diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index baf8960e..06e5bf14 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ version = "4.5.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "501d359d5f3dcaf6ecdeee48833ae73ec6e42723a1e52419c79abf9507eec0a0"
 dependencies = [
- "heck 0.5.0",
+ "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "syn 2.0.77",
@@ -406,12 +406,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "ahash",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "heck"
-version = "0.4.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "95505c38b4572b2d910cecb0281560f54b440a19336cbbcb27bf6ce6adc6f5a8"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "heck"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -849,15 +843,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3"
-version = "0.21.2"
+version = "0.22.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a5e00b96a521718e08e03b1a622f01c8a8deb50719335de3f60b3b3950f069d8"
+checksum = "831e8e819a138c36e212f3af3fd9eeffed6bf1510a805af35b0edee5ffa59433"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "indoc",
  "libc",
  "memoffset",
- "parking_lot",
+ "once_cell",
  "portable-atomic",
  "pyo3-build-config",
  "pyo3-ffi",
@@ -867,9 +861,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-build-config"
-version = "0.21.2"
+version = "0.22.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7883df5835fafdad87c0d888b266c8ec0f4c9ca48a5bed6bbb592e8dedee1b50"
+checksum = "1e8730e591b14492a8945cdff32f089250b05f5accecf74aeddf9e8272ce1fa8"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "target-lexicon",
@@ -877,9 +871,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-ffi"
-version = "0.21.2"
+version = "0.22.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "01be5843dc60b916ab4dad1dca6d20b9b4e6ddc8e15f50c47fe6d85f1fb97403"
+checksum = "5e97e919d2df92eb88ca80a037969f44e5e70356559654962cbb3316d00300c6"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "pyo3-build-config",
@@ -887,9 +881,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-macros"
-version = "0.21.2"
+version = "0.22.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77b34069fc0682e11b31dbd10321cbf94808394c56fd996796ce45217dfac53c"
+checksum = "eb57983022ad41f9e683a599f2fd13c3664d7063a3ac5714cae4b7bee7d3f206"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "pyo3-macros-backend",
@@ -899,11 +893,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-macros-backend"
-version = "0.21.2"
+version = "0.22.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "08260721f32db5e1a5beae69a55553f56b99bd0e1c3e6e0a5e8851a9d0f5a85c"
+checksum = "ec480c0c51ddec81019531705acac51bcdbeae563557c982aa8263bb96880372"
 dependencies = [
- "heck 0.4.1",
+ "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "pyo3-build-config",
  "quote",
@@ -1191,7 +1185,7 @@ version = "0.26.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4c6bee85a5a24955dc440386795aa378cd9cf82acd5f764469152d2270e581be"
 dependencies = [
- "heck 0.5.0",
+ "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "rustversion",
diff --git a/nac3artiq/Cargo.toml b/nac3artiq/Cargo.toml
index 24fa2210..a646bfda 100644
--- a/nac3artiq/Cargo.toml
+++ b/nac3artiq/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ crate-type = ["cdylib"]
 
 [dependencies]
 itertools = "0.13"
-pyo3 = { version = "0.21", features = ["extension-module"] }
+pyo3 = { version = "0.22", features = ["extension-module", "gil-refs", "py-clone"] }
 parking_lot = "0.12"
 tempfile = "3.10"
 nac3core = { path = "../nac3core" }
diff --git a/nac3artiq/src/lib.rs b/nac3artiq/src/lib.rs
index 7750b91b..93033710 100644
--- a/nac3artiq/src/lib.rs
+++ b/nac3artiq/src/lib.rs
@@ -143,6 +143,10 @@ struct Nac3 {
 
 create_exception!(nac3artiq, CompileError, exceptions::PyException);
 
+unsafe impl PyNativeType for CompileError {
+    type AsRefSource = CompileError;
+}
+
 impl Nac3 {
     fn register_module(
         &mut self,