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artiq/artiq/coredevice/phaser.py

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from numpy import int32, int64
from artiq.language.core import kernel, delay_mu, delay
from artiq.coredevice.rtio import rtio_output, rtio_input_data, rtio_input_timestamp
from artiq.language.units import us, ns, ms, MHz
from artiq.language.types import TInt32
from artiq.coredevice.dac34h84 import DAC34H84
from artiq.coredevice.trf372017 import TRF372017
PHASER_BOARD_ID = 19
PHASER_GW_BASE = 1
PHASER_GW_MIQRO = 2
PHASER_ADDR_BOARD_ID = 0x00
PHASER_ADDR_HW_REV = 0x01
PHASER_ADDR_GW_REV = 0x02
PHASER_ADDR_CFG = 0x03
PHASER_ADDR_STA = 0x04
PHASER_ADDR_CRC_ERR = 0x05
PHASER_ADDR_LED = 0x06
PHASER_ADDR_FAN = 0x07
PHASER_ADDR_DUC_STB = 0x08
PHASER_ADDR_ADC_CFG = 0x09
PHASER_ADDR_SPI_CFG = 0x0a
PHASER_ADDR_SPI_DIVLEN = 0x0b
PHASER_ADDR_SPI_SEL = 0x0c
PHASER_ADDR_SPI_DATW = 0x0d
PHASER_ADDR_SPI_DATR = 0x0e
PHASER_ADDR_SYNC_DLY = 0x0f
PHASER_ADDR_DUC0_CFG = 0x10
# PHASER_ADDR_DUC0_RESERVED0 = 0x11
PHASER_ADDR_DUC0_F = 0x12
PHASER_ADDR_DUC0_P = 0x16
PHASER_ADDR_DAC0_DATA = 0x18
PHASER_ADDR_DAC0_TEST = 0x1c
PHASER_ADDR_DUC1_CFG = 0x20
# PHASER_ADDR_DUC1_RESERVED0 = 0x21
PHASER_ADDR_DUC1_F = 0x22
PHASER_ADDR_DUC1_P = 0x26
PHASER_ADDR_DAC1_DATA = 0x28
PHASER_ADDR_DAC1_TEST = 0x2c
# servo registers
PHASER_ADDR_SERVO_CFG0 = 0x30
PHASER_ADDR_SERVO_CFG1 = 0x31
# 0x32 - 0x71 servo coefficients + offset data
PHASER_ADDR_SERVO_DATA_BASE = 0x32
# 0x72 - 0x78 Miqro channel profile/window memories
PHASER_ADDR_MIQRO_MEM_ADDR = 0x72
PHASER_ADDR_MIQRO_MEM_DATA = 0x74
# Miqro profile memory select
PHASER_MIQRO_SEL_PROFILE = 1 << 14
PHASER_SEL_DAC = 1 << 0
PHASER_SEL_TRF0 = 1 << 1
PHASER_SEL_TRF1 = 1 << 2
PHASER_SEL_ATT0 = 1 << 3
PHASER_SEL_ATT1 = 1 << 4
PHASER_STA_DAC_ALARM = 1 << 0
PHASER_STA_TRF0_LD = 1 << 1
PHASER_STA_TRF1_LD = 1 << 2
PHASER_STA_TERM0 = 1 << 3
PHASER_STA_TERM1 = 1 << 4
PHASER_STA_SPI_IDLE = 1 << 5
PHASER_DAC_SEL_DUC = 0
PHASER_DAC_SEL_TEST = 1
PHASER_HW_REV_VARIANT = 1 << 4
SERVO_COEFF_WIDTH = 16
SERVO_DATA_WIDTH = 16
SERVO_COEFF_SHIFT = 14
SERVO_T_CYCLE = (32+12+192+24+4)*ns # Must match gateware ADC parameters
class Phaser:
"""Phaser 4-channel, 16-bit, 1 GS/s DAC coredevice driver.
Phaser contains a 4 channel, 1 GS/s DAC chip with integrated upconversion,
quadrature modulation compensation and interpolation features.
The coredevice RTIO PHY and the Phaser gateware come in different modes
that have different features. Phaser mode and coredevice PHY mode are both
selected at their respective gateware compile-time and need to match.
=============== ============== ===================================
Phaser gateware Coredevice PHY Features per :class:`PhaserChannel`
=============== ============== ===================================
Base <= v0.5 Base Base (5 :class:`PhaserOscillator`)
Base >= v0.6 Base Base + Servo
Miqro >= v0.6 Miqro :class:`Miqro`
=============== ============== ===================================
The coredevice driver (this class and :class:`PhaserChannel`) exposes
the superset of all functionality regardless of the Coredevice RTIO PHY
or Phaser gateware modes. This is to evade type unification limitations.
Features absent in Coredevice PHY/Phaser gateware will not work and
should not be accessed.
**Base mode**
The coredevice produces 2 IQ (in-phase and quadrature) data streams with 25
MS/s and 14 bit per quadrature. Each data stream supports 5 independent
numerically controlled IQ oscillators (NCOs, DDSs with 32 bit frequency, 16
bit phase, 15 bit amplitude, and phase accumulator clear functionality)
added together. See :class:`PhaserChannel` and :class:`PhaserOscillator`.
Together with a data clock, framing marker, a checksum and metadata for
register access the streams are sent in groups of 8 samples over 1.5 Gb/s
FastLink via a single EEM connector from coredevice to Phaser.
On Phaser in the FPGA the data streams are buffered and interpolated
from 25 MS/s to 500 MS/s 16 bit followed by a 500 MS/s digital upconverter
with adjustable frequency and phase. The interpolation passband is 20 MHz
wide, passband ripple is less than 1e-3 amplitude, stopband attenuation
is better than 75 dB at offsets > 15 MHz and better than 90 dB at offsets
> 30 MHz.
The four 16 bit 500 MS/s DAC data streams are sent via a 32 bit parallel
LVDS bus operating at 1 Gb/s per pin pair and processed in the DAC (Texas
Instruments DAC34H84). On the DAC 2x interpolation, sinx/x compensation,
quadrature modulator compensation, fine and coarse mixing as well as group
delay capabilities are available. If desired, these features my be
configured via the `dac` dictionary.
The latency/group delay from the RTIO events setting
:class:`PhaserOscillator` or :class:`PhaserChannel` DUC parameters all the
way to the DAC outputs is deterministic. This enables deterministic
absolute phase with respect to other RTIO input and output events
(see `get_next_frame_mu()`).
**Miqro mode**
See :class:`Miqro`
Here the DAC operates in 4x interpolation.
**Analog flow**
The four analog DAC outputs are passed through anti-aliasing filters.
In the baseband variant, the even/in-phase DAC channels feed 31.5 dB range
attenuators and are available on the front panel. The odd outputs are
available at MMCX connectors on board.
In the upconverter variant, each IQ output pair feeds one quadrature
upconverter (Texas Instruments TRF372017) with integrated PLL/VCO. This
digitally configured analog quadrature upconverter supports offset tuning
for carrier and sideband suppression. The output from the upconverter
passes through the 31.5 dB range step attenuator and is available at the
front panel.
The DAC, the analog quadrature upconverters and the attenuators are
configured through a shared SPI bus that is accessed and controlled via
FPGA registers.
**Servo**
Each phaser output channel features a servo to control the RF output amplitude
using feedback from an ADC. The servo consists of a first order IIR (infinite
impulse response) filter fed by the ADC and a multiplier that scales the I
and Q datastreams from the DUC by the IIR output. The IIR state is updated at
the 3.788 MHz ADC sampling rate.
Each channel IIR features 4 profiles, each consisting of the [b0, b1, a1] filter
coefficients as well as an output offset. The coefficients and offset can be
set for each profile individually and the profiles each have their own ``y0``,
``y1`` output registers (the ``x0``, ``x1`` inputs are shared). To avoid
transient effects, care should be taken to not update the coefficents in the
currently selected profile.
The servo can be en- or disabled for each channel. When disabled, the servo
output multiplier is simply bypassed and the datastream reaches the DAC unscaled.
The IIR output can be put on hold for each channel. In hold mode, the filter
still ingests samples and updates its input ``x0`` and ``x1`` registers, but
does not update the ``y0``, ``y1`` output registers.
After power-up the servo is disabled, in profile 0, with coefficients [0, 0, 0]
and hold is enabled. If older gateware without ther servo is loaded onto the
Phaser FPGA, the device simply behaves as if the servo is disabled and none of
the servo functions have any effect.
.. note:: Various register settings of the DAC and the quadrature
upconverters are available to be modified through the `dac`, `trf0`,
`trf1` dictionaries. These can be set through the device database
(`device_db.py`). The settings are frozen during instantiation of the
class and applied during `init()`. See the :class:`DAC34H84` and
:class:`TRF372017` source for details.
.. note:: To establish deterministic latency between RTIO time base and DAC
output, the DAC FIFO read pointer value (`fifo_offset`) must be
fixed. If `tune_fifo_offset=True` (the default) a value with maximum
margin is determined automatically by `dac_tune_fifo_offset` each time
`init()` is called. This value should be used for the `fifo_offset` key
of the `dac` settings of Phaser in `device_db.py` and automatic
tuning should be disabled by `tune_fifo_offset=False`.
:param channel: Base RTIO channel number
:param core_device: Core device name (default: "core")
:param miso_delay: Fastlink MISO signal delay to account for cable
and buffer round trip. Tuning this might be automated later.
:param tune_fifo_offset: Tune the DAC FIFO read pointer offset
(default=True)
:param clk_sel: Select the external SMA clock input (1 or 0)
:param sync_dly: SYNC delay with respect to ISTR.
:param dac: DAC34H84 DAC settings as a dictionary.
:param trf0: Channel 0 TRF372017 quadrature upconverter settings as a
dictionary.
:param trf1: Channel 1 TRF372017 quadrature upconverter settings as a
dictionary.
Attributes:
* :attr:`channel`: List of two :class:`PhaserChannel`
To access oscillators, digital upconverters, PLL/VCO analog
quadrature upconverters and attenuators.
"""
kernel_invariants = {"core", "channel_base", "t_frame", "miso_delay",
"dac_mmap"}
def __init__(self, dmgr, channel_base, miso_delay=1, tune_fifo_offset=True,
clk_sel=0, sync_dly=0, dac=None, trf0=None, trf1=None, gw_rev=PHASER_GW_BASE,
core_device="core"):
self.channel_base = channel_base
self.core = dmgr.get(core_device)
# TODO: auto-align miso-delay in phy
self.miso_delay = miso_delay
# frame duration in mu (10 words, 8 clock cycles each 4 ns)
# self.core.seconds_to_mu(10*8*4*ns) # unfortunately this returns 319
assert self.core.ref_period == 1*ns
self.t_frame = 10*8*4
self.frame_tstamp = int64(0)
self.clk_sel = clk_sel
self.tune_fifo_offset = tune_fifo_offset
self.sync_dly = sync_dly
self.gw_rev = gw_rev # verified in init()
self.dac_mmap = DAC34H84(dac).get_mmap()
self.channel = [PhaserChannel(self, ch, trf)
for ch, trf in enumerate([trf0, trf1])]
@staticmethod
def get_rtio_channels(channel_base, gw_rev=PHASER_GW_BASE, **kwargs):
if gw_rev == PHASER_GW_MIQRO:
return [(channel_base, "base"), (channel_base + 1, "ch0"), (channel_base + 2, "ch1")]
elif gw_rev == PHASER_GW_BASE:
return [(channel_base, "base"),
(channel_base + 1, "ch0 frequency"),
(channel_base + 2, "ch0 phase amplitude"),
(channel_base + 3, "ch1 frequency"),
(channel_base + 4, "ch1 phase amplitude")]
raise ValueError("invalid gw_rev `{}`".format(gw_rev))
@kernel
def init(self, debug=False):
"""Initialize the board.
Verifies board and chip presence, resets components, performs
communication and configuration tests and establishes initial
conditions.
"""
board_id = self.read8(PHASER_ADDR_BOARD_ID)
if board_id != PHASER_BOARD_ID:
raise ValueError("invalid board id")
delay(.1*ms) # slack
hw_rev = self.read8(PHASER_ADDR_HW_REV)
delay(.1*ms) # slack
is_baseband = hw_rev & PHASER_HW_REV_VARIANT
gw_rev = self.read8(PHASER_ADDR_GW_REV)
if debug:
print("gw_rev:", self.gw_rev)
self.core.break_realtime()
assert gw_rev == self.gw_rev
delay(.1*ms) # slack
# allow a few errors during startup and alignment since boot
if self.get_crc_err() > 20:
raise ValueError("large number of frame CRC errors")
delay(.1*ms) # slack
# determine the origin for frame-aligned timestamps
self.measure_frame_timestamp()
if self.frame_tstamp < 0:
raise ValueError("frame timestamp measurement timed out")
delay(.1*ms)
# reset
self.set_cfg(dac_resetb=0, dac_sleep=1, dac_txena=0,
trf0_ps=1, trf1_ps=1,
att0_rstn=0, att1_rstn=0)
self.set_leds(0x00)
self.set_fan_mu(0)
# bring dac out of reset, keep tx off
self.set_cfg(clk_sel=self.clk_sel, dac_txena=0,
trf0_ps=1, trf1_ps=1,
att0_rstn=0, att1_rstn=0)
delay(.1*ms) # slack
# crossing dac_clk (reference) edges with sync_dly
# changes the optimal fifo_offset by 4
self.set_sync_dly(self.sync_dly)
# 4 wire SPI, sif4_enable
self.dac_write(0x02, 0x0080)
if self.dac_read(0x7f) != 0x5409:
raise ValueError("DAC version readback invalid")
delay(.1*ms)
if self.dac_read(0x00) != 0x049c:
raise ValueError("DAC config0 reset readback invalid")
delay(.1*ms)
t = self.get_dac_temperature()
delay(.1*ms)
if t < 10 or t > 90:
raise ValueError("DAC temperature out of bounds")
for data in self.dac_mmap:
self.dac_write(data >> 16, data)
delay(120*us)
self.dac_sync()
delay(40*us)
# pll_ndivsync_ena disable
config18 = self.dac_read(0x18)
delay(.1*ms)
self.dac_write(0x18, config18 & ~0x0800)
patterns = [
[0xf05a, 0x05af, 0x5af0, 0xaf05], # test channel/iq/byte/nibble
[0x7a7a, 0xb6b6, 0xeaea, 0x4545], # datasheet pattern a
[0x1a1a, 0x1616, 0xaaaa, 0xc6c6], # datasheet pattern b
]
# A data delay of 2*50 ps heuristically and reproducibly matches
# FPGA+board+DAC skews. There is plenty of margin (>= 250 ps
# either side) and no need to tune at runtime.
# Parity provides another level of safety.
for i in range(len(patterns)):
delay(.5*ms)
errors = self.dac_iotest(patterns[i])
if errors:
raise ValueError("DAC iotest failure")
delay(2*ms) # let it settle
lvolt = self.dac_read(0x18) & 7
delay(.1*ms)
if lvolt < 2 or lvolt > 5:
raise ValueError("DAC PLL lock failed, check clocking")
if self.tune_fifo_offset:
fifo_offset = self.dac_tune_fifo_offset()
if debug:
print("fifo_offset:", fifo_offset)
self.core.break_realtime()
# self.dac_write(0x20, 0x0000) # stop fifo sync
# alarm = self.get_sta() & 1
# delay(.1*ms)
self.clear_dac_alarms()
delay(2*ms) # let it run a bit
alarms = self.get_dac_alarms()
delay(.1*ms) # slack
if alarms & ~0x0040: # ignore PLL alarms (see DS)
if debug:
print("alarms:", alarms)
self.core.break_realtime()
# ignore alarms
else:
raise ValueError("DAC alarm")
# avoid malformed output for: mixer_ena=1, nco_ena=0 after power up
self.dac_write(self.dac_mmap[2] >> 16, self.dac_mmap[2] | (1 << 4))
delay(40*us)
self.dac_sync()
delay(100*us)
self.dac_write(self.dac_mmap[2] >> 16, self.dac_mmap[2])
delay(40*us)
self.dac_sync()
delay(100*us)
# power up trfs, release att reset
self.set_cfg(clk_sel=self.clk_sel, dac_txena=0)
for ch in range(2):
channel = self.channel[ch]
# test attenuator write and readback
channel.set_att_mu(0x5a)
if channel.get_att_mu() != 0x5a:
raise ValueError("attenuator test failed")
delay(.1*ms)
channel.set_att_mu(0x00) # maximum attenuation
channel.set_servo(profile=0, enable=0, hold=1)
if self.gw_rev == PHASER_GW_BASE:
# test oscillators and DUC
for i in range(len(channel.oscillator)):
oscillator = channel.oscillator[i]
asf = 0
if i == 0:
asf = 0x7fff
# 6pi/4 phase
oscillator.set_amplitude_phase_mu(asf=asf, pow=0xc000, clr=1)
delay(1*us)
# 3pi/4
channel.set_duc_phase_mu(0x6000)
channel.set_duc_cfg(select=0, clr=1)
self.duc_stb()
delay(.1*ms) # settle link, pipeline and impulse response
data = channel.get_dac_data()
delay(1*us)
channel.oscillator[0].set_amplitude_phase_mu(asf=0, pow=0xc000,
clr=1)
delay(.1*ms)
sqrt2 = 0x5a81 # 0x7fff/sqrt(2)
data_i = data & 0xffff
data_q = (data >> 16) & 0xffff
# allow ripple
if (data_i < sqrt2 - 30 or data_i > sqrt2 or
abs(data_i - data_q) > 2):
raise ValueError("DUC+oscillator phase/amplitude test failed")
if self.gw_rev == PHASER_GW_MIQRO:
channel.miqro.reset()
if is_baseband:
continue
if channel.trf_read(0) & 0x7f != 0x68:
raise ValueError("TRF identification failed")
delay(.1*ms)
delay(.2*ms)
for data in channel.trf_mmap:
channel.trf_write(data)
channel.cal_trf_vco()
delay(2*ms) # lock
if not (self.get_sta() & (PHASER_STA_TRF0_LD << ch)):
raise ValueError("TRF lock failure")
delay(.1*ms)
if channel.trf_read(0) & 0x1000:
raise ValueError("TRF R_SAT_ERR")
delay(.1*ms)
channel.en_trf_out()
# enable dac tx
self.set_cfg(clk_sel=self.clk_sel)
@kernel
def write8(self, addr, data):
"""Write data to FPGA register.
:param addr: Address to write to (7 bit)
:param data: Data to write (8 bit)
"""
rtio_output((self.channel_base << 8) | (addr & 0x7f) | 0x80, data)
delay_mu(int64(self.t_frame))
@kernel
def read8(self, addr) -> TInt32:
"""Read from FPGA register.
:param addr: Address to read from (7 bit)
:return: Data read (8 bit)
"""
rtio_output((self.channel_base << 8) | (addr & 0x7f), 0)
response = rtio_input_data(self.channel_base)
return response >> self.miso_delay
@kernel
def write16(self, addr, data: TInt32):
"""Write 16 bit to a sequence of FPGA registers."""
self.write8(addr, data >> 8)
self.write8(addr + 1, data)
@kernel
def write32(self, addr, data: TInt32):
"""Write 32 bit to a sequence of FPGA registers."""
for offset in range(4):
byte = data >> 24
self.write8(addr + offset, byte)
data <<= 8
@kernel
def read32(self, addr) -> TInt32:
"""Read 32 bit from a sequence of FPGA registers."""
data = 0
for offset in range(4):
data <<= 8
data |= self.read8(addr + offset)
delay(20*us) # slack
return data
@kernel
def set_leds(self, leds):
"""Set the front panel LEDs.
:param leds: LED settings (6 bit)
"""
self.write8(PHASER_ADDR_LED, leds)
@kernel
def set_fan_mu(self, pwm):
"""Set the fan duty cycle.
:param pwm: Duty cycle in machine units (8 bit)
"""
self.write8(PHASER_ADDR_FAN, pwm)
@kernel
def set_fan(self, duty):
"""Set the fan duty cycle.
:param duty: Duty cycle (0. to 1.)
"""
pwm = int32(round(duty*255.))
if pwm < 0 or pwm > 255:
raise ValueError("duty cycle out of bounds")
self.set_fan_mu(pwm)
@kernel
def set_cfg(self, clk_sel=0, dac_resetb=1, dac_sleep=0, dac_txena=1,
trf0_ps=0, trf1_ps=0, att0_rstn=1, att1_rstn=1):
"""Set the configuration register.
Each flag is a single bit (0 or 1).
:param clk_sel: Select the external SMA clock input
:param dac_resetb: Active low DAC reset pin
:param dac_sleep: DAC sleep pin
:param dac_txena: Enable DAC transmission pin
:param trf0_ps: Quadrature upconverter 0 power save
:param trf1_ps: Quadrature upconverter 1 power save
:param att0_rstn: Active low attenuator 0 reset
:param att1_rstn: Active low attenuator 1 reset
"""
self.write8(PHASER_ADDR_CFG,
((clk_sel & 1) << 0) | ((dac_resetb & 1) << 1) |
((dac_sleep & 1) << 2) | ((dac_txena & 1) << 3) |
((trf0_ps & 1) << 4) | ((trf1_ps & 1) << 5) |
((att0_rstn & 1) << 6) | ((att1_rstn & 1) << 7))
@kernel
def get_sta(self):
"""Get the status register value.
Bit flags are:
* :const:`PHASER_STA_DAC_ALARM`: DAC alarm pin
* :const:`PHASER_STA_TRF0_LD`: Quadrature upconverter 0 lock detect
* :const:`PHASER_STA_TRF1_LD`: Quadrature upconverter 1 lock detect
* :const:`PHASER_STA_TERM0`: ADC channel 0 termination indicator
* :const:`PHASER_STA_TERM1`: ADC channel 1 termination indicator
* :const:`PHASER_STA_SPI_IDLE`: SPI machine is idle and data registers can be read/written
:return: Status register
"""
return self.read8(PHASER_ADDR_STA)
@kernel
def get_crc_err(self):
"""Get the frame CRC error counter.
:return: The number of frames with CRC mismatches sind the reset of the
device. Overflows at 256.
"""
return self.read8(PHASER_ADDR_CRC_ERR)
@kernel
def measure_frame_timestamp(self):
"""Measure the timestamp of an arbitrary frame and store it in `self.frame_tstamp`.
To be used as reference for aligning updates to the FastLink frames.
See `get_next_frame_mu()`.
"""
rtio_output(self.channel_base << 8, 0) # read any register
self.frame_tstamp = rtio_input_timestamp(now_mu() + 4 * self.t_frame, self.channel_base)
delay(100 * us)
@kernel
def get_next_frame_mu(self):
"""Return the timestamp of the frame strictly after `now_mu()`.
Register updates (DUC, DAC, TRF, etc.) scheduled at this timestamp and multiples
of `self.t_frame` later will have deterministic latency to output.
"""
n = int64((now_mu() - self.frame_tstamp) / self.t_frame)
return self.frame_tstamp + (n + 1) * self.t_frame
@kernel
def set_sync_dly(self, dly):
"""Set SYNC delay.
:param dly: DAC SYNC delay setting (0 to 7)
"""
if dly < 0 or dly > 7:
raise ValueError("SYNC delay out of bounds")
self.write8(PHASER_ADDR_SYNC_DLY, dly)
@kernel
def duc_stb(self):
"""Strobe the DUC configuration register update.
Transfer staging to active registers.
This affects both DUC channels.
"""
self.write8(PHASER_ADDR_DUC_STB, 0)
@kernel
def spi_cfg(self, select, div, end, clk_phase=0, clk_polarity=0,
half_duplex=0, lsb_first=0, offline=0, length=8):
"""Set the SPI machine configuration
:param select: Chip selects to assert (DAC, TRF0, TRF1, ATT0, ATT1)
:param div: SPI clock divider relative to 250 MHz fabric clock
:param end: Whether to end the SPI transaction and deassert chip select
:param clk_phase: SPI clock phase (sample on first or second edge)
:param clk_polarity: SPI clock polarity (idle low or high)
:param half_duplex: Read MISO data from MOSI wire
:param lsb_first: Transfer the least significant bit first
:param offline: Put the SPI interfaces offline and don't drive voltages
:param length: SPI transfer length (1 to 8 bits)
"""
if div < 2 or div > 257:
raise ValueError("divider out of bounds")
if length < 1 or length > 8:
raise ValueError("length out of bounds")
self.write8(PHASER_ADDR_SPI_SEL, select)
self.write8(PHASER_ADDR_SPI_DIVLEN, (div - 2 >> 3) | (length - 1 << 5))
self.write8(PHASER_ADDR_SPI_CFG,
((offline & 1) << 0) | ((end & 1) << 1) |
((clk_phase & 1) << 2) | ((clk_polarity & 1) << 3) |
((half_duplex & 1) << 4) | ((lsb_first & 1) << 5))
@kernel
def spi_write(self, data):
"""Write 8 bits into the SPI data register and start/continue the
transaction."""
self.write8(PHASER_ADDR_SPI_DATW, data)
@kernel
def spi_read(self):
"""Read from the SPI input data register."""
return self.read8(PHASER_ADDR_SPI_DATR)
@kernel
def dac_write(self, addr, data):
"""Write 16 bit to a DAC register.
:param addr: Register address
:param data: Register data to write
"""
div = 34 # 100 ns min period
t_xfer = self.core.seconds_to_mu((8 + 1)*div*4*ns)
self.spi_cfg(select=PHASER_SEL_DAC, div=div, end=0)
self.spi_write(addr)
delay_mu(t_xfer)
self.spi_write(data >> 8)
delay_mu(t_xfer)
self.spi_cfg(select=PHASER_SEL_DAC, div=div, end=1)
self.spi_write(data)
delay_mu(t_xfer)
@kernel
def dac_read(self, addr, div=34) -> TInt32:
"""Read from a DAC register.
:param addr: Register address to read from
:param div: SPI clock divider. Needs to be at least 250 (1 µs SPI
clock) to read the temperature register.
"""
t_xfer = self.core.seconds_to_mu((8 + 1)*div*4*ns)
self.spi_cfg(select=PHASER_SEL_DAC, div=div, end=0)
self.spi_write(addr | 0x80)
delay_mu(t_xfer)
self.spi_write(0)
delay_mu(t_xfer)
data = self.spi_read() << 8
delay(20*us) # slack
self.spi_cfg(select=PHASER_SEL_DAC, div=div, end=1)
self.spi_write(0)
delay_mu(t_xfer)
data |= self.spi_read()
return data
@kernel
def get_dac_temperature(self) -> TInt32:
"""Read the DAC die temperature.
:return: DAC temperature in degree Celsius
"""
return self.dac_read(0x06, div=257) >> 8
@kernel
def dac_sync(self):
"""Trigger DAC synchronisation for both output channels.
The DAC sif_sync is de-asserts, then asserted. The synchronisation is
triggered on assertion.
By default, the fine-mixer (NCO) and QMC are synchronised. This
includes applying the latest register settings.
The synchronisation sources may be configured through the `syncsel_x`
fields in the `dac` configuration dictionary (see `__init__()`).
.. note:: Synchronising the NCO clears the phase-accumulator
"""
config1f = self.dac_read(0x1f)
delay(.4*ms)
self.dac_write(0x1f, config1f & ~int32(1 << 1))
self.dac_write(0x1f, config1f | (1 << 1))
@kernel
def set_dac_cmix(self, fs_8_step):
"""Set the DAC coarse mixer frequency for both channels
Use of the coarse mixer requires the DAC mixer to be enabled. The mixer
can be configured via the `dac` configuration dictionary (see
`__init__()`).
The selected coarse mixer frequency becomes active without explicit
synchronisation.
:param fs_8_step: coarse mixer frequency shift in 125 MHz steps. This
should be an integer between -3 and 4 (inclusive).
"""
# values recommended in data-sheet
# 0 1 2 3 4 -3 -2 -1
vals = [0b0000, 0b1000, 0b0100, 0b1100, 0b0010, 0b1010, 0b0001, 0b1110]
cmix = vals[fs_8_step%8]
config0d = self.dac_read(0x0d)
delay(.1*ms)
self.dac_write(0x0d, (config0d & ~(0b1111 << 12)) | (cmix << 12))
@kernel
def get_dac_alarms(self):
"""Read the DAC alarm flags.
:return: DAC alarm flags (see datasheet for bit meaning)
"""
return self.dac_read(0x05)
@kernel
def clear_dac_alarms(self):
"""Clear DAC alarm flags."""
self.dac_write(0x05, 0x0000)
@kernel
def dac_iotest(self, pattern) -> TInt32:
"""Performs a DAC IO test according to the datasheet.
:param pattern: List of four int32 containing the pattern
:return: Bit error mask (16 bits)
"""
if len(pattern) != 4:
raise ValueError("pattern length out of bounds")
for addr in range(len(pattern)):
self.dac_write(0x25 + addr, pattern[addr])
# repeat the pattern twice
self.dac_write(0x29 + addr, pattern[addr])
delay(.1*ms)
for ch in range(2):
channel = self.channel[ch]
channel.set_duc_cfg(select=1) # test
# dac test data is i msb, q lsb
data = pattern[2*ch] | (pattern[2*ch + 1] << 16)
channel.set_dac_test(data)
if channel.get_dac_data() != data:
raise ValueError("DAC test data readback failed")
delay(.1*ms)
cfg = self.dac_read(0x01)
delay(.1*ms)
self.dac_write(0x01, cfg | 0x8000) # iotest_ena
self.dac_write(0x04, 0x0000) # clear iotest_result
delay(.2*ms) # let it rip
# no need to go through the alarm register,
# just read the error mask
# self.clear_dac_alarms()
alarms = self.get_dac_alarms()
delay(.1*ms) # slack
if alarms & 0x0080: # alarm_from_iotest
errors = self.dac_read(0x04)
delay(.1*ms) # slack
else:
errors = 0
self.dac_write(0x01, cfg) # clear config
self.dac_write(0x04, 0x0000) # clear iotest_result
return errors
@kernel
def dac_tune_fifo_offset(self):
"""Scan through `fifo_offset` and configure midpoint setting.
:return: Optimal `fifo_offset` setting with maximum margin to write
pointer.
"""
# expect two or three error free offsets:
#
# read offset 01234567
# write pointer w
# distance 32101234
# error free x xx
config9 = self.dac_read(0x09)
delay(.1*ms)
good = 0
for o in range(8):
# set new fifo_offset
self.dac_write(0x09, (config9 & 0x1fff) | (o << 13))
self.clear_dac_alarms()
delay(.1*ms) # run
alarms = self.get_dac_alarms()
delay(.1*ms) # slack
if (alarms >> 11) & 0x7 == 0: # any fifo alarm
good |= 1 << o
# if there are good offsets accross the wrap around
# offset for computations
if good & 0x81 == 0x81:
good = ((good << 4) & 0xf0) | (good >> 4)
offset = 4
else:
offset = 0
# calculate mean
sum = 0
count = 0
for o in range(8):
if good & (1 << o):
sum += o
count += 1
if count == 0:
raise ValueError("no good fifo offset")
best = ((sum // count) + offset) % 8
self.dac_write(0x09, (config9 & 0x1fff) | (best << 13))
return best
class PhaserChannel:
"""Phaser channel IQ pair.
A Phaser channel contains:
* multiple :class:`PhaserOscillator` (in the coredevice phy),
* an interpolation chain and digital upconverter (DUC) on Phaser,
* a :class:`Miqro` instance on Phaser,
* several channel-specific settings in the DAC:
* quadrature modulation compensation QMC
* numerically controlled oscillator NCO or coarse mixer CMIX,
* the analog quadrature upconverter (in the Phaser-Upconverter hardware variant), and
* a digitally controlled step attenuator.
Attributes:
* :attr:`oscillator`: List of five :class:`PhaserOscillator`.
* :attr:`miqro`: A :class:`Miqro`.
.. note:: The amplitude sum of the oscillators must be less than one to
avoid clipping or overflow. If any of the DDS or DUC frequencies are
non-zero, it is not sufficient to ensure that the sum in each
quadrature is within range.
.. note:: The interpolation filter on Phaser has an intrinsic sinc-like
overshoot in its step response. That overshoot is a direct consequence
of its near-brick-wall frequency response. For large and wide-band
changes in oscillator parameters, the overshoot can lead to clipping
or overflow after the interpolation. Either band-limit any changes
in the oscillator parameters or back off the amplitude sufficiently.
Miqro is not affected by this. But both the oscillators and Miqro can
be affected by intrinsic overshoot of the interpolator on the DAC.
"""
kernel_invariants = {"index", "phaser", "trf_mmap"}
def __init__(self, phaser, index, trf):
self.phaser = phaser
self.index = index
self.trf_mmap = TRF372017(trf).get_mmap()
self.oscillator = [PhaserOscillator(self, osc) for osc in range(5)]
self.miqro = Miqro(self)
@kernel
def get_dac_data(self) -> TInt32:
"""Get a sample of the current DAC data.
The data is split accross multiple registers and thus the data
is only valid if constant.
:return: DAC data as 32 bit IQ. I/DACA/DACC in the 16 LSB,
Q/DACB/DACD in the 16 MSB
"""
return self.phaser.read32(PHASER_ADDR_DAC0_DATA + (self.index << 4))
@kernel
def set_dac_test(self, data: TInt32):
"""Set the DAC test data.
:param data: 32 bit IQ test data, I/DACA/DACC in the 16 LSB,
Q/DACB/DACD in the 16 MSB
"""
self.phaser.write32(PHASER_ADDR_DAC0_TEST + (self.index << 4), data)
@kernel
def set_duc_cfg(self, clr=0, clr_once=0, select=0):
"""Set the digital upconverter (DUC) and interpolator configuration.
:param clr: Keep the phase accumulator cleared (persistent)
:param clr_once: Clear the phase accumulator for one cycle
:param select: Select the data to send to the DAC (0: DUC data, 1: test
data, other values: reserved)
"""
self.phaser.write8(PHASER_ADDR_DUC0_CFG + (self.index << 4),
((clr & 1) << 0) | ((clr_once & 1) << 1) |
((select & 3) << 2))
@kernel
def set_duc_frequency_mu(self, ftw):
"""Set the DUC frequency.
:param ftw: DUC frequency tuning word (32 bit)
"""
self.phaser.write32(PHASER_ADDR_DUC0_F + (self.index << 4), ftw)
@kernel
def set_duc_frequency(self, frequency):
"""Set the DUC frequency in SI units.
:param frequency: DUC frequency in Hz (passband from -200 MHz to
200 MHz, wrapping around at +- 250 MHz)
"""
ftw = int32(round(frequency*((1 << 30)/(125*MHz))))
self.set_duc_frequency_mu(ftw)
@kernel
def set_duc_phase_mu(self, pow):
"""Set the DUC phase offset.
:param pow: DUC phase offset word (16 bit)
"""
addr = PHASER_ADDR_DUC0_P + (self.index << 4)
self.phaser.write8(addr, pow >> 8)
self.phaser.write8(addr + 1, pow)
@kernel
def set_duc_phase(self, phase):
"""Set the DUC phase in SI units.
:param phase: DUC phase in turns
"""
pow = int32(round(phase*(1 << 16)))
self.set_duc_phase_mu(pow)
@kernel
def set_nco_frequency_mu(self, ftw):
"""Set the NCO frequency.
This method stages the new NCO frequency, but does not apply it.
Use of the DAC-NCO requires the DAC mixer and NCO to be enabled. These
can be configured via the `dac` configuration dictionary (see
`__init__()`).
:param ftw: NCO frequency tuning word (32 bit)
"""
self.phaser.dac_write(0x15 + (self.index << 1), ftw >> 16)
self.phaser.dac_write(0x14 + (self.index << 1), ftw)
@kernel
def set_nco_frequency(self, frequency):
"""Set the NCO frequency in SI units.
This method stages the new NCO frequency, but does not apply it.
Use of the DAC-NCO requires the DAC mixer and NCO to be enabled. These
can be configured via the `dac` configuration dictionary (see
`__init__()`).
:param frequency: NCO frequency in Hz (passband from -400 MHz
to 400 MHz, wrapping around at +- 500 MHz)
"""
ftw = int32(round(frequency*((1 << 30)/(250*MHz))))
self.set_nco_frequency_mu(ftw)
@kernel
def set_nco_phase_mu(self, pow):
"""Set the NCO phase offset.
By default, the new NCO phase applies on completion of the SPI
transfer. This also causes a staged NCO frequency to be applied.
Different triggers for applying NCO settings may be configured through
the `syncsel_mixerxx` fields in the `dac` configuration dictionary (see
`__init__()`).
Use of the DAC-NCO requires the DAC mixer and NCO to be enabled. These
can be configured via the `dac` configuration dictionary (see
`__init__()`).
:param pow: NCO phase offset word (16 bit)
"""
self.phaser.dac_write(0x12 + self.index, pow)
@kernel
def set_nco_phase(self, phase):
"""Set the NCO phase in SI units.
By default, the new NCO phase applies on completion of the SPI
transfer. This also causes a staged NCO frequency to be applied.
Different triggers for applying NCO settings may be configured through
the `syncsel_mixerxx` fields in the `dac` configuration dictionary (see
`__init__()`).
Use of the DAC-NCO requires the DAC mixer and NCO to be enabled. These
can be configured via the `dac` configuration dictionary (see
`__init__()`).
:param phase: NCO phase in turns
"""
pow = int32(round(phase*(1 << 16)))
self.set_nco_phase_mu(pow)
@kernel
def set_att_mu(self, data):
"""Set channel attenuation.
:param data: Attenuator data in machine units (8 bit)
"""
div = 34 # 30 ns min period
t_xfer = self.phaser.core.seconds_to_mu((8 + 1)*div*4*ns)
self.phaser.spi_cfg(select=PHASER_SEL_ATT0 << self.index, div=div,
end=1)
self.phaser.spi_write(data)
delay_mu(t_xfer)
@kernel
def set_att(self, att):
"""Set channel attenuation in SI units.
:param att: Attenuation in dB
"""
# 2 lsb are inactive, resulting in 8 LSB per dB
data = 0xff - int32(round(att*8))
if data < 0 or data > 0xff:
raise ValueError("attenuation out of bounds")
self.set_att_mu(data)
@kernel
def get_att_mu(self) -> TInt32:
"""Read current attenuation.
The current attenuation value is read without side effects.
:return: Current attenuation in machine units
"""
div = 34
t_xfer = self.phaser.core.seconds_to_mu((8 + 1)*div*4*ns)
self.phaser.spi_cfg(select=PHASER_SEL_ATT0 << self.index, div=div,
end=0)
self.phaser.spi_write(0)
delay_mu(t_xfer)
data = self.phaser.spi_read()
delay(20*us) # slack
self.phaser.spi_cfg(select=PHASER_SEL_ATT0 << self.index, div=div,
end=1)
self.phaser.spi_write(data)
delay_mu(t_xfer)
return data
@kernel
def trf_write(self, data, readback=False):
"""Write 32 bits to quadrature upconverter register.
:param data: Register data (32 bit) containing encoded address
:param readback: Whether to return the read back MISO data
"""
div = 34 # 50 ns min period
t_xfer = self.phaser.core.seconds_to_mu((8 + 1)*div*4*ns)
read = 0
end = 0
clk_phase = 0
if readback:
clk_phase = 1
for i in range(4):
if i == 0 or i == 3:
if i == 3:
end = 1
self.phaser.spi_cfg(select=PHASER_SEL_TRF0 << self.index,
div=div, lsb_first=1, clk_phase=clk_phase,
end=end)
self.phaser.spi_write(data)
data >>= 8
delay_mu(t_xfer)
if readback:
read >>= 8
read |= self.phaser.spi_read() << 24
delay(20*us) # slack
return read
@kernel
def trf_read(self, addr, cnt_mux_sel=0) -> TInt32:
"""Quadrature upconverter register read.
:param addr: Register address to read (0 to 7)
:param cnt_mux_sel: Report VCO counter min or max frequency
:return: Register data (32 bit)
"""
self.trf_write(0x80000008 | (addr << 28) | (cnt_mux_sel << 27))
# single clk pulse with ~LE to start readback
self.phaser.spi_cfg(select=0, div=34, end=1, length=1)
self.phaser.spi_write(0)
delay((1 + 1)*34*4*ns)
return self.trf_write(0x00000008 | (cnt_mux_sel << 27),
readback=True)
@kernel
def cal_trf_vco(self):
"""Start calibration of the upconverter (hardware variant) VCO.
TRF outputs should be disabled during VCO calibration.
"""
self.trf_write(self.trf_mmap[1] | (1 << 31))
@kernel
def en_trf_out(self, rf=1, lo=0):
"""Enable the rf/lo outputs of the upconverter (hardware variant).
:param rf: 1 to enable RF output, 0 to disable
:param lo: 1 to enable LO output, 0 to disable
"""
data = self.trf_read(0xc)
delay(0.1 * ms)
# set RF and LO output bits
data = data | (1 << 12) | (1 << 13) | (1 << 14)
# clear to enable output
if rf == 1:
data = data ^ (1 << 14)
if lo == 1:
data = data ^ ((1 << 12) | (1 << 13))
self.trf_write(data)
@kernel
def set_servo(self, profile=0, enable=0, hold=0):
"""Set the servo configuration.
:param enable: 1 to enable servo, 0 to disable servo (default). If disabled,
the servo is bypassed and hold is enforced since the control loop is broken.
:param hold: 1 to hold the servo IIR filter output constant, 0 for normal operation.
:param profile: Profile index to select for channel. (0 to 3)
"""
if (profile < 0) or (profile > 3):
raise ValueError("invalid profile index")
addr = PHASER_ADDR_SERVO_CFG0 + self.index
# enforce hold if the servo is disabled
data = (profile << 2) | (((hold | ~enable) & 1) << 1) | (enable & 1)
self.phaser.write8(addr, data)
@kernel
def set_iir_mu(self, profile, b0, b1, a1, offset):
"""Load a servo profile consiting of the three filter coefficients and an output offset.
Avoid setting the IIR parameters of the currently active profile.
The recurrence relation is (all data signed and MSB aligned):
.. math::
a_0 y_n = a_1 y_{n - 1} + b_0 x_n + b_1 x_{n - 1} + o
Where:
* :math:`y_n` and :math:`y_{n-1}` are the current and previous
filter outputs, clipped to :math:`[0, 1[`.
* :math:`x_n` and :math:`x_{n-1}` are the current and previous
filter inputs in :math:`[-1, 1[`.
* :math:`o` is the offset
* :math:`a_0` is the normalization factor :math:`2^{14}`
* :math:`a_1` is the feedback gain
* :math:`b_0` and :math:`b_1` are the feedforward gains for the two
delays
.. seealso:: :meth:`set_iir`
:param profile: Profile to set (0 to 3)
:param b0: b0 filter coefficient (16 bit signed)
:param b1: b1 filter coefficient (16 bit signed)
:param a1: a1 filter coefficient (16 bit signed)
:param offset: Output offset (16 bit signed)
"""
if (profile < 0) or (profile > 3):
raise ValueError("invalid profile index")
# 32 byte-sized data registers per channel and 8 (2 bytes * (3 coefficients + 1 offset)) registers per profile
addr = PHASER_ADDR_SERVO_DATA_BASE + (8 * profile) + (self.index * 32)
for data in [b0, b1, a1, offset]:
self.phaser.write16(addr, data)
addr += 2
@kernel
def set_iir(self, profile, kp, ki=0., g=0., x_offset=0., y_offset=0.):
"""Set servo profile IIR coefficients.
Avoid setting the IIR parameters of the currently active profile.
Gains are given in units of output full per scale per input full scale.
.. note:: Due to inherent constraints of the fixed point datatypes and IIR
filters, the ``x_offset`` (setpoint) resolution depends on the selected
gains. Low ``ki`` gains will lead to a low ``x_offset`` resolution.
The transfer function is (up to time discretization and
coefficient quantization errors):
.. math::
H(s) = k_p + \\frac{k_i}{s + \\frac{k_i}{g}}
Where:
* :math:`s = \\sigma + i\\omega` is the complex frequency
* :math:`k_p` is the proportional gain
* :math:`k_i` is the integrator gain
* :math:`g` is the integrator gain limit
:param profile: Profile number (0-3)
:param kp: Proportional gain. This is usually negative (closed
loop, positive ADC voltage, positive setpoint). When 0, this
implements a pure I controller.
:param ki: Integrator gain (rad/s). Equivalent to the gain at 1 Hz.
When 0 (the default) this implements a pure P controller.
Same sign as ``kp``.
:param g: Integrator gain limit (1). When 0 (the default) the
integrator gain limit is infinite. Same sign as ``ki``.
:param x_offset: IIR input offset. Used as the negative
setpoint when stabilizing to a desired input setpoint. Will
be converted to an equivalent output offset and added to y_offset.
:param y_offset: IIR output offset.
"""
NORM = 1 << SERVO_COEFF_SHIFT
COEFF_MAX = 1 << SERVO_COEFF_WIDTH - 1
DATA_MAX = 1 << SERVO_DATA_WIDTH - 1
kp *= NORM
if ki == 0.:
# pure P
a1 = 0
b1 = 0
b0 = int(round(kp))
else:
# I or PI
ki *= NORM*SERVO_T_CYCLE/2.
if g == 0.:
c = 1.
a1 = NORM
else:
c = 1./(1. + ki/(g*NORM))
a1 = int(round((2.*c - 1.)*NORM))
b0 = int(round(kp + ki*c))
b1 = int(round(kp + (ki - 2.*kp)*c))
if b1 == -b0:
raise ValueError("low integrator gain and/or gain limit")
if (b0 >= COEFF_MAX or b0 < -COEFF_MAX or
b1 >= COEFF_MAX or b1 < -COEFF_MAX):
raise ValueError("high gains")
forward_gain = (b0 + b1) * (1 << SERVO_DATA_WIDTH - 1 - SERVO_COEFF_SHIFT)
effective_offset = int(round(DATA_MAX * y_offset + forward_gain * x_offset))
self.set_iir_mu(profile, b0, b1, a1, effective_offset)
class PhaserOscillator:
"""Phaser IQ channel oscillator (NCO/DDS).
.. note:: Latencies between oscillators within a channel and between
oscillator parameters (amplitude and phase/frequency) are deterministic
(with respect to the 25 MS/s sample clock) but not matched.
"""
kernel_invariants = {"channel", "base_addr"}
def __init__(self, channel, index):
self.channel = channel
self.base_addr = ((self.channel.phaser.channel_base + 1 +
2*self.channel.index) << 8) | index
@kernel
def set_frequency_mu(self, ftw):
"""Set Phaser MultiDDS frequency tuning word.
:param ftw: Frequency tuning word (32 bit)
"""
rtio_output(self.base_addr, ftw)
@kernel
def set_frequency(self, frequency):
"""Set Phaser MultiDDS frequency.
:param frequency: Frequency in Hz (passband from -10 MHz to 10 MHz,
wrapping around at +- 12.5 MHz)
"""
ftw = int32(round(frequency*((1 << 30)/(6.25*MHz))))
self.set_frequency_mu(ftw)
@kernel
def set_amplitude_phase_mu(self, asf=0x7fff, pow=0, clr=0):
"""Set Phaser MultiDDS amplitude, phase offset and accumulator clear.
:param asf: Amplitude (15 bit)
:param pow: Phase offset word (16 bit)
:param clr: Clear the phase accumulator (persistent)
"""
data = (asf & 0x7fff) | ((clr & 1) << 15) | (pow << 16)
rtio_output(self.base_addr + (1 << 8), data)
@kernel
def set_amplitude_phase(self, amplitude, phase=0., clr=0):
"""Set Phaser MultiDDS amplitude and phase.
:param amplitude: Amplitude in units of full scale
:param phase: Phase in turns
:param clr: Clear the phase accumulator (persistent)
"""
asf = int32(round(amplitude*0x7fff))
if asf < 0 or asf > 0x7fff:
raise ValueError("amplitude out of bounds")
pow = int32(round(phase*(1 << 16)))
self.set_amplitude_phase_mu(asf, pow, clr)
class Miqro:
"""
Miqro pulse generator.
A Miqro instance represents one RF output. The DSP components are fully
contained in the Phaser gateware. The output is generated by with
the following data flow:
**Oscillators**
* There are n_osc = 16 oscillators with oscillator IDs 0..n_osc-1.
* Each oscillator outputs one tone at any given time
* I/Q (quadrature, a.k.a. complex) 2x16 bit signed data
at tau = 4 ns sample intervals, 250 MS/s, Nyquist 125 MHz, bandwidth 200 MHz
(from f = -100..+100 MHz, taking into account the interpolation anti-aliasing
filters in subsequent interpolators),
* 32 bit frequency (f) resolution (~ 1/16 Hz),
* 16 bit unsigned amplitude (a) resolution
* 16 bit phase offset (p) resolution
* The output phase p' of each oscillator at time t (boot/reset/initialization of the
device at t=0) is then p' = f*t + p (mod 1 turn) where f and p are the (currently
active) profile frequency and phase offset.
* Note: The terms "phase coherent" and "phase tracking" are defined to refer to this
choice of oscillator output phase p'. Note that the phase offset p is not relative to
(on top of previous phase/profiles/oscillator history).
It is "absolute" in the sense that frequency f and phase offset p fully determine
oscillator output phase p' at time t. This is unlike typical DDS behavior.
* Frequency, phase, and amplitude of each oscillator are configurable by selecting one of
n_profile = 32 profiles 0..n_profile-1. This selection is fast and can be done for
each pulse. The phase coherence defined above is guaranteed for each
profile individually.
* Note: one profile per oscillator (usually profile index 0) should be reserved
for the NOP (no operation, identity) profile, usually with zero amplitude.
* Data for each profile for each oscillator can be configured
individually. Storing profile data should be considered "expensive".
* Note: The annotation that some operation is "expensive" does not mean it is
impossible, just that it may take a significant amount of time and
resources to execute such that it may be impractical when used often or
during fast pulse sequences. They are intended for use in calibration and
initialization.
**Summation**
* The oscillator outputs are added together (wrapping addition).
* The user must ensure that the sum of oscillators outputs does not exceed the
data range. In general that means that the sum of the amplitudes must not
exceed one.
**Shaper**
* The summed complex output stream is then multiplied with a the complex-valued
output of a triggerable shaper.
* Triggering the shaper corresponds to passing a pulse from all oscillators to
the RF output.
* Selected profiles become active simultaneously (on the same output sample) when
triggering the shaper with the first shaper output sample.
* The shaper reads (replays) window samples from a memory of size n_window = 1 << 10.
* The window memory can be segmented by choosing different start indices
to support different windows.
* Each window memory segment starts with a header determining segment
length and interpolation parameters.
* The window samples are interpolated by a factor (rate change) between 1 and
r = 1 << 12.
* The interpolation order is constant, linear, quadratic, or cubic. This
corresponds to interpolation modes from rectangular window (1st order CIC)
or zero order hold) to Parzen window (4th order CIC or cubic spline).
* This results in support for single shot pulse lengths (envelope support) between
tau and a bit more than r * n_window * tau = (1 << 12 + 10) tau ~ 17 ms.
* Windows can be configured to be head-less and/or tail-less, meaning, they
do not feed zero-amplitude samples into the shaper before and after
each window respectively. This is used to implement pulses with arbitrary
length or CW output.
**Overall properties**
* The DAC may upconvert the signal by applying a frequency offset f1 with
phase p1.
* In the Upconverter Phaser variant, the analog quadrature upconverter
applies another frequency of f2 and phase p2.
* The resulting phase of the signal from one oscillator at the SMA output is
(f + f1 + f2)*t + p + s(t - t0) + p1 + p2 (mod 1 turn)
where s(t - t0) is the phase of the interpolated
shaper output, and t0 is the trigger time (fiducial of the shaper).
Unsurprisingly the frequency is the derivative of the phase.
* Group delays between pulse parameter updates are matched across oscillators,
shapers, and channels.
* The minimum time to change profiles and phase offsets is ~128 ns (estimate, TBC).
This is the minimum pulse interval.
The sustained pulse rate of the RTIO PHY/Fastlink is one pulse per Fastlink frame
(may be increased, TBC).
"""
def __init__(self, channel):
self.channel = channel
self.base_addr = (self.channel.phaser.channel_base + 1 +
self.channel.index) << 8
@kernel
def reset(self):
"""Establish no-output profiles and no-output window and execute them.
This establishes the first profile (index 0) on all oscillators as zero
amplitude, creates a trivial window (one sample with zero amplitude,
minimal interpolation), and executes a corresponding pulse.
"""
for osc in range(16):
self.set_profile_mu(osc, profile=0, ftw=0, asf=0)
delay(20*us)
self.set_window_mu(start=0, iq=[0], order=0)
self.pulse(window=0, profiles=[0])
@kernel
def set_profile_mu(self, oscillator, profile, ftw, asf, pow_=0):
"""Store an oscillator profile (machine units).
:param oscillator: Oscillator index (0 to 15)
:param profile: Profile index (0 to 31)
:param ftw: Frequency tuning word (32 bit signed integer on a 250 MHz clock)
:param asf: Amplitude scale factor (16 bit unsigned integer)
:param pow_: Phase offset word (16 bit integer)
"""
if oscillator >= 16:
raise ValueError("invalid oscillator index")
if profile >= 32:
raise ValueError("invalid profile index")
self.channel.phaser.write16(PHASER_ADDR_MIQRO_MEM_ADDR,
(self.channel.index << 15) | PHASER_MIQRO_SEL_PROFILE |
(oscillator << 6) | (profile << 1))
self.channel.phaser.write32(PHASER_ADDR_MIQRO_MEM_DATA, ftw)
self.channel.phaser.write32(PHASER_ADDR_MIQRO_MEM_DATA,
(asf & 0xffff) | (pow_ << 16))
@kernel
def set_profile(self, oscillator, profile, frequency, amplitude, phase=0.):
"""Store an oscillator profile.
:param oscillator: Oscillator index (0 to 15)
:param profile: Profile index (0 to 31)
:param frequency: Frequency in Hz (passband -100 to 100 MHz).
Interpreted in the Nyquist sense, i.e. aliased.
:param amplitude: Amplitude in units of full scale (0. to 1.)
:param phase: Phase in turns. See :class:`Miqro` for a definition of
phase in this context.
:return: The quantized 32 bit frequency tuning word
"""
ftw = int32(round(frequency*((1 << 30)/(62.5*MHz))))
asf = int32(round(amplitude*0xffff))
if asf < 0 or asf > 0xffff:
raise ValueError("amplitude out of bounds")
pow_ = int32(round(phase*(1 << 16)))
self.set_profile_mu(oscillator, profile, ftw, asf, pow_)
return ftw
@kernel
def set_window_mu(self, start, iq, rate=1, shift=0, order=3, head=1, tail=1):
"""Store a window segment (machine units)
:param start: Window start address (0 to 0x3ff)
:param iq: List of IQ window samples. Each window sample is an integer
containing the signed I part in the 16 LSB and the signed Q part in
the 16 MSB. The maximum window length is 0x3fe. The user must
ensure that this window does not overlap with other windows in the
memory.
:param rate: Interpolation rate change (1 to 1 << 12)
:param shift: Interpolator amplitude gain compensation in powers of 2 (0 to 63)
:param order: Interpolation order from 0 (corresponding to
constant/rectangular window/zero-order-hold/1st order CIC interpolation)
to 3 (corresponding to cubic/Parzen window/4th order CIC interpolation)
:param head: Update the interpolator settings and clear its state at the start
of the window. This also implies starting the envelope from zero.
:param tail: Feed zeros into the interpolator after the window samples.
In the absence of further pulses this will return the output envelope
to zero with the chosen interpolation.
:return: Next available window memory address after this segment.
"""
if start >= 1 << 10:
raise ValueError("start out of bounds")
if len(iq) >= 1 << 10:
raise ValueError("window length out of bounds")
if rate < 1 or rate > 1 << 12:
raise ValueError("rate out of bounds")
if shift > 0x3f:
raise ValueError("shift out of bounds")
if order > 3:
raise ValueError("order out of bounds")
self.channel.phaser.write16(PHASER_ADDR_MIQRO_MEM_ADDR,
(self.channel.index << 15) | start)
self.channel.phaser.write32(PHASER_ADDR_MIQRO_MEM_DATA,
(len(iq) & 0x3ff) |
((rate - 1) << 10) |
(shift << 22) |
(order << 28) |
((head & 1) << 30) |
((tail & 1) << 31)
)
for iqi in iq:
self.channel.phaser.write32(PHASER_ADDR_MIQRO_MEM_DATA, iqi)
delay(20*us) # slack for long windows
return (start + 1 + len(iq)) & 0x3ff
@kernel
def set_window(self, start, iq, period=4*ns, order=3, head=1, tail=1):
"""Store a window segment
:param start: Window start address (0 to 0x3ff)
:param iq: List of IQ window samples. Each window sample is a pair of
two float numbers -1 to 1, one for each I and Q in units of full scale.
The maximum window length is 0x3fe. The user must ensure that this window
does not overlap with other windows in the memory.
:param period: Desired window sample period in SI units (4*ns to (4 << 12)*ns).
:param order: Interpolation order from 0 (corresponding to
constant/zero-order-hold/1st order CIC interpolation) to 3 (corresponding
to cubic/Parzen/4th order CIC interpolation)
:param head: Update the interpolator settings and clear its state at the start
of the window. This also implies starting the envelope from zero.
:param tail: Feed zeros into the interpolator after the window samples.
In the absence of further pulses this will return the output envelope
to zero with the chosen interpolation.
:return: Actual sample period in SI units
"""
rate = int32(round(period/(4*ns)))
gain = 1.
for _ in range(order):
gain *= rate
shift = 0
while gain >= 2.:
shift += 1
gain *= .5
scale = ((1 << 15) - 1)/gain
iq_mu = [
(int32(round(iqi[0]*scale)) & 0xffff) |
(int32(round(iqi[1]*scale)) << 16)
for iqi in iq
]
self.set_window_mu(start, iq_mu, rate, shift, order, head, tail)
return (len(iq) + order)*rate*4*ns
@kernel
def encode(self, window, profiles, data):
"""Encode window and profile selection
:param window: Window start address (0 to 0x3ff)
:param profiles: List of profile indices for the oscillators. Maximum
length 16. Unused oscillators will be set to profile 0.
:param data: List of integers to store the encoded data words into.
Unused entries will remain untouched. Must contain at least three
lements if all oscillators are used and should be initialized to
zeros.
:return: Number of words from `data` used.
"""
if len(profiles) > 16:
raise ValueError("too many oscillators")
if window > 0x3ff:
raise ValueError("window start out of bounds")
data[0] = window
word = 0
idx = 10
for profile in profiles:
if profile > 0x1f:
raise ValueError("profile out of bounds")
if idx > 32 - 5:
word += 1
idx = 0
data[word] |= profile << idx
idx += 5
return word + 1
@kernel
def pulse_mu(self, data):
"""Emit a pulse (encoded)
The pulse fiducial timing resolution is 4 ns.
:param data: List of up to 3 words containing an encoded MIQRO pulse as
returned by :meth:`encode`.
"""
word = len(data)
delay_mu(-8*word) # back shift to align
while word > 0:
word -= 1
delay_mu(8)
# final write sets pulse stb
rtio_output(self.base_addr + word, data[word])
@kernel
def pulse(self, window, profiles):
"""Emit a pulse
This encodes the window and profiles (see :meth:`encode`) and emits them
(see :meth:`pulse_mu`).
:param window: Window start address (0 to 0x3ff)
:param profiles: List of profile indices for the oscillators. Maximum
length 16. Unused oscillators will select profile 0.
"""
data = [0, 0, 0]
words = self.encode(window, profiles, data)
self.pulse_mu(data[:words])
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