function(symbol).unwrap_or_else(|| {
@@ -461,7 +446,7 @@ pub fn list_slice_assignment<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                     BasicTypeEnum::IntType(t) => t.size_of(),
                     BasicTypeEnum::PointerType(t) => t.size_of(),
                     BasicTypeEnum::StructType(t) => t.size_of().unwrap(),
-                    _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx),
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
                 };
                 ctx.builder.build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(s, int32, "size").unwrap()
             }
@@ -588,8 +573,7 @@ pub fn call_j0<'ctx>(ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, v: FloatValue<'ctx>) -> Flo
 ///
 /// * `dims` - An [`ArrayLikeIndexer`] containing the size of each dimension.
 /// * `range` - The dimension index to begin and end (exclusively) calculating the dimensions for,
-///   or [`None`] if starting from the first dimension and ending at the last dimension
+/// or [`None`] if starting from the first dimension and ending at the last dimension respectively.
-///   respectively.
 pub fn call_ndarray_calc_size<'ctx, G, Dims>(
     generator: &G,
     ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
@@ -606,7 +590,7 @@ where
     let ndarray_calc_size_fn_name = match llvm_usize.get_bit_width() {
         32 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_size",
         64 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_size64",
-        bw => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
+        bw => unreachable!("Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
     };
     let ndarray_calc_size_fn_t = llvm_usize.fn_type(
         &[llvm_pusize.into(), llvm_usize.into(), llvm_usize.into(), llvm_usize.into()],
@@ -641,7 +625,7 @@ where
 ///
 /// * `index` - The index to compute the multidimensional index for.
 /// * `ndarray` - LLVM pointer to the `NDArray`. This value must be the LLVM representation of an
-///   `NDArray`.
+/// `NDArray`.
 pub fn call_ndarray_calc_nd_indices<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     generator: &G,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
@@ -657,7 +641,7 @@ pub fn call_ndarray_calc_nd_indices<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     let ndarray_calc_nd_indices_fn_name = match llvm_usize.get_bit_width() {
         32 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices",
         64 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices64",
-        bw => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
+        bw => unreachable!("Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
     };
     let ndarray_calc_nd_indices_fn =
         ctx.module.get_function(ndarray_calc_nd_indices_fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
@@ -726,7 +710,7 @@ where
     let ndarray_flatten_index_fn_name = match llvm_usize.get_bit_width() {
         32 => "__nac3_ndarray_flatten_index",
         64 => "__nac3_ndarray_flatten_index64",
-        bw => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
+        bw => unreachable!("Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
     };
     let ndarray_flatten_index_fn =
         ctx.module.get_function(ndarray_flatten_index_fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
@@ -765,7 +749,7 @@ where
 /// multidimensional index.
 ///
 /// * `ndarray` - LLVM pointer to the `NDArray`. This value must be the LLVM representation of an
-///   `NDArray`.
+/// `NDArray`.
 /// * `indices` - The multidimensional index to compute the flattened index for.
 pub fn call_ndarray_flatten_index<'ctx, G, Index>(
     generator: &mut G,
@@ -794,7 +778,7 @@ pub fn call_ndarray_calc_broadcast<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     let ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn_name = match llvm_usize.get_bit_width() {
         32 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast",
         64 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast64",
-        bw => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
+        bw => unreachable!("Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
     };
     let ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn =
         ctx.module.get_function(ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
@@ -819,7 +803,6 @@ pub fn call_ndarray_calc_broadcast<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     gen_for_callback_incrementing(
         generator,
         ctx,
-        None,
         llvm_usize.const_zero(),
         (min_ndims, false),
         |generator, ctx, _, idx| {
@@ -914,7 +897,7 @@ pub fn call_ndarray_calc_broadcast_index<
     let ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn_name = match llvm_usize.get_bit_width() {
         32 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx",
         64 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx64",
-        bw => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
+        bw => unreachable!("Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
     };
     let ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn =
         ctx.module.get_function(ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {

nac3core/src/codegen/irrt/numpy.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use inkwell::{
+    types::{BasicType, BasicTypeEnum, IntType},
+    values::{BasicValueEnum, IntValue, PointerValue},
+};
+
+use crate::codegen::optics::*;
+use crate::{
+    codegen::{
+        classes::{ListValue, UntypedArrayLikeAccessor},
+        stmt::gen_for_callback_incrementing,
+        CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
+    },
+    typecheck::typedef::{Type, TypeEnum},
+};
+
+use super::{
+    error_context::{check_error_context, prepare_error_context, ErrorContextLens},
+    util::{get_sized_dependent_function_name, FunctionBuilder},
+};
+
+pub struct NpArrayFields<'ctx> {
+    pub data: GepGetter<AddressLens<IntLens<'ctx>>>,
+    pub itemsize: GepGetter<IntLens<'ctx>>,
+    pub ndims: GepGetter<IntLens<'ctx>>,
+    pub shape: GepGetter<AddressLens<IntLens<'ctx>>>,
+    pub strides: GepGetter<AddressLens<IntLens<'ctx>>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct NpArrayLens<'ctx> {
+    pub size_type: IntType<'ctx>,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> StructureOptic<'ctx> for NpArrayLens<'ctx> {
+    type Fields = NpArrayFields<'ctx>;
+
+    fn struct_name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "NDArray"
+    }
+
+    fn build_fields(&self, builder: &mut FieldBuilder<'ctx>) -> Self::Fields {
+        NpArrayFields {
+            data: builder.add_field("data", AddressLens(IntLens(builder.ctx.i8_type()))),
+            itemsize: builder.add_field("itemsize", IntLens(builder.ctx.i8_type())),
+            ndims: builder.add_field("ndims", IntLens(builder.ctx.i8_type())),
+            shape: builder.add_field("shape", AddressLens(IntLens(self.size_type))),
+            strides: builder.add_field("strides", AddressLens(IntLens(self.size_type))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Other convenient utilities for NpArray
+impl<'ctx> Address<'ctx, NpArrayLens<'ctx>> {
+    pub fn shape_array(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> ArraySlice<'ctx, IntLens<'ctx>> {
+        let ndims = self.focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.ndims).load(ctx, "ndims");
+        let shape_base_ptr = self.focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.shape).load(ctx, "shape");
+        ArraySlice { num_elements: ndims, base: shape_base_ptr }
+    }
+
+    pub fn strides_array(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> ArraySlice<'ctx, IntLens<'ctx>> {
+        let ndims = self.focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.ndims).load(ctx, "ndims");
+        let strides_base_ptr = self.focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.strides).load(ctx, "strides");
+        ArraySlice { num_elements: ndims, base: strides_base_ptr }
+    }
+}
+
+type ProducerWriteToArray<'ctx, G, ElementOptic> = Box<
+    dyn Fn(
+            &mut G,
+            &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+            &ArraySlice<'ctx, ElementOptic>,
+        ) -> Result<(), String>
+        + 'ctx,
+>;
+
+struct Producer<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized, ElementOptic> {
+    pub count: IntValue<'ctx>,
+    pub write_to_array: ProducerWriteToArray<'ctx, G, ElementOptic>,
+}
+
+/// TODO: UPDATE DOCUMENTATION
+/// LLVM-typed implementation for generating a [`Producer`] that sets a list of ints.
+///
+/// * `elem_ty` - The element type of the `NDArray`.
+/// * `shape` - The `shape` parameter used to construct the `NDArray`.
+///
+/// ### Notes on `shape`
+///
+/// Just like numpy, the `shape` argument can be:
+///   1. A list of `int32`;   e.g., `np.empty([600, 800, 3])`
+///   2. A tuple of `int32`;  e.g., `np.empty((600, 800, 3))`
+///   3. A scalar `int32`;     e.g., `np.empty(3)`, this is functionally equivalent to `np.empty([3])`
+///
+/// See also [`typecheck::type_inferencer::fold_numpy_function_call_shape_argument`] to
+/// learn how `shape` gets from being a Python user expression to here.
+pub fn parse_input_shape_arg<'ctx, G>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    shape: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
+    shape_ty: Type,
+) -> Producer<'ctx, G, IntLens<'ctx>>
+where
+    G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized,
+{
+    let size_type = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+
+    match &*ctx.unifier.get_ty(shape_ty) {
+        TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, .. }
+            if *obj_id == ctx.primitives.list.obj_id(&ctx.unifier).unwrap() =>
+        {
+            // 1. A list of ints; e.g., `np.empty([600, 800, 3])`
+
+            // A list has to be a PointerValue
+            let shape_list = ListValue::from_ptr_val(shape.into_pointer_value(), size_type, None);
+
+            // Create `Producer`
+            let ndims = shape_list.load_size(ctx, Some("count"));
+            Producer {
+                count: ndims,
+                write_to_array: Box::new(move |ctx, generator, dst_array| {
+                    // Basically iterate through the list and write to `dst_slice` accordingly
+                    let init_val = size_type.const_zero();
+                    let max_val = (ndims, false);
+                    let incr_val = size_type.const_int(1, false);
+                    gen_for_callback_incrementing(
+                        ctx,
+                        generator,
+                        init_val,
+                        max_val,
+                        |generator, ctx, _hooks, axis| {
+                            // Get the dimension at `axis`
+                            let dim =
+                                shape_list.data().get(ctx, generator, &axis, None).into_int_value();
+
+                            // Cast `dim` to SizeT
+                            let dim = ctx
+                                .builder
+                                .build_int_s_extend_or_bit_cast(dim, size_type, "dim_casted")
+                                .unwrap();
+
+                            // Write
+                            dst_array.ix(ctx, axis, "dim").store(ctx, &dim);
+                            Ok(())
+                        },
+                        incr_val,
+                    )
+                }),
+            }
+        }
+        TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: tuple_types } => {
+            // 2. A tuple of ints; e.g., `np.empty((600, 800, 3))`
+
+            // Get the length/size of the tuple, which also happens to be the value of `ndims`.
+            let ndims = tuple_types.len();
+
+            // A tuple has to be a StructValue
+            // Read [`codegen::expr::gen_expr`] to see how `nac3core` translates a Python tuple into LLVM.
+            let shape_tuple = shape.into_struct_value();
+
+            Producer {
+                count: size_type.const_int(ndims as u64, false),
+                write_to_array: Box::new(move |_generator, ctx, dst_array| {
+                    for axis in 0..ndims {
+                        // Get the dimension at `axis`
+                        let dim = ctx
+                            .builder
+                            .build_extract_value(
+                                shape_tuple,
+                                axis as u32,
+                                format!("dim{axis}").as_str(),
+                            )
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .into_int_value();
+
+                        // Cast `dim` to SizeT
+                        let dim = ctx
+                            .builder
+                            .build_int_s_extend_or_bit_cast(dim, size_type, "dim_casted")
+                            .unwrap();
+
+                        // Write
+                        dst_array
+                            .ix(ctx, size_type.const_int(axis as u64, false), "dim")
+                            .store(ctx, &dim);
+                    }
+                    Ok(())
+                }),
+            }
+        }
+        TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, .. }
+            if *obj_id == ctx.primitives.int32.obj_id(&ctx.unifier).unwrap() =>
+        {
+            // 3. A scalar int; e.g., `np.empty(3)`, this is functionally equivalent to `np.empty([3])`
+
+            // The value has to be an integer
+            let shape_int = shape.into_int_value();
+
+            Producer {
+                count: size_type.const_int(1, false),
+                write_to_array: Box::new(move |_generator, ctx, dst_array| {
+                    // Cast `shape_int` to SizeT
+                    let dim = ctx
+                        .builder
+                        .build_int_s_extend_or_bit_cast(shape_int, size_type, "dim_casted")
+                        .unwrap();
+
+                    // Write
+                    dst_array
+                        .ix(ctx, size_type.const_zero() /* Only index 0 is set */, "dim")
+                        .store(ctx, &dim);
+
+                    Ok(())
+                }),
+            }
+        }
+        _ => panic!("parse_input_shape_arg encountered unknown type"),
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn alloca_ndarray<'ctx, G>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    elem_type: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
+    ndims: IntValue<'ctx>,
+    name: &str,
+) -> Result<Address<'ctx, NpArrayLens<'ctx>>, String>
+where
+    G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized,
+{
+    let size_type = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+
+    // Allocate ndarray
+    let ndarray_ptr = NpArrayLens { size_type }.alloca(ctx, name);
+
+    // Set ndims
+    ndarray_ptr.focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.ndims).store(ctx, &ndims);
+
+    // Set itemsize
+    let itemsize = elem_type.size_of().unwrap();
+    let itemsize =
+        ctx.builder.build_int_s_extend_or_bit_cast(itemsize, size_type, "itemsize").unwrap();
+    ndarray_ptr.focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.itemsize).store(ctx, &itemsize);
+
+    // Allocate and set shape
+    let shape_ptr = ctx.builder.build_array_alloca(size_type, ndims, "shape").unwrap();
+    ndarray_ptr
+        .focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.shape)
+        .store(ctx, &Address { addressee_optic: IntLens(size_type), address: shape_ptr });
+
+    // Allocate and set strides
+    let strides_ptr = ctx.builder.build_array_alloca(size_type, ndims, "strides").unwrap();
+    ndarray_ptr
+        .focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.strides)
+        .store(ctx, &Address { addressee_optic: IntLens(size_type), address: strides_ptr });
+
+    Ok(ndarray_ptr)
+}
+
+pub enum NDArrayInitMode<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized> {
+    NDim { ndim: IntValue<'ctx> },
+    Shape { shape: Producer<'ctx, G, IntLens<'ctx>> },
+    ShapeAndAllocaData { shape: Producer<'ctx, G, IntLens<'ctx>> },
+}
+
+/// TODO: DOCUMENT ME
+pub fn alloca_ndarray_and_init<'ctx, G>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    elem_type: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
+    init_mode: NDArrayInitMode<'ctx, G>,
+    name: &str,
+) -> Result<Address<'ctx, NpArrayLens<'ctx>>, String>
+where
+    G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized,
+{
+    // It is implemented verbosely in order to make the initialization modes super clear in their intent.
+    match init_mode {
+        NDArrayInitMode::NDim { ndim } => {
+            let ndarray = alloca_ndarray(generator, ctx, elem_type, ndims, name)?;
+            Ok(ndarray)
+        }
+        NDArrayInitMode::Shape { shape } => {
+            let ndims = shape.count;
+            let ndarray_ptr = alloca_ndarray(generator, ctx, elem_type, ndims, name)?;
+
+            // Fill `ndarray.shape`
+            (shape.write_to_array)(generator, ctx, &ndarray_ptr.shape_array(ctx))?;
+
+            // Check if `shape` has bad inputs
+            call_nac3_ndarray_util_assert_shape_no_negative(
+                generator,
+                ctx,
+                ndims,
+                &ndarray_ptr.focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.shape).load(ctx, "shape"),
+            );
+
+            // NOTE: DO NOT DO `set_strides_by_shape` HERE.
+            // Simply this is because we specified that `SetShape` wouldn't do `set_strides_by_shape`
+
+            Ok(ndarray_ptr)
+        }
+        NDArrayInitMode::ShapeAndAllocaData { shape } => {
+            let ndims = shape.count;
+            let ndarray_ptr = alloca_ndarray(generator, ctx, elem_type, ndims, name)?;
+
+            // Fill `ndarray.shape`
+            (shape.write_to_array)(generator, ctx, &ndarray_ptr.shape_array(ctx))?;
+
+            // Check if `shape` has bad inputs
+            call_nac3_ndarray_util_assert_shape_no_negative(
+                generator,
+                ctx,
+                ndims,
+                &ndarray_ptr.focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.shape).load(ctx, "shape"),
+            );
+
+            // Now we populate `ndarray.data` by alloca-ing.
+            // But first, we need to know the size of the ndarray to know how many elements to alloca,
+            // since calculating nbytes of an ndarray requires `ndarray.shape` to be set.
+            let ndarray_nbytes = call_nac3_ndarray_nbytes(generator, ctx, &ndarray_ptr);
+
+            // Alloca `data` and assign it to `ndarray.data`
+            let data_ptr =
+                ctx.builder.build_array_alloca(ctx.ctx.i8_type(), ndarray_nbytes, "data").unwrap();
+            ndarray_ptr.focus(ctx, |fields| &fields.data).store(
+                ctx,
+                &Address { addressee_optic: IntLens::int8(ctx.ctx), address: data_ptr },
+            );
+
+            // Finally, do `set_strides_by_shape`
+            // Check out https://ajcr.net/stride-guide-part-1/ to see what numpy "strides" are.
+            call_nac3_ndarray_set_strides_by_shape(generator, ctx, &ndarray_ptr);
+
+            Ok(ndarray_ptr)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn call_nac3_ndarray_util_assert_shape_no_negative<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    ndims: IntValue<'ctx>,
+    shape_ptr: &Address<'ctx, IntLens<'ctx>>,
+) {
+    let size_type = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+
+    let errctx = prepare_error_context(ctx);
+    FunctionBuilder::begin(
+        ctx,
+        &get_sized_dependent_function_name(
+            size_type,
+            "__nac3_ndarray_util_assert_shape_no_negative",
+        ),
+    )
+    .arg("errctx", &AddressLens(ErrorContextLens), &errctx)
+    .arg("ndims", &IntLens(size_type), &ndims)
+    .arg("shape", &AddressLens(IntLens(size_type)), shape_ptr)
+    .returning_void();
+    check_error_context(generator, ctx, &errctx);
+}
+
+fn call_nac3_ndarray_set_strides_by_shape<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    ndarray_ptr: &Address<'ctx, NpArrayLens<'ctx>>,
+) {
+    let size_type = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+
+    FunctionBuilder::begin(
+        ctx,
+        &get_sized_dependent_function_name(
+            size_type,
+            "__nac3_ndarray_util_assert_shape_no_negative",
+        ),
+    )
+    .arg("ndarray", &AddressLens(NpArrayLens { size_type }), ndarray_ptr)
+    .returning_void();
+}
+
+fn call_nac3_ndarray_nbytes<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    ndarray_ptr: &Address<'ctx, NpArrayLens<'ctx>>,
+) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
+    let size_type = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+
+    FunctionBuilder::begin(
+        ctx,
+        &get_sized_dependent_function_name(
+            size_type,
+            "__nac3_ndarray_util_assert_shape_no_negative",
+        ),
+    )
+    .arg("ndarray", &AddressLens(NpArrayLens { size_type }), ndarray_ptr)
+    .returning("nbytes", &IntLens(size_type))
+}
+
+pub fn call_nac3_ndarray_fill_generic<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    ndarray_ptr: &Address<'ctx, NpArrayLens<'ctx>>,
+    fill_value_ptr: PointerValue<'ctx>,
+) {
+    let size_type = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+
+    FunctionBuilder::begin(
+        ctx,
+        &get_sized_dependent_function_name(size_type, "__nac3_ndarray_fill_generic"),
+    )
+    .arg("ndarray", &AddressLens(NpArrayLens { size_type }), ndarray_ptr)
+    .arg("pvalue", &OpaqueAddressLens, fill_value_ptr)
+    .returning_void();
+}

nac3core/src/codegen/irrt/test.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::{path::Path, process::Command};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn run_irrt_test() {
+        assert!(
+            cfg!(feature = "test"),
+            "Please do `cargo test -F test` to compile `irrt_test.out` and run test"
+        );
+
+        let irrt_test_out_path = Path::new(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/irrt_test.out"));
+        let output = Command::new(irrt_test_out_path.to_str().unwrap()).output().unwrap();
+        if !output.status.success() {
+            eprintln!("irrt_test failed with status {}:", output.status);
+            eprintln!("====== stdout ======");
+            eprintln!("{}", String::from_utf8(output.stdout).unwrap());
+            eprintln!("====== stderr ======");
+            eprintln!("{}", String::from_utf8(output.stderr).unwrap());
+            eprintln!("====================");
+
+            panic!("irrt_test failed");
+        }
+    }
+}

nac3core/src/codegen/irrt/util.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+use inkwell::{
+    types::{BasicMetadataTypeEnum, BasicType, IntType},
+    values::{AnyValue, BasicMetadataValueEnum},
+};
+
+use crate::codegen::optics::*;
+use crate::{codegen::CodeGenContext, util::SizeVariant};
+
+fn get_size_variant(ty: IntType) -> SizeVariant {
+    match ty.get_bit_width() {
+        32 => SizeVariant::Bits32,
+        64 => SizeVariant::Bits64,
+        _ => unreachable!("Unsupported int type bit width {}", ty.get_bit_width()),
+    }
+}
+
+#[must_use]
+pub fn get_sized_dependent_function_name(ty: IntType, fn_name: &str) -> String {
+    let mut fn_name = fn_name.to_owned();
+    match get_size_variant(ty) {
+        SizeVariant::Bits32 => {
+            // Do nothing, `fn_name` already has the correct name
+        }
+        SizeVariant::Bits64 => {
+            // Append "64", this is the naming convention
+            fn_name.push_str("64");
+        }
+    }
+    fn_name
+}
+
+// TODO: Variadic argument?
+pub struct FunctionBuilder<'ctx, 'a> {
+    ctx: &'a CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
+    fn_name: &'a str,
+    arguments: Vec<(BasicMetadataTypeEnum<'ctx>, BasicMetadataValueEnum<'ctx>)>,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx, 'a> FunctionBuilder<'ctx, 'a> {
+    pub fn begin(ctx: &'a CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>, fn_name: &'a str) -> Self {
+        FunctionBuilder { ctx, fn_name, arguments: Vec::new() }
+    }
+
+    // The name is for self-documentation
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn arg<S: MemoryOptic<'ctx>>(mut self, _name: &'static str, optic: &S, arg: &S::MemoryValue) -> Self {
+        self.arguments
+            .push((optic.get_llvm_type(self.ctx.ctx).into(), arg.get_llvm_value().into()));
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn returning<S: Prism<'ctx>>(self, name: &'static str, return_prism: &S) -> S::MemoryValue {
+        let (param_tys, param_vals): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) = self.arguments.into_iter().unzip();
+
+        let function = self.ctx.module.get_function(self.fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            let return_type = return_prism.get_llvm_type(self.ctx.ctx);
+            let fn_type = return_type.fn_type(&param_tys, false);
+            self.ctx.module.add_function(self.fn_name, fn_type, None)
+        });
+
+        let ret = self.ctx.builder.build_call(function, &param_vals, name).unwrap();
+        return_prism.review(ret.as_any_value_enum())
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Code duplication, but otherwise returning<S: Optic<'ctx>> cannot resolve S if return_optic = None
+    pub fn returning_void(self) {
+        let (param_tys, param_vals): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) = self.arguments.into_iter().unzip();
+
+        let function = self.ctx.module.get_function(self.fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            let return_type = self.ctx.ctx.void_type();
+            let fn_type = return_type.fn_type(&param_tys, false);
+            self.ctx.module.add_function(self.fn_name, fn_type, None)
+        });
+
+        self.ctx.builder.build_call(function, &param_vals, "").unwrap();
+    }
+}

nac3core/src/codegen/llvm_intrinsics.rs

@@ -35,38 +35,52 @@ fn get_float_intrinsic_repr(ctx: &Context, ft: FloatType) -> &'static str {
     unreachable!()
 }
 
-/// Invokes the [`llvm.va_start`](https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#llvm-va-start-intrinsic)
+/// Invokes the [`llvm.lifetime.start`](https://releases.llvm.org/14.0.0/docs/LangRef.html#llvm-lifetime-start-intrinsic)
 /// intrinsic.
-pub fn call_va_start<'ctx>(ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, arglist: PointerValue<'ctx>) {
+pub fn call_lifetime_start<'ctx>(
-    const FN_NAME: &str = "llvm.va_start";
+    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-
+    size: IntValue<'ctx>,
+    ptr: PointerValue<'ctx>,
+) {
+    const FN_NAME: &str = "llvm.lifetime.start";
+    // NOTE: inkwell temporary workaround, see [`call_stackrestore`] for details
     let intrinsic_fn = ctx.module.get_function(FN_NAME).unwrap_or_else(|| {
         let llvm_void = ctx.ctx.void_type();
-        let llvm_i8 = ctx.ctx.i8_type();
+        let llvm_i64 = ctx.ctx.i64_type();
-        let llvm_p0i8 = llvm_i8.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
+        let llvm_p0i8 = ctx.ctx.i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-        let fn_type = llvm_void.fn_type(&[llvm_p0i8.into()], false);
+        let fn_type = llvm_void.fn_type(&[llvm_i64.into(), llvm_p0i8.into()], false);
 
         ctx.module.add_function(FN_NAME, fn_type, None)
     });
 
-    ctx.builder.build_call(intrinsic_fn, &[arglist.into()], "").unwrap();
+    ctx.builder
+        .build_call(intrinsic_fn, &[size.into(), ptr.into()], "")
+        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
+        .unwrap();
 }
 
-/// Invokes the [`llvm.va_start`](https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#llvm-va-start-intrinsic)
+/// Invokes the [`llvm.lifetime.end`](https://releases.llvm.org/14.0.0/docs/LangRef.html#llvm-lifetime-end-intrinsic)
 /// intrinsic.
-pub fn call_va_end<'ctx>(ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, arglist: PointerValue<'ctx>) {
+pub fn call_lifetime_end<'ctx>(
-    const FN_NAME: &str = "llvm.va_end";
+    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-
+    size: IntValue<'ctx>,
+    ptr: PointerValue<'ctx>,
+) {
+    const FN_NAME: &str = "llvm.lifetime.end";
+    // NOTE: inkwell temporary workaround, see [`call_stackrestore`] for details
     let intrinsic_fn = ctx.module.get_function(FN_NAME).unwrap_or_else(|| {
         let llvm_void = ctx.ctx.void_type();
-        let llvm_i8 = ctx.ctx.i8_type();
+        let llvm_i64 = ctx.ctx.i64_type();
-        let llvm_p0i8 = llvm_i8.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
+        let llvm_p0i8 = ctx.ctx.i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-        let fn_type = llvm_void.fn_type(&[llvm_p0i8.into()], false);
+        let fn_type = llvm_void.fn_type(&[llvm_i64.into(), llvm_p0i8.into()], false);
 
         ctx.module.add_function(FN_NAME, fn_type, None)
     });
 
-    ctx.builder.build_call(intrinsic_fn, &[arglist.into()], "").unwrap();
+    ctx.builder
+        .build_call(intrinsic_fn, &[size.into(), ptr.into()], "")
+        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
+        .unwrap();
 }
 
 /// Invokes the [`llvm.stacksave`](https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#llvm-stacksave-intrinsic)
@@ -183,7 +197,7 @@ pub fn call_memcpy_generic<'ctx>(
         dest
     } else {
         ctx.builder
-            .build_bit_cast(dest, llvm_p0i8, "")
+            .build_bitcast(dest, llvm_p0i8, "")
             .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
             .unwrap()
     };
@@ -191,7 +205,7 @@ pub fn call_memcpy_generic<'ctx>(
         src
     } else {
         ctx.builder
-            .build_bit_cast(src, llvm_p0i8, "")
+            .build_bitcast(src, llvm_p0i8, "")
             .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
             .unwrap()
     };
@@ -205,9 +219,8 @@ pub fn call_memcpy_generic<'ctx>(
 /// * `$ctx:ident`: Reference to the current Code Generation Context
 /// * `$name:ident`: Optional name to be assigned to the llvm build call (Option<&str>)
 /// * `$llvm_name:literal`: Name of underlying llvm intrinsic function
-/// * `$map_fn:ident`: Mapping function to be applied on `BasicValue` (`BasicValue` -> Function Return Type).
+/// * `$map_fn:ident`: Mapping function to be applied on `BasicValue` (`BasicValue` -> Function Return Type)
-///   Use `BasicValueEnum::into_int_value` for Integer return type and
+/// Use `BasicValueEnum::into_int_value` for Integer return type and `BasicValueEnum::into_float_value` for Float return type
-///   `BasicValueEnum::into_float_value` for Float return type
 /// * `$llvm_ty:ident`: Type of first operand
 /// * `,($val:ident)*`: Comma separated list of operands
 macro_rules! generate_llvm_intrinsic_fn_body {
@@ -223,8 +236,8 @@ macro_rules! generate_llvm_intrinsic_fn_body {
 /// Arguments:
 /// * `float/int`: Indicates the return and argument type of the function
 /// * `$fn_name:ident`: The identifier of the rust function to be generated
-/// * `$llvm_name:literal`: Name of underlying llvm intrinsic function.
+/// * `$llvm_name:literal`: Name of underlying llvm intrinsic function
-///   Omit "llvm." prefix from the function name i.e. use "ceil" instead of "llvm.ceil"
+/// Omit "llvm." prefix from the function name i.e. use "ceil" instead of "llvm.ceil"
 /// * `$val:ident`: The operand for unary operations
 /// * `$val1:ident`, `$val2:ident`: The operands for binary operations
 macro_rules! generate_llvm_intrinsic_fn {

nac3core/src/codegen/mod.rs

@@ -23,8 +23,10 @@ use inkwell::{
     values::{BasicValueEnum, FunctionValue, IntValue, PhiValue, PointerValue},
     AddressSpace, IntPredicate, OptimizationLevel,
 };
+use irrt::error_context::StrLens;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use nac3parser::ast::{Location, Stmt, StrRef};
+use optics::MemoryOptic as _;
 use parking_lot::{Condvar, Mutex};
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::sync::{
@@ -42,6 +44,8 @@ mod generator;
 pub mod irrt;
 pub mod llvm_intrinsics;
 pub mod numpy;
+pub mod numpy_new;
+pub mod optics;
 pub mod stmt;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -50,22 +54,6 @@ mod test;
 use concrete_type::{ConcreteType, ConcreteTypeEnum, ConcreteTypeStore};
 pub use generator::{CodeGenerator, DefaultCodeGenerator};
 
-mod macros {
-    /// Codegen-variant of [`std::unreachable`] which accepts an instance of [`CodeGenContext`] as
-    /// its first argument to provide Python source information to indicate the codegen location
-    /// causing the assertion.
-    macro_rules! codegen_unreachable {
-        ($ctx:expr $(,)?) => {
-            std::unreachable!("unreachable code while processing {}", &$ctx.current_loc)
-        };
-        ($ctx:expr, $($arg:tt)*) => {
-            std::unreachable!("unreachable code while processing {}: {}", &$ctx.current_loc, std::format!("{}", std::format_args!($($arg)+)))
-        };
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) use codegen_unreachable;
-}
-
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct StaticValueStore {
     pub lookup: HashMap<Vec<(usize, u64)>, usize>,
@@ -84,16 +72,6 @@ pub struct CodeGenLLVMOptions {
     pub target: CodeGenTargetMachineOptions,
 }
 
-impl CodeGenLLVMOptions {
-    /// Creates a [`TargetMachine`] using the target options specified by this struct.
-    ///
-    /// See [`Target::create_target_machine`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn create_target_machine(&self) -> Option<TargetMachine> {
-        self.target.create_target_machine(self.opt_level)
-    }
-}
-
 /// Additional options for code generation for the target machine.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct CodeGenTargetMachineOptions {
@@ -364,10 +342,6 @@ impl WorkerRegistry {
         let mut builder = context.create_builder();
         let mut module = context.create_module(generator.get_name());
 
-        let target_machine = self.llvm_options.create_target_machine().unwrap();
-        module.set_data_layout(&target_machine.get_target_data().get_data_layout());
-        module.set_triple(&target_machine.get_triple());
-
         module.add_basic_value_flag(
             "Debug Info Version",
             inkwell::module::FlagBehavior::Warning,
@@ -391,10 +365,6 @@ impl WorkerRegistry {
                     errors.insert(e);
                     // create a new empty module just to continue codegen and collect errors
                     module = context.create_module(&format!("{}_recover", generator.get_name()));
-
-                    let target_machine = self.llvm_options.create_target_machine().unwrap();
-                    module.set_data_layout(&target_machine.get_target_data().get_data_layout());
-                    module.set_triple(&target_machine.get_triple());
                 }
             }
             *self.task_count.lock() -= 1;
@@ -460,7 +430,7 @@ pub struct CodeGenTask {
 fn get_llvm_type<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     ctx: &'ctx Context,
     module: &Module<'ctx>,
-    generator: &G,
+    generator: &mut G,
     unifier: &mut Unifier,
     top_level: &TopLevelContext,
     type_cache: &mut HashMap<Type, BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>>,
@@ -554,10 +524,8 @@ fn get_llvm_type<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                 };
                 return ty;
             }
-            TTuple { ty, is_vararg_ctx } => {
+            TTuple { ty } => {
                 // a struct with fields in the order present in the tuple
-                assert!(!is_vararg_ctx, "Tuples in vararg context must be instantiated with the correct number of arguments before calling get_llvm_type");
-
                 let fields = ty
                     .iter()
                     .map(|ty| {
@@ -587,7 +555,7 @@ fn get_llvm_type<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 fn get_llvm_abi_type<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     ctx: &'ctx Context,
     module: &Module<'ctx>,
-    generator: &G,
+    generator: &mut G,
     unifier: &mut Unifier,
     top_level: &TopLevelContext,
     type_cache: &mut HashMap<Type, BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>>,
@@ -596,11 +564,11 @@ fn get_llvm_abi_type<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 ) -> BasicTypeEnum<'ctx> {
     // If the type is used in the definition of a function, return `i1` instead of `i8` for ABI
     // consistency.
-    if unifier.unioned(ty, primitives.bool) {
+    return if unifier.unioned(ty, primitives.bool) {
         ctx.bool_type().into()
     } else {
         get_llvm_type(ctx, module, generator, unifier, top_level, type_cache, ty)
-    }
+    };
 }
 
 /// Whether `sret` is needed for a return value with type `ty`.
@@ -625,40 +593,6 @@ fn need_sret(ty: BasicTypeEnum) -> bool {
     need_sret_impl(ty, true)
 }
 
-/// Returns the [`BasicTypeEnum`] representing a `va_list` struct for variadic arguments.
-fn get_llvm_valist_type<'ctx>(ctx: &'ctx Context, triple: &TargetTriple) -> BasicTypeEnum<'ctx> {
-    let triple = TargetMachine::normalize_triple(triple);
-    let triple = triple.as_str().to_str().unwrap();
-    let arch = triple.split('-').next().unwrap();
-
-    let llvm_pi8 = ctx.i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-
-    // Referenced from parseArch() in llvm/lib/Support/Triple.cpp
-    match arch {
-        "i386" | "i486" | "i586" | "i686" | "riscv32" => {
-            ctx.i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()).into()
-        }
-        "amd64" | "x86_64" | "x86_64h" => {
-            let llvm_i32 = ctx.i32_type();
-
-            let va_list_tag = ctx.opaque_struct_type("struct.__va_list_tag");
-            va_list_tag.set_body(
-                &[llvm_i32.into(), llvm_i32.into(), llvm_pi8.into(), llvm_pi8.into()],
-                false,
-            );
-            va_list_tag.into()
-        }
-        "armv7" => {
-            let va_list = ctx.opaque_struct_type("struct.__va_list");
-            va_list.set_body(&[llvm_pi8.into()], false);
-            va_list.into()
-        }
-        triple => {
-            todo!("Unsupported platform for varargs: {triple}")
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 /// Implementation for generating LLVM IR for a function.
 pub fn gen_func_impl<
     'ctx,
@@ -716,6 +650,8 @@ pub fn gen_func_impl<
         ..primitives
     };
 
+    let llvm_str_ty =
+        StrLens { size_type: generator.get_size_type(context) }.get_llvm_type(context);
     let mut type_cache: HashMap<_, _> = [
         (primitives.int32, context.i32_type().into()),
         (primitives.int64, context.i64_type().into()),
@@ -723,21 +659,7 @@ pub fn gen_func_impl<
         (primitives.uint64, context.i64_type().into()),
         (primitives.float, context.f64_type().into()),
         (primitives.bool, context.i8_type().into()),
-        (primitives.str, {
+        (primitives.str, llvm_str_ty),
-            let name = "str";
-            match module.get_struct_type(name) {
-                None => {
-                    let str_type = context.opaque_struct_type("str");
-                    let fields = [
-                        context.i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()).into(),
-                        generator.get_size_type(context).into(),
-                    ];
-                    str_type.set_body(&fields, false);
-                    str_type.into()
-                }
-                Some(t) => t.as_basic_type_enum(),
-            }
-        }),
         (primitives.range, RangeType::new(context).as_base_type().into()),
         (primitives.exception, {
             let name = "Exception";
@@ -747,7 +669,7 @@ pub fn gen_func_impl<
                 let exception = context.opaque_struct_type("Exception");
                 let int32 = context.i32_type().into();
                 let int64 = context.i64_type().into();
-                let str_ty = module.get_struct_type("str").unwrap().as_basic_type_enum();
+                let str_ty = llvm_str_ty;
                 let fields = [int32, str_ty, int32, int32, str_ty, str_ty, int64, int64, int64];
                 exception.set_body(&fields, false);
                 exception.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()).as_basic_type_enum()
@@ -770,7 +692,6 @@ pub fn gen_func_impl<
                 name: arg.name,
                 ty: task.store.to_unifier_type(&mut unifier, &primitives, arg.ty, &mut cache),
                 default_value: arg.default_value.clone(),
-                is_vararg: arg.is_vararg,
             })
             .collect_vec(),
         task.store.to_unifier_type(&mut unifier, &primitives, *ret, &mut cache),
@@ -793,10 +714,7 @@ pub fn gen_func_impl<
     let has_sret = ret_type.map_or(false, |ty| need_sret(ty));
     let mut params = args
         .iter()
-        .filter(|arg| !arg.is_vararg)
         .map(|arg| {
-            debug_assert!(!arg.is_vararg);
-
             get_llvm_abi_type(
                 context,
                 &module,
@@ -815,12 +733,9 @@ pub fn gen_func_impl<
         params.insert(0, ret_type.unwrap().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()).into());
     }
 
-    debug_assert!(matches!(args.iter().filter(|arg| arg.is_vararg).count(), 0..=1));
-    let vararg_arg = args.iter().find(|arg| arg.is_vararg);
-
     let fn_type = match ret_type {
-        Some(ret_type) if !has_sret => ret_type.fn_type(&params, vararg_arg.is_some()),
+        Some(ret_type) if !has_sret => ret_type.fn_type(&params, false),
-        _ => context.void_type().fn_type(&params, vararg_arg.is_some()),
+        _ => context.void_type().fn_type(&params, false),
     };
 
     let symbol = &task.symbol_name;
@@ -850,9 +765,7 @@ pub fn gen_func_impl<
 
     let mut var_assignment = HashMap::new();
     let offset = u32::from(has_sret);
-
+    for (n, arg) in args.iter().enumerate() {
-    // Store non-vararg argument values into local variables
-    for (n, arg) in args.iter().enumerate().filter(|(_, arg)| !arg.is_vararg) {
         let param = fn_val.get_nth_param((n as u32) + offset).unwrap();
         let local_type = get_llvm_type(
             context,
@@ -885,8 +798,6 @@ pub fn gen_func_impl<
         var_assignment.insert(arg.name, (alloca, None, 0));
     }
 
-    // TODO: Save vararg parameters as list
-
     let return_buffer = if has_sret {
         Some(fn_val.get_nth_param(0).unwrap().into_pointer_value())
     } else {
@@ -1109,9 +1020,3 @@ fn gen_in_range_check<'ctx>(
 
     ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::SLT, lo, hi, "cmp").unwrap()
 }
-
-/// Returns the internal name for the `va_count` argument, used to indicate the number of arguments
-/// passed to the variadic function.
-fn get_va_count_arg_name(arg_name: StrRef) -> StrRef {
-    format!("__{}_va_count", &arg_name).into()
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/numpy.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ use crate::{
             call_ndarray_calc_size,
         },
         llvm_intrinsics::{self, call_memcpy_generic},
-        macros::codegen_unreachable,
         stmt::{gen_for_callback_incrementing, gen_for_range_callback, gen_if_else_expr_callback},
         CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
     },
@@ -27,15 +26,12 @@ use crate::{
         typedef::{FunSignature, Type, TypeEnum},
     },
 };
+use inkwell::types::{AnyTypeEnum, BasicTypeEnum, PointerType};
 use inkwell::{
     types::BasicType,
     values::{BasicValueEnum, IntValue, PointerValue},
     AddressSpace, IntPredicate, OptimizationLevel,
 };
-use inkwell::{
-    types::{AnyTypeEnum, BasicTypeEnum, PointerType},
-    values::BasicValue,
-};
 use nac3parser::ast::{Operator, StrRef};
 
 /// Creates an uninitialized `NDArray` instance.
@@ -90,7 +86,6 @@ where
     gen_for_callback_incrementing(
         generator,
         ctx,
-        None,
         llvm_usize.const_zero(),
         (shape_len, false),
         |generator, ctx, _, i| {
@@ -136,7 +131,6 @@ where
     gen_for_callback_incrementing(
         generator,
         ctx,
-        None,
         llvm_usize.const_zero(),
         (shape_len, false),
         |generator, ctx, _, i| {
@@ -163,7 +157,7 @@ where
 ///
 /// * `elem_ty` - The element type of the `NDArray`.
 /// * `shape` - The shape of the `NDArray`, represented am array of [`IntValue`]s.
-pub fn create_ndarray_const_shape<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+fn create_ndarray_const_shape<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     generator: &mut G,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
     elem_ty: Type,
@@ -258,9 +252,9 @@ fn ndarray_zero_value<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     } else if ctx.unifier.unioned(elem_ty, ctx.primitives.bool) {
         ctx.ctx.bool_type().const_zero().into()
     } else if ctx.unifier.unioned(elem_ty, ctx.primitives.str) {
-        ctx.gen_string(generator, "").into()
+        ctx.gen_string(generator, "")
     } else {
-        codegen_unreachable!(ctx)
+        unreachable!()
     }
 }
 
@@ -286,9 +280,9 @@ fn ndarray_one_value<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     } else if ctx.unifier.unioned(elem_ty, ctx.primitives.bool) {
         ctx.ctx.bool_type().const_int(1, false).into()
     } else if ctx.unifier.unioned(elem_ty, ctx.primitives.str) {
-        ctx.gen_string(generator, "1").into()
+        ctx.gen_string(generator, "1")
     } else {
-        codegen_unreachable!(ctx)
+        unreachable!()
     }
 }
 
@@ -356,7 +350,7 @@ fn call_ndarray_empty_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 
             create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[shape_int])
         }
-        _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx),
+        _ => unreachable!(),
     }
 }
 
@@ -388,7 +382,6 @@ where
     gen_for_callback_incrementing(
         generator,
         ctx,
-        None,
         llvm_usize.const_zero(),
         (ndarray_num_elems, false),
         |generator, ctx, _, i| {
@@ -627,7 +620,7 @@ fn call_ndarray_full_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
         } else if fill_value.is_int_value() || fill_value.is_float_value() {
             fill_value
         } else {
-            codegen_unreachable!(ctx)
+            unreachable!()
         };
 
         Ok(value)
@@ -710,12 +703,11 @@ fn ndarray_from_ndlist_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             gen_for_range_callback(
                 generator,
                 ctx,
-                None,
                 true,
                 |_, _| Ok(llvm_usize.const_zero()),
                 (|_, ctx| Ok(src_lst.load_size(ctx, None)), false),
                 |_, _| Ok(llvm_usize.const_int(1, false)),
-                |generator, ctx, _, i| {
+                |generator, ctx, i| {
                     let offset = ctx.builder.build_int_mul(stride, i, "").unwrap();
 
                     let dst_ptr =
@@ -942,7 +934,7 @@ fn call_ndarray_array_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                         .build_store(
                             lst,
                             ctx.builder
-                                .build_bit_cast(object.as_base_value(), llvm_plist_i8, "")
+                                .build_bitcast(object.as_base_value(), llvm_plist_i8, "")
                                 .unwrap(),
                         )
                         .unwrap();
@@ -951,12 +943,11 @@ fn call_ndarray_array_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                     gen_for_range_callback(
                         generator,
                         ctx,
-                        None,
                         true,
                         |_, _| Ok(llvm_usize.const_zero()),
                         (|_, _| Ok(stop), false),
                         |_, _| Ok(llvm_usize.const_int(1, false)),
-                        |generator, ctx, _, _| {
+                        |generator, ctx, _| {
                             let plist_plist_i8 = make_llvm_list(llvm_plist_i8.into())
                                 .ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
 
@@ -964,7 +955,7 @@ fn call_ndarray_array_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                                 .builder
                                 .build_load(lst, "")
                                 .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
-                                .map(|v| ctx.builder.build_bit_cast(v, plist_plist_i8, "").unwrap())
+                                .map(|v| ctx.builder.build_bitcast(v, plist_plist_i8, "").unwrap())
                                 .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
                                 .unwrap();
                             let this_dim = ListValue::from_ptr_val(this_dim, llvm_usize, None);
@@ -983,9 +974,7 @@ fn call_ndarray_array_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                             ctx.builder
                                 .build_store(
                                     lst,
-                                    ctx.builder
+                                    ctx.builder.build_bitcast(next_dim, llvm_plist_i8, "").unwrap(),
-                                        .build_bit_cast(next_dim, llvm_plist_i8, "")
-                                        .unwrap(),
                                 )
                                 .unwrap();
 
@@ -1074,15 +1063,15 @@ fn call_ndarray_eye_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 /// Copies a slice of an [`NDArrayValue`] to another.
 ///
 /// - `dst_arr`: The [`NDArrayValue`] instance of the destination array. The `ndims` and `dim_sz`
-///   fields should be populated before calling this function.
+/// fields should be populated before calling this function.
 /// - `dst_slice_ptr`: The [`PointerValue`] to the first element of the currently processing
-///   dimensional slice in the destination array.
+/// dimensional slice in the destination array.
 /// - `src_arr`: The [`NDArrayValue`] instance of the source array.
 /// - `src_slice_ptr`: The [`PointerValue`] to the first element of the currently processing
-///   dimensional slice in the source array.
+/// dimensional slice in the source array.
 /// - `dim`: The index of the currently processing dimension.
 /// - `slices`: List of all slices, with the first element corresponding to the slice applicable to
-///   this dimension. The `start`/`stop` values of each slice must be non-negative indices.
+/// this dimension. The `start`/`stop` values of each slice must be non-negative indices.
 fn ndarray_sliced_copyto_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     generator: &mut G,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
@@ -1097,17 +1086,13 @@ fn ndarray_sliced_copyto_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 
     // If there are no (remaining) slice expressions, memcpy the entire dimension
     if slices.is_empty() {
-        let sizeof_elem = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty).size_of().unwrap();
-
         let stride = call_ndarray_calc_size(
             generator,
             ctx,
             &src_arr.dim_sizes(),
             (Some(llvm_usize.const_int(dim, false)), None),
         );
-        let stride =
+        let sizeof_elem = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty).size_of().unwrap();
-            ctx.builder.build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(stride, sizeof_elem.get_type(), "").unwrap();
-
         let cpy_len = ctx.builder.build_int_mul(stride, sizeof_elem, "").unwrap();
 
         call_memcpy_generic(ctx, dst_slice_ptr, src_slice_ptr, cpy_len, llvm_i1.const_zero());
@@ -1141,12 +1126,11 @@ fn ndarray_sliced_copyto_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     gen_for_range_callback(
         generator,
         ctx,
-        None,
         false,
         |_, _| Ok(start),
         (|_, _| Ok(stop), true),
         |_, _| Ok(step),
-        |generator, ctx, _, src_i| {
+        |generator, ctx, src_i| {
             // Calculate the offset of the active slice
             let src_data_offset = ctx.builder.build_int_mul(src_stride, src_i, "").unwrap();
             let dst_i =
@@ -1187,7 +1171,7 @@ fn ndarray_sliced_copyto_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 ///
 /// * `elem_ty` - The element type of the `NDArray`.
 /// - `slices`: List of all slices, with the first element corresponding to the slice applicable to
-///   this dimension. The `start`/`stop` values of each slice must be positive indices.
+/// this dimension. The `start`/`stop` values of each slice must be positive indices.
 pub fn ndarray_sliced_copy<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     generator: &mut G,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
@@ -1259,7 +1243,6 @@ pub fn ndarray_sliced_copy<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
         gen_for_callback_incrementing(
             generator,
             ctx,
-            None,
             llvm_usize.const_int(slices.len() as u64, false),
             (this.load_ndims(ctx), false),
             |generator, ctx, _, idx| {
@@ -1352,7 +1335,7 @@ where
 ///
 /// * `elem_ty` - The element type of the `NDArray`.
 /// * `res` - The `ndarray` instance to write results into, or [`None`] if the result should be
-///   written to a new `ndarray`.
+/// written to a new `ndarray`.
 /// * `value_fn` - Function mapping the two input elements into the result.
 ///
 /// # Panic
@@ -1439,7 +1422,7 @@ where
 ///
 /// * `elem_ty` - The element type of the `NDArray`.
 /// * `res` - The `ndarray` instance to write results into, or [`None`] if the result should be
-///   written to a new `ndarray`.
+/// written to a new `ndarray`.
 pub fn ndarray_matmul_2d<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
     generator: &mut G,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
@@ -1664,7 +1647,6 @@ pub fn ndarray_matmul_2d<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
         gen_for_callback_incrementing(
             generator,
             ctx,
-            None,
             llvm_i32.const_zero(),
             (common_dim, false),
             |generator, ctx, _, i| {
@@ -2023,7 +2005,7 @@ pub fn gen_ndarray_fill<'ctx>(
             } else if value_arg.is_int_value() || value_arg.is_float_value() {
                 value_arg
             } else {
-                codegen_unreachable!(ctx)
+                unreachable!()
             };
 
             Ok(value)
@@ -2032,497 +2014,3 @@ pub fn gen_ndarray_fill<'ctx>(
 
     Ok(())
 }
-
-/// Generates LLVM IR for `ndarray.transpose`.
-pub fn ndarray_transpose<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    x1: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
-    const FN_NAME: &str = "ndarray_transpose";
-    let (x1_ty, x1) = x1;
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-    if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n1) = x1 {
-        let (elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x1_ty);
-        let n1 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n1, llvm_usize, None);
-        let n_sz = call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &n1.dim_sizes(), (None, None));
-
-        // Dimensions are reversed in the transposed array
-        let out = create_ndarray_dyn_shape(
-            generator,
-            ctx,
-            elem_ty,
-            &n1,
-            |_, ctx, n| Ok(n.load_ndims(ctx)),
-            |generator, ctx, n, idx| {
-                let new_idx = ctx.builder.build_int_sub(n.load_ndims(ctx), idx, "").unwrap();
-                let new_idx = ctx
-                    .builder
-                    .build_int_sub(new_idx, new_idx.get_type().const_int(1, false), "")
-                    .unwrap();
-                unsafe { Ok(n.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &new_idx, None)) }
-            },
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-        gen_for_callback_incrementing(
-            generator,
-            ctx,
-            None,
-            llvm_usize.const_zero(),
-            (n_sz, false),
-            |generator, ctx, _, idx| {
-                let elem = unsafe { n1.data().get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, None) };
-
-                let new_idx = generator.gen_var_alloc(ctx, llvm_usize.into(), None)?;
-                let rem_idx = generator.gen_var_alloc(ctx, llvm_usize.into(), None)?;
-                ctx.builder.build_store(new_idx, llvm_usize.const_zero()).unwrap();
-                ctx.builder.build_store(rem_idx, idx).unwrap();
-
-                // Incrementally calculate the new index in the transposed array
-                // For each index, we first decompose it into the n-dims and use those to reconstruct the new index
-                // The formula used for indexing is:
-                // idx = dim_n * ( ... (dim2 * (dim0 * dim1) + dim1) + dim2 ... ) + dim_n
-                gen_for_callback_incrementing(
-                    generator,
-                    ctx,
-                    None,
-                    llvm_usize.const_zero(),
-                    (n1.load_ndims(ctx), false),
-                    |generator, ctx, _, ndim| {
-                        let ndim_rev =
-                            ctx.builder.build_int_sub(n1.load_ndims(ctx), ndim, "").unwrap();
-                        let ndim_rev = ctx
-                            .builder
-                            .build_int_sub(ndim_rev, llvm_usize.const_int(1, false), "")
-                            .unwrap();
-                        let dim = unsafe {
-                            n1.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &ndim_rev, None)
-                        };
-
-                        let rem_idx_val =
-                            ctx.builder.build_load(rem_idx, "").unwrap().into_int_value();
-                        let new_idx_val =
-                            ctx.builder.build_load(new_idx, "").unwrap().into_int_value();
-
-                        let add_component =
-                            ctx.builder.build_int_unsigned_rem(rem_idx_val, dim, "").unwrap();
-                        let rem_idx_val =
-                            ctx.builder.build_int_unsigned_div(rem_idx_val, dim, "").unwrap();
-
-                        let new_idx_val = ctx.builder.build_int_mul(new_idx_val, dim, "").unwrap();
-                        let new_idx_val =
-                            ctx.builder.build_int_add(new_idx_val, add_component, "").unwrap();
-
-                        ctx.builder.build_store(rem_idx, rem_idx_val).unwrap();
-                        ctx.builder.build_store(new_idx, new_idx_val).unwrap();
-
-                        Ok(())
-                    },
-                    llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
-                )?;
-
-                let new_idx_val = ctx.builder.build_load(new_idx, "").unwrap().into_int_value();
-                unsafe { out.data().set_unchecked(ctx, generator, &new_idx_val, elem) };
-                Ok(())
-            },
-            llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
-        )?;
-
-        Ok(out.as_base_value().into())
-    } else {
-        codegen_unreachable!(
-            ctx,
-            "{FN_NAME}() not supported for '{}'",
-            format!("'{}'", ctx.unifier.stringify(x1_ty))
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// LLVM-typed implementation for generating the implementation for `ndarray.reshape`.
-///
-/// * `x1` - `NDArray` to reshape.
-/// * `shape` - The `shape` parameter used to construct the new `NDArray`.
-///   Just like numpy, the `shape` argument can be:
-///   1. A list of `int32`;   e.g., `np.reshape(arr, [600, -1, 3])`
-///   2. A tuple of `int32`;  e.g., `np.reshape(arr, (-1, 800, 3))`
-///   3. A scalar `int32`;     e.g., `np.reshape(arr, 3)`
-///
-/// Note that unlike other generating functions, one of the dimensions in the shape can be negative.
-pub fn ndarray_reshape<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    x1: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-    shape: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
-    const FN_NAME: &str = "ndarray_reshape";
-    let (x1_ty, x1) = x1;
-    let (_, shape) = shape;
-
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-    if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n1) = x1 {
-        let (elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x1_ty);
-        let n1 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n1, llvm_usize, None);
-        let n_sz = call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &n1.dim_sizes(), (None, None));
-
-        let acc = generator.gen_var_alloc(ctx, llvm_usize.into(), None)?;
-        let num_neg = generator.gen_var_alloc(ctx, llvm_usize.into(), None)?;
-        ctx.builder.build_store(acc, llvm_usize.const_int(1, false)).unwrap();
-        ctx.builder.build_store(num_neg, llvm_usize.const_zero()).unwrap();
-
-        let out = match shape {
-            BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(shape_list_ptr)
-                if ListValue::is_instance(shape_list_ptr, llvm_usize).is_ok() =>
-            {
-                // 1. A list of ints; e.g., `np.reshape(arr, [int64(600), int64(800, -1])`
-
-                let shape_list = ListValue::from_ptr_val(shape_list_ptr, llvm_usize, None);
-                // Check for -1 in dimensions
-                gen_for_callback_incrementing(
-                    generator,
-                    ctx,
-                    None,
-                    llvm_usize.const_zero(),
-                    (shape_list.load_size(ctx, None), false),
-                    |generator, ctx, _, idx| {
-                        let ele =
-                            shape_list.data().get(ctx, generator, &idx, None).into_int_value();
-                        let ele = ctx.builder.build_int_s_extend(ele, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
-
-                        gen_if_else_expr_callback(
-                            generator,
-                            ctx,
-                            |_, ctx| {
-                                Ok(ctx
-                                    .builder
-                                    .build_int_compare(
-                                        IntPredicate::SLT,
-                                        ele,
-                                        llvm_usize.const_zero(),
-                                        "",
-                                    )
-                                    .unwrap())
-                            },
-                            |_, ctx| -> Result<Option<IntValue>, String> {
-                                let num_neg_value =
-                                    ctx.builder.build_load(num_neg, "").unwrap().into_int_value();
-                                let num_neg_value = ctx
-                                    .builder
-                                    .build_int_add(
-                                        num_neg_value,
-                                        llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
-                                        "",
-                                    )
-                                    .unwrap();
-                                ctx.builder.build_store(num_neg, num_neg_value).unwrap();
-                                Ok(None)
-                            },
-                            |_, ctx| {
-                                let acc_value =
-                                    ctx.builder.build_load(acc, "").unwrap().into_int_value();
-                                let acc_value =
-                                    ctx.builder.build_int_mul(acc_value, ele, "").unwrap();
-                                ctx.builder.build_store(acc, acc_value).unwrap();
-                                Ok(None)
-                            },
-                        )?;
-                        Ok(())
-                    },
-                    llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
-                )?;
-                let acc_val = ctx.builder.build_load(acc, "").unwrap().into_int_value();
-                let rem = ctx.builder.build_int_unsigned_div(n_sz, acc_val, "").unwrap();
-                // Generate the output shape by filling -1 with `rem`
-                create_ndarray_dyn_shape(
-                    generator,
-                    ctx,
-                    elem_ty,
-                    &shape_list,
-                    |_, ctx, _| Ok(shape_list.load_size(ctx, None)),
-                    |generator, ctx, shape_list, idx| {
-                        let dim =
-                            shape_list.data().get(ctx, generator, &idx, None).into_int_value();
-                        let dim = ctx.builder.build_int_s_extend(dim, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
-
-                        Ok(gen_if_else_expr_callback(
-                            generator,
-                            ctx,
-                            |_, ctx| {
-                                Ok(ctx
-                                    .builder
-                                    .build_int_compare(
-                                        IntPredicate::SLT,
-                                        dim,
-                                        llvm_usize.const_zero(),
-                                        "",
-                                    )
-                                    .unwrap())
-                            },
-                            |_, _| Ok(Some(rem)),
-                            |_, _| Ok(Some(dim)),
-                        )?
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .into_int_value())
-                    },
-                )
-            }
-            BasicValueEnum::StructValue(shape_tuple) => {
-                // 2. A tuple of `int32`;  e.g., `np.reshape(arr, (-1, 800, 3))`
-
-                let ndims = shape_tuple.get_type().count_fields();
-                // Check for -1 in dims
-                for dim_i in 0..ndims {
-                    let dim = ctx
-                        .builder
-                        .build_extract_value(shape_tuple, dim_i, "")
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .into_int_value();
-                    let dim = ctx.builder.build_int_s_extend(dim, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
-
-                    gen_if_else_expr_callback(
-                        generator,
-                        ctx,
-                        |_, ctx| {
-                            Ok(ctx
-                                .builder
-                                .build_int_compare(
-                                    IntPredicate::SLT,
-                                    dim,
-                                    llvm_usize.const_zero(),
-                                    "",
-                                )
-                                .unwrap())
-                        },
-                        |_, ctx| -> Result<Option<IntValue>, String> {
-                            let num_negs =
-                                ctx.builder.build_load(num_neg, "").unwrap().into_int_value();
-                            let num_negs = ctx
-                                .builder
-                                .build_int_add(num_negs, llvm_usize.const_int(1, false), "")
-                                .unwrap();
-                            ctx.builder.build_store(num_neg, num_negs).unwrap();
-                            Ok(None)
-                        },
-                        |_, ctx| {
-                            let acc_val = ctx.builder.build_load(acc, "").unwrap().into_int_value();
-                            let acc_val = ctx.builder.build_int_mul(acc_val, dim, "").unwrap();
-                            ctx.builder.build_store(acc, acc_val).unwrap();
-                            Ok(None)
-                        },
-                    )?;
-                }
-
-                let acc_val = ctx.builder.build_load(acc, "").unwrap().into_int_value();
-                let rem = ctx.builder.build_int_unsigned_div(n_sz, acc_val, "").unwrap();
-                let mut shape = Vec::with_capacity(ndims as usize);
-
-                // Reconstruct shape filling negatives with rem
-                for dim_i in 0..ndims {
-                    let dim = ctx
-                        .builder
-                        .build_extract_value(shape_tuple, dim_i, "")
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .into_int_value();
-                    let dim = ctx.builder.build_int_s_extend(dim, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
-
-                    let dim = gen_if_else_expr_callback(
-                        generator,
-                        ctx,
-                        |_, ctx| {
-                            Ok(ctx
-                                .builder
-                                .build_int_compare(
-                                    IntPredicate::SLT,
-                                    dim,
-                                    llvm_usize.const_zero(),
-                                    "",
-                                )
-                                .unwrap())
-                        },
-                        |_, _| Ok(Some(rem)),
-                        |_, _| Ok(Some(dim)),
-                    )?
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .into_int_value();
-                    shape.push(dim);
-                }
-                create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, shape.as_slice())
-            }
-            BasicValueEnum::IntValue(shape_int) => {
-                // 3. A scalar `int32`;     e.g., `np.reshape(arr, 3)`
-                let shape_int = gen_if_else_expr_callback(
-                    generator,
-                    ctx,
-                    |_, ctx| {
-                        Ok(ctx
-                            .builder
-                            .build_int_compare(
-                                IntPredicate::SLT,
-                                shape_int,
-                                llvm_usize.const_zero(),
-                                "",
-                            )
-                            .unwrap())
-                    },
-                    |_, _| Ok(Some(n_sz)),
-                    |_, ctx| {
-                        Ok(Some(ctx.builder.build_int_s_extend(shape_int, llvm_usize, "").unwrap()))
-                    },
-                )?
-                .unwrap()
-                .into_int_value();
-                create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[shape_int])
-            }
-            _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx),
-        }
-        .unwrap();
-
-        // Only allow one dimension to be negative
-        let num_negs = ctx.builder.build_load(num_neg, "").unwrap().into_int_value();
-        ctx.make_assert(
-            generator,
-            ctx.builder
-                .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::ULT, num_negs, llvm_usize.const_int(2, false), "")
-                .unwrap(),
-            "0:ValueError",
-            "can only specify one unknown dimension",
-            [None, None, None],
-            ctx.current_loc,
-        );
-
-        // The new shape must be compatible with the old shape
-        let out_sz = call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &out.dim_sizes(), (None, None));
-        ctx.make_assert(
-            generator,
-            ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::EQ, out_sz, n_sz, "").unwrap(),
-            "0:ValueError",
-            "cannot reshape array of size {0} into provided shape of size {1}",
-            [Some(n_sz), Some(out_sz), None],
-            ctx.current_loc,
-        );
-
-        gen_for_callback_incrementing(
-            generator,
-            ctx,
-            None,
-            llvm_usize.const_zero(),
-            (n_sz, false),
-            |generator, ctx, _, idx| {
-                let elem = unsafe { n1.data().get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, None) };
-                unsafe { out.data().set_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, elem) };
-                Ok(())
-            },
-            llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
-        )?;
-
-        Ok(out.as_base_value().into())
-    } else {
-        codegen_unreachable!(
-            ctx,
-            "{FN_NAME}() not supported for '{}'",
-            format!("'{}'", ctx.unifier.stringify(x1_ty))
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// Generates LLVM IR for `ndarray.dot`.
-/// Calculate inner product of two vectors or literals
-/// For matrix multiplication use `np_matmul`
-///
-/// The input `NDArray` are flattened and treated as 1D
-/// The operation is equivalent to `np.dot(arr1.ravel(), arr2.ravel())`
-pub fn ndarray_dot<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    x1: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-    x2: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
-    const FN_NAME: &str = "ndarray_dot";
-    let (x1_ty, x1) = x1;
-    let (_, x2) = x2;
-
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-    match (x1, x2) {
-        (BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n1), BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n2)) => {
-            let n1 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n1, llvm_usize, None);
-            let n2 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n2, llvm_usize, None);
-
-            let n1_sz = call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &n1.dim_sizes(), (None, None));
-            let n2_sz = call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &n1.dim_sizes(), (None, None));
-
-            ctx.make_assert(
-                generator,
-                ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::EQ, n1_sz, n2_sz, "").unwrap(),
-                "0:ValueError",
-                "shapes ({0}), ({1}) not aligned",
-                [Some(n1_sz), Some(n2_sz), None],
-                ctx.current_loc,
-            );
-
-            let identity =
-                unsafe { n1.data().get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None) };
-            let acc = ctx.builder.build_alloca(identity.get_type(), "").unwrap();
-            ctx.builder.build_store(acc, identity.get_type().const_zero()).unwrap();
-
-            gen_for_callback_incrementing(
-                generator,
-                ctx,
-                None,
-                llvm_usize.const_zero(),
-                (n1_sz, false),
-                |generator, ctx, _, idx| {
-                    let elem1 = unsafe { n1.data().get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, None) };
-                    let elem2 = unsafe { n2.data().get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, None) };
-
-                    let product = match elem1 {
-                        BasicValueEnum::IntValue(e1) => ctx
-                            .builder
-                            .build_int_mul(e1, elem2.into_int_value(), "")
-                            .unwrap()
-                            .as_basic_value_enum(),
-                        BasicValueEnum::FloatValue(e1) => ctx
-                            .builder
-                            .build_float_mul(e1, elem2.into_float_value(), "")
-                            .unwrap()
-                            .as_basic_value_enum(),
-                        _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx),
-                    };
-                    let acc_val = ctx.builder.build_load(acc, "").unwrap();
-                    let acc_val = match acc_val {
-                        BasicValueEnum::IntValue(e1) => ctx
-                            .builder
-                            .build_int_add(e1, product.into_int_value(), "")
-                            .unwrap()
-                            .as_basic_value_enum(),
-                        BasicValueEnum::FloatValue(e1) => ctx
-                            .builder
-                            .build_float_add(e1, product.into_float_value(), "")
-                            .unwrap()
-                            .as_basic_value_enum(),
-                        _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx),
-                    };
-                    ctx.builder.build_store(acc, acc_val).unwrap();
-
-                    Ok(())
-                },
-                llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
-            )?;
-            let acc_val = ctx.builder.build_load(acc, "").unwrap();
-            Ok(acc_val)
-        }
-        (BasicValueEnum::IntValue(e1), BasicValueEnum::IntValue(e2)) => {
-            Ok(ctx.builder.build_int_mul(e1, e2, "").unwrap().as_basic_value_enum())
-        }
-        (BasicValueEnum::FloatValue(e1), BasicValueEnum::FloatValue(e2)) => {
-            Ok(ctx.builder.build_float_mul(e1, e2, "").unwrap().as_basic_value_enum())
-        }
-        _ => codegen_unreachable!(
-            ctx,
-            "{FN_NAME}() not supported for '{}'",
-            format!("'{}'", ctx.unifier.stringify(x1_ty))
-        ),
-    }
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/numpy_new.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+use inkwell::values::{BasicValueEnum, PointerValue};
+use nac3parser::ast::StrRef;
+
+use crate::{
+    codegen::optics::build_opaque_alloca, symbol_resolver::ValueEnum, toplevel::DefinitionId, typecheck::typedef::{FunSignature, Type}
+};
+
+use super::{
+    irrt::{
+        self,
+        numpy::{alloca_ndarray_and_init, parse_input_shape_arg, NDArrayInitMode, NpArrayLens},
+    },
+    optics::Address,
+    CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
+};
+
+/// LLVM-typed implementation for generating the implementation for constructing an empty `NDArray`.
+fn call_ndarray_empty_impl<'ctx, G>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    elem_ty: Type,
+    shape: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
+    shape_ty: Type,
+    name: &str,
+) -> Result<Address<'ctx, NpArrayLens<'ctx>>, String>
+where
+    G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized,
+{
+    let elem_type = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
+    let shape = parse_input_shape_arg(generator, ctx, shape, shape_ty);
+    let ndarray_ptr = alloca_ndarray_and_init(
+        generator,
+        ctx,
+        elem_type,
+        NDArrayInitMode::ShapeAndAllocaData { shape },
+        name,
+    )?;
+    Ok(ndarray_ptr)
+}
+
+fn call_ndarray_fill_impl<'ctx, G>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    elem_ty: Type,
+    shape: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
+    shape_ty: Type,
+    fill_value: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
+    name: &str,
+) -> Result<Address<'ctx, NpArrayLens<'ctx>>, String>
+where
+    G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized,
+{
+    let ndarray_ptr = call_ndarray_empty_impl(generator, ctx, elem_ty, shape, shape_ty, name)?;
+
+    // NOTE: fill_value's type is not checked!!
+    let fill_value_ptr = build_opaque_alloca(ctx, fill_value.get_type(), name);
+    fill_value_ptr.store(ctx, );
+    // let fill_value_ptr = ctx.builder.build_alloca(, "fill_value_ptr").unwrap();
+    // ctx.builder.build_store(fill_value_ptr, fill_value);
+
+    // let ok = irrt::numpy::call_nac3_ndarray_fill_generic(generator, ctx, ndarray_ptr, Address { fill_value_ptr } );
+    todo!()
+    Ok(ndarray_ptr)
+}
+
+/// Generates LLVM IR for `np.empty`.
+pub fn gen_ndarray_empty<'ctx, G>(
+    context: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    obj: &Option<(Type, ValueEnum<'ctx>)>,
+    fun: (&FunSignature, DefinitionId),
+    args: &[(Option<StrRef>, ValueEnum<'ctx>)],
+    generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
+) -> Result<PointerValue<'ctx>, String> {
+    assert!(obj.is_none());
+    assert_eq!(args.len(), 1);
+
+    // Parse arguments
+    let shape_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
+    let shape = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(context, generator, shape_ty)?;
+
+    // Implementation
+    let ndarray_ptr = call_ndarray_empty_impl(
+        generator,
+        context,
+        context.primitives.float,
+        shape,
+        shape_ty,
+        "empty_ndarray",
+    )?;
+    Ok(ndarray_ptr.address)
+}

nac3core/src/codegen/optics/address.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+use inkwell::{
+    context::Context,
+    types::{BasicType, BasicTypeEnum},
+    values::{AnyValue, BasicValue, BasicValueEnum, PointerValue},
+    AddressSpace,
+};
+
+use crate::codegen::CodeGenContext;
+
+use super::core::{MemoryGetter, MemoryOptic, MemorySetter, OpticValue, Prism};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Address<'ctx, AddresseeOptic> {
+    pub addressee_optic: AddresseeOptic,
+    pub address: PointerValue<'ctx>,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx, AddresseeOptic> Address<'ctx, AddresseeOptic> {
+    pub fn cast_to<S: MemoryOptic<'ctx>>(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+        new_optic: S,
+    ) -> Address<'ctx, S> {
+        let to_ptr_type = new_optic.get_llvm_type(ctx.ctx).ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
+        let casted_address =
+            ctx.builder.build_pointer_cast(self.address, to_ptr_type, "ptr_casted").unwrap();
+        Address { addressee_optic: new_optic, address: casted_address }
+    }
+
+    pub fn cast_to_opaque(&self) -> OpaqueAddress<'ctx> {
+        OpaqueAddress(self.address)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'ctx, AddresseeOptic> OpticValue<'ctx> for Address<'ctx, AddresseeOptic> {
+    fn get_llvm_value(&self) -> BasicValueEnum<'ctx> {
+        self.address.as_basic_value_enum()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct AddressLens<AddresseeOptic>(pub AddresseeOptic);
+
+impl<'ctx, AddresseeOptic: MemoryOptic<'ctx>> MemoryOptic<'ctx> for AddressLens<AddresseeOptic> {
+    type MemoryValue = Address<'ctx, AddresseeOptic>;
+
+    fn get_llvm_type(&self, ctx: &'ctx Context) -> BasicTypeEnum<'ctx> {
+        self.0.get_llvm_type(ctx).ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()).as_basic_type_enum()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'ctx, AddresseeOptic: MemoryOptic<'ctx>> Prism<'ctx> for AddressLens<AddresseeOptic> {
+    fn review<V: AnyValue<'ctx>>(&self, value: V) -> Self::MemoryValue {
+        Address {
+            addressee_optic: self.0.clone(),
+            address: value.as_any_value_enum().into_pointer_value(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'ctx, AddressesOptic: MemoryOptic<'ctx>> MemoryGetter<'ctx> for AddressLens<AddressesOptic> {
+    fn get(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+        pointer: PointerValue<'ctx>,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Self::MemoryValue {
+        self.review(ctx.builder.build_load(pointer, name).unwrap())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'ctx, AddressesOptic: MemoryOptic<'ctx>> MemorySetter<'ctx> for AddressLens<AddressesOptic> {
+    fn set(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+        pointer: PointerValue<'ctx>,
+        value: &Self::MemoryValue,
+    ) {
+        ctx.builder.build_store(pointer, value.address).unwrap();
+    }
+}
+
+// To make [`Address`] convenient to use
+impl<'ctx, AddresseeOptic: MemoryGetter<'ctx>> Address<'ctx, AddresseeOptic> {
+    pub fn load(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, name: &str) -> AddresseeOptic::MemoryValue {
+        self.addressee_optic.get(ctx, self.address, name)
+    }
+}
+
+// To make [`Address`] convenient to use
+impl<'ctx, AddresseeOptic: MemorySetter<'ctx>> Address<'ctx, AddresseeOptic> {
+    pub fn store(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, value: &AddresseeOptic::MemoryValue) {
+        self.addressee_optic.set(ctx, self.address, value);
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct OpaqueAddress<'ctx>(pub PointerValue<'ctx>);
+
+impl<'ctx> OpaqueAddress<'ctx> {
+    pub fn cast_to<AddresseeOptic: MemoryOptic<'ctx>>(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &'ctx CodeGenContext,
+        addressee_optic: AddresseeOptic,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Address<'ctx, AddresseeOptic> {
+        let ptr = ctx.builder.build_pointer_cast(
+            self.0,
+            addressee_optic.get_llvm_type(ctx.ctx).ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()),
+            name,
+        );
+        Address { addressee_optic, address: ptr }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct OpaqueAddressLens;
+
+impl<'ctx> MemoryOptic<'ctx> for OpaqueAddressLens {
+    type MemoryValue = BasicValueEnum<'ctx>;
+
+    fn get_llvm_type(&self, ctx: &'ctx Context) -> BasicTypeEnum<'ctx> {
+        ctx.i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()).as_basic_type_enum()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> OpaqueAddress<'ctx> {
+    pub fn store(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, value: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>) {
+    }
+}

nac3core/src/codegen/optics/core.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+use inkwell::{
+    context::Context,
+    types::BasicTypeEnum,
+    values::{AnyValue, BasicValue, BasicValueEnum, PointerValue},
+};
+
+use crate::codegen::CodeGenContext;
+
+use super::address::Address;
+
+// TODO: Write a taxonomy
+
+pub trait OpticValue<'ctx> {
+    fn get_llvm_value(&self) -> BasicValueEnum<'ctx>;
+}
+
+impl<'ctx, T: BasicValue<'ctx>> OpticValue<'ctx> for T {
+    fn get_llvm_value(&self) -> BasicValueEnum<'ctx> {
+        self.as_basic_value_enum()
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: The interface is unintuitive
+pub trait MemoryOptic<'ctx>: Clone {
+    type MemoryValue: OpticValue<'ctx>;
+
+    fn get_llvm_type(&self, ctx: &'ctx Context) -> BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>;
+
+    fn alloca(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, name: &str) -> Address<'ctx, Self> {
+        let ptr = ctx.builder.build_alloca(self.get_llvm_type(ctx.ctx), name).unwrap();
+        Address { addressee_optic: self.clone(), address: ptr }
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait Prism<'ctx>: MemoryOptic<'ctx> {
+    // TODO: Return error if `review` fails
+    fn review<V: AnyValue<'ctx>>(&self, value: V) -> Self::MemoryValue;
+}
+
+pub trait MemoryGetter<'ctx>: MemoryOptic<'ctx> {
+    fn get(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+        pointer: PointerValue<'ctx>,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Self::MemoryValue;
+}
+
+pub trait MemorySetter<'ctx>: MemoryOptic<'ctx> {
+    fn set(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, pointer: PointerValue<'ctx>, value: &Self::MemoryValue);
+}

nac3core/src/codegen/optics/gep.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+use inkwell::{
+    context::Context,
+    types::{BasicType, BasicTypeEnum},
+    values::PointerValue,
+    AddressSpace,
+};
+
+use crate::codegen::CodeGenContext;
+
+use super::{
+    address::Address,
+    core::{MemoryGetter, MemoryOptic},
+};
+
+// ((Memory, Pointer) -> ElementOptic::Value*)
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct GepGetter<ElementOptic> {
+    /// The LLVM GEP index
+    pub gep_index: u64,
+    /// Element (or field in the context of `struct`s) name. Used for cosmetics.
+    pub name: &'static str,
+    /// The lens to view the actual value after applying this [`FieldLens<T>`]
+    pub element_optic: ElementOptic,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx, ElementOptic: MemoryOptic<'ctx>> MemoryOptic<'ctx> for GepGetter<ElementOptic> {
+    type MemoryValue = Address<'ctx, ElementOptic>;
+
+    fn get_llvm_type(&self, ctx: &'ctx Context) -> BasicTypeEnum<'ctx> {
+        self.element_optic.get_llvm_type(ctx).ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()).as_basic_type_enum()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'ctx, ElementOptic: MemoryOptic<'ctx>> MemoryGetter<'ctx> for GepGetter<ElementOptic> {
+    fn get(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+        pointer: PointerValue<'ctx>,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Self::MemoryValue {
+        let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type(); // TODO: I think I'm not supposed to *just* use i32 for GEP like that
+        let element_ptr = unsafe {
+            ctx.builder
+                .build_in_bounds_gep(
+                    pointer,
+                    &[llvm_i32.const_zero(), llvm_i32.const_int(self.gep_index, false)],
+                    name,
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+        };
+        Address { address: element_ptr, addressee_optic: self.element_optic.clone() }
+    }
+}

nac3core/src/codegen/optics/int.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+use inkwell::{
+    context::Context,
+    types::{BasicType, BasicTypeEnum, IntType},
+    values::{AnyValue, BasicValue, IntValue, PointerValue},
+};
+
+use crate::codegen::CodeGenContext;
+
+use super::core::{MemoryGetter, MemorySetter, MemoryOptic, Prism};
+
+// NOTE: I wanted to make Int8Lens, Int16Lens, Int32Lens, with all
+// having the trait IsIntLens, and implement `impl <S: IsIntLens> Optic<S> for T`,
+// but that clashes with StructureOptic!!
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct IntLens<'ctx>(pub IntType<'ctx>);
+
+impl<'ctx> IntLens<'ctx> {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn int8(ctx: &'ctx Context) -> IntLens<'ctx> {
+        IntLens(ctx.i8_type())
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn int32(ctx: &'ctx Context) -> IntLens<'ctx> {
+        IntLens(ctx.i32_type())
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn int64(ctx: &'ctx Context) -> IntLens<'ctx> {
+        IntLens(ctx.i64_type())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> MemoryOptic<'ctx> for IntLens<'ctx> {
+    type MemoryValue = IntValue<'ctx>;
+
+    fn get_llvm_type(&self, _ctx: &'ctx Context) -> BasicTypeEnum<'ctx> {
+        self.0.as_basic_type_enum()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> Prism<'ctx> for IntLens<'ctx> {
+    fn review<V: AnyValue<'ctx>>(&self, value: V) -> Self::MemoryValue {
+        let int = value.as_any_value_enum().into_int_value();
+        debug_assert_eq!(int.get_type().get_bit_width(), self.0.get_bit_width());
+        int
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> MemoryGetter<'ctx> for IntLens<'ctx> {
+    fn get(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+        pointer: PointerValue<'ctx>,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Self::MemoryValue {
+        self.review(ctx.builder.build_load(pointer, name).unwrap())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> MemorySetter<'ctx> for IntLens<'ctx> {
+    fn set(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, pointer: PointerValue<'ctx>, int: &Self::MemoryValue) {
+        debug_assert_eq!(int.get_type().get_bit_width(), self.0.get_bit_width());
+        ctx.builder.build_store(pointer, int.as_basic_value_enum()).unwrap();
+    }
+}

nac3core/src/codegen/optics/ixed.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+use inkwell::values::IntValue;
+
+use crate::codegen::{CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator};
+
+use super::address::Address;
+
+// Name inspired by https://hackage.haskell.org/package/lens-5.3.2/docs/Control-Lens-At.html#t:Ixed
+pub trait Ixed<'ctx, ElementOptic> {
+    // TODO: Interface/Method to expose the IntType of index?
+    // or even make index itself parameterized? (probably no)
+
+    fn ix(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+        index: IntValue<'ctx>,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Address<'ctx, ElementOptic>;
+}
+
+// TODO: Can do interface seggregation
+pub trait BoundedIxed<'ctx, ElementOptic>: Ixed<'ctx, ElementOptic> {
+    fn num_elements(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> IntValue<'ctx>;
+
+    // Check if 0 <= index < self.num_elements()
+    fn ix_bounds_checked<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+        &self,
+        generator: &mut G,
+        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+        index: IntValue<'ctx>,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Address<'ctx, ElementOptic> {
+        let num_elements = self.num_elements(ctx);
+        let int_type = num_elements.get_type(); // NOTE: Weird get_type(), see comment under `trait Ixed`
+
+        assert_eq!(int_type.get_bit_width(), index.get_type().get_bit_width()); // Might as well check bit width to catch bugs
+
+        // TODO: SGE or UGE? or make it defined by the implementee?
+
+        // Check `0 <= index`
+        let lower_bounded = ctx
+            .builder
+            .build_int_compare(
+                inkwell::IntPredicate::SLE,
+                int_type.const_zero(),
+                index,
+                "lower_bounded",
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Check `index < num_elements`
+        let upper_bounded = ctx
+            .builder
+            .build_int_compare(inkwell::IntPredicate::SLT, index, num_elements, "upper_bounded")
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Compute `0 <= index && index < num_elements`
+        let bounded = ctx.builder.build_and(lower_bounded, upper_bounded, "bounded").unwrap();
+
+        // Assert `bounded`
+        ctx.make_assert(generator, bounded, "0:IndexError", "nac3core LLVM codegen attempting to access out of bounds array index {0}. Must satisfy 0 <= index < {2}", [Some(index), Some(num_elements), None], ctx.current_loc);
+
+        // ...and finally do indexing
+        self.ix(ctx, index, name)
+    }
+}

nac3core/src/codegen/optics/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+pub mod address;
+pub mod core;
+pub mod gep;
+pub mod int;
+pub mod ixed;
+pub mod slice;
+pub mod structure;
+
+pub use address::*;
+pub use core::*;
+pub use gep::*;
+pub use int::*;
+pub use ixed::*;
+pub use slice::*;
+pub use structure::*;

nac3core/src/codegen/optics/slice.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+use super::{
+    core::MemoryOptic,
+    ixed::{BoundedIxed, Ixed},
+};
+
+use inkwell::values::IntValue;
+
+use crate::codegen::CodeGenContext;
+
+use super::address::Address;
+
+pub struct ArraySlice<'ctx, ElementOptic> {
+    pub num_elements: IntValue<'ctx>,
+    pub base: Address<'ctx, ElementOptic>,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx, ElementOptic: MemoryOptic<'ctx>> Ixed<'ctx, ElementOptic> for ArraySlice<'ctx, ElementOptic> {
+    fn ix(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+        index: IntValue<'ctx>,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Address<'ctx, ElementOptic> {
+        let element_addr =
+            unsafe { ctx.builder.build_in_bounds_gep(self.base.address, &[index], name).unwrap() };
+        Address { address: element_addr, addressee_optic: self.base.addressee_optic.clone() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'ctx, ElementOptic: MemoryOptic<'ctx>> BoundedIxed<'ctx, ElementOptic>
+    for ArraySlice<'ctx, ElementOptic>
+{
+    fn num_elements(&self, _ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
+        self.num_elements
+    }
+}

nac3core/src/codegen/optics/structure.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+use inkwell::{
+    context::Context,
+    types::{BasicType, BasicTypeEnum},
+    values::{BasicValue, BasicValueEnum, PointerValue, StructValue},
+};
+use itertools::Itertools;
+
+use crate::codegen::CodeGenContext;
+
+use super::{
+    address::Address,
+    core::{MemoryGetter, MemorySetter, MemoryOptic, OpticValue},
+    gep::GepGetter,
+};
+
+pub trait StructureOptic<'ctx>: Clone {
+    // Fields of optics
+    type Fields;
+
+    // TODO: Make it an associated function instead?
+    fn struct_name(&self) -> &'static str;
+
+    fn build_fields(&self, builder: &mut FieldBuilder<'ctx>) -> Self::Fields;
+
+    fn get_fields(&self, ctx: &'ctx Context) -> Self::Fields {
+        let mut builder = FieldBuilder::new(ctx, self.struct_name());
+        self.build_fields(&mut builder)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct OpticalStructValue<'ctx, StructOptic> {
+    optic: StructOptic,
+    llvm: StructValue<'ctx>,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx, StructOptic> OpticValue<'ctx> for OpticalStructValue<'ctx, StructOptic> {
+    fn get_llvm_value(&self) -> BasicValueEnum<'ctx> {
+        self.llvm.as_basic_value_enum()
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: check StructType
+impl<'ctx, T: StructureOptic<'ctx>> MemoryOptic<'ctx> for T {
+    type MemoryValue = OpticalStructValue<'ctx, Self>;
+
+    fn get_llvm_type(&self, ctx: &'ctx Context) -> BasicTypeEnum<'ctx> {
+        let mut builder = FieldBuilder::new(ctx, self.struct_name());
+        self.build_fields(&mut builder); // Self::Fields is discarded
+
+        let field_types =
+            builder.fields.iter().map(|field_info| field_info.llvm_type).collect_vec();
+        ctx.struct_type(&field_types, false).as_basic_type_enum()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'ctx, T: StructureOptic<'ctx>> MemoryGetter<'ctx> for T {
+    fn get(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+        pointer: PointerValue<'ctx>,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Self::MemoryValue {
+        OpticalStructValue {
+            optic: self.clone(),
+            llvm: ctx.builder.build_load(pointer, name).unwrap().into_struct_value(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'ctx, T: StructureOptic<'ctx>> MemorySetter<'ctx> for T {
+    fn set(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+        pointer: PointerValue<'ctx>,
+        value: &Self::MemoryValue,
+    ) {
+        ctx.builder.build_store(pointer, value.llvm).unwrap();
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'ctx, AddresseeOptic: StructureOptic<'ctx>> Address<'ctx, AddresseeOptic> {
+    pub fn focus<GetFieldGepFn, FieldElementOptic: MemoryOptic<'ctx>>(
+        &self,
+        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+        get_field_gep_fn: GetFieldGepFn,
+    ) -> Address<'ctx, FieldElementOptic>
+    where
+        GetFieldGepFn: FnOnce(&AddresseeOptic::Fields) -> &GepGetter<FieldElementOptic>,
+    {
+        let fields = self.addressee_optic.get_fields(ctx.ctx);
+        let field = get_field_gep_fn(&fields);
+        field.get(ctx, self.address, field.name)
+    }
+}
+
+// Only used by [`FieldBuilder`]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct FieldInfo<'ctx> {
+    gep_index: u64,
+    name: &'ctx str,
+    llvm_type: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct FieldBuilder<'ctx> {
+    pub ctx: &'ctx Context,
+    gep_index_counter: u64,
+    struct_name: &'ctx str,
+    fields: Vec<FieldInfo<'ctx>>,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> FieldBuilder<'ctx> {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(ctx: &'ctx Context, struct_name: &'ctx str) -> Self {
+        FieldBuilder { ctx, gep_index_counter: 0, struct_name, fields: Vec::new() }
+    }
+
+    fn next_gep_index(&mut self) -> u64 {
+        let index = self.gep_index_counter;
+        self.gep_index_counter += 1;
+        index
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_field<ElementOptic: MemoryOptic<'ctx>>(
+        &mut self,
+        name: &'static str,
+        element_optic: ElementOptic,
+    ) -> GepGetter<ElementOptic> {
+        let gep_index = self.next_gep_index();
+
+        self.fields.push(FieldInfo {
+            gep_index,
+            name,
+            llvm_type: element_optic.get_llvm_type(self.ctx),
+        });
+
+        GepGetter { gep_index, name, element_optic }
+    }
+}

nac3core/src/codegen/test.rs

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ fn test_primitives() {
         "};
     let statements = parse_program(source, FileName::default()).unwrap();
 
-    let composer = TopLevelComposer::new(Vec::new(), Vec::new(), ComposerConfig::default(), 32).0;
+    let composer = TopLevelComposer::new(Vec::new(), ComposerConfig::default(), 32).0;
     let mut unifier = composer.unifier.clone();
     let primitives = composer.primitives_ty;
     let top_level = Arc::new(composer.make_top_level_context());
@@ -109,18 +109,8 @@ fn test_primitives() {
     let threads = vec![DefaultCodeGenerator::new("test".into(), 32).into()];
     let signature = FunSignature {
         args: vec![
-            FuncArg {
+            FuncArg { name: "a".into(), ty: primitives.int32, default_value: None },
-                name: "a".into(),
+            FuncArg { name: "b".into(), ty: primitives.int32, default_value: None },
-                ty: primitives.int32,
-                default_value: None,
-                is_vararg: false,
-            },
-            FuncArg {
-                name: "b".into(),
-                ty: primitives.int32,
-                default_value: None,
-                is_vararg: false,
-            },
         ],
         ret: primitives.int32,
         vars: VarMap::new(),
@@ -199,8 +189,6 @@ fn test_primitives() {
         let expected = indoc! {"
             ; ModuleID = 'test'
             source_filename = \"test\"
-            target datalayout = \"e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128\"
-            target triple = \"x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu\"
 
             ; Function Attrs: mustprogress nofree norecurse nosync nounwind readnone willreturn
             define i32 @testing(i32 %0, i32 %1) local_unnamed_addr #0 !dbg !4 {
@@ -258,19 +246,14 @@ fn test_simple_call() {
         "};
     let statements_2 = parse_program(source_2, FileName::default()).unwrap();
 
-    let composer = TopLevelComposer::new(Vec::new(), Vec::new(), ComposerConfig::default(), 32).0;
+    let composer = TopLevelComposer::new(Vec::new(), ComposerConfig::default(), 32).0;
     let mut unifier = composer.unifier.clone();
     let primitives = composer.primitives_ty;
     let top_level = Arc::new(composer.make_top_level_context());
     unifier.top_level = Some(top_level.clone());
 
     let signature = FunSignature {
-        args: vec![FuncArg {
+        args: vec![FuncArg { name: "a".into(), ty: primitives.int32, default_value: None }],
-            name: "a".into(),
-            ty: primitives.int32,
-            default_value: None,
-            is_vararg: false,
-        }],
         ret: primitives.int32,
         vars: VarMap::new(),
     };
@@ -385,8 +368,6 @@ fn test_simple_call() {
         let expected = indoc! {"
             ; ModuleID = 'test'
             source_filename = \"test\"
-            target datalayout = \"e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128\"
-            target triple = \"x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu\"
 
             ; Function Attrs: mustprogress nofree norecurse nosync nounwind readnone willreturn
             define i32 @testing(i32 %0) local_unnamed_addr #0 !dbg !5 {

nac3core/src/lib.rs

@@ -19,11 +19,8 @@
     clippy::wildcard_imports
 )]
 
-// users of nac3core need to use the same version of these dependencies, so expose them as nac3core::*
-pub use inkwell;
-pub use nac3parser;
-
 pub mod codegen;
 pub mod symbol_resolver;
 pub mod toplevel;
 pub mod typecheck;
+pub(crate) mod util;

nac3core/src/symbol_resolver.rs

@@ -78,14 +78,14 @@ impl SymbolValue {
             }
             Constant::Tuple(t) => {
                 let expected_ty = unifier.get_ty(expected_ty);
-                let TypeEnum::TTuple { ty, is_vararg_ctx } = expected_ty.as_ref() else {
+                let TypeEnum::TTuple { ty } = expected_ty.as_ref() else {
                     return Err(format!(
                         "Expected {:?}, but got Tuple",
                         expected_ty.get_type_name()
                     ));
                 };
 
-                assert!(*is_vararg_ctx || ty.len() == t.len());
+                assert_eq!(ty.len(), t.len());
 
                 let elems = t
                     .iter()
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ impl SymbolValue {
             SymbolValue::Bool(_) => primitives.bool,
             SymbolValue::Tuple(vs) => {
                 let vs_tys = vs.iter().map(|v| v.get_type(primitives, unifier)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-                unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: vs_tys, is_vararg_ctx: false })
+                unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: vs_tys })
             }
             SymbolValue::OptionSome(_) | SymbolValue::OptionNone => primitives.option,
         }
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ pub fn parse_type_annotation<T>(
                         parse_type_annotation(resolver, top_level_defs, unifier, primitives, elt)
                     })
                     .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
-                Ok(unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty, is_vararg_ctx: false }))
+                Ok(unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty }))
             } else {
                 Err(HashSet::from(["Expected multiple elements for tuple".into()]))
             }

nac3core/src/toplevel/builtins.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::iter::once;
 
+use crate::util::SizeVariant;
 use helper::{debug_assert_prim_is_allowed, make_exception_fields, PrimDefDetails};
 use indexmap::IndexMap;
 use inkwell::{
@@ -14,7 +15,9 @@ use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
 use crate::{
     codegen::{
         builtin_fns,
-        classes::{ProxyValue, RangeValue},
+        classes::{ArrayLikeValue, NDArrayValue, ProxyValue, RangeValue, TypedArrayLikeAccessor},
+        expr::destructure_range,
+        irrt::*,
         numpy::*,
         stmt::exn_constructor,
     },
@@ -43,26 +46,10 @@ pub fn get_exn_constructor(
             name: "msg".into(),
             ty: string,
             default_value: Some(SymbolValue::Str(String::new())),
-            is_vararg: false,
-        },
-        FuncArg {
-            name: "param0".into(),
-            ty: int64,
-            default_value: Some(SymbolValue::I64(0)),
-            is_vararg: false,
-        },
-        FuncArg {
-            name: "param1".into(),
-            ty: int64,
-            default_value: Some(SymbolValue::I64(0)),
-            is_vararg: false,
-        },
-        FuncArg {
-            name: "param2".into(),
-            ty: int64,
-            default_value: Some(SymbolValue::I64(0)),
-            is_vararg: false,
         },
+        FuncArg { name: "param0".into(), ty: int64, default_value: Some(SymbolValue::I64(0)) },
+        FuncArg { name: "param1".into(), ty: int64, default_value: Some(SymbolValue::I64(0)) },
+        FuncArg { name: "param2".into(), ty: int64, default_value: Some(SymbolValue::I64(0)) },
     ];
     let exn_type = unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TObj {
         obj_id: DefinitionId(class_id),
@@ -112,7 +99,7 @@ pub fn get_exn_constructor(
 /// * `name`: The name of the implemented NumPy function.
 /// * `ret_ty`: The return type of this function.
 /// * `param_ty`: The parameters accepted by this function, represented by a tuple of the
-///   [parameter type][Type] and the parameter symbol name.
+/// [parameter type][Type] and the parameter symbol name.
 /// * `codegen_callback`: A lambda generating LLVM IR for the implementation of this function.
 fn create_fn_by_codegen(
     unifier: &mut Unifier,
@@ -128,12 +115,7 @@ fn create_fn_by_codegen(
         signature: unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature {
             args: param_ty
                 .iter()
-                .map(|p| FuncArg {
+                .map(|p| FuncArg { name: p.1.into(), ty: p.0, default_value: None })
-                    name: p.1.into(),
-                    ty: p.0,
-                    default_value: None,
-                    is_vararg: false,
-                })
                 .collect(),
             ret: ret_ty,
             vars: var_map.clone(),
@@ -152,7 +134,7 @@ fn create_fn_by_codegen(
 /// * `name`: The name of the implemented NumPy function.
 /// * `ret_ty`: The return type of this function.
 /// * `param_ty`: The parameters accepted by this function, represented by a tuple of the
-///   [parameter type][Type] and the parameter symbol name.
+/// [parameter type][Type] and the parameter symbol name.
 /// * `intrinsic_fn`: The fully-qualified name of the LLVM intrinsic function.
 fn create_fn_by_intrinsic(
     unifier: &mut Unifier,
@@ -214,10 +196,10 @@ fn create_fn_by_intrinsic(
 /// * `name`: The name of the implemented NumPy function.
 /// * `ret_ty`: The return type of this function.
 /// * `param_ty`: The parameters accepted by this function, represented by a tuple of the
-///   [parameter type][Type] and the parameter symbol name.
+/// [parameter type][Type] and the parameter symbol name.
 /// * `extern_fn`: The fully-qualified name of the extern function used as the implementation.
 /// * `attrs`: The list of attributes to apply to this function declaration. Note that `nounwind` is
-///   already implied by the C ABI.
+/// already implied by the C ABI.
 fn create_fn_by_extern(
     unifier: &mut Unifier,
     var_map: &VarMap,
@@ -297,19 +279,10 @@ pub fn get_builtins(unifier: &mut Unifier, primitives: &PrimitiveStore) -> Built
         .collect()
 }
 
-/// A helper enum used by [`BuiltinBuilder`]
+fn get_size_variant_of_int(size_variant: SizeVariant, primitives: &PrimitiveStore) -> Type {
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+    match size_variant {
-enum SizeVariant {
+        SizeVariant::Bits32 => primitives.int32,
-    Bits32,
+        SizeVariant::Bits64 => primitives.int64,
-    Bits64,
-}
-
-impl SizeVariant {
-    fn of_int(self, primitives: &PrimitiveStore) -> Type {
-        match self {
-            SizeVariant::Bits32 => primitives.int32,
-            SizeVariant::Bits64 => primitives.int64,
-        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -365,8 +338,8 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
         let (is_some_ty, unwrap_ty, option_tvar) =
             if let TypeEnum::TObj { fields, params, .. } = unifier.get_ty(option).as_ref() {
                 (
-                    *fields.get(&PrimDef::FunOptionIsSome.simple_name().into()).unwrap(),
+                    *fields.get(&PrimDef::OptionIsSome.simple_name().into()).unwrap(),
-                    *fields.get(&PrimDef::FunOptionUnwrap.simple_name().into()).unwrap(),
+                    *fields.get(&PrimDef::OptionUnwrap.simple_name().into()).unwrap(),
                     iter_type_vars(params).next().unwrap(),
                 )
             } else {
@@ -381,9 +354,9 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
         let ndarray_dtype_tvar = iter_type_vars(ndarray_params).next().unwrap();
         let ndarray_ndims_tvar = iter_type_vars(ndarray_params).nth(1).unwrap();
         let ndarray_copy_ty =
-            *ndarray_fields.get(&PrimDef::FunNDArrayCopy.simple_name().into()).unwrap();
+            *ndarray_fields.get(&PrimDef::NDArrayCopy.simple_name().into()).unwrap();
         let ndarray_fill_ty =
-            *ndarray_fields.get(&PrimDef::FunNDArrayFill.simple_name().into()).unwrap();
+            *ndarray_fields.get(&PrimDef::NDArrayFill.simple_name().into()).unwrap();
 
         let num_ty = unifier.get_fresh_var_with_range(
             &[int32, int64, float, boolean, uint32, uint64],
@@ -483,14 +456,14 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
             PrimDef::Exception => self.build_exception_class_related(prim),
 
             PrimDef::Option
-            | PrimDef::FunOptionIsSome
+            | PrimDef::OptionIsSome
-            | PrimDef::FunOptionIsNone
+            | PrimDef::OptionIsNone
-            | PrimDef::FunOptionUnwrap
+            | PrimDef::OptionUnwrap
             | PrimDef::FunSome => self.build_option_class_related(prim),
 
             PrimDef::List => self.build_list_class_related(prim),
 
-            PrimDef::NDArray | PrimDef::FunNDArrayCopy | PrimDef::FunNDArrayFill => {
+            PrimDef::NDArray | PrimDef::NDArrayCopy | PrimDef::NDArrayFill => {
                 self.build_ndarray_class_related(prim)
             }
 
@@ -575,22 +548,6 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
             | PrimDef::FunNpLdExp
             | PrimDef::FunNpHypot
             | PrimDef::FunNpNextAfter => self.build_np_2ary_function(prim),
-
-            PrimDef::FunNpTranspose | PrimDef::FunNpReshape => {
-                self.build_np_sp_ndarray_function(prim)
-            }
-
-            PrimDef::FunNpDot
-            | PrimDef::FunNpLinalgCholesky
-            | PrimDef::FunNpLinalgQr
-            | PrimDef::FunNpLinalgSvd
-            | PrimDef::FunNpLinalgInv
-            | PrimDef::FunNpLinalgPinv
-            | PrimDef::FunNpLinalgMatrixPower
-            | PrimDef::FunNpLinalgDet
-            | PrimDef::FunSpLinalgLu
-            | PrimDef::FunSpLinalgSchur
-            | PrimDef::FunSpLinalgHessenberg => self.build_linalg_methods(prim),
         };
 
         if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
@@ -599,7 +556,7 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
             match (&tld, prim.details()) {
                 (
                     TopLevelDef::Class { name, object_id, .. },
-                    PrimDefDetails::PrimClass { name: exp_name, .. },
+                    PrimDefDetails::PrimClass { name: exp_name },
                 ) => {
                     let exp_object_id = prim.id();
                     assert_eq!(name, &exp_name.into());
@@ -648,24 +605,17 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
         let make_ctor_signature = |unifier: &mut Unifier| {
             unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature {
                 args: vec![
-                    FuncArg {
+                    FuncArg { name: "start".into(), ty: int32, default_value: None },
-                        name: "start".into(),
-                        ty: int32,
-                        default_value: None,
-                        is_vararg: false,
-                    },
                     FuncArg {
                         name: "stop".into(),
                         ty: int32,
                         // placeholder
                         default_value: Some(SymbolValue::I32(0)),
-                        is_vararg: false,
                     },
                     FuncArg {
                         name: "step".into(),
                         ty: int32,
                         default_value: Some(SymbolValue::I32(1)),
-                        is_vararg: false,
                     },
                 ],
                 ret: range,
@@ -836,9 +786,9 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
             prim,
             &[
                 PrimDef::Option,
-                PrimDef::FunOptionIsSome,
+                PrimDef::OptionIsSome,
-                PrimDef::FunOptionIsNone,
+                PrimDef::OptionIsNone,
-                PrimDef::FunOptionUnwrap,
+                PrimDef::OptionUnwrap,
                 PrimDef::FunSome,
             ],
         );
@@ -851,9 +801,9 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
                 fields: Vec::default(),
                 attributes: Vec::default(),
                 methods: vec![
-                    Self::create_method(PrimDef::FunOptionIsSome, self.is_some_ty.0),
+                    Self::create_method(PrimDef::OptionIsSome, self.is_some_ty.0),
-                    Self::create_method(PrimDef::FunOptionIsNone, self.is_some_ty.0),
+                    Self::create_method(PrimDef::OptionIsNone, self.is_some_ty.0),
-                    Self::create_method(PrimDef::FunOptionUnwrap, self.unwrap_ty.0),
+                    Self::create_method(PrimDef::OptionUnwrap, self.unwrap_ty.0),
                 ],
                 ancestors: vec![TypeAnnotation::CustomClass {
                     id: prim.id(),
@@ -864,7 +814,7 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
                 loc: None,
             },
 
-            PrimDef::FunOptionUnwrap => TopLevelDef::Function {
+            PrimDef::OptionUnwrap => TopLevelDef::Function {
                 name: prim.name().into(),
                 simple_name: prim.simple_name().into(),
                 signature: self.unwrap_ty.0,
@@ -878,7 +828,7 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
                 loc: None,
             },
 
-            PrimDef::FunOptionIsNone | PrimDef::FunOptionIsSome => TopLevelDef::Function {
+            PrimDef::OptionIsNone | PrimDef::OptionIsSome => TopLevelDef::Function {
                 name: prim.name().to_string(),
                 simple_name: prim.simple_name().into(),
                 signature: self.is_some_ty.0,
@@ -899,10 +849,10 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
                         };
 
                         let returned_int = match prim {
-                            PrimDef::FunOptionIsNone => {
+                            PrimDef::OptionIsNone => {
                                 ctx.builder.build_is_null(ptr, prim.simple_name())
                             }
-                            PrimDef::FunOptionIsSome => {
+                            PrimDef::OptionIsSome => {
                                 ctx.builder.build_is_not_null(ptr, prim.simple_name())
                             }
                             _ => unreachable!(),
@@ -921,7 +871,6 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
                         name: "n".into(),
                         ty: self.option_tvar.ty,
                         default_value: None,
-                        is_vararg: false,
                     }],
                     ret: self.primitives.option,
                     vars: into_var_map([self.option_tvar]),
@@ -976,7 +925,7 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
     fn build_ndarray_class_related(&self, prim: PrimDef) -> TopLevelDef {
         debug_assert_prim_is_allowed(
             prim,
-            &[PrimDef::NDArray, PrimDef::FunNDArrayCopy, PrimDef::FunNDArrayFill],
+            &[PrimDef::NDArray, PrimDef::NDArrayCopy, PrimDef::NDArrayFill],
         );
 
         match prim {
@@ -987,8 +936,8 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
                 fields: Vec::default(),
                 attributes: Vec::default(),
                 methods: vec![
-                    Self::create_method(PrimDef::FunNDArrayCopy, self.ndarray_copy_ty.0),
+                    Self::create_method(PrimDef::NDArrayCopy, self.ndarray_copy_ty.0),
-                    Self::create_method(PrimDef::FunNDArrayFill, self.ndarray_fill_ty.0),
+                    Self::create_method(PrimDef::NDArrayFill, self.ndarray_fill_ty.0),
                 ],
                 ancestors: Vec::default(),
                 constructor: None,
@@ -996,7 +945,7 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
                 loc: None,
             },
 
-            PrimDef::FunNDArrayCopy => TopLevelDef::Function {
+            PrimDef::NDArrayCopy => TopLevelDef::Function {
                 name: prim.name().into(),
                 simple_name: prim.simple_name().into(),
                 signature: self.ndarray_copy_ty.0,
@@ -1013,7 +962,7 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
                 loc: None,
             },
 
-            PrimDef::FunNDArrayFill => TopLevelDef::Function {
+            PrimDef::NDArrayFill => TopLevelDef::Function {
                 name: prim.name().into(),
                 simple_name: prim.simple_name().into(),
                 signature: self.ndarray_fill_ty.0,
@@ -1056,7 +1005,6 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
                     name: "n".into(),
                     ty: self.num_or_ndarray_ty.ty,
                     default_value: None,
-                    is_vararg: false,
                 }],
                 ret: self.num_or_ndarray_ty.ty,
                 vars: self.num_or_ndarray_var_map.clone(),
@@ -1105,7 +1053,7 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
         );
 
         // The size variant of the function determines the size of the returned int.
-        let int_sized = size_variant.of_int(self.primitives);
+        let int_sized = get_size_variant_of_int(size_variant, self.primitives);
 
         let ndarray_int_sized =
             make_ndarray_ty(self.unifier, self.primitives, Some(int_sized), Some(common_ndim.ty));
@@ -1130,7 +1078,7 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
                 let arg_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
                 let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, arg_ty)?;
 
-                let ret_elem_ty = size_variant.of_int(&ctx.primitives);
+                let ret_elem_ty = get_size_variant_of_int(size_variant, &ctx.primitives);
                 Ok(Some(builtin_fns::call_round(generator, ctx, (arg_ty, arg), ret_elem_ty)?))
             }),
         )
@@ -1171,7 +1119,7 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
             make_ndarray_ty(self.unifier, self.primitives, Some(float), Some(common_ndim.ty));
 
         // The size variant of the function determines the type of int returned
-        let int_sized = size_variant.of_int(self.primitives);
+        let int_sized = get_size_variant_of_int(size_variant, self.primitives);
         let ndarray_int_sized =
             make_ndarray_ty(self.unifier, self.primitives, Some(int_sized), Some(common_ndim.ty));
 
@@ -1194,7 +1142,7 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
                 let arg_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
                 let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, arg_ty)?;
 
-                let ret_elem_ty = size_variant.of_int(&ctx.primitives);
+                let ret_elem_ty = get_size_variant_of_int(size_variant, &ctx.primitives);
                 let func = match kind {
                     Kind::Ceil => builtin_fns::call_ceil,
                     Kind::Floor => builtin_fns::call_floor,
@@ -1276,23 +1224,16 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
                     simple_name: prim.simple_name().into(),
                     signature: self.unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature {
                         args: vec![
-                            FuncArg {
+                            FuncArg { name: "object".into(), ty: tv.ty, default_value: None },
-                                name: "object".into(),
-                                ty: tv.ty,
-                                default_value: None,
-                                is_vararg: false,
-                            },
                             FuncArg {
                                 name: "copy".into(),
                                 ty: bool,
                                 default_value: Some(SymbolValue::Bool(true)),
-                                is_vararg: false,
                             },
                             FuncArg {
                                 name: "ndmin".into(),
                                 ty: int32,
                                 default_value: Some(SymbolValue::U32(0)),
-                                is_vararg: false,
                             },
                         ],
                         ret: ndarray,
@@ -1334,24 +1275,17 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
                     simple_name: prim.simple_name().into(),
                     signature: self.unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature {
                         args: vec![
-                            FuncArg {
+                            FuncArg { name: "N".into(), ty: int32, default_value: None },
-                                name: "N".into(),
-                                ty: int32,
-                                default_value: None,
-                                is_vararg: false,
-                            },
                             // TODO(Derppening): Default values current do not work?
                             FuncArg {
                                 name: "M".into(),
                                 ty: int32,
                                 default_value: Some(SymbolValue::OptionNone),
-                                is_vararg: false,
                             },
                             FuncArg {
                                 name: "k".into(),
                                 ty: int32,
                                 default_value: Some(SymbolValue::I32(0)),
-                                is_vararg: false,
                             },
                         ],
                         ret: self.ndarray_float_2d,
@@ -1395,12 +1329,7 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
             name: prim.name().into(),
             simple_name: prim.simple_name().into(),
             signature: self.unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature {
-                args: vec![FuncArg {
+                args: vec![FuncArg { name: "s".into(), ty: str, default_value: None }],
-                    name: "s".into(),
-                    ty: str,
-                    default_value: None,
-                    is_vararg: false,
-                }],
                 ret: str,
                 vars: VarMap::default(),
             })),
@@ -1464,21 +1393,31 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
     fn build_len_function(&mut self) -> TopLevelDef {
         let prim = PrimDef::FunLen;
 
-        // Type handled in [`Inferencer::try_fold_special_call`]
+        let PrimitiveStore { uint64, int32, .. } = *self.primitives;
-        let arg_tvar = self.unifier.get_dummy_var();
 
+        let tvar = self.unifier.get_fresh_var(Some("L".into()), None);
+        let list = self
+            .unifier
+            .subst(
+                self.primitives.list,
+                &into_var_map([TypeVar { id: self.list_tvar.id, ty: tvar.ty }]),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        let ndims = self.unifier.get_fresh_const_generic_var(uint64, Some("N".into()), None);
+        let ndarray = make_ndarray_ty(self.unifier, self.primitives, Some(tvar.ty), Some(ndims.ty));
+
+        let arg_ty = self.unifier.get_fresh_var_with_range(
+            &[list, ndarray, self.primitives.range],
+            Some("I".into()),
+            None,
+        );
         TopLevelDef::Function {
             name: prim.name().into(),
             simple_name: prim.simple_name().into(),
             signature: self.unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature {
-                args: vec![FuncArg {
+                args: vec![FuncArg { name: "ls".into(), ty: arg_ty.ty, default_value: None }],
-                    name: "obj".into(),
+                ret: int32,
-                    ty: arg_tvar.ty,
+                vars: into_var_map([tvar, arg_ty]),
-                    default_value: None,
-                    is_vararg: false,
-                }],
-                ret: self.primitives.int32,
-                vars: into_var_map([arg_tvar]),
             })),
             var_id: Vec::default(),
             instance_to_symbol: HashMap::default(),
@@ -1486,10 +1425,86 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
             resolver: None,
             codegen_callback: Some(Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(
                 move |ctx, _, fun, args, generator| {
+                    let range_ty = ctx.primitives.range;
                     let arg_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
                     let arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, arg_ty)?;
+                    Ok(if ctx.unifier.unioned(arg_ty, range_ty) {
+                        let arg = RangeValue::from_ptr_val(arg.into_pointer_value(), Some("range"));
+                        let (start, end, step) = destructure_range(ctx, arg);
+                        Some(calculate_len_for_slice_range(generator, ctx, start, end, step).into())
+                    } else {
+                        match &*ctx.unifier.get_ty_immutable(arg_ty) {
+                            TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, .. } if *obj_id == PrimDef::List.id() => {
+                                let int32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
+                                let zero = int32.const_zero();
+                                let len = ctx
+                                    .build_gep_and_load(
+                                        arg.into_pointer_value(),
+                                        &[zero, int32.const_int(1, false)],
+                                        None,
+                                    )
+                                    .into_int_value();
+                                if len.get_type().get_bit_width() == 32 {
+                                    Some(len.into())
+                                } else {
+                                    Some(
+                                        ctx.builder
+                                            .build_int_truncate(len, int32, "len2i32")
+                                            .map(Into::into)
+                                            .unwrap(),
+                                    )
+                                }
+                            }
+                            TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, .. } if *obj_id == PrimDef::NDArray.id() => {
+                                let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
+                                let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
 
-                    builtin_fns::call_len(generator, ctx, (arg_ty, arg)).map(|ret| Some(ret.into()))
+                                let arg = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(
+                                    arg.into_pointer_value(),
+                                    llvm_usize,
+                                    None,
+                                );
+
+                                let ndims = arg.dim_sizes().size(ctx, generator);
+                                ctx.make_assert(
+                                    generator,
+                                    ctx.builder
+                                        .build_int_compare(
+                                            IntPredicate::NE,
+                                            ndims,
+                                            llvm_usize.const_zero(),
+                                            "",
+                                        )
+                                        .unwrap(),
+                                    "0:TypeError",
+                                    &format!("{name}() of unsized object", name = prim.name()),
+                                    [None, None, None],
+                                    ctx.current_loc,
+                                );
+
+                                let len = unsafe {
+                                    arg.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(
+                                        ctx,
+                                        generator,
+                                        &llvm_usize.const_zero(),
+                                        None,
+                                    )
+                                };
+
+                                if len.get_type().get_bit_width() == 32 {
+                                    Some(len.into())
+                                } else {
+                                    Some(
+                                        ctx.builder
+                                            .build_int_truncate(len, llvm_i32, "len")
+                                            .map(Into::into)
+                                            .unwrap(),
+                                    )
+                                }
+                            }
+                            _ => unreachable!(),
+                        }
+                    })
                 },
             )))),
             loc: None,
@@ -1505,18 +1520,8 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
             simple_name: prim.simple_name().into(),
             signature: self.unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature {
                 args: vec![
-                    FuncArg {
+                    FuncArg { name: "m".into(), ty: self.num_ty.ty, default_value: None },
-                        name: "m".into(),
+                    FuncArg { name: "n".into(), ty: self.num_ty.ty, default_value: None },
-                        ty: self.num_ty.ty,
-                        default_value: None,
-                        is_vararg: false,
-                    },
-                    FuncArg {
-                        name: "n".into(),
-                        ty: self.num_ty.ty,
-                        default_value: None,
-                        is_vararg: false,
-                    },
                 ],
                 ret: self.num_ty.ty,
                 vars: self.num_var_map.clone(),
@@ -1598,12 +1603,7 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
             signature: self.unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature {
                 args: param_ty
                     .iter()
-                    .map(|p| FuncArg {
+                    .map(|p| FuncArg { name: p.1.into(), ty: p.0, default_value: None })
-                        name: p.1.into(),
-                        ty: p.0,
-                        default_value: None,
-                        is_vararg: false,
-                    })
                     .collect(),
                 ret: ret_ty.ty,
                 vars: into_var_map([x1_ty, x2_ty, ret_ty]),
@@ -1644,7 +1644,6 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
                     name: "n".into(),
                     ty: self.num_or_ndarray_ty.ty,
                     default_value: None,
-                    is_vararg: false,
                 }],
                 ret: self.num_or_ndarray_ty.ty,
                 vars: self.num_or_ndarray_var_map.clone(),
@@ -1833,12 +1832,7 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
             signature: self.unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature {
                 args: param_ty
                     .iter()
-                    .map(|p| FuncArg {
+                    .map(|p| FuncArg { name: p.1.into(), ty: p.0, default_value: None })
-                        name: p.1.into(),
-                        ty: p.0,
-                        default_value: None,
-                        is_vararg: false,
-                    })
                     .collect(),
                 ret: ret_ty.ty,
                 vars: into_var_map([x1_ty, x2_ty, ret_ty]),
@@ -1872,207 +1866,6 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Build np/sp functions that take as input `NDArray` only
-    fn build_np_sp_ndarray_function(&mut self, prim: PrimDef) -> TopLevelDef {
-        debug_assert_prim_is_allowed(prim, &[PrimDef::FunNpTranspose, PrimDef::FunNpReshape]);
-
-        match prim {
-            PrimDef::FunNpTranspose => {
-                let ndarray_ty = self.unifier.get_fresh_var_with_range(
-                    &[self.ndarray_num_ty],
-                    Some("T".into()),
-                    None,
-                );
-                create_fn_by_codegen(
-                    self.unifier,
-                    &into_var_map([ndarray_ty]),
-                    prim.name(),
-                    ndarray_ty.ty,
-                    &[(ndarray_ty.ty, "x")],
-                    Box::new(move |ctx, _, fun, args, generator| {
-                        let arg_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
-                        let arg_val =
-                            args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, arg_ty)?;
-                        Ok(Some(ndarray_transpose(generator, ctx, (arg_ty, arg_val))?))
-                    }),
-                )
-            }
-
-            // NOTE: on `ndarray_factory_fn_shape_arg_tvar` and
-            // the `param_ty` for `create_fn_by_codegen`.
-            //
-            // Similar to `build_ndarray_from_shape_factory_function` we delegate the responsibility of typechecking
-            // to [`typecheck::type_inferencer::Inferencer::fold_numpy_function_call_shape_argument`],
-            // and use a dummy [`TypeVar`] `ndarray_factory_fn_shape_arg_tvar` as a placeholder for `param_ty`.
-            PrimDef::FunNpReshape => create_fn_by_codegen(
-                self.unifier,
-                &VarMap::new(),
-                prim.name(),
-                self.ndarray_num_ty,
-                &[(self.ndarray_num_ty, "x"), (self.ndarray_factory_fn_shape_arg_tvar.ty, "shape")],
-                Box::new(move |ctx, _, fun, args, generator| {
-                    let x1_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
-                    let x1_val = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, x1_ty)?;
-                    let x2_ty = fun.0.args[1].ty;
-                    let x2_val = args[1].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, x2_ty)?;
-                    Ok(Some(ndarray_reshape(generator, ctx, (x1_ty, x1_val), (x2_ty, x2_val))?))
-                }),
-            ),
-
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Build `np_linalg` and `sp_linalg` functions
-    ///
-    /// The input to these functions must be floating point `NDArray`
-    fn build_linalg_methods(&mut self, prim: PrimDef) -> TopLevelDef {
-        debug_assert_prim_is_allowed(
-            prim,
-            &[
-                PrimDef::FunNpDot,
-                PrimDef::FunNpLinalgCholesky,
-                PrimDef::FunNpLinalgQr,
-                PrimDef::FunNpLinalgSvd,
-                PrimDef::FunNpLinalgInv,
-                PrimDef::FunNpLinalgPinv,
-                PrimDef::FunNpLinalgMatrixPower,
-                PrimDef::FunNpLinalgDet,
-                PrimDef::FunSpLinalgLu,
-                PrimDef::FunSpLinalgSchur,
-                PrimDef::FunSpLinalgHessenberg,
-            ],
-        );
-
-        match prim {
-            PrimDef::FunNpDot => create_fn_by_codegen(
-                self.unifier,
-                &self.num_or_ndarray_var_map,
-                prim.name(),
-                self.num_ty.ty,
-                &[(self.num_or_ndarray_ty.ty, "x1"), (self.num_or_ndarray_ty.ty, "x2")],
-                Box::new(move |ctx, _, fun, args, generator| {
-                    let x1_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
-                    let x1_val = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, x1_ty)?;
-                    let x2_ty = fun.0.args[1].ty;
-                    let x2_val = args[1].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, x2_ty)?;
-
-                    Ok(Some(ndarray_dot(generator, ctx, (x1_ty, x1_val), (x2_ty, x2_val))?))
-                }),
-            ),
-
-            PrimDef::FunNpLinalgCholesky | PrimDef::FunNpLinalgInv | PrimDef::FunNpLinalgPinv => {
-                create_fn_by_codegen(
-                    self.unifier,
-                    &VarMap::new(),
-                    prim.name(),
-                    self.ndarray_float_2d,
-                    &[(self.ndarray_float_2d, "x1")],
-                    Box::new(move |ctx, _, fun, args, generator| {
-                        let x1_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
-                        let x1_val =
-                            args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, x1_ty)?;
-
-                        let func = match prim {
-                            PrimDef::FunNpLinalgCholesky => builtin_fns::call_np_linalg_cholesky,
-                            PrimDef::FunNpLinalgInv => builtin_fns::call_np_linalg_inv,
-                            PrimDef::FunNpLinalgPinv => builtin_fns::call_np_linalg_pinv,
-                            _ => unreachable!(),
-                        };
-                        Ok(Some(func(generator, ctx, (x1_ty, x1_val))?))
-                    }),
-                )
-            }
-
-            PrimDef::FunNpLinalgQr
-            | PrimDef::FunSpLinalgLu
-            | PrimDef::FunSpLinalgSchur
-            | PrimDef::FunSpLinalgHessenberg => {
-                let ret_ty = self.unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple {
-                    ty: vec![self.ndarray_float_2d, self.ndarray_float_2d],
-                    is_vararg_ctx: false,
-                });
-                create_fn_by_codegen(
-                    self.unifier,
-                    &VarMap::new(),
-                    prim.name(),
-                    ret_ty,
-                    &[(self.ndarray_float_2d, "x1")],
-                    Box::new(move |ctx, _, fun, args, generator| {
-                        let x1_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
-                        let x1_val =
-                            args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, x1_ty)?;
-
-                        let func = match prim {
-                            PrimDef::FunNpLinalgQr => builtin_fns::call_np_linalg_qr,
-                            PrimDef::FunSpLinalgLu => builtin_fns::call_sp_linalg_lu,
-                            PrimDef::FunSpLinalgSchur => builtin_fns::call_sp_linalg_schur,
-                            PrimDef::FunSpLinalgHessenberg => {
-                                builtin_fns::call_sp_linalg_hessenberg
-                            }
-                            _ => unreachable!(),
-                        };
-                        Ok(Some(func(generator, ctx, (x1_ty, x1_val))?))
-                    }),
-                )
-            }
-
-            PrimDef::FunNpLinalgSvd => {
-                let ret_ty = self.unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple {
-                    ty: vec![self.ndarray_float_2d, self.ndarray_float, self.ndarray_float_2d],
-                    is_vararg_ctx: false,
-                });
-                create_fn_by_codegen(
-                    self.unifier,
-                    &VarMap::new(),
-                    prim.name(),
-                    ret_ty,
-                    &[(self.ndarray_float_2d, "x1")],
-                    Box::new(move |ctx, _, fun, args, generator| {
-                        let x1_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
-                        let x1_val =
-                            args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, x1_ty)?;
-
-                        Ok(Some(builtin_fns::call_np_linalg_svd(generator, ctx, (x1_ty, x1_val))?))
-                    }),
-                )
-            }
-            PrimDef::FunNpLinalgMatrixPower => create_fn_by_codegen(
-                self.unifier,
-                &VarMap::new(),
-                prim.name(),
-                self.ndarray_float_2d,
-                &[(self.ndarray_float_2d, "x1"), (self.primitives.int32, "power")],
-                Box::new(move |ctx, _, fun, args, generator| {
-                    let x1_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
-                    let x1_val = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, x1_ty)?;
-                    let x2_ty = fun.0.args[1].ty;
-                    let x2_val = args[1].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, x2_ty)?;
-
-                    Ok(Some(builtin_fns::call_np_linalg_matrix_power(
-                        generator,
-                        ctx,
-                        (x1_ty, x1_val),
-                        (x2_ty, x2_val),
-                    )?))
-                }),
-            ),
-            PrimDef::FunNpLinalgDet => create_fn_by_codegen(
-                self.unifier,
-                &VarMap::new(),
-                prim.name(),
-                self.primitives.float,
-                &[(self.ndarray_float_2d, "x1")],
-                Box::new(move |ctx, _, fun, args, generator| {
-                    let x1_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
-                    let x1_val = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, x1_ty)?;
-                    Ok(Some(builtin_fns::call_np_linalg_det(generator, ctx, (x1_ty, x1_val))?))
-                }),
-            ),
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-    }
-
     fn create_method(prim: PrimDef, method_ty: Type) -> (StrRef, Type, DefinitionId) {
         (prim.simple_name().into(), method_ty, prim.id())
     }

nac3core/src/toplevel/composer.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ impl Default for ComposerConfig {
     }
 }
 
-pub type DefAst = (Arc<RwLock<TopLevelDef>>, Option<Stmt<()>>);
+type DefAst = (Arc<RwLock<TopLevelDef>>, Option<Stmt<()>>);
 pub struct TopLevelComposer {
     // list of top level definitions, same as top level context
     pub definition_ast_list: Vec<DefAst>,
@@ -44,27 +44,12 @@ pub struct TopLevelComposer {
     pub size_t: u32,
 }
 
-/// The specification for a builtin function, consisting of the function name, the function
-/// signature, and a [code generation callback][`GenCall`].
-pub type BuiltinFuncSpec = (StrRef, FunSignature, Arc<GenCall>);
-
-/// A function that creates a [`BuiltinFuncSpec`] using the provided [`PrimitiveStore`] and
-/// [`Unifier`].
-pub type BuiltinFuncCreator = dyn Fn(&PrimitiveStore, &mut Unifier) -> BuiltinFuncSpec;
-
 impl TopLevelComposer {
     /// return a composer and things to make a "primitive" symbol resolver, so that the symbol
-    /// resolver can later figure out primitive tye definitions when passed a primitive type name
+    /// resolver can later figure out primitive type definitions when passed a primitive type name
-    ///
-    /// `lateinit_builtins` are specifically for the ARTIQ module. Since the [`Unifier`] instance
-    /// used to create builtin functions do not persist until method compilation, any types
-    /// created (e.g. [`TypeEnum::TVar`]) also do not persist. Those functions should be instead put
-    /// in `lateinit_builtins`, where they will be instantiated with the [`Unifier`] instance used
-    /// for method compilation.
     #[must_use]
     pub fn new(
-        builtins: Vec<BuiltinFuncSpec>,
+        builtins: Vec<(StrRef, FunSignature, Arc<GenCall>)>,
-        lateinit_builtins: Vec<Box<BuiltinFuncCreator>>,
         core_config: ComposerConfig,
         size_t: u32,
     ) -> (Self, HashMap<StrRef, DefinitionId>, HashMap<StrRef, Type>) {
@@ -134,13 +119,7 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
             }
         }
 
-        // Materialize lateinit_builtins, now that the unifier is ready
+        for (name, sig, codegen_callback) in builtins {
-        let lateinit_builtins = lateinit_builtins
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|builtin| builtin(&primitives_ty, &mut unifier))
-            .collect_vec();
-
-        for (name, sig, codegen_callback) in builtins.into_iter().chain(lateinit_builtins) {
             let fun_sig = unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(sig));
             builtin_ty.insert(name, fun_sig);
             builtin_id.insert(name, DefinitionId(definition_ast_list.len()));
@@ -787,7 +766,6 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
             let target_ty = get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(
                 &temp_def_list,
                 unifier,
-                primitives,
                 &def,
                 &mut subst_list,
             )?;
@@ -881,73 +859,7 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
             let resolver = &**resolver;
 
             let mut function_var_map = VarMap::new();
-
+            let arg_types = {
-            let vararg = args
-                .vararg
-                .as_ref()
-                .map(|vararg| -> Result<_, HashSet<String>> {
-                    let vararg = vararg.as_ref();
-
-                    let annotation = vararg
-                        .node
-                        .annotation
-                        .as_ref()
-                        .ok_or_else(|| {
-                            HashSet::from([format!(
-                                "function parameter `{}` needs type annotation at {}",
-                                vararg.node.arg, vararg.location
-                            )])
-                        })?
-                        .as_ref();
-
-                    let type_annotation = parse_ast_to_type_annotation_kinds(
-                        resolver,
-                        temp_def_list.as_slice(),
-                        unifier,
-                        primitives_store,
-                        annotation,
-                        // NOTE: since only class need this, for function
-                        // it should be fine to be empty map
-                        HashMap::new(),
-                    )?;
-
-                    let type_vars_within =
-                        get_type_var_contained_in_type_annotation(&type_annotation)
-                            .into_iter()
-                            .map(|x| -> Result<TypeVar, HashSet<String>> {
-                                let TypeAnnotation::TypeVar(ty) = x else {
-                                    unreachable!("must be type var annotation kind")
-                                };
-
-                                let id = Self::get_var_id(ty, unifier)?;
-                                Ok(TypeVar { id, ty })
-                            })
-                            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
-                    for var in type_vars_within {
-                        if let Some(prev_ty) = function_var_map.insert(var.id, var.ty) {
-                            // if already have the type inserted, make sure they are the same thing
-                            assert_eq!(prev_ty, var.ty);
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    let ty = get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(
-                        temp_def_list.as_ref(),
-                        unifier,
-                        primitives_store,
-                        &type_annotation,
-                        &mut None,
-                    )?;
-
-                    Ok(FuncArg {
-                        name: vararg.node.arg,
-                        ty,
-                        default_value: Some(SymbolValue::Tuple(Vec::default())),
-                        is_vararg: true,
-                    })
-                })
-                .transpose()?;
-
-            let mut arg_types = {
                 // make sure no duplicate parameter
                 let mut defined_parameter_name: HashSet<_> = HashSet::new();
                 for x in &args.args {
@@ -1024,7 +936,6 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                         let ty = get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(
                             temp_def_list.as_ref(),
                             unifier,
-                            primitives_store,
                             &type_annotation,
                             &mut None,
                         )?;
@@ -1048,18 +959,11 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                                     v
                                 }),
                             },
-                            is_vararg: false,
                         })
                     })
                     .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?
             };
 
-            if let Some(vararg) = vararg {
-                arg_types.push(vararg);
-            };
-
-            let arg_types = arg_types;
-
             let return_ty = {
                 if let Some(returns) = returns {
                     let return_ty_annotation = {
@@ -1098,7 +1002,6 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                     get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(
                         &temp_def_list,
                         unifier,
-                        primitives_store,
                         &return_ty_annotation,
                         &mut None,
                     )?
@@ -1311,7 +1214,6 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                                             })
                                         }
                                     },
-                                    is_vararg: false,
                                 };
                                 // push the dummy type and the type annotation
                                 // into the list for later unification
@@ -1720,7 +1622,6 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                 let self_type = get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(
                     &def_list,
                     unifier,
-                    primitives_ty,
                     &make_self_type_annotation(type_vars, *object_id),
                     &mut None,
                 )?;
@@ -1737,25 +1638,21 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                                 name: "msg".into(),
                                 ty: string,
                                 default_value: Some(SymbolValue::Str(String::new())),
-                                is_vararg: false,
                             },
                             FuncArg {
                                 name: "param0".into(),
                                 ty: int64,
                                 default_value: Some(SymbolValue::I64(0)),
-                                is_vararg: false,
                             },
                             FuncArg {
                                 name: "param1".into(),
                                 ty: int64,
                                 default_value: Some(SymbolValue::I64(0)),
-                                is_vararg: false,
                             },
                             FuncArg {
                                 name: "param2".into(),
                                 ty: int64,
                                 default_value: Some(SymbolValue::I64(0)),
-                                is_vararg: false,
                             },
                         ],
                         ret: self_type,
@@ -1822,12 +1719,7 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                         if *name != init_str_id {
                             unreachable!("must be init function here")
                         }
-
+                        let all_inited = Self::get_all_assigned_field(body.as_slice())?;
-                        let all_inited = Self::get_all_assigned_field(
-                            object_id.0,
-                            definition_ast_list,
-                            body.as_slice(),
-                        )?;
                         for (f, _, _) in fields {
                             if !all_inited.contains(f) {
                                 return Err(HashSet::from([
@@ -1894,8 +1786,7 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
             } = &mut *function_def
             {
                 let signature_ty_enum = unifier.get_ty(*signature);
-                let TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature { args, ret, vars, .. }) =
+                let TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature { args, ret, vars }) = signature_ty_enum.as_ref()
-                    signature_ty_enum.as_ref()
                 else {
                     unreachable!("must be typeenum::tfunc")
                 };
@@ -1912,11 +1803,7 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
 
                         let ty_ann = make_self_type_annotation(type_vars, *class_id);
                         let self_ty = get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(
-                            &def_list,
+                            &def_list, unifier, &ty_ann, &mut None,
-                            unifier,
-                            primitives_ty,
-                            &ty_ann,
-                            &mut None,
                         )?;
                         vars.extend(type_vars.iter().map(|ty| {
                             let TypeEnum::TVar { id, .. } = &*unifier.get_ty(*ty) else {
@@ -1971,7 +1858,6 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                                 name: a.name,
                                 ty: unifier.subst(a.ty, &subst).unwrap_or(a.ty),
                                 default_value: a.default_value.clone(),
-                                is_vararg: false,
                             })
                             .collect_vec()
                     };
@@ -2058,16 +1944,6 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                         instance_to_symbol.insert(String::new(), simple_name.to_string());
                         continue;
                     }
-                    if !decorator_list.is_empty() {
-                        if let ast::ExprKind::Call { func, .. } = &decorator_list[0].node {
-                            if matches!(&func.node,
-                                ast::ExprKind::Name{ id, .. } if id == &"rpc".into())
-                            {
-                                instance_to_symbol.insert(String::new(), simple_name.to_string());
-                                continue;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
 
                     let fun_body = body
                         .into_iter()

nac3core/src/toplevel/helper.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ use std::convert::TryInto;
 use crate::symbol_resolver::SymbolValue;
 use crate::toplevel::numpy::unpack_ndarray_var_tys;
 use crate::typecheck::typedef::{into_var_map, iter_type_vars, Mapping, TypeVarId, VarMap};
-use ast::ExprKind;
 use nac3parser::ast::{Constant, Location};
 use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
 use strum_macros::EnumIter;
@@ -28,22 +27,17 @@ pub enum PrimDef {
     List,
     NDArray,
 
-    // Option methods
+    // Member Functions
-    FunOptionIsSome,
+    OptionIsSome,
-    FunOptionIsNone,
+    OptionIsNone,
-    FunOptionUnwrap,
+    OptionUnwrap,
-
+    NDArrayCopy,
-    // Option-related functions
+    NDArrayFill,
-    FunSome,
+    FunInt32,
-
+    FunInt64,
-    // NDArray methods
+    FunUInt32,
-    FunNDArrayCopy,
+    FunUInt64,
-    FunNDArrayFill,
+    FunFloat,
-
-    // Range methods
-    FunRangeInit,
-
-    // NumPy factory functions
     FunNpNDArray,
     FunNpEmpty,
     FunNpZeros,
@@ -52,17 +46,28 @@ pub enum PrimDef {
     FunNpArray,
     FunNpEye,
     FunNpIdentity,
-
+    FunRound,
-    // Miscellaneous NumPy & SciPy functions
+    FunRound64,
     FunNpRound,
+    FunRangeInit,
+    FunStr,
+    FunBool,
+    FunFloor,
+    FunFloor64,
     FunNpFloor,
+    FunCeil,
+    FunCeil64,
     FunNpCeil,
+    FunLen,
+    FunMin,
     FunNpMin,
     FunNpMinimum,
     FunNpArgmin,
+    FunMax,
     FunNpMax,
     FunNpMaximum,
     FunNpArgmax,
+    FunAbs,
     FunNpIsNan,
     FunNpIsInf,
     FunNpSin,
@@ -100,46 +105,15 @@ pub enum PrimDef {
     FunNpLdExp,
     FunNpHypot,
     FunNpNextAfter,
-    FunNpTranspose,
-    FunNpReshape,
 
-    // Linalg functions
+    // Top-Level Functions
-    FunNpDot,
+    FunSome,
-    FunNpLinalgCholesky,
-    FunNpLinalgQr,
-    FunNpLinalgSvd,
-    FunNpLinalgInv,
-    FunNpLinalgPinv,
-    FunNpLinalgMatrixPower,
-    FunNpLinalgDet,
-    FunSpLinalgLu,
-    FunSpLinalgSchur,
-    FunSpLinalgHessenberg,
-
-    // Miscellaneous Python & NAC3 functions
-    FunInt32,
-    FunInt64,
-    FunUInt32,
-    FunUInt64,
-    FunFloat,
-    FunRound,
-    FunRound64,
-    FunStr,
-    FunBool,
-    FunFloor,
-    FunFloor64,
-    FunCeil,
-    FunCeil64,
-    FunLen,
-    FunMin,
-    FunMax,
-    FunAbs,
 }
 
 /// Associated details of a [`PrimDef`]
 pub enum PrimDefDetails {
     PrimFunction { name: &'static str, simple_name: &'static str },
-    PrimClass { name: &'static str, get_ty_fn: fn(&PrimitiveStore) -> Type },
+    PrimClass { name: &'static str },
 }
 
 impl PrimDef {
@@ -181,17 +155,15 @@ impl PrimDef {
     #[must_use]
     pub fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
         match self.details() {
-            PrimDefDetails::PrimFunction { name, .. } | PrimDefDetails::PrimClass { name, .. } => {
+            PrimDefDetails::PrimFunction { name, .. } | PrimDefDetails::PrimClass { name } => name,
-                name
-            }
         }
     }
 
     /// Get the associated details of this [`PrimDef`]
     #[must_use]
     pub fn details(self) -> PrimDefDetails {
-        fn class(name: &'static str, get_ty_fn: fn(&PrimitiveStore) -> Type) -> PrimDefDetails {
+        fn class(name: &'static str) -> PrimDefDetails {
-            PrimDefDetails::PrimClass { name, get_ty_fn }
+            PrimDefDetails::PrimClass { name }
         }
 
         fn fun(name: &'static str, simple_name: Option<&'static str>) -> PrimDefDetails {
@@ -199,37 +171,29 @@ impl PrimDef {
         }
 
         match self {
-            // Classes
+            PrimDef::Int32 => class("int32"),
-            PrimDef::Int32 => class("int32", |primitives| primitives.int32),
+            PrimDef::Int64 => class("int64"),
-            PrimDef::Int64 => class("int64", |primitives| primitives.int64),
+            PrimDef::Float => class("float"),
-            PrimDef::Float => class("float", |primitives| primitives.float),
+            PrimDef::Bool => class("bool"),
-            PrimDef::Bool => class("bool", |primitives| primitives.bool),
+            PrimDef::None => class("none"),
-            PrimDef::None => class("none", |primitives| primitives.none),
+            PrimDef::Range => class("range"),
-            PrimDef::Range => class("range", |primitives| primitives.range),
+            PrimDef::Str => class("str"),
-            PrimDef::Str => class("str", |primitives| primitives.str),
+            PrimDef::Exception => class("Exception"),
-            PrimDef::Exception => class("Exception", |primitives| primitives.exception),
+            PrimDef::UInt32 => class("uint32"),
-            PrimDef::UInt32 => class("uint32", |primitives| primitives.uint32),
+            PrimDef::UInt64 => class("uint64"),
-            PrimDef::UInt64 => class("uint64", |primitives| primitives.uint64),
+            PrimDef::Option => class("Option"),
-            PrimDef::Option => class("Option", |primitives| primitives.option),
+            PrimDef::OptionIsSome => fun("Option.is_some", Some("is_some")),
-            PrimDef::List => class("list", |primitives| primitives.list),
+            PrimDef::OptionIsNone => fun("Option.is_none", Some("is_none")),
-            PrimDef::NDArray => class("ndarray", |primitives| primitives.ndarray),
+            PrimDef::OptionUnwrap => fun("Option.unwrap", Some("unwrap")),
-
+            PrimDef::List => class("list"),
-            // Option methods
+            PrimDef::NDArray => class("ndarray"),
-            PrimDef::FunOptionIsSome => fun("Option.is_some", Some("is_some")),
+            PrimDef::NDArrayCopy => fun("ndarray.copy", Some("copy")),
-            PrimDef::FunOptionIsNone => fun("Option.is_none", Some("is_none")),
+            PrimDef::NDArrayFill => fun("ndarray.fill", Some("fill")),
-            PrimDef::FunOptionUnwrap => fun("Option.unwrap", Some("unwrap")),
+            PrimDef::FunInt32 => fun("int32", None),
-
+            PrimDef::FunInt64 => fun("int64", None),
-            // Option-related functions
+            PrimDef::FunUInt32 => fun("uint32", None),
-            PrimDef::FunSome => fun("Some", None),
+            PrimDef::FunUInt64 => fun("uint64", None),
-
+            PrimDef::FunFloat => fun("float", None),
-            // NDArray methods
-            PrimDef::FunNDArrayCopy => fun("ndarray.copy", Some("copy")),
-            PrimDef::FunNDArrayFill => fun("ndarray.fill", Some("fill")),
-
-            // Range methods
-            PrimDef::FunRangeInit => fun("range.__init__", Some("__init__")),
-
-            // NumPy factory functions
             PrimDef::FunNpNDArray => fun("np_ndarray", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpEmpty => fun("np_empty", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpZeros => fun("np_zeros", None),
@@ -238,17 +202,28 @@ impl PrimDef {
             PrimDef::FunNpArray => fun("np_array", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpEye => fun("np_eye", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpIdentity => fun("np_identity", None),
-
+            PrimDef::FunRound => fun("round", None),
-            // Miscellaneous NumPy & SciPy functions
+            PrimDef::FunRound64 => fun("round64", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpRound => fun("np_round", None),
+            PrimDef::FunRangeInit => fun("range.__init__", Some("__init__")),
+            PrimDef::FunStr => fun("str", None),
+            PrimDef::FunBool => fun("bool", None),
+            PrimDef::FunFloor => fun("floor", None),
+            PrimDef::FunFloor64 => fun("floor64", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpFloor => fun("np_floor", None),
+            PrimDef::FunCeil => fun("ceil", None),
+            PrimDef::FunCeil64 => fun("ceil64", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpCeil => fun("np_ceil", None),
+            PrimDef::FunLen => fun("len", None),
+            PrimDef::FunMin => fun("min", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpMin => fun("np_min", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpMinimum => fun("np_minimum", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpArgmin => fun("np_argmin", None),
+            PrimDef::FunMax => fun("max", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpMax => fun("np_max", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpMaximum => fun("np_maximum", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpArgmax => fun("np_argmax", None),
+            PrimDef::FunAbs => fun("abs", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpIsNan => fun("np_isnan", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpIsInf => fun("np_isinf", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpSin => fun("np_sin", None),
@@ -286,40 +261,7 @@ impl PrimDef {
             PrimDef::FunNpLdExp => fun("np_ldexp", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpHypot => fun("np_hypot", None),
             PrimDef::FunNpNextAfter => fun("np_nextafter", None),
-            PrimDef::FunNpTranspose => fun("np_transpose", None),
+            PrimDef::FunSome => fun("Some", None),
-            PrimDef::FunNpReshape => fun("np_reshape", None),
-
-            // Linalg functions
-            PrimDef::FunNpDot => fun("np_dot", None),
-            PrimDef::FunNpLinalgCholesky => fun("np_linalg_cholesky", None),
-            PrimDef::FunNpLinalgQr => fun("np_linalg_qr", None),
-            PrimDef::FunNpLinalgSvd => fun("np_linalg_svd", None),
-            PrimDef::FunNpLinalgInv => fun("np_linalg_inv", None),
-            PrimDef::FunNpLinalgPinv => fun("np_linalg_pinv", None),
-            PrimDef::FunNpLinalgMatrixPower => fun("np_linalg_matrix_power", None),
-            PrimDef::FunNpLinalgDet => fun("np_linalg_det", None),
-            PrimDef::FunSpLinalgLu => fun("sp_linalg_lu", None),
-            PrimDef::FunSpLinalgSchur => fun("sp_linalg_schur", None),
-            PrimDef::FunSpLinalgHessenberg => fun("sp_linalg_hessenberg", None),
-
-            // Miscellaneous Python & NAC3 functions
-            PrimDef::FunInt32 => fun("int32", None),
-            PrimDef::FunInt64 => fun("int64", None),
-            PrimDef::FunUInt32 => fun("uint32", None),
-            PrimDef::FunUInt64 => fun("uint64", None),
-            PrimDef::FunFloat => fun("float", None),
-            PrimDef::FunRound => fun("round", None),
-            PrimDef::FunRound64 => fun("round64", None),
-            PrimDef::FunStr => fun("str", None),
-            PrimDef::FunBool => fun("bool", None),
-            PrimDef::FunFloor => fun("floor", None),
-            PrimDef::FunFloor64 => fun("floor64", None),
-            PrimDef::FunCeil => fun("ceil", None),
-            PrimDef::FunCeil64 => fun("ceil64", None),
-            PrimDef::FunLen => fun("len", None),
-            PrimDef::FunMin => fun("min", None),
-            PrimDef::FunMax => fun("max", None),
-            PrimDef::FunAbs => fun("abs", None),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -470,9 +412,9 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
         let option = unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TObj {
             obj_id: PrimDef::Option.id(),
             fields: vec![
-                (PrimDef::FunOptionIsSome.simple_name().into(), (is_some_type_fun_ty, true)),
+                (PrimDef::OptionIsSome.simple_name().into(), (is_some_type_fun_ty, true)),
-                (PrimDef::FunOptionIsNone.simple_name().into(), (is_some_type_fun_ty, true)),
+                (PrimDef::OptionIsNone.simple_name().into(), (is_some_type_fun_ty, true)),
-                (PrimDef::FunOptionUnwrap.simple_name().into(), (unwrap_fun_ty, true)),
+                (PrimDef::OptionUnwrap.simple_name().into(), (unwrap_fun_ty, true)),
             ]
             .into_iter()
             .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>(),
@@ -506,7 +448,6 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                 name: "value".into(),
                 ty: ndarray_dtype_tvar.ty,
                 default_value: None,
-                is_vararg: false,
             }],
             ret: none,
             vars: into_var_map([ndarray_dtype_tvar, ndarray_ndims_tvar]),
@@ -514,8 +455,8 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
         let ndarray = unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TObj {
             obj_id: PrimDef::NDArray.id(),
             fields: Mapping::from([
-                (PrimDef::FunNDArrayCopy.simple_name().into(), (ndarray_copy_fun_ty, true)),
+                (PrimDef::NDArrayCopy.simple_name().into(), (ndarray_copy_fun_ty, true)),
-                (PrimDef::FunNDArrayFill.simple_name().into(), (ndarray_fill_fun_ty, true)),
+                (PrimDef::NDArrayFill.simple_name().into(), (ndarray_fill_fun_ty, true)),
             ]),
             params: into_var_map([ndarray_dtype_tvar, ndarray_ndims_tvar]),
         });
@@ -734,16 +675,7 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
         )
     }
 
-    /// This function returns the fields that have been initialized in the `__init__` function of a class
+    pub fn get_all_assigned_field(stmts: &[Stmt<()>]) -> Result<HashSet<StrRef>, HashSet<String>> {
-    /// The function takes as input:
-    ///  * `class_id`: The `object_id` of the class whose function is being evaluated (check `TopLevelDef::Class`)
-    ///  * `definition_ast_list`: A list of ast definitions and statements defined in `TopLevelComposer`
-    ///  * `stmts`: The body of function being parsed. Each statment is analyzed to check varaible initialization statements
-    pub fn get_all_assigned_field(
-        class_id: usize,
-        definition_ast_list: &Vec<DefAst>,
-        stmts: &[Stmt<()>],
-    ) -> Result<HashSet<StrRef>, HashSet<String>> {
         let mut result = HashSet::new();
         for s in stmts {
             match &s.node {
@@ -779,138 +711,30 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
                 // TODO: do not check for For and While?
                 ast::StmtKind::For { body, orelse, .. }
                 | ast::StmtKind::While { body, orelse, .. } => {
-                    result.extend(Self::get_all_assigned_field(
+                    result.extend(Self::get_all_assigned_field(body.as_slice())?);
-                        class_id,
+                    result.extend(Self::get_all_assigned_field(orelse.as_slice())?);
-                        definition_ast_list,
-                        body.as_slice(),
-                    )?);
-                    result.extend(Self::get_all_assigned_field(
-                        class_id,
-                        definition_ast_list,
-                        orelse.as_slice(),
-                    )?);
                 }
                 ast::StmtKind::If { body, orelse, .. } => {
-                    let inited_for_sure = Self::get_all_assigned_field(
+                    let inited_for_sure = Self::get_all_assigned_field(body.as_slice())?
-                        class_id,
+                        .intersection(&Self::get_all_assigned_field(orelse.as_slice())?)
-                        definition_ast_list,
+                        .copied()
-                        body.as_slice(),
+                        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
-                    )?
-                    .intersection(&Self::get_all_assigned_field(
-                        class_id,
-                        definition_ast_list,
-                        orelse.as_slice(),
-                    )?)
-                    .copied()
-                    .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
                     result.extend(inited_for_sure);
                 }
                 ast::StmtKind::Try { body, orelse, finalbody, .. } => {
-                    let inited_for_sure = Self::get_all_assigned_field(
+                    let inited_for_sure = Self::get_all_assigned_field(body.as_slice())?
-                        class_id,
+                        .intersection(&Self::get_all_assigned_field(orelse.as_slice())?)
-                        definition_ast_list,
+                        .copied()
-                        body.as_slice(),
+                        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
-                    )?
-                    .intersection(&Self::get_all_assigned_field(
-                        class_id,
-                        definition_ast_list,
-                        orelse.as_slice(),
-                    )?)
-                    .copied()
-                    .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
                     result.extend(inited_for_sure);
-                    result.extend(Self::get_all_assigned_field(
+                    result.extend(Self::get_all_assigned_field(finalbody.as_slice())?);
-                        class_id,
-                        definition_ast_list,
-                        finalbody.as_slice(),
-                    )?);
                 }
                 ast::StmtKind::With { body, .. } => {
-                    result.extend(Self::get_all_assigned_field(
+                    result.extend(Self::get_all_assigned_field(body.as_slice())?);
-                        class_id,
-                        definition_ast_list,
-                        body.as_slice(),
-                    )?);
-                }
-                // Variables Initialized in function calls
-                ast::StmtKind::Expr { value, .. } => {
-                    let ExprKind::Call { func, .. } = &value.node else {
-                        continue;
-                    };
-                    let ExprKind::Attribute { value, attr, .. } = &func.node else {
-                        continue;
-                    };
-                    let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = &value.node else {
-                        continue;
-                    };
-                    // Need to consider the two cases:
-                    //  Case 1) Call to class function i.e. id = `self`
-                    //  Case 2) Call to class ancestor function i.e. id = ancestor_name
-                    // We leave checking whether function in case 2 belonged to class ancestor or not to type checker
-                    //
-                    // According to current handling of `self`, function definition are fixed and do not change regardless
-                    // of which object is passed as `self` i.e. virtual polymorphism is not supported
-                    // Therefore, we change class id for case 2 to reflect behavior of our compiler
-
-                    let class_name = if *id == "self".into() {
-                        let ast::StmtKind::ClassDef { name, .. } =
-                            &definition_ast_list[class_id].1.as_ref().unwrap().node
-                        else {
-                            unreachable!()
-                        };
-                        name
-                    } else {
-                        id
-                    };
-
-                    let parent_method = definition_ast_list.iter().find_map(|def| {
-                        let (
-                            class_def,
-                            Some(ast::Located {
-                                node: ast::StmtKind::ClassDef { name, body, .. },
-                                ..
-                            }),
-                        ) = &def
-                        else {
-                            return None;
-                        };
-                        let TopLevelDef::Class { object_id: class_id, .. } = &*class_def.read()
-                        else {
-                            unreachable!()
-                        };
-
-                        if name == class_name {
-                            body.iter().find_map(|m| {
-                                let ast::StmtKind::FunctionDef { name, body, .. } = &m.node else {
-                                    return None;
-                                };
-                                if *name == *attr {
-                                    return Some((body.clone(), class_id.0));
-                                }
-                                None
-                            })
-                        } else {
-                            None
-                        }
-                    });
-
-                    // If method body is none then method does not exist
-                    if let Some((method_body, class_id)) = parent_method {
-                        result.extend(Self::get_all_assigned_field(
-                            class_id,
-                            definition_ast_list,
-                            method_body.as_slice(),
-                        )?);
-                    } else {
-                        return Err(HashSet::from([format!(
-                            "{}.{} not found in class {class_name} at {}",
-                            *id, *attr, value.location
-                        )]));
-                    }
                 }
                 ast::StmtKind::Pass { .. }
                 | ast::StmtKind::Assert { .. }
-                | ast::StmtKind::AnnAssign { .. } => {}
+                | ast::StmtKind::Expr { .. } => {}
 
                 _ => {
                     unimplemented!()

nac3core/src/toplevel/mod.rs

@@ -130,14 +130,14 @@ pub enum TopLevelDef {
         /// Function instance to symbol mapping
         ///
         /// * Key: String representation of type variable values, sorted by variable ID in ascending
-        ///   order, including type variables associated with the class.
+        /// order, including type variables associated with the class.
         /// * Value: Function symbol name.
         instance_to_symbol: HashMap<String, String>,
         /// Function instances to annotated AST mapping
         ///
         /// * Key: String representation of type variable values, sorted by variable ID in ascending
-        ///   order, including type variables associated with the class. Excluding rigid type
+        /// order, including type variables associated with the class. Excluding rigid type
-        ///   variables.
+        /// variables.
         ///
         /// Rigid type variables that would be substituted when the function is instantiated.
         instance_to_stmt: HashMap<String, FunInstance>,

nac3core/src/toplevel/numpy.rs

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 /// Creates a `ndarray` [`Type`] with the given type arguments.
 ///
 /// * `dtype` - The element type of the `ndarray`, or [`None`] if the type variable is not
-///   specialized.
+/// specialized.
 /// * `ndims` - The number of dimensions of the `ndarray`, or [`None`] if the type variable is not
-///   specialized.
+/// specialized.
 pub fn make_ndarray_ty(
     unifier: &mut Unifier,
     primitives: &PrimitiveStore,
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ pub fn make_ndarray_ty(
 /// Substitutes type variables in `ndarray`.
 ///
 /// * `dtype` - The element type of the `ndarray`, or [`None`] if the type variable is not
-///   specialized.
+/// specialized.
 /// * `ndims` - The number of dimensions of the `ndarray`, or [`None`] if the type variable is not
-///   specialized.
+/// specialized.
 pub fn subst_ndarray_tvars(
     unifier: &mut Unifier,
     ndarray: Type,

nac3core/src/toplevel/snapshots/nac3core__toplevel__test__test_analyze__generic_class.snap

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ expression: res_vec
 [
     "Class {\nname: \"Generic_A\",\nancestors: [\"Generic_A[V]\", \"B\"],\nfields: [\"aa\", \"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[b:T], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:int32], V]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"V\"]\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"Generic_A.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
-    "Function {\nname: \"Generic_A.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:int32], V]\",\nvar_id: [TypeVarId(241)]\n}\n",
+    "Function {\nname: \"Generic_A.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:int32], V]\",\nvar_id: [TypeVarId(245)]\n}\n",
     "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"B\"],\nfields: [\"aa\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[b:T], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.foo\",\nsig: \"fn[[b:T], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",

nac3core/src/toplevel/snapshots/nac3core__toplevel__test__test_analyze__inheritance_override.snap

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ expression: res_vec
     "Function {\nname: \"A.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[t:T], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:int32, b:T], list[virtual[B[bool]]]]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.foo\",\nsig: \"fn[[c:C], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
-    "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"B[typevar230]\", \"A[float]\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:int32, b:T], list[virtual[B[bool]]]]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[c:C], none]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"typevar230\"]\n}\n",
+    "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"B[typevar234]\", \"A[float]\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:int32, b:T], list[virtual[B[bool]]]]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[c:C], none]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"typevar234\"]\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:int32, b:T], list[virtual[B[bool]]]]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Class {\nname: \"C\",\nancestors: [\"C\", \"B[bool]\", \"A[float]\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:int32, b:T], list[virtual[B[bool]]]]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[c:C], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",

nac3core/src/toplevel/snapshots/nac3core__toplevel__test__test_analyze__list_tuple_generic.snap

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ expression: res_vec
 [
     "Function {\nname: \"foo\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:list[int32], b:tuple[T, float]], A[B, bool]]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Class {\nname: \"A\",\nancestors: [\"A[T, V]\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[v:V], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:T], V]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"T\", \"V\"]\n}\n",
-    "Function {\nname: \"A.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[v:V], none]\",\nvar_id: [TypeVarId(243)]\n}\n",
+    "Function {\nname: \"A.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[v:V], none]\",\nvar_id: [TypeVarId(247)]\n}\n",
-    "Function {\nname: \"A.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:T], V]\",\nvar_id: [TypeVarId(248)]\n}\n",
+    "Function {\nname: \"A.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:T], V]\",\nvar_id: [TypeVarId(252)]\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"gfun\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:A[list[float], int32]], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"B\"],\nfields: [],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",

nac3core/src/toplevel/snapshots/nac3core__toplevel__test__test_analyze__self1.snap

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ source: nac3core/src/toplevel/test.rs
 expression: res_vec
 ---
 [
-    "Class {\nname: \"A\",\nancestors: [\"A[typevar229, typevar230]\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[a:A[float, bool], b:B], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:A[float, bool]], A[bool, int32]]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"typevar229\", \"typevar230\"]\n}\n",
+    "Class {\nname: \"A\",\nancestors: [\"A[typevar233, typevar234]\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[a:A[float, bool], b:B], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:A[float, bool]], A[bool, int32]]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"typevar233\", \"typevar234\"]\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:A[float, bool], b:B], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:A[float, bool]], A[bool, int32]]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"B\", \"A[int64, bool]\"],\nfields: [\"a\", \"b\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:A[float, bool]], A[bool, int32]]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[b:B], B]\"), (\"bar\", \"fn[[a:A[list[B], int32]], tuple[A[virtual[A[B, int32]], bool], B]]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",

nac3core/src/toplevel/snapshots/nac3core__toplevel__test__test_analyze__simple_class_compose.snap

@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ expression: res_vec
     "Class {\nname: \"A\",\nancestors: [\"A\"],\nfields: [\"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[b:B], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[a:T, b:V], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[b:B], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
-    "Function {\nname: \"A.foo\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:T, b:V], none]\",\nvar_id: [TypeVarId(249)]\n}\n",
+    "Function {\nname: \"A.foo\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:T, b:V], none]\",\nvar_id: [TypeVarId(253)]\n}\n",
     "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"B\", \"C\", \"A\"],\nfields: [\"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[b:B], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[a:T, b:V], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Class {\nname: \"C\",\nancestors: [\"C\", \"A\"],\nfields: [\"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[b:B], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[a:T, b:V], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"C.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"C.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[b:B], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"foo\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:A], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
-    "Function {\nname: \"ff\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:T], V]\",\nvar_id: [TypeVarId(257)]\n}\n",
+    "Function {\nname: \"ff\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:T], V]\",\nvar_id: [TypeVarId(261)]\n}\n",
 ]

nac3core/src/toplevel/test.rs

@@ -117,8 +117,7 @@ impl SymbolResolver for Resolver {
     "register"
 )]
 fn test_simple_register(source: Vec<&str>) {
-    let mut composer =
+    let mut composer = TopLevelComposer::new(Vec::new(), ComposerConfig::default(), 64).0;
-        TopLevelComposer::new(Vec::new(), Vec::new(), ComposerConfig::default(), 64).0;
 
     for s in source {
         let ast = parse_program(s, FileName::default()).unwrap();
@@ -138,8 +137,7 @@ fn test_simple_register(source: Vec<&str>) {
     "register"
 )]
 fn test_simple_register_without_constructor(source: &str) {
-    let mut composer =
+    let mut composer = TopLevelComposer::new(Vec::new(), ComposerConfig::default(), 64).0;
-        TopLevelComposer::new(Vec::new(), Vec::new(), ComposerConfig::default(), 64).0;
     let ast = parse_program(source, FileName::default()).unwrap();
     let ast = ast[0].clone();
     composer.register_top_level(ast, None, "", true).unwrap();
@@ -173,8 +171,7 @@ fn test_simple_register_without_constructor(source: &str) {
     "function compose"
 )]
 fn test_simple_function_analyze(source: &[&str], tys: &[&str], names: &[&str]) {
-    let mut composer =
+    let mut composer = TopLevelComposer::new(Vec::new(), ComposerConfig::default(), 64).0;
-        TopLevelComposer::new(Vec::new(), Vec::new(), ComposerConfig::default(), 64).0;
 
     let internal_resolver = Arc::new(ResolverInternal {
         id_to_def: Mutex::default(),
@@ -522,8 +519,7 @@ fn test_simple_function_analyze(source: &[&str], tys: &[&str], names: &[&str]) {
 )]
 fn test_analyze(source: &[&str], res: &[&str]) {
     let print = false;
-    let mut composer =
+    let mut composer = TopLevelComposer::new(Vec::new(), ComposerConfig::default(), 64).0;
-        TopLevelComposer::new(Vec::new(), Vec::new(), ComposerConfig::default(), 64).0;
 
     let internal_resolver = make_internal_resolver_with_tvar(
         vec![
@@ -700,8 +696,7 @@ fn test_analyze(source: &[&str], res: &[&str]) {
 )]
 fn test_inference(source: Vec<&str>, res: &[&str]) {
     let print = true;
-    let mut composer =
+    let mut composer = TopLevelComposer::new(Vec::new(), ComposerConfig::default(), 64).0;
-        TopLevelComposer::new(Vec::new(), Vec::new(), ComposerConfig::default(), 64).0;
 
     let internal_resolver = make_internal_resolver_with_tvar(
         vec![

nac3core/src/toplevel/type_annotation.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 use super::*;
 use crate::symbol_resolver::SymbolValue;
-use crate::toplevel::helper::{PrimDef, PrimDefDetails};
+use crate::toplevel::helper::PrimDef;
 use crate::typecheck::typedef::VarMap;
 use nac3parser::ast::Constant;
-use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub enum TypeAnnotation {
@@ -64,9 +63,9 @@ impl TypeAnnotation {
 /// Parses an AST expression `expr` into a [`TypeAnnotation`].
 ///
 /// * `locked` - A [`HashMap`] containing the IDs of known definitions, mapped to a [`Vec`] of all
-///   generic variables associated with the definition.
+/// generic variables associated with the definition.
 /// * `type_var` - The type variable associated with the type argument currently being parsed. Pass
-///   [`None`] when this function is invoked externally.
+/// [`None`] when this function is invoked externally.
 pub fn parse_ast_to_type_annotation_kinds<T, S: std::hash::BuildHasher + Clone>(
     resolver: &(dyn SymbolResolver + Send + Sync),
     top_level_defs: &[Arc<RwLock<TopLevelDef>>],
@@ -358,7 +357,6 @@ pub fn parse_ast_to_type_annotation_kinds<T, S: std::hash::BuildHasher + Clone>(
 pub fn get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(
     top_level_defs: &[Arc<RwLock<TopLevelDef>>],
     unifier: &mut Unifier,
-    primitives: &PrimitiveStore,
     ann: &TypeAnnotation,
     subst_list: &mut Option<Vec<Type>>,
 ) -> Result<Type, HashSet<String>> {
@@ -381,141 +379,100 @@ pub fn get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(
             let param_ty = params
                 .iter()
                 .map(|x| {
-                    get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(
+                    get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(top_level_defs, unifier, x, subst_list)
-                        top_level_defs,
-                        unifier,
-                        primitives,
-                        x,
-                        subst_list,
-                    )
                 })
                 .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
 
-            let ty = if let Some(prim_def) = PrimDef::iter().find(|prim| prim.id() == *obj_id) {
+            let subst = {
-                // Primitive TopLevelDefs do not contain all fields that are present in their Type
+                // check for compatible range
-                // counterparts, so directly perform subst on the Type instead.
+                // TODO: if allow type var to be applied(now this disallowed in the parse_to_type_annotation), need more check
-
+                let mut result = VarMap::new();
-                let PrimDefDetails::PrimClass { get_ty_fn, .. } = prim_def.details() else {
+                for (tvar, p) in type_vars.iter().zip(param_ty) {
-                    unreachable!()
+                    match unifier.get_ty(*tvar).as_ref() {
-                };
+                        TypeEnum::TVar {
-
+                            id,
-                let base_ty = get_ty_fn(primitives);
+                            range,
-                let params =
+                            fields: None,
-                    if let TypeEnum::TObj { params, .. } = &*unifier.get_ty_immutable(base_ty) {
+                            name,
-                        params.clone()
+                            loc,
-                    } else {
+                            is_const_generic: false,
-                        unreachable!()
+                        } => {
-                    };
+                            let ok: bool = {
-
+                                // create a temp type var and unify to check compatibility
-                unifier
+                                p == *tvar || {
-                    .subst(
+                                    let temp = unifier.get_fresh_var_with_range(
-                        get_ty_fn(primitives),
+                                        range.as_slice(),
-                        &params
+                                        *name,
-                            .iter()
+                                        *loc,
-                            .zip(param_ty)
+                                    );
-                            .map(|(obj_tv, param)| (*obj_tv.0, param))
+                                    unifier.unify(temp.ty, p).is_ok()
-                            .collect(),
-                    )
-                    .unwrap_or(base_ty)
-            } else {
-                let subst = {
-                    // check for compatible range
-                    // TODO: if allow type var to be applied(now this disallowed in the parse_to_type_annotation), need more check
-                    let mut result = VarMap::new();
-                    for (tvar, p) in type_vars.iter().zip(param_ty) {
-                        match unifier.get_ty(*tvar).as_ref() {
-                            TypeEnum::TVar {
-                                id,
-                                range,
-                                fields: None,
-                                name,
-                                loc,
-                                is_const_generic: false,
-                            } => {
-                                let ok: bool = {
-                                    // create a temp type var and unify to check compatibility
-                                    p == *tvar || {
-                                        let temp = unifier.get_fresh_var_with_range(
-                                            range.as_slice(),
-                                            *name,
-                                            *loc,
-                                        );
-                                        unifier.unify(temp.ty, p).is_ok()
-                                    }
-                                };
-                                if ok {
-                                    result.insert(*id, p);
-                                } else {
-                                    return Err(HashSet::from([format!(
-                                        "cannot apply type {} to type variable with id {:?}",
-                                        unifier.internal_stringify(
-                                            p,
-                                            &mut |id| format!("class{id}"),
-                                            &mut |id| format!("typevar{id}"),
-                                            &mut None
-                                        ),
-                                        *id
-                                    )]));
                                 }
+                            };
+                            if ok {
+                                result.insert(*id, p);
+                            } else {
+                                return Err(HashSet::from([format!(
+                                    "cannot apply type {} to type variable with id {:?}",
+                                    unifier.internal_stringify(
+                                        p,
+                                        &mut |id| format!("class{id}"),
+                                        &mut |id| format!("typevar{id}"),
+                                        &mut None
+                                    ),
+                                    *id
+                                )]));
                             }
-
-                            TypeEnum::TVar {
-                                id, range, name, loc, is_const_generic: true, ..
-                            } => {
-                                let ty = range[0];
-                                let ok: bool = {
-                                    // create a temp type var and unify to check compatibility
-                                    p == *tvar || {
-                                        let temp =
-                                            unifier.get_fresh_const_generic_var(ty, *name, *loc);
-                                        unifier.unify(temp.ty, p).is_ok()
-                                    }
-                                };
-                                if ok {
-                                    result.insert(*id, p);
-                                } else {
-                                    return Err(HashSet::from([format!(
-                                        "cannot apply type {} to type variable {}",
-                                        unifier.stringify(p),
-                                        name.unwrap_or_else(|| format!("typevar{id}").into()),
-                                    )]));
-                                }
-                            }
-
-                            _ => unreachable!("must be generic type var"),
                         }
-                    }
-                    result
-                };
-                // Class Attributes keep a copy with Class Definition and are not added to objects
-                let mut tobj_fields = methods
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|(name, ty, _)| {
-                        let subst_ty = unifier.subst(*ty, &subst).unwrap_or(*ty);
-                        // methods are immutable
-                        (*name, (subst_ty, false))
-                    })
-                    .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
-                tobj_fields.extend(fields.iter().map(|(name, ty, mutability)| {
-                    let subst_ty = unifier.subst(*ty, &subst).unwrap_or(*ty);
-                    (*name, (subst_ty, *mutability))
-                }));
-                let need_subst = !subst.is_empty();
-                let ty = unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TObj {
-                    obj_id: *obj_id,
-                    fields: tobj_fields,
-                    params: subst,
-                });
 
-                if need_subst {
+                        TypeEnum::TVar { id, range, name, loc, is_const_generic: true, .. } => {
-                    if let Some(wl) = subst_list.as_mut() {
+                            let ty = range[0];
-                        wl.push(ty);
+                            let ok: bool = {
+                                // create a temp type var and unify to check compatibility
+                                p == *tvar || {
+                                    let temp = unifier.get_fresh_const_generic_var(ty, *name, *loc);
+                                    unifier.unify(temp.ty, p).is_ok()
+                                }
+                            };
+                            if ok {
+                                result.insert(*id, p);
+                            } else {
+                                return Err(HashSet::from([format!(
+                                    "cannot apply type {} to type variable {}",
+                                    unifier.stringify(p),
+                                    name.unwrap_or_else(|| format!("typevar{id}").into()),
+                                )]));
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        _ => unreachable!("must be generic type var"),
                     }
                 }
-
+                result
-                ty
             };
-
+            // Class Attributes keep a copy with Class Definition and are not added to objects
+            let mut tobj_fields = methods
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(name, ty, _)| {
+                    let subst_ty = unifier.subst(*ty, &subst).unwrap_or(*ty);
+                    // methods are immutable
+                    (*name, (subst_ty, false))
+                })
+                .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+            tobj_fields.extend(fields.iter().map(|(name, ty, mutability)| {
+                let subst_ty = unifier.subst(*ty, &subst).unwrap_or(*ty);
+                (*name, (subst_ty, *mutability))
+            }));
+            let need_subst = !subst.is_empty();
+            let ty = unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TObj {
+                obj_id: *obj_id,
+                fields: tobj_fields,
+                params: subst,
+            });
+            if need_subst {
+                if let Some(wl) = subst_list.as_mut() {
+                    wl.push(ty);
+                }
+            }
             Ok(ty)
         }
         TypeAnnotation::Primitive(ty) | TypeAnnotation::TypeVar(ty) => Ok(*ty),
@@ -533,7 +490,6 @@ pub fn get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(
             let ty = get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(
                 top_level_defs,
                 unifier,
-                primitives,
                 ty.as_ref(),
                 subst_list,
             )?;
@@ -543,16 +499,10 @@ pub fn get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(
             let tys = tys
                 .iter()
                 .map(|x| {
-                    get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(
+                    get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(top_level_defs, unifier, x, subst_list)
-                        top_level_defs,
-                        unifier,
-                        primitives,
-                        x,
-                        subst_list,
-                    )
                 })
                 .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
-            Ok(unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: tys, is_vararg_ctx: false }))
+            Ok(unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: tys }))
         }
     }
 }

nac3core/src/typecheck/function_check.rs

@@ -34,18 +34,13 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
                 self.should_have_value(pattern)?;
                 Ok(())
             }
-            ExprKind::List { elts, .. } | ExprKind::Tuple { elts, .. } => {
+            ExprKind::Tuple { elts, .. } => {
                 for elt in elts {
                     self.check_pattern(elt, defined_identifiers)?;
                     self.should_have_value(elt)?;
                 }
                 Ok(())
             }
-            ExprKind::Starred { value, .. } => {
-                self.check_pattern(value, defined_identifiers)?;
-                self.should_have_value(value)?;
-                Ok(())
-            }
             ExprKind::Subscript { value, slice, .. } => {
                 self.check_expr(value, defined_identifiers)?;
                 self.should_have_value(value)?;
@@ -212,23 +207,19 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
     /// This is a workaround preventing the caller from using a variable `alloca`-ed in the body, which
     /// is freed when the function returns.
     fn check_return_value_ty(&mut self, ret_ty: Type) -> bool {
-        if cfg!(feature = "no-escape-analysis") {
+        match &*self.unifier.get_ty_immutable(ret_ty) {
-            true
+            TypeEnum::TObj { .. } => [
-        } else {
+                self.primitives.int32,
-            match &*self.unifier.get_ty_immutable(ret_ty) {
+                self.primitives.int64,
-                TypeEnum::TObj { .. } => [
+                self.primitives.uint32,
-                    self.primitives.int32,
+                self.primitives.uint64,
-                    self.primitives.int64,
+                self.primitives.float,
-                    self.primitives.uint32,
+                self.primitives.bool,
-                    self.primitives.uint64,
+            ]
-                    self.primitives.float,
+            .iter()
-                    self.primitives.bool,
+            .any(|allowed_ty| self.unifier.unioned(ret_ty, *allowed_ty)),
-                ]
+            TypeEnum::TTuple { ty } => ty.iter().all(|t| self.check_return_value_ty(*t)),
-                .iter()
+            _ => false,
-                .any(|allowed_ty| self.unifier.unioned(ret_ty, *allowed_ty)),
-                TypeEnum::TTuple { ty, .. } => ty.iter().all(|t| self.check_return_value_ty(*t)),
-                _ => false,
-            }
         }
     }
 

nac3core/src/typecheck/magic_methods.rs

@@ -197,7 +197,6 @@ pub fn impl_binop(
                             ty: other_ty,
                             default_value: None,
                             name: "other".into(),
-                            is_vararg: false,
                         }],
                     })),
                     false,
@@ -262,7 +261,6 @@ pub fn impl_cmpop(
                             ty: other_ty,
                             default_value: None,
                             name: "other".into(),
-                            is_vararg: false,
                         }],
                     })),
                     false,
@@ -520,23 +518,6 @@ pub fn typeof_binop(
         }
 
         Operator::MatMult => {
-            // NOTE: NumPy matmul's LHS and RHS must both be ndarrays. Scalars are not allowed.
-            match (&*unifier.get_ty(lhs), &*unifier.get_ty(rhs)) {
-                (
-                    TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id: lhs_obj_id, .. },
-                    TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id: rhs_obj_id, .. },
-                ) if *lhs_obj_id == primitives.ndarray.obj_id(unifier).unwrap()
-                    && *rhs_obj_id == primitives.ndarray.obj_id(unifier).unwrap() =>
-                {
-                    // LHS and RHS have valid types
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    let lhs_str = unifier.stringify(lhs);
-                    let rhs_str = unifier.stringify(rhs);
-                    return Err(format!("ndarray.__matmul__ only accepts ndarray operands, but left operand has type {lhs_str}, and right operand has type {rhs_str}"));
-                }
-            }
-
             let (_, lhs_ndims) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(unifier, lhs);
             let lhs_ndims = match &*unifier.get_ty_immutable(lhs_ndims) {
                 TypeEnum::TLiteral { values, .. } => {
@@ -697,7 +678,6 @@ pub fn set_primitives_magic_methods(store: &PrimitiveStore, unifier: &mut Unifie
         bool: bool_t,
         uint32: uint32_t,
         uint64: uint64_t,
-        str: str_t,
         list: list_t,
         ndarray: ndarray_t,
         ..
@@ -743,9 +723,6 @@ pub fn set_primitives_magic_methods(store: &PrimitiveStore, unifier: &mut Unifie
     impl_sign(unifier, store, bool_t, Some(int32_t));
     impl_eq(unifier, store, bool_t, &[bool_t, ndarray_bool_t], None);
 
-    /* str ========= */
-    impl_cmpop(unifier, store, str_t, &[str_t], &[Cmpop::Eq, Cmpop::NotEq], Some(bool_t));
-
     /* list ======== */
     impl_binop(unifier, store, list_t, &[list_t], Some(list_t), &[Operator::Add]);
     impl_binop(unifier, store, list_t, &[int32_t, int64_t], Some(list_t), &[Operator::Mult]);

nac3core/src/typecheck/type_error.rs

@@ -183,10 +183,9 @@ impl<'a> Display for DisplayTypeError<'a> {
                         }
                         result
                     }
-                    (
+                    (TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: ty1 }, TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: ty2 })
-                        TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: ty1, is_vararg_ctx: is_vararg1 },
+                        if ty1.len() != ty2.len() =>
-                        TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: ty2, is_vararg_ctx: is_vararg2 },
+                    {
-                    ) if !is_vararg1 && !is_vararg2 && ty1.len() != ty2.len() => {
                         let t1 = self.unifier.stringify_with_notes(*t1, &mut notes);
                         let t2 = self.unifier.stringify_with_notes(*t2, &mut notes);
                         write!(f, "Tuple length mismatch: got {t1} and {t2}")

nac3core/src/typecheck/type_inferencer/test.rs

@@ -83,12 +83,7 @@ impl TestEnvironment {
         });
         with_fields(&mut unifier, int32, |unifier, fields| {
             let add_ty = unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature {
-                args: vec![FuncArg {
+                args: vec![FuncArg { name: "other".into(), ty: int32, default_value: None }],
-                    name: "other".into(),
-                    ty: int32,
-                    default_value: None,
-                    is_vararg: false,
-                }],
                 ret: int32,
                 vars: VarMap::new(),
             }));
@@ -229,12 +224,7 @@ impl TestEnvironment {
         });
         with_fields(&mut unifier, int32, |unifier, fields| {
             let add_ty = unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature {
-                args: vec![FuncArg {
+                args: vec![FuncArg { name: "other".into(), ty: int32, default_value: None }],
-                    name: "other".into(),
-                    ty: int32,
-                    default_value: None,
-                    is_vararg: false,
-                }],
                 ret: int32,
                 vars: VarMap::new(),
             }));

nac3core/src/typecheck/typedef/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,16 @@
-use super::magic_methods::{Binop, HasOpInfo};
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fmt::{self, Display};
+use std::iter::zip;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, collections::HashSet};
+
+use nac3parser::ast::{Cmpop, Location, StrRef, Unaryop};
+
+use super::magic_methods::Binop;
 use super::type_error::{TypeError, TypeErrorKind};
 use super::unification_table::{UnificationKey, UnificationTable};
 use crate::symbol_resolver::SymbolValue;
@@ -6,16 +18,6 @@ use crate::toplevel::helper::PrimDef;
 use crate::toplevel::{DefinitionId, TopLevelContext, TopLevelDef};
 use crate::typecheck::magic_methods::OpInfo;
 use crate::typecheck::type_inferencer::PrimitiveStore;
-use indexmap::IndexMap;
-use itertools::{repeat_n, Itertools};
-use nac3parser::ast::{Cmpop, Location, StrRef, Unaryop};
-use std::cell::RefCell;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::fmt::{self, Display};
-use std::iter::{repeat, zip};
-use std::rc::Rc;
-use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-use std::{borrow::Cow, collections::HashSet};
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test;
@@ -113,7 +115,6 @@ pub struct FuncArg {
     pub name: StrRef,
     pub ty: Type,
     pub default_value: Option<SymbolValue>,
-    pub is_vararg: bool,
 }
 
 impl FuncArg {
@@ -232,12 +233,6 @@ pub enum TypeEnum {
     TTuple {
         /// The types of elements present in this tuple.
         ty: Vec<Type>,
-
-        /// Whether this tuple is used in a vararg context.
-        ///
-        /// If `true`, `ty` must only contain one type, and the tuple is assumed to contain any
-        /// number of `ty`-typed values.
-        is_vararg_ctx: bool,
     },
 
     /// An object type.
@@ -532,7 +527,7 @@ impl Unifier {
             TypeEnum::TVirtual { ty } => self.get_instantiations(*ty).map(|ty| {
                 ty.iter().map(|&ty| self.add_ty(TypeEnum::TVirtual { ty })).collect_vec()
             }),
-            TypeEnum::TTuple { ty, is_vararg_ctx } => {
+            TypeEnum::TTuple { ty } => {
                 let tuples = ty
                     .iter()
                     .map(|ty| self.get_instantiations(*ty).unwrap_or_else(|| vec![*ty]))
@@ -542,12 +537,7 @@ impl Unifier {
                     None
                 } else {
                     Some(
-                        tuples
+                        tuples.into_iter().map(|ty| self.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty })).collect(),
-                            .into_iter()
-                            .map(|ty| {
-                                self.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty, is_vararg_ctx: *is_vararg_ctx })
-                            })
-                            .collect(),
                     )
                 }
             }
@@ -591,7 +581,7 @@ impl Unifier {
             TVar { .. } => allowed_typevars.iter().any(|b| self.unification_table.unioned(a, *b)),
             TCall { .. } => false,
             TVirtual { ty } => self.is_concrete(*ty, allowed_typevars),
-            TTuple { ty, .. } => ty.iter().all(|ty| self.is_concrete(*ty, allowed_typevars)),
+            TTuple { ty } => ty.iter().all(|ty| self.is_concrete(*ty, allowed_typevars)),
             TObj { params: vars, .. } => {
                 vars.values().all(|ty| self.is_concrete(*ty, allowed_typevars))
             }
@@ -659,7 +649,6 @@ impl Unifier {
 
         // Get details about the function signature/parameters.
         let num_params = signature.args.len();
-        let is_vararg = signature.args.iter().any(|arg| arg.is_vararg);
 
         // Force the type vars in `b` and `signature' to be up-to-date.
         let b = self.instantiate_fun(b, signature);
@@ -670,8 +659,8 @@ impl Unifier {
         let num_args = posargs.len() + kwargs.len();
 
         // Now we check the arguments against the parameters,
-        // and depending on what `call_info` is, we might change how `unify_call()` behaves
+        // and depending on what `call_info` is, we might change how the behavior `unify_call()`
-        // to improve user error messages when type checking fails.
+        // in hopes to improve user error messages when type checking fails.
         match operator_info {
             Some(OperatorInfo::IsBinaryOp { self_type, operator }) => {
                 // The call is written in the form of (say) `a + b`.
@@ -748,7 +737,7 @@ impl Unifier {
                 };
 
                 // Check for "too many arguments"
-                if !is_vararg && num_params < posargs.len() {
+                if num_params < posargs.len() {
                     let expected_min_count =
                         signature.args.iter().filter(|param| param.is_required()).count();
                     let expected_max_count = num_params;
@@ -781,19 +770,6 @@ impl Unifier {
                     type_check_arg(param.name, param.ty, arg_ty)?;
                 }
 
-                if is_vararg {
-                    debug_assert!(!signature.args.is_empty());
-
-                    let vararg_args = posargs.iter().skip(signature.args.len());
-                    let vararg_param = signature.args.last().unwrap();
-
-                    for (&arg_ty, param) in zip(vararg_args, repeat(vararg_param)) {
-                        // `param_info` for this argument would've already been marked as supplied
-                        // during non-vararg posarg typecheck
-                        type_check_arg(param.name, param.ty, arg_ty)?;
-                    }
-                }
-
                 // Now consume all keyword arguments and typecheck them.
                 for (&param_name, &arg_ty) in kwargs {
                     // We will also use this opportunity to check if this keyword argument is "legal".
@@ -983,10 +959,7 @@ impl Unifier {
                 self.unify_impl(x, b, false)?;
                 self.set_a_to_b(a, x);
             }
-            (
+            (TVar { fields: Some(fields), range, is_const_generic: false, .. }, TTuple { ty }) => {
-                TVar { fields: Some(fields), range, is_const_generic: false, .. },
-                TTuple { ty, .. },
-            ) => {
                 let len = i32::try_from(ty.len()).unwrap();
                 for (k, v) in fields {
                     match *k {
@@ -1007,18 +980,8 @@ impl Unifier {
                             self.unify_impl(v.ty, ty[ind as usize], false)
                                 .map_err(|e| e.at(v.loc))?;
                         }
-                        RecordKey::Str(s) => {
+                        RecordKey::Str(_) => {
-                            let tuple_fns = [
+                            return Err(TypeError::new(TypeErrorKind::NoSuchField(*k, b), v.loc))
-                                Cmpop::Eq.op_info().method_name,
-                                Cmpop::NotEq.op_info().method_name,
-                            ];
-
-                            if !tuple_fns.into_iter().any(|op| s.to_string() == op) {
-                                return Err(TypeError::new(
-                                    TypeErrorKind::NoSuchField(*k, b),
-                                    v.loc,
-                                ));
-                            }
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -1093,47 +1056,15 @@ impl Unifier {
                 self.set_a_to_b(a, b);
             }
 
-            (
+            (TTuple { ty: ty1 }, TTuple { ty: ty2 }) => {
-                TTuple { ty: ty1, is_vararg_ctx: is_vararg1 },
+                if ty1.len() != ty2.len() {
-                TTuple { ty: ty2, is_vararg_ctx: is_vararg2 },
+                    return Err(TypeError::new(TypeErrorKind::IncompatibleTypes(a, b), None));
-            ) => {
+                }
-                // Rules for Tuples:
+                for (x, y) in ty1.iter().zip(ty2.iter()) {
-                // - ty1: is_vararg && ty2: is_vararg -> ty1[0] == ty2[0]
+                    if self.unify_impl(*x, *y, false).is_err() {
-                // - ty1: is_vararg && ty2: !is_vararg -> type error (not enough info to infer the correct number of arguments)
+                        return Err(TypeError::new(TypeErrorKind::IncompatibleTypes(a, b), None));
-                // - ty1: !is_vararg && ty2: is_vararg -> ty1[..] == ty2[0]
-                // - ty1: !is_vararg && ty2: !is_vararg -> ty1.len() == ty2.len() && ty1[i] == ty2[i]
-
-                debug_assert!(!is_vararg1 || ty1.len() == 1);
-                debug_assert!(!is_vararg2 || ty2.len() == 1);
-
-                match (*is_vararg1, *is_vararg2) {
-                    (true, true) => {
-                        if self.unify_impl(ty1[0], ty2[0], false).is_err() {
-                            return Self::incompatible_types(a, b);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    (true, false) => return Self::incompatible_types(a, b),
-
-                    (false, true) => {
-                        for y in ty2 {
-                            if self.unify_impl(ty1[0], *y, false).is_err() {
-                                return Self::incompatible_types(a, b);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    (false, false) => {
-                        if ty1.len() != ty2.len() {
-                            return Self::incompatible_types(a, b);
-                        }
-
-                        for (x, y) in ty1.iter().zip(ty2.iter()) {
-                            if self.unify_impl(*x, *y, false).is_err() {
-                                return Self::incompatible_types(a, b);
-                            }
-                        }
                     }
                 }
-
                 self.set_a_to_b(a, b);
             }
             (TVar { fields: Some(map), range, .. }, TObj { obj_id, fields, params }) => {
@@ -1376,22 +1307,10 @@ impl Unifier {
             TypeEnum::TLiteral { values, .. } => {
                 format!("const({})", values.iter().map(|v| format!("{v:?}")).join(", "))
             }
-            TypeEnum::TTuple { ty, is_vararg_ctx } => {
+            TypeEnum::TTuple { ty } => {
-                if *is_vararg_ctx {
+                let mut fields =
-                    debug_assert_eq!(ty.len(), 1);
+                    ty.iter().map(|v| self.internal_stringify(*v, obj_to_name, var_to_name, notes));
-                    let field = self.internal_stringify(
+                format!("tuple[{}]", fields.join(", "))
-                        *ty.iter().next().unwrap(),
-                        obj_to_name,
-                        var_to_name,
-                        notes,
-                    );
-                    format!("tuple[*{field}]")
-                } else {
-                    let mut fields = ty
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|v| self.internal_stringify(*v, obj_to_name, var_to_name, notes));
-                    format!("tuple[{}]", fields.join(", "))
-                }
             }
             TypeEnum::TVirtual { ty } => {
                 format!(
@@ -1416,21 +1335,17 @@ impl Unifier {
                     .args
                     .iter()
                     .map(|arg| {
-                        let vararg_prefix = if arg.is_vararg { "*" } else { "" };
-
                         if let Some(dv) = &arg.default_value {
                             format!(
-                                "{}:{}{}={}",
+                                "{}:{}={}",
                                 arg.name,
-                                vararg_prefix,
                                 self.internal_stringify(arg.ty, obj_to_name, var_to_name, notes),
                                 dv
                             )
                         } else {
                             format!(
-                                "{}:{}{}",
+                                "{}:{}",
                                 arg.name,
-                                vararg_prefix,
                                 self.internal_stringify(arg.ty, obj_to_name, var_to_name, notes)
                             )
                         }
@@ -1516,7 +1431,7 @@ impl Unifier {
         match &*ty {
             TypeEnum::TRigidVar { .. } | TypeEnum::TLiteral { .. } => None,
             TypeEnum::TVar { id, .. } => mapping.get(id).copied(),
-            TypeEnum::TTuple { ty, is_vararg_ctx } => {
+            TypeEnum::TTuple { ty } => {
                 let mut new_ty = Cow::from(ty);
                 for (i, t) in ty.iter().enumerate() {
                     if let Some(t1) = self.subst_impl(*t, mapping, cache) {
@@ -1524,10 +1439,7 @@ impl Unifier {
                     }
                 }
                 if matches!(new_ty, Cow::Owned(_)) {
-                    Some(self.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple {
+                    Some(self.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: new_ty.into_owned() }))
-                        ty: new_ty.into_owned(),
-                        is_vararg_ctx: *is_vararg_ctx,
-                    }))
                 } else {
                     None
                 }
@@ -1687,37 +1599,16 @@ impl Unifier {
                 }
             }
             (TVar { range, .. }, _) => self.check_var_compatibility(b, range).or(Err(())),
-            (
+            (TTuple { ty: ty1 }, TTuple { ty: ty2 }) if ty1.len() == ty2.len() => {
-                TTuple { ty: ty1, is_vararg_ctx: is_vararg1 },
+                let ty: Vec<_> = zip(ty1.iter(), ty2.iter())
-                TTuple { ty: ty2, is_vararg_ctx: is_vararg2 },
+                    .map(|(a, b)| self.get_intersection(*a, *b))
-            ) => {
+                    .try_collect()?;
-                if *is_vararg1 && *is_vararg2 {
+                if ty.iter().any(Option::is_some) {
-                    let isect_ty = self.get_intersection(ty1[0], ty2[0])?;
+                    Ok(Some(self.add_ty(TTuple {
-                    Ok(isect_ty.map(|ty| self.add_ty(TTuple { ty: vec![ty], is_vararg_ctx: true })))
+                        ty: zip(ty, ty1.iter()).map(|(a, b)| a.unwrap_or(*b)).collect(),
+                    })))
                 } else {
-                    let zip_iter: Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (&Type, &Type)>> =
+                    Ok(None)
-                        match (*is_vararg1, *is_vararg2) {
-                            (true, _) => Box::new(repeat_n(&ty1[0], ty2.len()).zip(ty2.iter())),
-                            (_, false) => Box::new(ty1.iter().zip(repeat_n(&ty2[0], ty1.len()))),
-                            _ => {
-                                if ty1.len() != ty2.len() {
-                                    return Err(());
-                                }
-
-                                Box::new(ty1.iter().zip(ty2.iter()))
-                            }
-                        };
-
-                    let ty: Vec<_> =
-                        zip_iter.map(|(a, b)| self.get_intersection(*a, *b)).try_collect()?;
-                    Ok(if ty.iter().any(Option::is_some) {
-                        Some(self.add_ty(TTuple {
-                            ty: zip(ty, ty1.iter()).map(|(a, b)| a.unwrap_or(*b)).collect(),
-                            is_vararg_ctx: false,
-                        }))
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    })
                 }
             }
             // TODO(Derppening): #444

nac3core/src/typecheck/typedef/test.rs

@@ -28,10 +28,7 @@ impl Unifier {
                 TypeEnum::TVar { fields: Some(map1), .. },
                 TypeEnum::TVar { fields: Some(map2), .. },
             ) => self.map_eq2(map1, map2),
-            (
+            (TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: ty1 }, TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: ty2 }) => {
-                TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: ty1, is_vararg_ctx: false },
-                TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: ty2, is_vararg_ctx: false },
-            ) => {
                 ty1.len() == ty2.len()
                     && ty1.iter().zip(ty2.iter()).all(|(t1, t2)| self.eq(*t1, *t2))
             }
@@ -181,7 +178,7 @@ impl TestEnvironment {
                     ty.push(result.0);
                     s = result.1;
                 }
-                (self.unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty, is_vararg_ctx: false }), &s[1..])
+                (self.unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty }), &s[1..])
             }
             "Record" => {
                 let mut s = &typ[end..];
@@ -611,7 +608,7 @@ fn test_instantiation() {
     let v1 = env.unifier.get_fresh_var_with_range(&[list_v, int], None, None).ty;
     let v2 = env.unifier.get_fresh_var_with_range(&[list_int, float], None, None).ty;
     let t = env.unifier.get_dummy_var().ty;
-    let tuple = env.unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: vec![v, v1, v2], is_vararg_ctx: false });
+    let tuple = env.unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TTuple { ty: vec![v, v1, v2] });
     let v3 = env.unifier.get_fresh_var_with_range(&[tuple, t], None, None).ty;
     // t = TypeVar('t')
     // v = TypeVar('v', int, bool)

nac3core/src/util.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+/// A helper enum used by [`BuiltinBuilder`]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SizeVariant {
+    Bits32,
+    Bits64,
+}

nac3ld/src/dwarf.rs

@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ impl<'a> EH_Frame<'a> {
 /// From the [specification](https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_5.0.0/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/ehframechpt.html):
 ///
 /// > Each CFI record contains a Common Information Entry (CIE) record followed by 1 or more Frame
-/// > Description Entry (FDE) records.
+/// Description Entry (FDE) records.
 pub struct CFI_Record<'a> {
     // It refers to the augmentation data that corresponds to 'R' in the augmentation string
     fde_pointer_encoding: u8,

nac3parser/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ license = "MIT"
 edition = "2021"
 
 [build-dependencies]
-lalrpop = "0.21"
+lalrpop = "0.20"
 
 [dependencies]
 nac3ast = { path = "../nac3ast" }
-lalrpop-util = "0.21"
+lalrpop-util = "0.20"
 log = "0.4"
 unic-emoji-char = "0.9"
 unic-ucd-ident  = "0.9"

nac3standalone/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,13 +4,16 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 authors = ["M-Labs"]
 edition = "2021"
 
-[features]
-no-escape-analysis = ["nac3core/no-escape-analysis"]
-
 [dependencies]
 parking_lot = "0.12"
+nac3parser = { path = "../nac3parser" }
 nac3core = { path = "../nac3core" }
 
 [dependencies.clap]
 version = "4.5"
 features = ["derive"]
+
+[dependencies.inkwell]
+version = "0.4"
+default-features = false
+features = ["llvm14-0", "target-x86", "target-arm", "target-riscv", "no-libffi-linking"]

nac3standalone/demo/check_demo.sh

@@ -3,66 +3,23 @@
 set -e
 
 if [ -z "$1" ]; then
-    echo "No argument supplied"
+  echo "Requires at least one argument"
-    exit 1
+  exit 1
 fi
 
 declare -a nac3args
-while [ $# -gt 1 ]; do
-  case "$1" in
-    --help)
-      echo "Usage: check_demo.sh [--debug] [-i686] -- [NAC3ARGS...] demo"
-      exit
-      ;;
-    --debug)
-      debug=1
-      ;;
-    -i686)
-      i686=1
-      ;;
-    --)
-      shift
-      break
-      ;;
-    *)
-      echo "Unrecognized argument \"$1\""
-      exit 1
-      ;;
-  esac
-  shift
-done
-
 while [ $# -gt 1 ]; do
   nac3args+=("$1")
   shift
 done
 demo="$1"
 
-
+echo -n "Checking $demo... "
-echo "### Checking $demo..."
-
-echo ">>>>>> Running $demo with the Python interpreter"
 ./interpret_demo.py "$demo" > interpreted.log
+./run_demo.sh --out run.log "${nac3args[@]}" "$demo"
+./run_demo.sh --lli --out run_lli.log "${nac3args[@]}" "$demo"
+diff -Nau interpreted.log run.log
+diff -Nau interpreted.log run_lli.log
+echo "ok"
 
-if [ -n "$i686" ]; then
+rm -f interpreted.log run.log run_lli.log
-  echo "...... Trying NAC3's 32-bit code generator output"
-  if [ -n "$debug" ]; then
-    ./run_demo.sh --debug -i686 --out run_32.log -- "${nac3args[@]}" "$demo"
-  else
-    ./run_demo.sh -i686 --out run_32.log -- "${nac3args[@]}" "$demo"
-  fi
-  diff -Nau interpreted.log run_32.log
-fi
-
-echo "...... Trying NAC3's 64-bit code generator output"
-if [ -n "$debug" ]; then
-  ./run_demo.sh --debug --out run_64.log -- "${nac3args[@]}" "$demo"
-else
-  ./run_demo.sh --out run_64.log -- "${nac3args[@]}" "$demo"
-fi
-diff -Nau interpreted.log run_64.log
-
-echo "...... OK"
-
-rm -f interpreted.log \
-  run_32.log run_64.log

nac3standalone/demo/check_demos.sh

@@ -2,11 +2,6 @@
 
 set -e
 
-if [ "$1" == "--help" ]; then
-    echo "Usage: check_demos.sh [CHECKARGS...] [--] [NAC3ARGS...]"
-    exit
-fi
-
 count=0
 for demo in src/*.py; do
   ./check_demo.sh "$@" "$demo"

nac3standalone/demo/demo.c

@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+#define usize size_t
+
 double dbl_nan(void) {
-    return NAN;
+  return NAN;
 }
 
 double dbl_inf(void) {
-    return INFINITY;
+  return INFINITY;
 }
 
 void output_bool(bool x) {
@@ -19,19 +21,19 @@ void output_bool(bool x) {
 }
 
 void output_int32(int32_t x) {
-    printf("%" PRId32 "\n", x);
+    printf("%"PRId32"\n", x);
 }
 
 void output_int64(int64_t x) {
-    printf("%" PRId64 "\n", x);
+    printf("%"PRId64"\n", x);
 }
 
 void output_uint32(uint32_t x) {
-    printf("%" PRIu32 "\n", x);
+    printf("%"PRIu32"\n", x);
 }
 
 void output_uint64(uint64_t x) {
-    printf("%" PRIu64 "\n", x);
+    printf("%"PRIu64"\n", x);
 }
 
 void output_float64(double x) {
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ void output_range(int32_t range[3]) {
 }
 
 void output_asciiart(int32_t x) {
-    static const char* chars = " .,-:;i+hHM$*#@    ";
+    static const char *chars = " .,-:;i+hHM$*#@    ";
     if (x < 0) {
         putchar('\n');
     } else {
@@ -61,15 +63,15 @@ void output_asciiart(int32_t x) {
 }
 
 struct cslice {
-    void* data;
+    void *data;
-    size_t len;
+    usize len;
 };
 
-void output_int32_list(struct cslice* slice) {
+void output_int32_list(struct cslice *slice) {
-    const int32_t* data = (int32_t*)slice->data;
+    const int32_t *data = (int32_t *) slice->data;
 
     putchar('[');
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < slice->len; ++i) {
+    for (usize i = 0; i < slice->len; ++i) {
         if (i == slice->len - 1) {
             printf("%d", data[i]);
         } else {
@@ -80,23 +82,23 @@ void output_int32_list(struct cslice* slice) {
     putchar('\n');
 }
 
-void output_str(struct cslice* slice) {
+void output_str(struct cslice *slice) {
-    const char* data = (const char*)slice->data;
+    const char *data = (const char *) slice->data;
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < slice->len; ++i) {
+    for (usize i = 0; i < slice->len; ++i) {
         putchar(data[i]);
     }
 }
 
-void output_strln(struct cslice* slice) {
+void output_strln(struct cslice *slice) {
     output_str(slice);
     putchar('\n');
 }
 
-uint64_t dbg_stack_address(__attribute__((unused)) struct cslice* slice) {
+uint64_t dbg_stack_address(__attribute__((unused)) struct cslice *slice) {
     int i;
-    void* ptr = (void*)&i;
+    void *ptr = (void *) &i;
-    return (uintptr_t)ptr;
+    return (uintptr_t) ptr;
 }
 
 uint32_t __nac3_personality(uint32_t state, uint32_t exception_object, uint32_t context) {
@@ -105,26 +107,8 @@ uint32_t __nac3_personality(uint32_t state, uint32_t exception_object, uint32_t
     __builtin_unreachable();
 }
 
-// See `struct Exception<'a>` in
+uint32_t __nac3_raise(uint32_t state, uint32_t exception_object, uint32_t context) {
-// https://github.com/m-labs/artiq/blob/master/artiq/firmware/libeh/eh_artiq.rs
+    printf("__nac3_raise(state: %u, exception_object: %u, context: %u)\n", state, exception_object, context);
-struct Exception {
-    uint32_t id;
-    struct cslice file;
-    uint32_t line;
-    uint32_t column;
-    struct cslice function;
-    struct cslice message;
-    int64_t param[3];
-};
-
-uint32_t __nac3_raise(struct Exception* e) {
-    printf("__nac3_raise called. Exception details:\n");
-    printf("          ID: %" PRIu32 "\n", e->id);
-    printf("    Location: %*s:%" PRIu32 ":%" PRIu32 "\n", (int)e->file.len, (const char*)e->file.data, e->line,
-           e->column);
-    printf("    Function: %*s\n", (int)e->function.len, (const char*)e->function.data);
-    printf("     Message: \"%*s\"\n", (int)e->message.len, (const char*)e->message.data);
-    printf("      Params: {0}=%" PRId64 ", {1}=%" PRId64 ", {2}=%" PRId64 "\n", e->param[0], e->param[1], e->param[2]);
     exit(101);
     __builtin_unreachable();
 }

nac3standalone/demo/interpret_demo.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import importlib.machinery
 import math
 import numpy as np
 import numpy.typing as npt
-import scipy as sp
 import pathlib
 
 from numpy import int32, int64, uint32, uint64
@@ -168,7 +167,7 @@ def patch(module):
     module.ceil64 = _ceil
     module.np_ceil = np.ceil
 
-    # NumPy NDArray factory functions
+    # NumPy ndarray functions
     module.ndarray = NDArray
     module.np_ndarray = np.ndarray
     module.np_empty = np.empty
@@ -218,10 +217,8 @@ def patch(module):
     module.np_ldexp = np.ldexp
     module.np_hypot = np.hypot
     module.np_nextafter = np.nextafter
-    module.np_transpose = np.transpose
-    module.np_reshape = np.reshape
 
-    # SciPy Math functions
+    # SciPy Math Functions
     module.sp_spec_erf = special.erf
     module.sp_spec_erfc = special.erfc
     module.sp_spec_gamma = special.gamma
@@ -229,19 +226,14 @@ def patch(module):
     module.sp_spec_j0 = special.j0
     module.sp_spec_j1 = special.j1
 
-    # Linalg functions
+    # NumPy NDArray Functions
-    module.np_dot = np.dot
+    module.np_ndarray = np.ndarray
-    module.np_linalg_cholesky = np.linalg.cholesky
+    module.np_empty = np.empty
-    module.np_linalg_qr = np.linalg.qr
+    module.np_zeros = np.zeros
-    module.np_linalg_svd = np.linalg.svd
+    module.np_ones = np.ones
-    module.np_linalg_inv = np.linalg.inv
+    module.np_full = np.full
-    module.np_linalg_pinv = np.linalg.pinv
+    module.np_eye = np.eye
-    module.np_linalg_matrix_power = np.linalg.matrix_power
+    module.np_identity = np.identity
-    module.np_linalg_det = np.linalg.det
-    
-    module.sp_linalg_lu = lambda x: sp.linalg.lu(x, True)
-    module.sp_linalg_schur = sp.linalg.schur
-    module.sp_linalg_hessenberg = lambda x: sp.linalg.hessenberg(x, True)
 
 def file_import(filename, prefix="file_import_"):
     filename = pathlib.Path(filename)

nac3standalone/demo/linalg/Cargo.lock

@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
-# It is not intended for manual editing.
-version = 3
-
-[[package]]
-name = "approx"
-version = "0.5.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cab112f0a86d568ea0e627cc1d6be74a1e9cd55214684db5561995f6dad897c6"
-dependencies = [
- "num-traits",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "autocfg"
-version = "1.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0c4b4d0bd25bd0b74681c0ad21497610ce1b7c91b1022cd21c80c6fbdd9476b0"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "cslice"
-version = "0.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0f8cb7306107e4b10e64994de6d3274bd08996a7c1322a27b86482392f96be0a"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "libm"
-version = "0.2.8"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4ec2a862134d2a7d32d7983ddcdd1c4923530833c9f2ea1a44fc5fa473989058"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "linalg"
-version = "0.1.0"
-dependencies = [
- "cslice",
- "nalgebra",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "nalgebra"
-version = "0.32.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7b5c17de023a86f59ed79891b2e5d5a94c705dbe904a5b5c9c952ea6221b03e4"
-dependencies = [
- "approx",
- "num-complex",
- "num-rational",
- "num-traits",
- "simba",
- "typenum",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "num-complex"
-version = "0.4.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "73f88a1307638156682bada9d7604135552957b7818057dcef22705b4d509495"
-dependencies = [
- "num-traits",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "num-integer"
-version = "0.1.46"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7969661fd2958a5cb096e56c8e1ad0444ac2bbcd0061bd28660485a44879858f"
-dependencies = [
- "num-traits",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "num-rational"
-version = "0.4.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f83d14da390562dca69fc84082e73e548e1ad308d24accdedd2720017cb37824"
-dependencies = [
- "num-integer",
- "num-traits",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "num-traits"
-version = "0.2.19"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "071dfc062690e90b734c0b2273ce72ad0ffa95f0c74596bc250dcfd960262841"
-dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
- "libm",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "paste"
-version = "1.0.15"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "57c0d7b74b563b49d38dae00a0c37d4d6de9b432382b2892f0574ddcae73fd0a"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "simba"
-version = "0.8.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "061507c94fc6ab4ba1c9a0305018408e312e17c041eb63bef8aa726fa33aceae"
-dependencies = [
- "approx",
- "num-complex",
- "num-traits",
- "paste",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "typenum"
-version = "1.17.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "42ff0bf0c66b8238c6f3b578df37d0b7848e55df8577b3f74f92a69acceeb825"

nac3standalone/demo/linalg/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "linalg"
-version = "0.1.0"
-edition = "2021"
-
-[lib]
-crate-type = ["staticlib"]
-
-[dependencies]
-nalgebra = {version = "0.32.6", default-features = false, features = ["libm", "alloc"]}
-cslice = "0.3.0"
-
-[workspace]

nac3standalone/demo/linalg/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,406 +0,0 @@
-// Uses `nalgebra` crate to invoke `np_linalg` and `sp_linalg` functions
-// When converting between `nalgebra::Matrix` and `NDArray` following considerations are necessary
-//
-// * Both `nalgebra::Matrix` and `NDArray` require their content to be stored in row-major order
-// * `NDArray` data pointer can be directly read and converted to `nalgebra::Matrix` (row and column number must be known)
-// * `nalgebra::Matrix::as_slice` returns the content of matrix in column-major order and initial data needs to be transposed before storing it in `NDArray` data pointer
-
-use core::slice;
-use nalgebra::DMatrix;
-
-fn report_error(
-    error_name: &str,
-    fn_name: &str,
-    file_name: &str,
-    line_num: u32,
-    col_num: u32,
-    err_msg: &str,
-) -> ! {
-    panic!(
-        "Exception {} from {} in {}:{}:{}, message: {}",
-        error_name, fn_name, file_name, line_num, col_num, err_msg
-    );
-}
-
-pub struct InputMatrix {
-    pub ndims: usize,
-    pub dims: *const usize,
-    pub data: *mut f64,
-}
-impl InputMatrix {
-    fn get_dims(&mut self) -> Vec<usize> {
-        let dims = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(self.dims, self.ndims) };
-        dims.to_vec()
-    }
-}
-
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// `mat1` should point to a valid 2DArray of `f64` floats in row-major order
-#[no_mangle]
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn np_linalg_cholesky(mat1: *mut InputMatrix, out: *mut InputMatrix) {
-    let mat1 = mat1.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let out = out.as_mut().unwrap();
-
-    if mat1.ndims != 2 {
-        let err_msg = format!("expected 2D Vector Input, but received {}D input", mat1.ndims);
-        report_error("ValueError", "np_linalg_cholesky", file!(), line!(), column!(), &err_msg);
-    }
-
-    let dim1 = (*mat1).get_dims();
-    if dim1[0] != dim1[1] {
-        let err_msg =
-            format!("last 2 dimensions of the array must be square: {0} != {1}", dim1[0], dim1[1]);
-        report_error("LinAlgError", "np_linalg_cholesky", file!(), line!(), column!(), &err_msg);
-    }
-
-    let outdim = out.get_dims();
-    let out_slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out.data, outdim[0] * outdim[1]) };
-    let data_slice1 = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(mat1.data, dim1[0] * dim1[1]) };
-
-    let matrix1 = DMatrix::from_row_slice(dim1[0], dim1[1], data_slice1);
-    let result = matrix1.cholesky();
-    match result {
-        Some(res) => {
-            out_slice.copy_from_slice(res.unpack().transpose().as_slice());
-        }
-        None => {
-            report_error(
-                "LinAlgError",
-                "np_linalg_cholesky",
-                file!(),
-                line!(),
-                column!(),
-                "Matrix is not positive definite",
-            );
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// `mat1` should point to a valid 2DArray of `f64` floats in row-major order
-#[no_mangle]
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn np_linalg_qr(
-    mat1: *mut InputMatrix,
-    out_q: *mut InputMatrix,
-    out_r: *mut InputMatrix,
-) {
-    let mat1 = mat1.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let out_q = out_q.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let out_r = out_r.as_mut().unwrap();
-
-    if mat1.ndims != 2 {
-        let err_msg = format!("expected 2D Vector Input, but received {}D input", mat1.ndims);
-        report_error("ValueError", "np_linalg_cholesky", file!(), line!(), column!(), &err_msg);
-    }
-
-    let dim1 = (*mat1).get_dims();
-    let outq_dim = (*out_q).get_dims();
-    let outr_dim = (*out_r).get_dims();
-
-    let data_slice1 = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(mat1.data, dim1[0] * dim1[1]) };
-    let out_q_slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out_q.data, outq_dim[0] * outq_dim[1]) };
-    let out_r_slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out_r.data, outr_dim[0] * outr_dim[1]) };
-
-    // Refer to https://github.com/dimforge/nalgebra/issues/735
-    let matrix1 = DMatrix::from_row_slice(dim1[0], dim1[1], data_slice1);
-
-    let res = matrix1.qr();
-    let (q, r) = res.unpack();
-
-    // Uses different algo need to match numpy
-    out_q_slice.copy_from_slice(q.transpose().as_slice());
-    out_r_slice.copy_from_slice(r.transpose().as_slice());
-}
-
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// `mat1` should point to a valid 2DArray of `f64` floats in row-major order
-#[no_mangle]
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn np_linalg_svd(
-    mat1: *mut InputMatrix,
-    outu: *mut InputMatrix,
-    outs: *mut InputMatrix,
-    outvh: *mut InputMatrix,
-) {
-    let mat1 = mat1.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let outu = outu.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let outs = outs.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let outvh = outvh.as_mut().unwrap();
-
-    if mat1.ndims != 2 {
-        let err_msg = format!("expected 2D Vector Input, but received {}D input", mat1.ndims);
-        report_error("ValueError", "np_linalg_svd", file!(), line!(), column!(), &err_msg);
-    }
-
-    let dim1 = (*mat1).get_dims();
-    let outu_dim = (*outu).get_dims();
-    let outs_dim = (*outs).get_dims();
-    let outvh_dim = (*outvh).get_dims();
-
-    let data_slice1 = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(mat1.data, dim1[0] * dim1[1]) };
-    let out_u_slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(outu.data, outu_dim[0] * outu_dim[1]) };
-    let out_s_slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(outs.data, outs_dim[0]) };
-    let out_vh_slice =
-        unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(outvh.data, outvh_dim[0] * outvh_dim[1]) };
-
-    let matrix = DMatrix::from_row_slice(dim1[0], dim1[1], data_slice1);
-    let result = matrix.svd(true, true);
-    out_u_slice.copy_from_slice(result.u.unwrap().transpose().as_slice());
-    out_s_slice.copy_from_slice(result.singular_values.as_slice());
-    out_vh_slice.copy_from_slice(result.v_t.unwrap().transpose().as_slice());
-}
-
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// `mat1` should point to a valid 2DArray of `f64` floats in row-major order
-#[no_mangle]
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn np_linalg_inv(mat1: *mut InputMatrix, out: *mut InputMatrix) {
-    let mat1 = mat1.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let out = out.as_mut().unwrap();
-
-    if mat1.ndims != 2 {
-        let err_msg = format!("expected 2D Vector Input, but received {}D input", mat1.ndims);
-        report_error("ValueError", "np_linalg_inv", file!(), line!(), column!(), &err_msg);
-    }
-    let dim1 = (*mat1).get_dims();
-
-    if dim1[0] != dim1[1] {
-        let err_msg =
-            format!("last 2 dimensions of the array must be square: {0} != {1}", dim1[0], dim1[1]);
-        report_error("LinAlgError", "np_linalg_inv", file!(), line!(), column!(), &err_msg);
-    }
-
-    let outdim = out.get_dims();
-    let out_slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out.data, outdim[0] * outdim[1]) };
-    let data_slice1 = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(mat1.data, dim1[0] * dim1[1]) };
-
-    let matrix = DMatrix::from_row_slice(dim1[0], dim1[1], data_slice1);
-    if !matrix.is_invertible() {
-        report_error(
-            "LinAlgError",
-            "np_linalg_inv",
-            file!(),
-            line!(),
-            column!(),
-            "no inverse for Singular Matrix",
-        );
-    }
-    let inv = matrix.try_inverse().unwrap();
-    out_slice.copy_from_slice(inv.transpose().as_slice());
-}
-
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// `mat1` should point to a valid 2DArray of `f64` floats in row-major order
-#[no_mangle]
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn np_linalg_pinv(mat1: *mut InputMatrix, out: *mut InputMatrix) {
-    let mat1 = mat1.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let out = out.as_mut().unwrap();
-
-    if mat1.ndims != 2 {
-        let err_msg = format!("expected 2D Vector Input, but received {}D input", mat1.ndims);
-        report_error("ValueError", "np_linalg_pinv", file!(), line!(), column!(), &err_msg);
-    }
-    let dim1 = (*mat1).get_dims();
-    let outdim = out.get_dims();
-    let out_slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out.data, outdim[0] * outdim[1]) };
-    let data_slice1 = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(mat1.data, dim1[0] * dim1[1]) };
-
-    let matrix = DMatrix::from_row_slice(dim1[0], dim1[1], data_slice1);
-    let svd = matrix.svd(true, true);
-    let inv = svd.pseudo_inverse(1e-15);
-
-    match inv {
-        Ok(m) => {
-            out_slice.copy_from_slice(m.transpose().as_slice());
-        }
-        Err(err_msg) => {
-            report_error("LinAlgError", "np_linalg_pinv", file!(), line!(), column!(), err_msg);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// `mat1` should point to a valid 2DArray of `f64` floats in row-major order
-#[no_mangle]
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn np_linalg_matrix_power(
-    mat1: *mut InputMatrix,
-    mat2: *mut InputMatrix,
-    out: *mut InputMatrix,
-) {
-    let mat1 = mat1.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let mat2 = mat2.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let out = out.as_mut().unwrap();
-
-    if mat1.ndims != 2 {
-        let err_msg = format!("expected 2D Vector Input, but received {}D", mat1.ndims);
-        report_error("ValueError", "np_linalg_matrix_power", file!(), line!(), column!(), &err_msg);
-    }
-
-    let dim1 = (*mat1).get_dims();
-    let power = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(mat2.data, 1) };
-    let power = power[0];
-    let outdim = out.get_dims();
-    let out_slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out.data, outdim[0] * outdim[1]) };
-    let data_slice1 = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(mat1.data, dim1[0] * dim1[1]) };
-
-    let abs_pow = power.abs();
-    let matrix1 = DMatrix::from_row_slice(dim1[0], dim1[1], data_slice1);
-    let mut result = matrix1.pow(abs_pow as u32);
-
-    if power < 0.0 {
-        if !result.is_invertible() {
-            report_error(
-                "LinAlgError",
-                "np_linalg_inv",
-                file!(),
-                line!(),
-                column!(),
-                "no inverse for Singular Matrix",
-            );
-        }
-        result = result.try_inverse().unwrap();
-    }
-    out_slice.copy_from_slice(result.transpose().as_slice());
-}
-
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// `mat1` should point to a valid 2DArray of `f64` floats in row-major order
-#[no_mangle]
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn np_linalg_det(mat1: *mut InputMatrix, out: *mut InputMatrix) {
-    let mat1 = mat1.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let out = out.as_mut().unwrap();
-
-    if mat1.ndims != 2 {
-        let err_msg = format!("expected 2D Vector Input, but received {}D input", mat1.ndims);
-        report_error("ValueError", "np_linalg_det", file!(), line!(), column!(), &err_msg);
-    }
-    let dim1 = (*mat1).get_dims();
-    let out_slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out.data, 1) };
-    let data_slice1 = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(mat1.data, dim1[0] * dim1[1]) };
-
-    let matrix = DMatrix::from_row_slice(dim1[0], dim1[1], data_slice1);
-    if !matrix.is_square() {
-        let err_msg =
-            format!("last 2 dimensions of the array must be square: {0} != {1}", dim1[0], dim1[1]);
-        report_error("LinAlgError", "np_linalg_inv", file!(), line!(), column!(), &err_msg);
-    }
-    out_slice[0] = matrix.determinant();
-}
-
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// `mat1` should point to a valid 2DArray of `f64` floats in row-major order
-#[no_mangle]
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn sp_linalg_lu(
-    mat1: *mut InputMatrix,
-    out_l: *mut InputMatrix,
-    out_u: *mut InputMatrix,
-) {
-    let mat1 = mat1.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let out_l = out_l.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let out_u = out_u.as_mut().unwrap();
-
-    if mat1.ndims != 2 {
-        let err_msg = format!("expected 2D Vector Input, but received {}D input", mat1.ndims);
-        report_error("ValueError", "sp_linalg_lu", file!(), line!(), column!(), &err_msg);
-    }
-
-    let dim1 = (*mat1).get_dims();
-    let outl_dim = (*out_l).get_dims();
-    let outu_dim = (*out_u).get_dims();
-
-    let data_slice1 = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(mat1.data, dim1[0] * dim1[1]) };
-    let out_l_slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out_l.data, outl_dim[0] * outl_dim[1]) };
-    let out_u_slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out_u.data, outu_dim[0] * outu_dim[1]) };
-
-    let matrix = DMatrix::from_row_slice(dim1[0], dim1[1], data_slice1);
-    let (_, l, u) = matrix.lu().unpack();
-
-    out_l_slice.copy_from_slice(l.transpose().as_slice());
-    out_u_slice.copy_from_slice(u.transpose().as_slice());
-}
-
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// `mat1` should point to a valid 2DArray of `f64` floats in row-major order
-#[no_mangle]
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn sp_linalg_schur(
-    mat1: *mut InputMatrix,
-    out_t: *mut InputMatrix,
-    out_z: *mut InputMatrix,
-) {
-    let mat1 = mat1.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let out_t = out_t.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let out_z = out_z.as_mut().unwrap();
-
-    if mat1.ndims != 2 {
-        let err_msg = format!("expected 2D Vector Input, but received {}D input", mat1.ndims);
-        report_error("ValueError", "sp_linalg_schur", file!(), line!(), column!(), &err_msg);
-    }
-
-    let dim1 = (*mat1).get_dims();
-
-    if dim1[0] != dim1[1] {
-        let err_msg =
-            format!("last 2 dimensions of the array must be square: {0} != {1}", dim1[0], dim1[1]);
-        report_error("LinAlgError", "np_linalg_schur", file!(), line!(), column!(), &err_msg);
-    }
-
-    let out_t_dim = (*out_t).get_dims();
-    let out_z_dim = (*out_z).get_dims();
-
-    let data_slice1 = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(mat1.data, dim1[0] * dim1[1]) };
-    let out_t_slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out_t.data, out_t_dim[0] * out_t_dim[1]) };
-    let out_z_slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out_z.data, out_z_dim[0] * out_z_dim[1]) };
-
-    let matrix = DMatrix::from_row_slice(dim1[0], dim1[1], data_slice1);
-    let (z, t) = matrix.schur().unpack();
-
-    out_t_slice.copy_from_slice(t.transpose().as_slice());
-    out_z_slice.copy_from_slice(z.transpose().as_slice());
-}
-
-/// # Safety
-///
-/// `mat1` should point to a valid 2DArray of `f64` floats in row-major order
-#[no_mangle]
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn sp_linalg_hessenberg(
-    mat1: *mut InputMatrix,
-    out_h: *mut InputMatrix,
-    out_q: *mut InputMatrix,
-) {
-    let mat1 = mat1.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let out_h = out_h.as_mut().unwrap();
-    let out_q = out_q.as_mut().unwrap();
-
-    if mat1.ndims != 2 {
-        let err_msg = format!("expected 2D Vector Input, but received {}D input", mat1.ndims);
-        report_error("ValueError", "sp_linalg_hessenberg", file!(), line!(), column!(), &err_msg);
-    }
-
-    let dim1 = (*mat1).get_dims();
-
-    if dim1[0] != dim1[1] {
-        let err_msg =
-            format!("last 2 dimensions of the array must be square: {} != {}", dim1[0], dim1[1]);
-        report_error("LinAlgError", "sp_linalg_hessenberg", file!(), line!(), column!(), &err_msg);
-    }
-
-    let out_h_dim = (*out_h).get_dims();
-    let out_q_dim = (*out_q).get_dims();
-
-    let data_slice1 = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(mat1.data, dim1[0] * dim1[1]) };
-    let out_h_slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out_h.data, out_h_dim[0] * out_h_dim[1]) };
-    let out_q_slice = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(out_q.data, out_q_dim[0] * out_q_dim[1]) };
-
-    let matrix = DMatrix::from_row_slice(dim1[0], dim1[1], data_slice1);
-    let (q, h) = matrix.hessenberg().unpack();
-
-    out_h_slice.copy_from_slice(h.transpose().as_slice());
-    out_q_slice.copy_from_slice(q.transpose().as_slice());
-}

nac3standalone/demo/run_demo.sh

@@ -2,9 +2,6 @@
 
 set -e
 
-: "${DEMO_LINALG_STUB:=linalg/target/release/liblinalg.a}"
-: "${DEMO_LINALG_STUB32:=linalg/target/i686-unknown-linux-gnu/release/liblinalg.a}"
-
 if [ -z "$1" ]; then
     echo "No argument supplied"
     exit 1
@@ -14,26 +11,25 @@ declare -a nac3args
 while [ $# -ge 1 ]; do
   case "$1" in
     --help)
-      echo "Usage: run_demo.sh [--help] [--out OUTFILE] [--debug] [-i686] -- [NAC3ARGS...] demo"
+      echo "Usage: run_demo.sh [--help] [--out OUTFILE] [--lli] [--debug] -- [NAC3ARGS...]"
       exit
       ;;
     --out)
       shift
       outfile="$1"
       ;;
+    --lli)
+      use_lli=1
+      ;;
     --debug)
       debug=1
       ;;
-    -i686)
-      i686=1
-      ;;
     --)
       shift
       break
       ;;
     *)
-      echo "Unrecognized argument \"$1\""
+      break
-      exit 1
       ;;
   esac
   shift
@@ -54,19 +50,29 @@ else
 fi
 
 rm -f ./*.o ./*.bc demo
-
+if [ -z "$use_lli" ]; then
-if [ -z "$i686" ]; then
   $nac3standalone "${nac3args[@]}"
-  clang -c -std=gnu11 -Wall -Wextra -O3 -o demo.o demo.c
-  clang -o demo module.o demo.o $DEMO_LINALG_STUB -lm -Wl,--no-warn-search-mismatch
-else
-  $nac3standalone --triple i686-unknown-linux-gnu --target-features +sse2 "${nac3args[@]}"
-  clang -m32 -c -std=gnu11 -Wall -Wextra -O3 -msse2 -o demo.o demo.c
-  clang -m32 -o demo module.o demo.o $DEMO_LINALG_STUB32 -lm -Wl,--no-warn-search-mismatch
-fi
 
-if [ -z "$outfile" ]; then
+  clang -c -std=gnu11 -Wall -Wextra -O3 -o demo.o demo.c
-  ./demo
+  clang -lm -o demo module.o demo.o
+
+  if [ -z "$outfile" ]; then
+    ./demo
+  else
+    ./demo > "$outfile"
+  fi
 else
-  ./demo > "$outfile"
+  $nac3standalone --emit-llvm "${nac3args[@]}"
+
+  clang -c -std=gnu11 -Wall -Wextra -O3 -emit-llvm -o demo.bc demo.c
+
+  shopt -s nullglob
+  llvm-link -o nac3out.bc module*.bc main.bc
+  shopt -u nullglob
+
+  if [ -z "$outfile" ]; then
+    lli --extra-module demo.bc --extra-module irrt.bc nac3out.bc
+  else
+    lli --extra-module demo.bc --extra-module irrt.bc nac3out.bc > "$outfile"
+  fi
 fi

nac3standalone/demo/src/assignment.py

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-@extern
-def output_int32(x: int32):
-    ...
-
-@extern
-def output_bool(x: bool):
-    ...
-
-def example1():
-    x, *ys, z = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
-    output_int32(x)
-    output_int32(len(ys))
-    output_int32(ys[0])
-    output_int32(ys[1])
-    output_int32(ys[2])
-    output_int32(z)
-
-def example2():
-    x, y, *zs = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
-    output_int32(x)
-    output_int32(y)
-    output_int32(len(zs))
-    output_int32(zs[0])
-    output_int32(zs[1])
-    output_int32(zs[2])
-
-def example3():
-    *xs, y, z = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
-    output_int32(len(xs))
-    output_int32(xs[0])
-    output_int32(xs[1])
-    output_int32(xs[2])
-    output_int32(y)
-    output_int32(z)
-
-def example4():
-    *xs, y, z = (4, 5)
-    output_int32(len(xs))
-    output_int32(y)
-    output_int32(z)
-
-def example5():
-    # Example from: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#assignment-statements
-    x = [0, 1]
-    i = 0
-    i, x[i] = 1, 2 # i is updated, then x[i] is updated
-    output_int32(i)
-    output_int32(x[0])
-    output_int32(x[1])
-
-class A:
-    value: int32
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.value = 1000
-
-def example6():
-    ws = [88, 7, 8]
-    a = A()
-    x, [y, *ys, a.value], ws[0], (ws[0],) = 1, (2, False, 4, 5), 99, (6,)
-    output_int32(x)
-    output_int32(y)
-    output_bool(ys[0])
-    output_int32(ys[1])
-    output_int32(a.value)
-    output_int32(ws[0])
-    output_int32(ws[1])
-    output_int32(ws[2])
-
-def run() -> int32:
-    example1()
-    example2()
-    example3()
-    example4()
-    example5()
-    example6()
-    return 0

nac3standalone/demo/src/inheritance.py

@@ -10,58 +10,23 @@ class A:
     def __init__(self, a: int32):
         self.a = a
     
-    def output_all_fields(self):
+    def f1(self):
-        output_int32(self.a)
+        self.f2()
     
-    def set_a(self, a: int32):
+    def f2(self):
-        self.a = a
+        output_int32(self.a)
 
 class B(A):
     b: int32
 
     def __init__(self, b: int32):
-        A.__init__(self, b + 1)
+        self.a = b + 1
-        self.set_b(b)
-    
-    def output_parent_fields(self):
-        A.output_all_fields(self)
-
-    def output_all_fields(self):
-        A.output_all_fields(self)
-        output_int32(self.b)
-    
-    def set_b(self, b: int32):
         self.b = b
 
-class C(B):
-    c: int32
-
-    def __init__(self, c: int32):
-        B.__init__(self, c + 1)
-        self.c = c
-    
-    def output_parent_fields(self):
-        B.output_all_fields(self)
-
-    def output_all_fields(self):
-        B.output_all_fields(self)
-        output_int32(self.c)
-    
-    def set_c(self, c: int32):
-        self.c = c
 
 def run() -> int32:
-    ccc = C(10)
+    aaa = A(5)
-    ccc.output_all_fields()
+    bbb = B(2)
-    ccc.set_a(1)
+    aaa.f1()
-    ccc.set_b(2)
+    bbb.f1()
-    ccc.set_c(3)
-    ccc.output_all_fields()
-
-    bbb = B(10)
-    bbb.set_a(9)
-    bbb.set_b(8)
-    bbb.output_all_fields()
-    ccc.output_all_fields()
-
     return 0

nac3standalone/demo/src/ndarray.py

@@ -114,22 +114,12 @@ def test_ndarray_ones():
     n: ndarray[float, 1] = np_ones([1])
     output_ndarray_float_1(n)
 
-    dim = (1,)
-    n_tup: ndarray[float, 1] = np_ones(dim)
-    output_ndarray_float_1(n_tup)
-
 def test_ndarray_full():
     n_float: ndarray[float, 1] = np_full([1], 2.0)
     output_ndarray_float_1(n_float)
     n_i32: ndarray[int32, 1] = np_full([1], 2)
     output_ndarray_int32_1(n_i32)
 
-    dim = (1,)
-    n_float_tup: ndarray[float, 1] = np_full(dim, 2.0)
-    output_ndarray_float_1(n_float_tup)
-    n_i32_tup: ndarray[int32, 1] = np_full(dim, 2)
-    output_ndarray_int32_1(n_i32_tup)
-
 def test_ndarray_eye():
     n: ndarray[float, 2] = np_eye(2)
     output_ndarray_float_2(n)
@@ -1439,142 +1429,6 @@ def test_ndarray_nextafter_broadcast_rhs_scalar():
     output_ndarray_float_2(nextafter_x_zeros)
     output_ndarray_float_2(nextafter_x_ones)
 
-def test_ndarray_transpose():
-    x: ndarray[float, 2] = np_array([[1., 2., 3.], [4., 5., 6.]])
-    y = np_transpose(x)
-    z = np_transpose(y)
-
-    output_ndarray_float_2(x)
-    output_ndarray_float_2(y)
-
-def test_ndarray_reshape():
-    w: ndarray[float, 1] = np_array([1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10.])
-    x = np_reshape(w, (1, 2, 1, -1))
-    y = np_reshape(x, [2, -1])
-    z = np_reshape(y, 10)
-
-    x1: ndarray[int32, 1] = np_array([1, 2, 3, 4])
-    x2: ndarray[int32, 2] = np_reshape(x1, (2, 2))
-
-    output_ndarray_float_1(w)
-    output_ndarray_float_2(y)
-    output_ndarray_float_1(z)
-
-def test_ndarray_dot():
-    x1: ndarray[float, 1] = np_array([5.0, 1.0, 4.0, 2.0])
-    y1: ndarray[float, 1] = np_array([5.0, 1.0, 6.0, 6.0])
-    z1 = np_dot(x1, y1)
-
-    x2: ndarray[int32, 1] = np_array([5, 1, 4, 2])
-    y2: ndarray[int32, 1] = np_array([5, 1, 6, 6])
-    z2 = np_dot(x2, y2)
-
-    x3: ndarray[bool, 1] = np_array([True, True, True, True])
-    y3: ndarray[bool, 1] = np_array([True, True, True, True])
-    z3 = np_dot(x3, y3)
-
-    z4 = np_dot(2, 3)
-    z5 = np_dot(2., 3.)
-    z6 = np_dot(True, False)
-
-    output_float64(z1)
-    output_int32(z2)
-    output_bool(z3)
-    output_int32(z4)
-    output_float64(z5)
-    output_bool(z6)
-
-def test_ndarray_cholesky():
-    x: ndarray[float, 2] = np_array([[5.0, 1.0], [1.0, 4.0]])
-    y = np_linalg_cholesky(x)
-
-    output_ndarray_float_2(x)
-    output_ndarray_float_2(y)
-
-def test_ndarray_qr():
-    x: ndarray[float, 2] = np_array([[-5.0, -1.0, 2.0], [-1.0, 4.0, 7.5], [-1.0, 8.0, -8.5]])
-    y, z  = np_linalg_qr(x)
-
-    output_ndarray_float_2(x)
-
-    # QR Factorization is not unique and gives different results in numpy and nalgebra
-    # Reverting the decomposition to compare the initial arrays
-    a = y @ z
-    output_ndarray_float_2(a)
-
-def test_ndarray_linalg_inv():
-    x: ndarray[float, 2] = np_array([[-5.0, -1.0, 2.0], [-1.0, 4.0, 7.5], [-1.0, 8.0, -8.5]])
-    y = np_linalg_inv(x)
-
-    output_ndarray_float_2(x)
-    output_ndarray_float_2(y)
-
-def test_ndarray_pinv():
-    x: ndarray[float, 2] = np_array([[-5.0, -1.0, 2.0], [-1.0, 4.0, 7.5]])
-    y = np_linalg_pinv(x)
-
-    output_ndarray_float_2(x)
-    output_ndarray_float_2(y)
-
-def test_ndarray_matrix_power():
-    x: ndarray[float, 2] = np_array([[-5.0, -1.0, 2.0], [-1.0, 4.0, 7.5], [-1.0, 8.0, -8.5]])
-    y = np_linalg_matrix_power(x, -9)
-
-    output_ndarray_float_2(x)
-    output_ndarray_float_2(y)
-
-def test_ndarray_det():
-    x: ndarray[float, 2] = np_array([[-5.0, -1.0, 2.0], [-1.0, 4.0, 7.5], [-1.0, 8.0, -8.5]])
-    y = np_linalg_det(x)
-
-    output_ndarray_float_2(x)
-    output_float64(y)
-
-def test_ndarray_schur():
-    x: ndarray[float, 2] = np_array([[-5.0, -1.0, 2.0], [-1.0, 4.0, 7.5], [-1.0, 8.0, -8.5]])
-    t, z = sp_linalg_schur(x)
-
-    output_ndarray_float_2(x)
-
-    # Schur Factorization is not unique and gives different results in scipy and nalgebra
-    # Reverting the decomposition to compare the initial arrays
-    a = (z @ t) @ np_linalg_inv(z)
-    output_ndarray_float_2(a)
-
-def test_ndarray_hessenberg():
-    x: ndarray[float, 2] = np_array([[-5.0, -1.0, 2.0], [-1.0, 4.0, 7.5], [-1.0, 5.0, 8.5]])
-    h, q = sp_linalg_hessenberg(x)
-
-    output_ndarray_float_2(x)
-
-    # Hessenberg Factorization is not unique and gives different results in scipy and nalgebra
-    # Reverting the decomposition to compare the initial arrays
-    a = (q @ h) @ np_linalg_inv(q)
-    output_ndarray_float_2(a)
-
-
-def test_ndarray_lu():
-    x: ndarray[float, 2] = np_array([[-5.0, -1.0, 2.0], [-1.0, 4.0, 7.5]])
-    l, u = sp_linalg_lu(x)
-
-    output_ndarray_float_2(x)
-    output_ndarray_float_2(l)
-    output_ndarray_float_2(u)
-
-
-def test_ndarray_svd():
-    w: ndarray[float, 2] = np_array([[-5.0, -1.0, 2.0], [-1.0, 4.0, 7.5], [-1.0, 8.0, -8.5]])
-    x, y, z = np_linalg_svd(w)
-
-    output_ndarray_float_2(w)
-
-    # SVD Factorization is not unique and gives different results in numpy and nalgebra
-    # Reverting the decomposition to compare the initial arrays
-    a = x @ z
-    output_ndarray_float_2(a)
-    output_ndarray_float_1(y)
-
-
 def run() -> int32:
     test_ndarray_ctor()
     test_ndarray_empty()
@@ -1679,7 +1533,6 @@ def run() -> int32:
 
     test_ndarray_round()
     test_ndarray_floor()
-    test_ndarray_ceil()
     test_ndarray_min()
     test_ndarray_minimum()
     test_ndarray_minimum_broadcast()
@@ -1754,18 +1607,5 @@ def run() -> int32:
     test_ndarray_nextafter_broadcast()
     test_ndarray_nextafter_broadcast_lhs_scalar()
     test_ndarray_nextafter_broadcast_rhs_scalar()
-    test_ndarray_transpose()
+
-    test_ndarray_reshape()
-    
-    test_ndarray_dot()
-    test_ndarray_cholesky()
-    test_ndarray_qr()
-    test_ndarray_svd()
-    test_ndarray_linalg_inv()
-    test_ndarray_pinv()
-    test_ndarray_matrix_power()
-    test_ndarray_det()
-    test_ndarray_lu()
-    test_ndarray_schur()
-    test_ndarray_hessenberg()
     return 0