#ifndef IRRT_DONT_TYPEDEF_INTS
typedef _BitInt(8) int8_t;
typedef unsigned _BitInt(8) uint8_t;
typedef _BitInt(32) int32_t;
typedef unsigned _BitInt(32) uint32_t;
typedef _BitInt(64) int64_t;
typedef unsigned _BitInt(64) uint64_t;
#endif

// NDArray indices are always `uint32_t`.
typedef uint32_t NDIndex;
// The type of an index or a value describing the length of a range/slice is
// always `int32_t`.
typedef int32_t SliceIndex;

template <typename T>
static T max(T a, T b) {
    return a > b ? a : b;
}

template <typename T>
static T min(T a, T b) {
    return a > b ? b : a;
}

// adapted from GNU Scientific Library: https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gsl.git/tree/sys/pow_int.c
// need to make sure `exp >= 0` before calling this function
template <typename T>
static T __nac3_int_exp_impl(T base, T exp) {
    T res = 1;
    /* repeated squaring method */
    do {
        if (exp & 1) {
            res *= base; /* for n odd */
        }
        exp >>= 1;
        base *= base;
    } while (exp);
    return res;
}

template <typename SizeT>
static SizeT __nac3_ndarray_calc_size_impl(
    const SizeT *list_data,
    SizeT list_len,
    SizeT begin_idx,
    SizeT end_idx
) {
    __builtin_assume(end_idx <= list_len);

    SizeT num_elems = 1;
    for (SizeT i = begin_idx; i < end_idx; ++i) {
        SizeT val = list_data[i];
        __builtin_assume(val > 0);
        num_elems *= val;
    }
    return num_elems;
}

template <typename SizeT>
static void __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices_impl(
    SizeT index,
    const SizeT *dims,
    SizeT num_dims,
    NDIndex *idxs
) {
    SizeT stride = 1;
    for (SizeT dim = 0; dim < num_dims; dim++) {
        SizeT i = num_dims - dim - 1;
        __builtin_assume(dims[i] > 0);
        idxs[i] = (index / stride) % dims[i];
        stride *= dims[i];
    }
}

template <typename SizeT>
static SizeT __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index_impl(
    const SizeT *dims,
    SizeT num_dims,
    const NDIndex *indices,
    SizeT num_indices
) {
    SizeT idx = 0;
    SizeT stride = 1;
    for (SizeT i = 0; i < num_dims; ++i) {
        SizeT ri = num_dims - i - 1;
        if (ri < num_indices) {
            idx += stride * indices[ri];
        }

        __builtin_assume(dims[i] > 0);
        stride *= dims[ri];
    }
    return idx;
}

template <typename SizeT>
static void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_impl(
    const SizeT *lhs_dims,
    SizeT lhs_ndims,
    const SizeT *rhs_dims,
    SizeT rhs_ndims,
    SizeT *out_dims
) {
    SizeT max_ndims = lhs_ndims > rhs_ndims ? lhs_ndims : rhs_ndims;

    for (SizeT i = 0; i < max_ndims; ++i) {
        const SizeT *lhs_dim_sz = i < lhs_ndims ? &lhs_dims[lhs_ndims - i - 1] : nullptr;
        const SizeT *rhs_dim_sz = i < rhs_ndims ? &rhs_dims[rhs_ndims - i - 1] : nullptr;
        SizeT *out_dim = &out_dims[max_ndims - i - 1];

        if (lhs_dim_sz == nullptr) {
            *out_dim = *rhs_dim_sz;
        } else if (rhs_dim_sz == nullptr) {
            *out_dim = *lhs_dim_sz;
        } else if (*lhs_dim_sz == 1) {
            *out_dim = *rhs_dim_sz;
        } else if (*rhs_dim_sz == 1) {
            *out_dim = *lhs_dim_sz;
        } else if (*lhs_dim_sz == *rhs_dim_sz) {
            *out_dim = *lhs_dim_sz;
        } else {
            __builtin_unreachable();
        }
    }
}

template <typename SizeT>
static void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx_impl(
    const SizeT *src_dims,
    SizeT src_ndims,
    const NDIndex *in_idx,
    NDIndex *out_idx
) {
    for (SizeT i = 0; i < src_ndims; ++i) {
        SizeT src_i = src_ndims - i - 1;
        out_idx[src_i] = src_dims[src_i] == 1 ? 0 : in_idx[src_i];
    }
}

template<typename SizeT>
static void __nac3_ndarray_strides_from_shape_impl(
    SizeT ndims,
    SizeT *shape,
    SizeT *dst_strides
) {
    SizeT stride_product = 1;
    for (SizeT i = 0; i < ndims; i++) {
        int dim_i = ndims - i - 1;
        dst_strides[dim_i] = stride_product;
        stride_product *= shape[dim_i];
    }
}

extern "C" {
    #define DEF_nac3_int_exp_(T) \
        T __nac3_int_exp_##T(T base, T exp) {\
            return __nac3_int_exp_impl(base, exp);\
        }

    DEF_nac3_int_exp_(int32_t)
    DEF_nac3_int_exp_(int64_t)
    DEF_nac3_int_exp_(uint32_t)
    DEF_nac3_int_exp_(uint64_t)

    SliceIndex __nac3_slice_index_bound(SliceIndex i, const SliceIndex len) {
        if (i < 0) {
            i = len + i;
        }
        if (i < 0) {
            return 0;
        } else if (i > len) {
            return len;
        }
        return i;
    }

    SliceIndex __nac3_range_slice_len(
        const SliceIndex start,
        const SliceIndex end,
        const SliceIndex step
    ) {
        SliceIndex diff = end - start;
        if (diff > 0 && step > 0) {
            return ((diff - 1) / step) + 1;
        } else if (diff < 0 && step < 0) {
            return ((diff + 1) / step) + 1;
        } else {
            return 0;
        }
    }

    // Handle list assignment and dropping part of the list when
    // both dest_step and src_step are +1.
    // - All the index must *not* be out-of-bound or negative,
    // - The end index is *inclusive*,
    // - The length of src and dest slice size should already
    // be checked: if dest.step == 1 then len(src) <= len(dest) else len(src) == len(dest)
    SliceIndex __nac3_list_slice_assign_var_size(
        SliceIndex dest_start,
        SliceIndex dest_end,
        SliceIndex dest_step,
        uint8_t *dest_arr,
        SliceIndex dest_arr_len,
        SliceIndex src_start,
        SliceIndex src_end,
        SliceIndex src_step,
        uint8_t *src_arr,
        SliceIndex src_arr_len,
        const SliceIndex size
    ) {
        /* if dest_arr_len == 0, do nothing since we do not support extending list */
        if (dest_arr_len == 0) return dest_arr_len;
        /* if both step is 1, memmove directly, handle the dropping of the list, and shrink size */
        if (src_step == dest_step && dest_step == 1) {
            const SliceIndex src_len = (src_end >= src_start) ? (src_end - src_start + 1) : 0;
            const SliceIndex dest_len = (dest_end >= dest_start) ? (dest_end - dest_start + 1) : 0;
            if (src_len > 0) {
                __builtin_memmove(
                    dest_arr + dest_start * size,
                    src_arr + src_start * size,
                    src_len * size
                );
            }
            if (dest_len > 0) {
                /* dropping */
                __builtin_memmove(
                    dest_arr + (dest_start + src_len) * size,
                    dest_arr + (dest_end + 1) * size,
                    (dest_arr_len - dest_end - 1) * size
                );
            }
            /* shrink size */
            return dest_arr_len - (dest_len - src_len);
        }
        /* if two range overlaps, need alloca */
        uint8_t need_alloca =
            (dest_arr == src_arr)
            && !(
                max(dest_start, dest_end) < min(src_start, src_end)
                || max(src_start, src_end) < min(dest_start, dest_end)
            );
        if (need_alloca) {
            uint8_t *tmp = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(__builtin_alloca(src_arr_len * size));
            __builtin_memcpy(tmp, src_arr, src_arr_len * size);
            src_arr = tmp;
        }
        SliceIndex src_ind = src_start;
        SliceIndex dest_ind = dest_start;
        for (;
            (src_step > 0) ? (src_ind <= src_end) : (src_ind >= src_end);
            src_ind += src_step, dest_ind += dest_step
        ) {
            /* for constant optimization */
            if (size == 1) {
                __builtin_memcpy(dest_arr + dest_ind, src_arr + src_ind, 1);
            } else if (size == 4) {
                __builtin_memcpy(dest_arr + dest_ind * 4, src_arr + src_ind * 4, 4);
            } else if (size == 8) {
                __builtin_memcpy(dest_arr + dest_ind * 8, src_arr + src_ind * 8, 8);
            } else {
                /* memcpy for var size, cannot overlap after previous alloca */
                __builtin_memcpy(dest_arr + dest_ind * size, src_arr + src_ind * size, size);
            }
        }
        /* only dest_step == 1 can we shrink the dest list. */
        /* size should be ensured prior to calling this function */
        if (dest_step == 1 && dest_end >= dest_start) {
            __builtin_memmove(
                dest_arr + dest_ind * size,
                dest_arr + (dest_end + 1) * size,
                (dest_arr_len - dest_end - 1) * size
            );
            return dest_arr_len - (dest_end - dest_ind) - 1;
        }
        return dest_arr_len;
    }

    int32_t __nac3_isinf(double x) {
        return __builtin_isinf(x);
    }

    int32_t __nac3_isnan(double x) {
        return __builtin_isnan(x);
    }

    double tgamma(double arg);

    double __nac3_gamma(double z) {
        // Handling for denormals
        //     | x                 | Python gamma(x) | C tgamma(x) |
        // --- | ----------------- | --------------- | ----------- |
        // (1) | nan               | nan             | nan         |
        // (2) | -inf              | -inf            | inf         |
        // (3) | inf               | inf             | inf         |
        // (4) | 0.0               | inf             | inf         |
        // (5) | {-1.0, -2.0, ...} | inf             | nan         |

        // (1)-(3)
        if (__builtin_isinf(z) || __builtin_isnan(z)) {
            return z;
        }

        double v = tgamma(z);

        // (4)-(5)
        return __builtin_isinf(v) || __builtin_isnan(v) ? __builtin_inf() : v;
    }

    double lgamma(double arg);

    double __nac3_gammaln(double x) {
        // libm's handling of value overflows differs from scipy:
        // - scipy: gammaln(-inf) -> -inf
        // - libm : lgamma(-inf) -> inf

        if (__builtin_isinf(x)) {
            return x;
        }

        return lgamma(x);
    }

    double j0(double x);

    double __nac3_j0(double x) {
        // libm's handling of value overflows differs from scipy:
        // - scipy: j0(inf) -> nan
        // - libm : j0(inf) -> 0.0

        if (__builtin_isinf(x)) {
            return __builtin_nan("");
        }

        return j0(x);
    }

    uint32_t __nac3_ndarray_calc_size(
        const uint32_t *list_data,
        uint32_t list_len,
        uint32_t begin_idx,
        uint32_t end_idx
    ) {
        return __nac3_ndarray_calc_size_impl(list_data, list_len, begin_idx, end_idx);
    }

    uint64_t __nac3_ndarray_calc_size64(
        const uint64_t *list_data,
        uint64_t list_len,
        uint64_t begin_idx,
        uint64_t end_idx
    ) {
        return __nac3_ndarray_calc_size_impl(list_data, list_len, begin_idx, end_idx);
    }

    void __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices(
        uint32_t index,
        const uint32_t* dims,
        uint32_t num_dims,
        NDIndex* idxs
    ) {
        __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices_impl(index, dims, num_dims, idxs);
    }

    void __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices64(
        uint64_t index,
        const uint64_t* dims,
        uint64_t num_dims,
        NDIndex* idxs
    ) {
        __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices_impl(index, dims, num_dims, idxs);
    }

    uint32_t __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index(
        const uint32_t* dims,
        uint32_t num_dims,
        const NDIndex* indices,
        uint32_t num_indices
    ) {
        return __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index_impl(dims, num_dims, indices, num_indices);
    }

    uint64_t __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index64(
        const uint64_t* dims,
        uint64_t num_dims,
        const NDIndex* indices,
        uint64_t num_indices
    ) {
        return __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index_impl(dims, num_dims, indices, num_indices);
    }

    void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast(
        const uint32_t *lhs_dims,
        uint32_t lhs_ndims,
        const uint32_t *rhs_dims,
        uint32_t rhs_ndims,
        uint32_t *out_dims
    ) {
        return __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_impl(lhs_dims, lhs_ndims, rhs_dims, rhs_ndims, out_dims);
    }

    void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast64(
        const uint64_t *lhs_dims,
        uint64_t lhs_ndims,
        const uint64_t *rhs_dims,
        uint64_t rhs_ndims,
        uint64_t *out_dims
    ) {
        return __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_impl(lhs_dims, lhs_ndims, rhs_dims, rhs_ndims, out_dims);
    }

    void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx(
        const uint32_t *src_dims,
        uint32_t src_ndims,
        const NDIndex *in_idx,
        NDIndex *out_idx
    ) {
        __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx_impl(src_dims, src_ndims, in_idx, out_idx);
    }

    void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx64(
        const uint64_t *src_dims,
        uint64_t src_ndims,
        const NDIndex *in_idx,
        NDIndex *out_idx
    ) {
        __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx_impl(src_dims, src_ndims, in_idx, out_idx);
    }

    void __nac3_ndarray_strides_from_shape(uint32_t ndims, uint32_t* shape, uint32_t* dst_strides) {
        __nac3_ndarray_strides_from_shape_impl(ndims, shape, dst_strides);
    }

    void __nac3_ndarray_strides_from_shape64(uint64_t ndims, uint64_t* shape, uint64_t* dst_strides) {
        __nac3_ndarray_strides_from_shape_impl(ndims, shape, dst_strides);
    }
}