1149 lines
47 KiB
TeX
1149 lines
47 KiB
TeX
\documentclass[10pt]{datasheet}
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\usepackage{palatino}
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\usepackage{textgreek}
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\usepackage{minted}
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\usepackage{tcolorbox}
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\usepackage{etoolbox}
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\usepackage[justification=centering]{caption}
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage[english]{babel}
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\usepackage[english]{isodate}
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\usepackage{graphicx}
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\usepackage{subfigure}
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\usepackage{tikz}
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\usepackage{pgfplots}
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\usepackage{circuitikz}
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\usepackage{pifont}
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\usetikzlibrary{calc}
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\usetikzlibrary{fit,backgrounds}
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\title{4410/4412 DDS Urukul}
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\author{M-Labs Limited}
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\date{January 2022}
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\revision{Revision 2}
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\companylogo{\includegraphics[height=0.73in]{artiq_sinara.pdf}}
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\begin{document}
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\maketitle
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\section{Features}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item{4-channel 1GS/s DDS.}
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\item{Output frequency ranges from \textless 1 to \textgreater 400 MHz.}
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\item{Sub-Hz frequency resolution.}
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\item{Controlled phase steps.}
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\item{Accurate output amplitude control.}
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\end{itemize}
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\section{Applications}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item{Dynamic low-noise RF source.}
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\item{Driving RF electrodes in ion traps.}
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\item{Driving acousto-optic modulators.}
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\item{Form a laser intensity servo with 5108 Sampler.}
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\end{itemize}
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\section{General Description}
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The 4410/4412 DDS Urukul card is a 4hp EEM module part of the ARTIQ Sinara family.
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It adds frequency generation capabilities to carrier cards such as 1124 Kasli and 1125 Kasli-SoC.
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It provides 4 channels of DDS at 1GS/s.
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Output frequency from \textless 1 to \textgreater 400 MHz are supported.
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The nominal maximum output power of each channel is 10dBm.
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Each channel can be attenuated from 0 to -31.5 dB by a digital attenuator.
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RF switches (1ns temporal resolution) on each channel provides 70 dB isolation.
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4410 DDS Urukul comes with AD9910 chips, while 4412 DDS Urukul comes with AD9912 chips instead.
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% Switch to next column
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\vfill\break
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\newcommand*{\MyLabel}[3][2cm]{\parbox{#1}{\centering #2 \\ #3}}
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\newcommand*{\MymyLabel}[3][4cm]{\parbox{#1}{\centering #2 \\ #3}}
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\newcommand{\repeatfootnote}[1]{\textsuperscript{\ref{#1}}}
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\newcommand{\inputcolorboxminted}[2]{%
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\begin{tcolorbox}[colback=white]
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\inputminted[#1, gobble=4]{python}{#2}
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\end{tcolorbox}
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}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\scalebox{0.88}{
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\begin{circuitikz}[european, scale=0.95, every label/.append style={align=center}]
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\begin{scope}[]
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% Node to pin-point the locations of SMA symbols
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\draw[color=white, text=black] (-0.1, 0) node[twoportshape, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.4 ] (ext_clk) {};
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\draw[color=white, text=black] (-0.1, -0.35) node[twoportshape, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.4 ] (mmcx) {};
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\draw[color=white, text=black] (-0.1, -1.75) node[twoportshape, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.4 ] (rf0) {};
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\draw[color=white, text=black] (-0.1, -2.45) node[twoportshape, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.4 ] (rf1) {};
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\draw[color=white, text=black] (-0.1, -3.15) node[twoportshape, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.4 ] (rf2) {};
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\draw[color=white, text=black] (-0.1, -3.85) node[twoportshape, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.4 ] (rf3) {};
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% Labels for female EXT_CLK, MMCX, RF {0, 1, 2, 3}
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\node [label=left:\tiny{EXT CLK}] at (0.35, 0) {};
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\node [label=left:\tiny{MMCX}] at (0.35, -0.35) {};
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\node [label=left:\tiny{RF 0}] at (0.35, -1.75) {};
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\node [label=left:\tiny{RF 1}] at (0.35, -2.45) {};
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\node [label=left:\tiny{RF 2}] at (0.35, -3.15) {};
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\node [label=left:\tiny{RF 3}] at (0.35, -3.85) {};
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% draw female EXT_CLK, MMCX, RF {0, 1, 2, 3}
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\begin{scope}[scale=0.07 , rotate=-90, xshift=0cm, yshift=2cm]
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\draw (0,0.65) -- (0,3);
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\clip (-1.5,0) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
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\draw (0,0) circle(1.5);
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\clip (-0.8,0) rectangle (0.8,0.8);
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\draw (0,0) circle(0.8);
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\end{scope}
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\begin{scope}[scale=0.07 , rotate=-90, xshift=5cm, yshift=2cm]
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\draw (0,0.65) -- (0,3);
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\clip (-1.5,0) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
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\draw (0,0) circle(1.5);
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\clip (-0.8,0) rectangle (0.8,0.8);
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\draw (0,0) circle(0.8);
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\end{scope}
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\begin{scope}[scale=0.07 , rotate=-90, xshift=25cm, yshift=2cm]
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\draw (0,0.65) -- (0,3);
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\clip (-1.5,0) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
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\draw (0,0) circle(1.5);
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\clip (-0.8,0) rectangle (0.8,0.8);
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\draw (0,0) circle(0.8);
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\end{scope}
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\begin{scope}[scale=0.07 , rotate=-90, xshift=35cm, yshift=2cm]
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\draw (0,0.65) -- (0,3);
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\clip (-1.5,0) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
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\draw (0,0) circle(1.5);
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\clip (-0.8,0) rectangle (0.8,0.8);
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\draw (0,0) circle(0.8);
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\end{scope}
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\begin{scope}[scale=0.07 , rotate=-90, xshift=45cm, yshift=2cm]
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\draw (0,0.65) -- (0,3);
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\clip (-1.5,0) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
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\draw (0,0) circle(1.5);
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\clip (-0.8,0) rectangle (0.8,0.8);
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\draw (0,0) circle(0.8);
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\end{scope}
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\begin{scope}[scale=0.07 , rotate=-90, xshift=55cm, yshift=2cm]
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\draw (0,0.65) -- (0,3);
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\clip (-1.5,0) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
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\draw (0,0) circle(1.5);
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\clip (-0.8,0) rectangle (0.8,0.8);
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\draw (0,0) circle(0.8);
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\end{scope}
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% Draw the internal oscillator
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\draw (0.02, -0.8) node[twoportshape, t={OSC}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=0.8, scale=0.4] (xo) {};
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% Draw the clock buffers as selector
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% \tikzset{demux/.style={muxdemux, muxdemux def={Lh=6, Rh=6, NL=3, NT=1, NB=0, NR=1, w=2.5}, no input leads, scale=0.4}};
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% \draw (1.55, -0.35) node[demux]{\rotatebox[origin=c]{-90}{CLK BUFFERS}};
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\draw (1.45, -0.35) node[twoportshape, t={CLK Buffers}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=2.2, scale=0.4, rotate=-90] (clk_buf) {};
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% Connect CLK_IN to DDS clock buffers
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\draw [-latexslim] (ext_clk.east) -- ++(1,0);
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\draw [-latexslim] (mmcx.east) -- ++(1,0);
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\draw [-latexslim] (xo.east) -- ++(1,0);
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% Connect CPLD clk_sel to DDS clock buffers
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\draw [-latexslim] (clk_buf.east) -- ++(0,-0.42);
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% Signal path: From control signals / clock of DDS to output of the RF switches
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\draw (1.35, -1.75) node[twoportshape, t={DDS Signal Path}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=2, scale=0.4] (sig0) {};
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\draw (1.35, -2.45) node[twoportshape, t={DDS Signal Path}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=2, scale=0.4] (sig1) {};
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\draw (1.35, -3.15) node[twoportshape, t={DDS Signal Path}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=2, scale=0.4] (sig2) {};
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\draw (1.35, -3.85) node[twoportshape, t={DDS Signal Path}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=2, scale=0.4] (sig3) {};
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% Extra node to expand the dotted area eastward
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\draw[color=white, text=black] (2.1, -3.85) node[twoportshape, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=0.4, scale=0.4 ] (sig3_east) {};
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% Connect RF to DDS block
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\draw [latexslim-] (rf0.east) -- (sig0.west);
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\draw [latexslim-] (rf1.east) -- (sig1.west);
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\draw [latexslim-] (rf2.east) -- (sig2.west);
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\draw [latexslim-] (rf3.east) -- (sig3.west);
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% DDS signal path dotted area
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\node[draw, dotted, thick, rounded corners, inner xsep=0.7em, inner ysep=0.4em, fit=(rf3)(sig0)(sig3_east.east)] (abs_dds) {};
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\node[fill=white, rotate=-90, scale=0.7] at (abs_dds.west) {DDS Channels};
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% CPLD
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\draw (3.8, -0.35) node[twoportshape, t={CPLD}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.1, scale=0.8, rotate=-90] (cpld) {};
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% Synthronization clock buffer for DDS block
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\draw (3.5, -2.5) node[twoportshape, t=\MymyLabel{Sync}{Buffer}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.5] (sync_buf) {};
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% Connect CPLD to:
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% DDS clock buffer
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\draw [latexslim-] (clk_buf.north) -- (cpld.south);
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% DDS signal path
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\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (3.4, -0.7) -- ++ (-1.5, 0) -- ++ (0,-0.72);
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% Draw to intersection point, then complete the connection to sync buffer
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\draw [-] (4.2, -0.7) -- (4.55, -0.7) -- (4.55, -2.5);
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\draw [-latexslim] (4.55, -2.5) -- (sync_buf.east);
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% Connect sync buffer to DDS block
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\draw [-latexslim] (sig0.east) -- (3.35, -1.75) -- ++ (0, -0.5);
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\draw [-latexslim] (sync_buf.south) -- ++ (0, -0.3) -- ++ (-1.05, 0);
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% LVDS Transceivers
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\draw (6, 0) node[twoportshape, t=\MymyLabel{LVDS}{Transceiever}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.8, scale=0.5] (lvds0) {};
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\draw (6, -0.7) node[twoportshape, t=\MymyLabel{LVDS}{Transceiever}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.8, scale=0.5] (lvds1) {};
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\draw (6, -2.5) node[twoportshape, t=\MymyLabel{LVDS}{Transceiever}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.8, scale=0.5] (lvds2) {};
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\draw (6, -3.2) node[twoportshape, t=\MymyLabel{LVDS}{Transceiever}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.8, scale=0.5] (lvds3) {};
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% Connect CPLD to transceivers
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\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (lvds0.west) -- ++ (-1.13, 0);
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\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (lvds1.west) -- ++ (-0.35, 0) -- ++ (0, 0.6) -- ++ (-0.78, 0);
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\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (lvds2.west) -- ++ (-0.45, 0) -- ++ (0, 2.3) -- ++ (-0.68, 0);
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\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (lvds3.west) -- ++ (-0.55, 0) -- ++ (0, 2.9) -- ++ (-0.58, 0);
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% EEPROMs
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\draw (6, -1.4) node[twoportshape, t={EEPROM}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.8, scale=0.5] (eeprom0) {};
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\draw (6, -3.9) node[twoportshape, t={EEPROM}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.8, scale=0.5] (eeprom1) {};
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% Repeaters for DDS0 sync clock & DDS sync output from sync buffer
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\draw (3.5, -3.85) node[twoportshape, t={Repeaters}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.5] (rep) {};
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% Connect DDS0 to repeaters
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\draw [-latexslim] (sig0.east) -- ++ (0.3, 0) -- ++ (0, -1.55) -- (3.35, -3.3) -- ++ (0, -0.3);
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% Connect sync_buf to repeaters
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\draw [-latexslim] (sync_buf.south) -- ++ (0, -0.3) -- ++ (0.15, 0) -- ++ (0, -0.55);
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% EEMs
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\draw (8, -0.9) node[twoportshape, t={EEM Port 0}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=3.2, scale=0.5, rotate=-90] (eem0) {};
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\draw (8, -3.4) node[twoportshape, t={EEM Port 1}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=3.2, scale=0.5, rotate=-90] (eem1) {};
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% Connect LVDS and EEM
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\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (lvds0.east) -- (7.75, 0);
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\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (lvds1.east) -- (7.75, -0.7);
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\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (lvds2.east) -- (7.75, -2.5);
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\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (lvds3.east) -- (7.75, -3.2);
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% Connect EEPROM to EEM
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\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (eeprom0.east) -- (7.75, -1.4);
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\draw [latexslim-latexslim] (eeprom1.east) -- (7.75, -3.9);
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% Connect EEM0 to sync_buf
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\draw [latexslim-] (3.65, -2.25) -- (3.65, -1.85) -- (7.75, -1.85);
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% Connect repeaters output to EEM1
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\draw [-latexslim] (rep.south) -- (3.5, -4.35) -- (7.75, -4.35);
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% Synchronization ICs encased in another dotted area
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\node[draw, dotted, thick, rounded corners, inner xsep=0.7em, inner ysep=0.4em, fit=(rep.south west)(sync_buf.north east)] (sync_path) {};
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\node[fill=white, rotate=-90, scale=0.5] at (sync_path.east) {AD9910 Only};
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\end{scope}
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\end{circuitikz}
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}
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\caption{Simplified Block Diagram}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\scalebox{0.88}{
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\begin{circuitikz}[european, scale=0.95, every label/.append style={align=center}]
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\begin{scope}[]
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% RF switches {0, 1, 2, 3} for SMA {0, 1, 2, 3}
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\draw (1.4, 0) node[twoportshape, t={RF Switch}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.5, scale=0.6] (sw) {};
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% Amplifiers {0, 1, 2, 3} for RF switches {0, 1, 2, 3}
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\draw (3, 0) node[buffer, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=-0.5] (amp) {};
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% Attenuators {0, 1, 2, 3} for amplifiers {0, 1, 2, 3}
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\draw (4.6, 0) node[twoportshape, t=\MymyLabel{Digital}{Attenuator}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=2, scale=0.6, rotate=-90] (att) {};
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% DDS {0, 1, 2, 3} for attenuators {0, 1, 2, 3}
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\draw (6.6, 0) node[twoportshape, t={DDS}, circuitikz/bipoles/twoport/width=1.2, scale=0.7] (dds) {};
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% Connect main signal path
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\draw [-latexslim] (dds.west) -- (att.north);
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\draw [-latexslim] (att.south) -- (amp.west);
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\draw [-latexslim] (amp.east) -- (sw.east);
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% Connect abstract DDS clock input
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\node [label=above:\tiny{CLK Buffers}] at (8, -0.2) {};
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\draw [latexslim-] (dds.east) -- (8, 0);
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% Insert CPLD signal to relevant components
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\node [label=above:\tiny{CPLD}] at (8, 1.1) {};
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\draw [-] (1.4, 1.3) -- (8, 1.3);
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\draw [-latexslim] (1.4, 1.3) -- (sw.north);
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\draw [-latexslim] (4.6, 1.3) -- (att.west);
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\draw [-latexslim] (6.6, 1.3) -- (dds.north);
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% Connect sync_buf signal to DDS
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\draw [latexslim-] (6.9, -1.35) -- (6.9, -0.35);
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\draw [-latexslim] (6.3, -1.35) -- (6.3, -0.35);
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\node [label=below:\tiny{Sync Buffer /}] at (6.6, -1.15) {};
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\node [label=below:\tiny{Repeaters}] at (6.6, -1.4) {};
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\node [label={[rotate=-90]above:\tiny{DDS 0}}] at (6.8, -0.9) {};
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\node [label={[rotate=-90]above:\tiny{Only}}] at (6.55, -0.9) {};
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\end{scope}
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\end{circuitikz}
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}
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\caption{Simplified DDS Signal Path}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[hbt!]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[height=2.2in]{Urukul_FP.jpg}
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\includegraphics[height=2.2in]{photo4410.jpg}
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\caption{Urukul Card photo}
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\end{figure}
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% For wide tables, a single column layout is better. It can be switched
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% page-by-page.
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\onecolumn
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\section{Electrical Specifications}
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Specifications of parameters are based on the datasheets of the
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DDS IC(AD9910\footnote{\label{ad9910}https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/AD9910.pdf},
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AD9912\footnote{\label{ad9912}https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/AD9912.pdf}),
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clock buffer IC (Si53312\footnote{\label{clock_buffer}https://www.skyworksinc.com/-/media/Skyworks/SL/documents/public/data-sheets/Si53312.pdf}),
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digital attenuator IC (HMC542BLP4E\footnote{\label{attenuator}https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/hmc542b.pdf}),
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various information from Sinara wiki\footnote{\label{urukul_wiki}https://github.com/sinara-hw/Urukul/wiki\#details-specification-and-typical-performance-data}
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and corresponding test results\footnote{\label{sinara354}https://github.com/sinara-hw/sinara/issues/354\#issuecomment-352859041}.
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\begin{table}[h]
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\centering
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\begin{threeparttable}
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\caption{Recommended Operating Conditions}
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\begin{tabularx}{0.9\textwidth}{l | c c c | c | X}
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\thickhline
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\textbf{Parameter} & \textbf{Min.} & \textbf{Typ.} & \textbf{Max.} &
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\textbf{Unit} & \textbf{Conditions} \\
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\hline
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Clock input & & & & &\\
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\hspace{3mm} Input frequency\repeatfootnote{ad9910}\textsuperscript{,}\repeatfootnote{ad9912} & 10 & & 1000 & MHz & PLL disabled \\
|
|
& 3.2 & & 60 & MHz & AD9910, PLL enabled, no clock division \\
|
|
& 12.8 & & 240 & MHz & AD9910, PLL enabled, 4x clock division \\
|
|
& 11 & & 200 & MHz & AD9912, PLL enabled, no clock division \\
|
|
& 44 & & 800 & MHz & AD9912, PLL enabled, 4x clock division \\
|
|
\hspace{3mm} Nominal input power\repeatfootnote{clock_buffer} & & 10 & & dBm & \\
|
|
\thickhline
|
|
\end{tabularx}
|
|
\end{threeparttable}
|
|
\end{table}
|
|
|
|
\begin{table}[h]
|
|
\centering
|
|
\begin{threeparttable}
|
|
\caption{RF Output Specifications}
|
|
\begin{tabularx}{0.9\textwidth}{l | c c c | c | X}
|
|
\thickhline
|
|
\textbf{Parameter} & \textbf{Min.} & \textbf{Typ.} & \textbf{Max.} &
|
|
\textbf{Unit} & \textbf{Conditions} \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
Low frequency power\repeatfootnote{sinara354} & & & -20 & dBm & 100 kHz output \\
|
|
& & & 10 & dBm & 1 MHz output \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
Frequency\repeatfootnote{urukul_wiki} & 1 & & 400 & MHz & \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
Digital attenuation\repeatfootnote{attenuator} & -31.5 & & 0 & dB & \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
Resolution & & & & & \\
|
|
\hspace{3mm} Frequency\repeatfootnote{ad9910}\textsuperscript{,}\repeatfootnote{urukul_wiki} & & 0.25 & & Hz & AD9910 \\
|
|
& & 8 & & $\mu$Hz & AD9912 \\
|
|
\hspace{3mm} Phase offset\repeatfootnote{ad9910}\textsuperscript{,}\repeatfootnote{ad9912} & & 16 & & bits & AD9910 \\
|
|
& & 14 & & bits & AD9912 \\
|
|
\hspace{3mm} Digital amplitude\repeatfootnote{ad9910} & & 14 & & bits & AD9910 \\
|
|
\hspace{3mm} DAC full scale current\repeatfootnote{ad9910}\textsuperscript{,}\repeatfootnote{ad9912} & & 8 & & bits & AD9910 \\
|
|
& & 10 & & bits & AD9912 \\
|
|
\hspace{3mm} Temporal (I/O Update)\repeatfootnote{urukul_wiki} & & 4 & & ns & \\
|
|
\hspace{3mm} Digital attenuation\repeatfootnote{attenuator} & & 0.5 & & dB & \\
|
|
\thickhline
|
|
\end{tabularx}
|
|
\end{threeparttable}
|
|
\end{table}
|
|
|
|
\newpage
|
|
|
|
The tabulated performance characteristics are produced using the following setup unless otherwise noted.
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item 100 MHz input clock into SMA, 10 dBm.
|
|
\item Input clock divided by 4.
|
|
\item PLL with x40 multiplier.
|
|
\item Output frequency at 80 MHz or 81 MHz.
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
\begin{table}[h]
|
|
\begin{threeparttable}
|
|
\caption{Electrical Characteristics}
|
|
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{l | c | c c c | c | X}
|
|
\thickhline
|
|
\textbf{Parameter} & \textbf{Symbol} & \textbf{Min.} & \textbf{Typ.} & \textbf{Max.} &
|
|
\textbf{Unit} & \textbf{Conditions} \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
Digital attenuator glitch duration\repeatfootnote{sinara354} & $t_s$ & & 100 & & ns & \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
RF switch\repeatfootnote{sinara354} & & & & & &\\
|
|
\hspace{3mm} Rise to 90\% & $t_{on}$ & & 100 & & ns & \\
|
|
\hspace{3mm} Isolation & & & 70 & & dB & \\
|
|
\hspace{3mm} Turn-on chirp & $\gamma$ & & & 0.1 & deg/s & Excluding the first $\mu$s\\
|
|
\hline
|
|
Crosstalk\repeatfootnote{sinara354} & & & -84 & & dB & Victim RF switch opened \\
|
|
& & & -110 & & dB & Victim RF switch closed \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
Cross-channel-intermodulation\repeatfootnote{sinara354} & & & -90 & & dB & \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
Phase noise\repeatfootnote{sinara354} & $\mathcal{L}(f)$ & & -85 & & dBc/Hz & 0.1 Hz \\
|
|
& & & -95 & & dBc/Hz & 1 Hz \\
|
|
& & & -107 & & dBc/Hz & 10 Hz \\
|
|
& & & -116 & & dBc/Hz & 100 Hz \\
|
|
& & & -126 & & dBc/Hz & 1 kHz \\
|
|
& & & -133 & & dBc/Hz & 10 kHz \\
|
|
& & & -135 & & dBc/Hz & 100 kHz \\
|
|
& & & -128 & & dBc/Hz & 1 MHz \\
|
|
& & & -149 & & dBc/Hz & 10 MHz \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
Second-order harmonics\repeatfootnote{sinara354} & & & -40 & & dB & 6 dBm output \\
|
|
& & & -34 & & dB & 10.5 dBm output \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
Third-order harmonics\repeatfootnote{sinara354} & & & -54 & & dB & 6 dBm output \\
|
|
& & & -28 & & dB & 10.5 dBm output \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
Power consumption (AD9910)\repeatfootnote{urukul_wiki} & $P$ & & 7 & & W & 4x 400 MHz, 10.5 dBm, 52\degree C\\
|
|
Power consumption (AD9912)\repeatfootnote{urukul_wiki} & $P$ & & 6.5 & & W & 4x 400 MHz, 10.5 dBm, 52\degree C\\
|
|
\thickhline
|
|
\end{tabularx}
|
|
\end{threeparttable}
|
|
\end{table}
|
|
|
|
\newpage
|
|
|
|
Harmonic content of the DDS signals from 4410 DDS Urukul is tabulated below\footnote{\label{urukul29}https://github.com/sinara-hw/Urukul/issues/29}. An external 125 MHz clock signal were supplied.
|
|
|
|
\newcommand{\ts}{\textsuperscript}
|
|
\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
|
|
|
|
\begin{table}[h]
|
|
\begin{threeparttable}
|
|
\caption{Harmonic content with 0.0 dB digital attenuation}
|
|
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{| c | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |}
|
|
\thickhline
|
|
\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{Frequency (MHz)}} &
|
|
\multicolumn{9}{c|}{\textbf{Output power (dBm) of the n\ts{th}-order harmonic}}\\
|
|
\cline{2-10} & 1\ts{st} & 2\ts{nd} & 3\ts{rd} & 4\ts{th} & 5\ts{th} & 6\ts{th} &
|
|
7\ts{th} & 8\ts{th} & 9\ts{th} \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
0.1 & -21.14 & -59.03 & -54.93 & -93.07 & -73.38 & -94.07 & -84.78 & -91.77 & -96.61 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
0.5 & 4.51 & -15.45 & -11.61 & -25.02 & -24.35 & -51.70 & -35.14 & -34.46 & -37.85 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
1 & 7.67 & -16.80 & -12.32 & -18.27 & -29.25 & -30.87 & -34.51 & -39.28 & -39.84 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
10 & 10.67 & -12.69 & -13.94 & -26.12 & -27.76 & -36.11 & -55.32 & -43.85 & -42.65 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
20 & 10.86 & -24.90 & -13.65 & -22.87 & -28.67 & -47.68 & -35.85 & -35.45 & -38.48 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
50 & 10.74 & -14.18 & -15.01 & -27.57 & -29.01 & -38.05 & -51.52 & -44.53 & -42.71 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
100 & 9.70 & -33.59 & -16.72 & -34.36 & -26.81 & -40.14 & -41.07 & -43.88 & -56.89 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
200 & 8.97 & -22.22 & -16.23 & -24.89 & -30.49 & -37.97 & -37.79 & -38.80 & -40.14 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
300 & 8.27 & -19.17 & -19.51 & -29.80 & -34.75 & -38.90 & -51.92 & -53.38 & -57.95 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
400 & 7.68 & -17.82 & -21.60 & -33.04 & -37.80 & -50.37 & -57.45 & -59.80 & -64.68 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
500 & -1.80 & -41.57 & -51.71 & -72.36 & -89.35 & -91.63 & -93.15 & -84.54 & -107.57 \\
|
|
\thickhline
|
|
\end{tabularx}
|
|
\end{threeparttable}
|
|
\end{table}
|
|
|
|
\begin{table}[hbt!]
|
|
\begin{threeparttable}
|
|
\caption{Harmonic content with 10.0 dB digital attenuation}
|
|
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{| c | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |}
|
|
\thickhline
|
|
\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{Frequency (MHz)}} &
|
|
\multicolumn{9}{c|}{\textbf{Output power (dBm) of the n\ts{th}-order harmonic}}\\
|
|
\cline{2-10} & 1\ts{st} & 2\ts{nd} & 3\ts{rd} & 4\ts{th} & 5\ts{th} & 6\ts{th} &
|
|
7\ts{th} & 8\ts{th} & 9\ts{th} \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
0.1 & -27.06 & -81.35 & -62.09 & -97.37 & -84.11 & -103.78 & -91.37 & -100.48 & -104.22 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
0.5 & -3.2 & -37.82 & -52.21 & -66.76 & -77.86 & -85.92 & -86.37 & -97.59 & -120.76 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
1 & -0.43 & -34.47 & -47.80 & -75.28 & -86.45 & -101.91 & -93.22 & -96.14 & -106.71 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
10 & 1.95 & -31.04 & -28.23 & -51.76 & -57.29 & -76.26 & -78.15 & -83.85 & -80.20 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
20 & 2.10 & -33.05 & -28.30 & -54.50 & -52.31 & -72.39 & -70.96 & -82.98 & -82.58 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
50 & 1.89 & -33.24 & -28.50 & -52.67 & -48.35 & -74.77 & -77.26 & -79.33 & -73.58 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
100 & 0.80 & -38.51 & -63.22 & -61.73 & -71.97 & -97.45 & -97.67 & -107.40 & -93.03 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
200 & 0.05 & -38.25 & -42.16 & -63.01 & -84.55 & -82.66 & -108.85 & -116.62 & -99.45 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
300 & -0.51 & -35.91 & -48.83 & -82.43 & -100.53 & -111.79 & -118.62 & -120.05 & -97.72 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
400 & -1.20 & -38.37 & -49.77 & -89.45 & -74.66 & -108.12 & -116.75 & -114.08 & -102.29 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
500 & -11.20 & -61.47 & -77.59 & -74.73 & -100.23 & -93.12 & -99.83 & -86.71 & -112.63 \\
|
|
\thickhline
|
|
\end{tabularx}
|
|
\end{threeparttable}
|
|
\end{table}
|
|
|
|
\newpage
|
|
|
|
\begin{table}[h]
|
|
\begin{threeparttable}
|
|
\caption{Harmonic content with 20.0 dB digital attenuation}
|
|
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{| c | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |}
|
|
\thickhline
|
|
\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{Frequency (MHz)}} &
|
|
\multicolumn{9}{c|}{\textbf{Output power (dBm) of the n\ts{th}-order harmonic}}\\
|
|
\cline{2-10} & 1\ts{st} & 2\ts{nd} & 3\ts{rd} & 4\ts{th} & 5\ts{th} & 6\ts{th} &
|
|
7\ts{th} & 8\ts{th} & 9\ts{th} \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
0.1 & -31.06 & -82.29 & -68.34 & -109.04 & -92.48 & -111.23 & -99.94 & -109.85 & -112.36 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
0.5 & -11.99 & -56.69 & -71.73 & -95.76 & -101.86 & -114.37 & -102.81 & -106.94 & -116.72 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
1 & -9.94 & -54.54 & -56.49 & -89.12 & -105.94 & -110.93 & -102.79 & -107.01 & -117.29 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
10 & -7.89 & -50.19 & -57.35 & -91.36 & -97.88 & -107.95 & -103.53 & -96.04 & -108.26 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
20 & -7.79 & -52.72 & -58.03 & -90.75 & -99.82 & -102.07 & -101.55 & -104.73 & -103.31 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
50 & -7.96 & -52.36 & -59.26 & -84.44 & -87.55 & -86.88 & -97.76 & -92.61 & -83.19 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
100 & -9.04 & -57.40 & -61.76 & -78.50 & -91.80 & -117.64 & -107.40 & -112.64 & -102.07 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
200 & -9.73 & -57.39 & -72.31 & -72.66 & -93.26 & -95.95 & -125.22 & -122.35 & -130.24 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
300 & -10.27 & -58.65 & -74.60 & -109.24 & -107.74 & -115.75 & -125.36 & -124.54 & -98.86 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
400 & -10.94 & -59.62 & -79.36 & -98.48 & -74.72 & -111.95 & -119.18 & -114.63 & -104.34 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
500 & -21.00 & -78.52 & -99.07 & -74.91 & -99.55 & -92.91 & -103.02 & -87.33 & -114.87 \\
|
|
\thickhline
|
|
\end{tabularx}
|
|
\end{threeparttable}
|
|
\end{table}
|
|
|
|
\begin{table}[hbt!]
|
|
\begin{threeparttable}
|
|
\caption{Harmonic content with 31.5 dB digital attenuation}
|
|
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{| c | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |}
|
|
\thickhline
|
|
\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{Frequency (MHz)}} &
|
|
\multicolumn{9}{c|}{\textbf{Output power (dBm) of the n\ts{th}-order harmonic}}\\
|
|
\cline{2-10} & 1\ts{st} & 2\ts{nd} & 3\ts{rd} & 4\ts{th} & 5\ts{th} & 6\ts{th} &
|
|
7\ts{th} & 8\ts{th} & 9\ts{th} \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
0.1 & -37.89 & -85.04 & -77.41 & -122.04 & -114.29 & -115.58 & -110.65 & -120.06 & -123.70 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
0.5 & -22.38 & -71.24 & -89.84 & -107.81 & -108.76 & -127.83 & -114.12 & -118.34 & -127.07 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
1 & -21.01 & -72.10 & -90.08 & -111.97 & -111.30 & -127.43 & -114.38 & -118.07 & -128.06 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
10 & -19.22 & -72.13 & -90.74 & -110.14 & -105.28 & -114.04 & -113.51 & -94.85 & -116.15 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
20 & -19.28 & -75.95 & -94.72 & -91.71 & -107.55 & -112.85 & -112.24 & -116.33 & -114.02 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
50 & -19.27 & -74.93 & -92.21 & -95.77 & -101.06 & -97.92 & -108.30 & -103.60 & -93.96 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
100 & -20.27 & -79.05 & -87.48 & -89.73 & -104.00 & -117.98 & -112.12 & -110.51 & -105.80 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
200 & -21.19 & -78.33 & -106.81 & -82.70 & -92.31 & -109.93 & -133.86 & -120.94 & -102.95 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
300 & -21.58 & -80.96 & -112.44 & -110.40 & -108.11 & -115.68 & -122.51 & -125.25 & -99.63 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
400 & -22.44 & -82.73 & -105.55 & -98.03 & -74.84 & -113.93 & -119.41 & -114.93 & -104.55 \\
|
|
\hline
|
|
500 & -31.73 & -93.37 & -99.74 & -75.03 & -99.27 & -92.84 & -104.14 & -87.46 & -116.22 \\
|
|
\thickhline
|
|
\end{tabularx}
|
|
\end{threeparttable}
|
|
\end{table}
|
|
|
|
\newpage
|
|
|
|
The RMS voltage of a 4410 DDS Urukul channel at different amplitude scale factor is measured.
|
|
The DDS channel is directly connected to an oscilloscope with a 50\textOmega~termination.
|
|
The reported values are obtained from the oscilloscope.
|
|
|
|
\begin{multicols}{2}
|
|
\begin{figure}[H]
|
|
\begin{tikzpicture}
|
|
\begin{axis}[
|
|
xlabel={AD9910 Amplitude Scale Factor},
|
|
ylabel={DDS RMS Voltage ($V_{rms}$)},
|
|
xmin=0, xmax=1,
|
|
ymin=0, ymax=1,
|
|
xtick={0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1},
|
|
ytick={0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1},
|
|
legend pos=north west,
|
|
ymajorgrids=true,
|
|
grid style=dashed,
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
\addplot[
|
|
color=black,
|
|
mark=square,
|
|
samples=11
|
|
] coordinates {
|
|
(0.0, 0) (0.1, 0.087924) (0.2, 0.176157) (0.3, 0.262437) (0.4, 0.345833) (0.5, 0.429203)
|
|
(0.6, 0.512235) (0.7, 0.59130) (0.8, 0.66877) (0.9, 0.73344) (1.0, 0.78761)
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
\addplot[
|
|
color=blue,
|
|
mark=square,
|
|
samples=11
|
|
] coordinates {
|
|
(0.0, 0) (0.1, 0.089807) (0.2, 0.179723) (0.3, 0.268852) (0.4, 0.354310) (0.5, 0.441055)
|
|
(0.6, 0.526386) (0.7, 0.61233) (0.8, 0.69044) (0.9, 0.75856) (1.0, 0.81703)
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
\addplot[
|
|
color=green,
|
|
mark=square,
|
|
samples=11
|
|
] coordinates {
|
|
(0.0, 0) (0.1, 0.093101) (0.2, 0.186762) (0.3, 0.277704) (0.4, 0.369172) (0.5, 0.459391)
|
|
(0.6, 0.548191) (0.7, 0.63607) (0.8, 0.71469) (0.9, 0.78221) (1.0, 0.84139)
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
\addplot[
|
|
color=red,
|
|
mark=square,
|
|
samples=11
|
|
] coordinates {
|
|
(0, 0) (0.1, 0.092502) (0.2, 0.184728) (0.3, 0.276224) (0.4, 0.366914) (0.5, 0.457255)
|
|
(0.6, 0.544924) (0.7, 0.62991) (0.8, 0.70582) (0.9, 0.77104) (1.0, 0.82737)
|
|
};
|
|
\legend{200 MHz, 100 MHz, 50 MHz, 10 MHz}
|
|
|
|
\end{axis}
|
|
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
\caption{RMS voltage, 0dB attenuation}
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
|
|
\columnbreak
|
|
|
|
\begin{figure}[H]
|
|
\begin{tikzpicture}
|
|
\begin{axis}[
|
|
xlabel={AD9910 Amplitude Scale Factor},
|
|
ylabel={DDS RMS Voltage ($mV_{rms}$)},
|
|
xmin=0, xmax=1,
|
|
ymin=0, ymax=200,
|
|
xtick={0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1},
|
|
ytick={0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200},
|
|
legend pos=north west,
|
|
ymajorgrids=true,
|
|
grid style=dashed,
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
\addplot[
|
|
color=black,
|
|
mark=square,
|
|
samples=11
|
|
] coordinates {
|
|
(0, 0) (0.1, 16.1805) (0.2, 32.1530) (0.3, 48.2039) (0.4, 64.172) (0.5, 80.452)
|
|
(0.6, 96.405) (0.7, 112.427) (0.8, 128.776) (0.9, 144.967) (1.0, 161.148)
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
\addplot[
|
|
color=blue,
|
|
mark=square,
|
|
samples=11
|
|
] coordinates {
|
|
(0, 0) (0.1, 16.6691) (0.2, 33.3762) (0.3, 49.8844) (0.4, 67.055) (0.5, 83.652)
|
|
(0.6, 99.970) (0.7, 116.906) (0.8, 133.368) (0.9, 150.839) (1.0, 167.033)
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
\addplot[
|
|
color=green,
|
|
mark=square,
|
|
samples=11
|
|
] coordinates {
|
|
(0, 0) (0.1, 17.0562) (0.2, 34.0713) (0.3, 51.0456) (0.4, 68.241) (0.5, 85.241)
|
|
(0.6, 102.328) (0.7, 119.279) (0.8, 136.584) (0.9, 153.737) (1.0, 170.829)
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
\addplot[
|
|
color=red,
|
|
mark=square,
|
|
samples=11
|
|
] coordinates {
|
|
(0, 0) (0.1, 16.8030) (0.2, 33.6407) (0.3, 50.4039) (0.4, 67.348) (0.5, 84.127)
|
|
(0.6, 100.852) (0.7, 117.618) (0.8, 134.415) (0.9, 151.267) (1.0, 168.160)
|
|
};
|
|
\legend{200 MHz, 100 MHz, 50 MHz, 10 MHz}
|
|
|
|
\end{axis}
|
|
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
\caption{RMS voltage, 15dB attenuation}
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
|
|
\end{multicols}
|
|
|
|
The ideal RMS voltage is described by the linear function $V_\mathrm{rms,ideal}(\mathrm{ASF})=\frac{V_\mathrm{rms}(0.1)}{0.1}*\mathrm{ASF}$.
|
|
The measured RMS voltage divided by the full scale ideal RMS voltage (i.e. $V_\mathrm{rms,ideal}(1)$) is shown below.
|
|
|
|
\begin{figure}[H]
|
|
\centering
|
|
\begin{tikzpicture}
|
|
\begin{axis}[
|
|
xlabel={AD9910 Amplitude Scale Factor},
|
|
ylabel={Scaled RMS Voltage},
|
|
xmin=0, xmax=1,
|
|
ymin=0, ymax=1.1,
|
|
xtick={0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1},
|
|
ytick={0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1},
|
|
legend pos=north west,
|
|
ymajorgrids=true,
|
|
grid style=dashed,
|
|
width=0.7\textwidth
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
\addplot[
|
|
color=black,
|
|
samples=2,
|
|
ultra thick,
|
|
dotted
|
|
] {x};
|
|
|
|
\addplot[
|
|
color=blue,
|
|
mark=square,
|
|
samples=11,
|
|
y filter/.code={\pgfmathparse{\pgfmathresult/0.089807*0.1}\pgfmathresult}
|
|
] coordinates {
|
|
(0.0, 0) (0.1, 0.089807) (0.2, 0.179723) (0.3, 0.268852) (0.4, 0.354310) (0.5, 0.441055)
|
|
(0.6, 0.526386) (0.7, 0.61233) (0.8, 0.69044) (0.9, 0.75856) (1.0, 0.81703)
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
\addplot[
|
|
color=orange,
|
|
mark=square,
|
|
samples=11,
|
|
y filter/.code={\pgfmathparse{\pgfmathresult/50.0729*0.1}\pgfmathresult}
|
|
] coordinates {
|
|
(0, 0) (0.1, 50.0729) (0.2, 100.309) (0.3, 150.996) (0.4, 200.905) (0.5, 250.004)
|
|
(0.6, 297.000) (0.7, 345.980) (0.8, 394.391) (0.9, 442.869) (1.0, 490.651)
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
\addplot[
|
|
color=green,
|
|
mark=square,
|
|
samples=11,
|
|
y filter/.code={\pgfmathparse{\pgfmathresult/28.4696*0.1}\pgfmathresult}
|
|
] coordinates {
|
|
(0, 0) (0.1, 28.4696) (0.2, 57.143) (0.3, 85.776) (0.4, 114.694) (0.5, 143.302)
|
|
(0.6, 171.911) (0.7, 200.098) (0.8, 227.816) (0.9, 256.321) (1.0, 281.930)
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
\addplot[
|
|
color=red,
|
|
mark=square,
|
|
samples=11,
|
|
y filter/.code={\pgfmathparse{\pgfmathresult/16.6691*0.1}\pgfmathresult}
|
|
] coordinates {
|
|
(0, 0) (0.1, 16.6691) (0.2, 33.3762) (0.3, 49.8844) (0.4, 67.055) (0.5, 83.652)
|
|
(0.6, 99.970) (0.7, 116.906) (0.8, 133.368) (0.9, 150.839) (1.0, 167.033)
|
|
};
|
|
\legend{Ideal response, 0dB attenuation, 5dB attenuation, 10dB attenuation, 15dB attenuation}
|
|
|
|
\end{axis}
|
|
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
\caption{RMS voltage scaled by ideal voltage at ASF=1, 100 MHz}
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
|
|
\newpage
|
|
|
|
\begin{multicols}{2}
|
|
|
|
\begin{figure}[H]
|
|
\includegraphics[width=3.3in]{urukul_xo_phase_noise.jpg}
|
|
\caption{Phase noise of Urukul clocked by\\internal oscillator}
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
|
|
\begin{figure}[H]
|
|
\includegraphics[width=3.3in]{urukul_clock_phase_noise.jpg}
|
|
\caption{Phase noise of 200 MHz DDS Output}
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
|
|
\begin{figure}[H]
|
|
\includegraphics[width=3.3in]{urukul_harmonics.png}
|
|
\caption[]{Harmonic content of 200 MHz DDS Output\footnotemark}
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
|
|
\begin{figure}[H]
|
|
\includegraphics[width=3.3in]{urukul_6dbm_harmonics.png}
|
|
\caption{Harmonic content of 80 MHz DDS Output (6 dBm)\repeatfootnote{sinara354}}
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
|
|
\begin{figure}[H]
|
|
\includegraphics[width=3.3in]{urukul_10dbm_harmonics.png}
|
|
\caption{Harmonic content of 80 MHz DDS Output (10 dBm)\repeatfootnote{sinara354}}
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
|
|
\begin{figure}[H]
|
|
\includegraphics[width=3.3in]{rf_transient.jpg}
|
|
\caption{RF switch turn on transient\repeatfootnote{sinara354}}
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
|
|
\begin{figure}[H]
|
|
\includegraphics[width=3.3in]{nyquist_rejection_400mhz.png}
|
|
\caption{Nyquist rejection 400 MHz to 600 MHz\repeatfootnote{sinara354}}
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
|
|
\end{multicols}
|
|
|
|
\footnotetext{\label{urukul64}https://github.com/sinara-hw/Urukul/issues/64}
|
|
|
|
\begin{figure}[H]
|
|
\centering
|
|
\includegraphics[width=3.3in]{nyquist_rejection_450mhz.png}
|
|
\caption{Nyquist rejection 450 MHz to 550 MHz\repeatfootnote{sinara354}}
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
|
|
\begin{figure}[H]
|
|
\centering
|
|
\includegraphics[width=3.3in]{att_glitch_bitflip.png}
|
|
\caption{Attenuator step from 20 to 60 digital\\(16+4dB switch glitch)\repeatfootnote{sinara354}}
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
|
|
\begin{figure}[H]
|
|
\centering
|
|
\includegraphics[width=3.3in]{att_glitch_carry.png}
|
|
\caption{Attenuator step from 31 to 32 digital\\(major carry glitch)\repeatfootnote{sinara354}}
|
|
\end{figure}
|
|
|
|
\newpage
|
|
|
|
\section{Front Panel Drawings}
|
|
\begin{multicols}{2}
|
|
|
|
\begin{center}
|
|
\centering
|
|
\includegraphics[height=3in]{dds_drawings.pdf}
|
|
\captionof{figure}{4410 DDS Urukul front panel drawings}
|
|
\end{center}
|
|
|
|
\begin{center}
|
|
\captionof{table}{Bill of Material (Standalone)}
|
|
\tiny
|
|
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
|
|
\hline
|
|
Index & Part No. & Qty & Description \\ \hline
|
|
1 & 90498177 & 1 & FRONT PANEL 3U 4HP PIU TYPE2 \\ \hline
|
|
2 & 3020716 & 0.02 & SLEEVE GREY PLAS.M2.5 (100PCS) \\ \hline
|
|
3 & 3218843 & 2 & FP-ALIGNMENT PIN (LOCALIZATION) \\ \hline
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{center}
|
|
|
|
\columnbreak
|
|
|
|
\begin{center}
|
|
\centering
|
|
\includegraphics[height=3in]{dds_assembly.pdf}
|
|
\captionof{figure}{4410 DDS Urukul front panel assembly}
|
|
\end{center}
|
|
|
|
\begin{center}
|
|
\captionof{table}{Bill of Material (Assembled)}
|
|
\tiny
|
|
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
|
|
\hline
|
|
Index & Part No. & Qty & Description \\ \hline
|
|
1 & 90498177 & 1 & FP-LYKJ 3U4HP PANEL \\ \hline
|
|
2 & 3001012 & 2 & SCR M2.5*6 PAN PHL NI DIN7985 \\ \hline
|
|
3 & 3010110 & 0.02 & WASHER PLN.M2.7 DIN125 (100X) \\ \hline
|
|
4 & 3010124 & 0.1 & EMC GASKET FABRIC 3U (10PCS) \\ \hline
|
|
5 & 3033098 & 0.02 & SCREW COLLAR M2.5X12.3 (100X) \\ \hline
|
|
6 & 3040012 & 1 & HANDLE 4HP GREY PLASTIC \\ \hline
|
|
7 & 3040138 & 2 & PB HOLDER DIE-CAST \\ \hline
|
|
8 & 3201099 & 0.01 & SCR M2.5*8 OVL PHL ST NI 100EA \\ \hline
|
|
9 & 3207075 & 0.01 & SCR M2.5*12 PAN 100 21101-221 \\ \hline
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{center}
|
|
|
|
\end{multicols}
|
|
|
|
\newpage
|
|
\section{Urukul Mode Configurations}
|
|
Mode of operation is specified by a DIP switch.
|
|
The DIP switch can be found at the top right corner of the card.
|
|
The following table summarizes the required setting for each mode.
|
|
\ding{51} indicates ON, while \ding{53} indicates OFF.
|
|
|
|
\begin{multicols}{2}
|
|
|
|
\begin{center}
|
|
\captionof{table}{DIP switch configurations}
|
|
\begin{tabular}{|l|cccc|}
|
|
\hline
|
|
\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{Mode}} & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{DIP Switch} \\ \cline{2-5}
|
|
\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{1} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{2} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{3} & 4 \\ \hline
|
|
Default & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{53}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{53}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{53}} & \ding{53} \\ \hline
|
|
SU-Servo & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{53}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{51}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{53}} & \ding{53} \\ \hline
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{center}
|
|
|
|
\columnbreak
|
|
|
|
\begin{center}
|
|
\centering
|
|
\includegraphics[height=1.5in]{urukul_dip_switch.jpg}
|
|
\captionof{figure}{Position of DIP switch}
|
|
\end{center}
|
|
|
|
\end{multicols}
|
|
|
|
\section{Urukul 1-EEM/2-EEM Modes}
|
|
4410/4412 DDS Urukul can operate with either 1 or 2 EEM connections.
|
|
It is in 1-EEM mode when only EEM0 is connected, 2-EEM mode when both EEM0 \& EEM1 are connected.
|
|
2-EEM mode provides these additional features in comparison to 1-EEM mode.
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item 1 ns temporal resolution RF switches \\
|
|
Without EEM1, the only way to access the switches is through the CPLD using SPI. \\
|
|
With EEM1, RF switches can be controlled as a TTL output through the LVDS transceiver.
|
|
1 ns temporal resolution is achieved using the ARTIQ RTIO system.
|
|
|
|
\item SU-Servo (4410 DDS Urukul feature) \\
|
|
SU-Servo requires both EEM0 \& EEM1 to control multiple DDS channels simultaneously using the QSPI interface.
|
|
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
\newpage
|
|
|
|
\section{Example ARTIQ code}
|
|
The sections below demonstrate simple usage scenarios of the 4410/4412 DDS Urukul card with the ARTIQ control system.
|
|
They do not exhaustively demonstrate all the features of the ARTIQ system.
|
|
The full documentation for the ARTIQ software and gateware is available at \url{https://m-labs.hk}.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{10 MHz Sinusoidal Wave}
|
|
Generate a 10MHz sinusoid from RF0 with full scale amplitude, attenuated by 6 dB.
|
|
Both the CPLD and the DDS channels should be initialized.
|
|
By default, AD9910 single-tone profiles are programmed to profile 7.
|
|
|
|
\inputcolorboxminted{firstline=11,lastline=18}{examples/dds.py}
|
|
|
|
If the synchronization feature of AD9910 was enabled, RF signal across different channels of the same Urukul can be synchronized.
|
|
For example, phase-coherent RF signal can be produced on both channel 0 and channel 1 after configuring an appropriate phase mode.
|
|
|
|
\inputcolorboxminted{firstline=28,lastline=43}{examples/dds.py}
|
|
|
|
Note that the phase difference between the 2 channels might not be exactly 0.25 turns, but it is a constant.
|
|
It can be negated by adjusting the \texttt{phase} parameter.
|
|
|
|
\newpage
|
|
\subsection{Periodic RF pulse (AD9910 Only)}
|
|
This examples demonstrates that the RF signal can be modulated by amplitude using the RAM modulation feature of AD9910.
|
|
By default, RAM profiles are programmed to profile 0.
|
|
|
|
\inputcolorboxminted{firstline=53,lastline=91}{examples/dds.py}
|
|
|
|
The generated RF output of the above example consists of the following features in sequence:
|
|
\begin{enumerate}
|
|
\item A 5 MHz RF pulse for 2 microseconds.
|
|
\item No signal for 1 microseconds.
|
|
\item A 5 MHz RF pulse for 1 microseconds.
|
|
\item No signal for 3 microseconds.
|
|
\item Go back to item 1.
|
|
\end{enumerate}
|
|
The expected waveform is plotted on the following figure.
|
|
Note that phase of the RF pulses may drift gradually.
|
|
Urukul was operated with a 50$\Omega$ termination to produce the waveform.
|
|
|
|
\begin{tikzpicture}[
|
|
declare function={
|
|
func(\x)= (\x<0) * (0) +
|
|
and(\x>=0, \x<2) * (0.42*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) +
|
|
and(\x>=2, \x<3) * (0) +
|
|
and(\x>=3, \x<4) * (0.42*cos(deg(10*pi*\x)))) +
|
|
and(\x>=4, \x<7) * (0) +
|
|
and(\x>=7, \x<7.5) * (0.42*cos(deg(10*pi*\x)));
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
\begin{axis}[
|
|
axis x line=middle, axis y line=middle,
|
|
every axis x label/.style={
|
|
at={(ticklabel* cs:1.05)},
|
|
anchor=west,
|
|
},
|
|
every axis y label/.style={
|
|
at={(ticklabel* cs:1.05)},
|
|
anchor=south,
|
|
},
|
|
height=5cm,
|
|
width=16cm,
|
|
ymin=-0.5, ymax=0.5, ytick={-0.42,0.42}, ylabel=Voltage ($V$),
|
|
xmin=-0.5, xmax=7.5, xtick={0,...,7}, xlabel=Time ($\mu s$),
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
\addplot[blue, samples=1000, domain=-0.5:7.5]{func(x)};
|
|
\end{axis}
|
|
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Simple Amplitude Ramp (AD9910 Only)}
|
|
An amplitude ramp of an RF signal can be generated by modifying the \texttt{self.amp} array in the previous example.
|
|
|
|
\inputcolorboxminted{firstline=95,lastline=98}{examples/dds.py}
|
|
|
|
The generated RF output has an incrementing amplitude scale factor (ASF), increasing by 0.1 at every microsecond.
|
|
Once the ASF reaches 1.0, it drops back to 0.0 at the next microsecond.
|
|
The expected waveform over 1 cycle is plotted on the following figure.
|
|
Note that phase of the RF pulses may drift gradually.
|
|
Urukul was operated with a 50$\Omega$ termination to produce the waveform.
|
|
|
|
\begin{tikzpicture}[
|
|
declare function={
|
|
func(\x)= and(\x>=0, \x<1) * (0) +
|
|
and(\x>=1, \x<2) * (0.05*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) +
|
|
and(\x>=2, \x<3) * (0.1*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) +
|
|
and(\x>=3, \x<4) * (0.15*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) +
|
|
and(\x>=4, \x<5) * (0.2*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) +
|
|
and(\x>=5, \x<6) * (0.25*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) +
|
|
and(\x>=6, \x<7) * (0.3*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) +
|
|
and(\x>=7, \x<8) * (0.35*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) +
|
|
and(\x>=8, \x<9) * (0.4*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) +
|
|
and(\x>=9, \x<10) * (0.45*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) +
|
|
and(\x>=10, \x<11) * (0.5*cos(deg(10*pi*\x)));
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
\begin{axis}[
|
|
axis x line=middle, axis y line=middle,
|
|
every axis x label/.style={
|
|
at={(ticklabel* cs:1.05)},
|
|
anchor=west,
|
|
},
|
|
every axis y label/.style={
|
|
at={(ticklabel* cs:1.05)},
|
|
anchor=south,
|
|
},
|
|
minor tick num=4,
|
|
grid=both,
|
|
height=8cm,
|
|
width=16cm,
|
|
ymin=-0.7, ymax=0.7, ytick={-0.5,...,0,...,0.5}, ylabel=Voltage ($V$),
|
|
xmin=0, xmax=11.5, xtick={0,...,11}, xlabel=Time ($\mu s$),
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
\addplot[blue, samples=1500, domain=0:11]{func(x)};
|
|
\end{axis}
|
|
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
|
|
\newpage
|
|
|
|
\subsection{RAM Synchronization (AD9910 Only)}
|
|
Multiple RAM channels can also be synchronized.
|
|
Similar to the 10 MHz single-tone RF signals, specify \texttt{phase} when calling \texttt{dds.set()} in \texttt{configure\char`_ram\char`_mode}.
|
|
For example, set phase to 0 for the channels (\texttt{phase=0.0}).
|
|
|
|
\inputcolorboxminted{firstline=116,lastline=116}{examples/dds.py}
|
|
|
|
Then, replace the \texttt{run()} function with the following.
|
|
|
|
\inputcolorboxminted{firstline=122,lastline=134}{examples/dds.py}
|
|
|
|
Two phase-coherent RF signal with the same waveform as the previous figure (from either RAM examples) should be generated.
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Voltage-controlled DDS Amplitude (SU-Servo Only)}
|
|
The SU-Servo feature can be enabled by integrating the 4410 DDS Urukul with a 5108 Sampler.
|
|
Amplitude of the DDS output can be controlled by the ADC input of the Sampler through PI control, characterised by the following transfer function.
|
|
\[H(s)=k_p+\frac{k_i}{s+\frac{k_i}{g}}\]
|
|
In the following example, the amplitude of DDS is proportional to the ADC input from Sampler.
|
|
First, initialize the RTIO, SU-Servo and its channel.
|
|
Note that the programmable gain of the Sampler is $10^0=1$, the input range is [-10V, 10V].
|
|
|
|
\inputcolorboxminted{firstline=10,lastline=17}{examples/suservo.py}
|
|
|
|
Next, setup the PI control as an IIR filter. It has -1 proportional gain $k_p$ and no integrator gain $k_i$.
|
|
|
|
\inputcolorboxminted{firstline=18,lastline=25}{examples/suservo.py}
|
|
|
|
Then, configure the DDS frequency to 10 MHz with 3V input offset.
|
|
When input voltage $\geq$ offset voltage, the DDS output amplitude is 0.
|
|
|
|
\inputcolorboxminted{firstline=26,lastline=30}{examples/suservo.py}
|
|
|
|
SU-Servo encodes the ADC voltage in a linear scale [-1, 1].
|
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Therefore, 3V is converted to 0.3.
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Note that the ASF of all DDS channels are capped at 1.0, the amplitude clips when ADC input $\leq -7V$ with the above IIR filter.
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Finally, enable the SU-Servo channel with the IIR filter programmed beforehand.
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\inputcolorboxminted{firstline=32,lastline=33}{examples/suservo.py}
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A 10 MHz DDS signal is generated from the example above, with amplitude controllable by ADC.
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The RMS voltage of the DDS channel against the ADC voltage is plotted.
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The DDS channel is terminated with 50\textOmega.
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tikzpicture}[
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declare function={
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func(\x)= and(\x>=-10, \x<-7) * (160) +
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and(\x>=-7, \x<3) * (16*(3-x)) +
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and(\x>=3, \x<10) * (0);
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}
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]
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\begin{axis}[
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axis x line=middle, axis y line=middle,
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every axis x label/.style={
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at={(axis description cs:0.5,-0.1)},
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anchor=north,
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},
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every axis y label/.style={
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at={(ticklabel* cs:1.05)},
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anchor=south,
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|
},
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|
minor x tick num=3,
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|
grid=both,
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|
height=8cm,
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|
width=12cm,
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ymin=-5, ymax=180, ytick={0,16,...,160}, ylabel=DDS RMS Voltage ($mV_{rms}$),
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xmin=-10, xmax=10, xtick={-10,-8,...,10}, xlabel=Sampler Voltage ($V$),
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]
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|
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\addplot[very thick, blue, samples=21, domain=-10:10]{func(x)};
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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|
\end{center}
|
|
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DDS signal should be attenuated.
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|
High output power affects the linearity due to the 1 dB compression point of the amplifier at 13 dBm output power.
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|
15 dB attenuation at the digital attenuator was applied in this example.
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|
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\section{Ordering Information}
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To order, please visit \url{https://m-labs.hk} and select the 4410 DDS Urukul in the ARTIQ Sinara crate configuration tool.
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The default chip is AD9910 (4410 DDS Urukul), which supports more features.
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If you need the higher frequency resolution of the AD9912 (4412 DDS Urukul), leave us a note when placing the order.
|
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To enable SU-Servo feature between 4410 Urukul and 5108 Sampler, specify that SU-Servo is to be integrated into the gateware when placing the order.
|
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The cards may also be ordered separately by writing to \url{mailto:sales@m-labs.hk}.
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\section*{}
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\vspace*{\fill}
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|
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\begin{footnotesize}
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Information furnished by M-Labs Limited is provided in good faith in the hope that it will be useful. However, no responsibility is assumed by M-Labs Limited for its use. Specifications may be subject to change without notice.
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\end{footnotesize}
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|
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\end{document}
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