nalgebra/src/linalg/symmetric_tridiagonal.rs

use alga::general::Real;
use core::{SquareMatrix, MatrixN, MatrixMN, VectorN, DefaultAllocator};
use dimension::{DimSub, DimDiff, U1};
use storage::Storage;
use allocator::Allocator;

use linalg::householder;


/// The tridiagonalization of a symmetric matrix.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct SymmetricTridiagonal<N: Real, D: DimSub<U1>>
    where DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N, D, D> +
                            Allocator<N, DimDiff<D, U1>> {
    tri:          MatrixN<N, D>,
    off_diagonal: VectorN<N, DimDiff<D, U1>>
}

impl<N: Real, D: DimSub<U1>> SymmetricTridiagonal<N, D>
    where DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N, D, D> +
                            Allocator<N, DimDiff<D, U1>>,
          MatrixN<N, D>: Copy,
          VectorN<N, DimDiff<D, U1>>: Copy { }

impl<N: Real, D: DimSub<U1>> SymmetricTridiagonal<N, D>
    where DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N, D, D> +
                            Allocator<N, DimDiff<D, U1>> {

    /// Computes the tridiagonalization of the symmetric matrix `m`.
    ///
    /// Only the lower-triangular and diagonal parts of `m` are read.
    pub fn new(mut m: MatrixN<N, D>) -> Self {
        let dim = m.data.shape().0;

        assert!(m.is_square(), "Unable to compute the symmetric tridiagonal decomposition of a non-square matrix.");
        assert!(dim.value() != 0, "Unable to compute the symmetric tridiagonal decomposition of an empty matrix.");

        let mut off_diagonal = unsafe { MatrixMN::new_uninitialized_generic(dim.sub(U1), U1) };
        let mut p            = unsafe { MatrixMN::new_uninitialized_generic(dim.sub(U1), U1) };

        for i in 0 .. dim.value() - 1 {
            let mut m = m.rows_range_mut(i + 1 ..);
            let (mut axis, mut m) = m.columns_range_pair_mut(i, i + 1 ..);

            let (norm, not_zero) = householder::reflection_axis_mut(&mut axis);
            off_diagonal[i] = norm;

            if not_zero {
                let mut p = p.rows_range_mut(i ..);
 
                p.gemv_symm(::convert(2.0), &m, &axis, N::zero());
                let dot = axis.dot(&p);
                p.axpy(-dot, &axis, N::one());
                m.ger_symm(-N::one(), &p, &axis, N::one());
                m.ger_symm(-N::one(), &axis, &p, N::one());
            }
        }

        SymmetricTridiagonal {
            tri:          m,
            off_diagonal: off_diagonal
        }
    }

    #[doc(hidden)]
    // For debugging.
    pub fn internal_tri(&self) -> &MatrixN<N, D> {
        &self.tri
    }

    /// Retrieve the orthogonal transformation, diagonal, and off diagonal elements of this
    /// decomposition.
    pub fn unpack(self) -> (MatrixN<N, D>, VectorN<N, D>, VectorN<N, DimDiff<D, U1>>)
        where DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N, D> {
        let diag = self.diagonal();
        let q    = self.q();

        (q, diag, self.off_diagonal)
    }

    /// Retrieve the diagonal, and off diagonal elements of this decomposition.
    pub fn unpack_tridiagonal(self) -> (VectorN<N, D>, VectorN<N, DimDiff<D, U1>>)
        where DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N, D> {
        let diag = self.diagonal();

        (diag, self.off_diagonal)
    }

    /// The diagonal components of this decomposition.
    pub fn diagonal(&self) -> VectorN<N, D>
        where DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N, D> {
        self.tri.diagonal()
    }

    /// The off-diagonal components of this decomposition.
    pub fn off_diagonal(&self) -> &VectorN<N, DimDiff<D, U1>>
        where DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N, D> {
        &self.off_diagonal
    }

    /// Computes the orthogonal matrix `Q` of this decomposition.
    pub fn q(&self) -> MatrixN<N, D> {
        householder::assemble_q(&self.tri)
    }

    /// Recomputes the original symmetric matrix.
    pub fn recompose(mut self) -> MatrixN<N, D> {
        let q = self.q();
        self.tri.fill_lower_triangle(N::zero(), 2);
        self.tri.fill_upper_triangle(N::zero(), 2);

        for i in 0 .. self.off_diagonal.len() {
            self.tri[(i + 1, i)] = self.off_diagonal[i];
            self.tri[(i, i + 1)] = self.off_diagonal[i];
        }

        &q * self.tri * q.transpose()
    }
}

impl<N: Real, D: DimSub<U1>, S: Storage<N, D, D>> SquareMatrix<N, D, S>
    where DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N, D, D> +
                            Allocator<N, DimDiff<D, U1>> {

    /// Computes the tridiagonalization of this symmetric matrix.
    ///
    /// Only the lower-triangular and diagonal parts of `self` are read.
    pub fn symmetric_tridiagonalize(self) -> SymmetricTridiagonal<N, D> {
        SymmetricTridiagonal::new(self.into_owned())
    }
}