diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 60b28f92..7383054e 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ version = "4.5.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2bac35c6dafb060fd4d275d9a4ffae97917c13a6327903a8be2153cd964f7085"
 dependencies = [
- "heck 0.5.0",
+ "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "syn 2.0.68",
@@ -361,12 +361,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "ahash",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "heck"
-version = "0.4.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "95505c38b4572b2d910cecb0281560f54b440a19336cbbcb27bf6ce6adc6f5a8"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "heck"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -805,15 +799,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3"
-version = "0.21.2"
+version = "0.22.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a5e00b96a521718e08e03b1a622f01c8a8deb50719335de3f60b3b3950f069d8"
+checksum = "1962a33ed2a201c637fc14a4e0fd4e06e6edfdeee6a5fede0dab55507ad74cf7"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "indoc",
  "libc",
  "memoffset",
- "parking_lot",
+ "once_cell",
  "portable-atomic",
  "pyo3-build-config",
  "pyo3-ffi",
@@ -823,9 +817,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-build-config"
-version = "0.21.2"
+version = "0.22.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7883df5835fafdad87c0d888b266c8ec0f4c9ca48a5bed6bbb592e8dedee1b50"
+checksum = "ab7164b2202753bd33afc7f90a10355a719aa973d1f94502c50d06f3488bc420"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "target-lexicon",
@@ -833,9 +827,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-ffi"
-version = "0.21.2"
+version = "0.22.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "01be5843dc60b916ab4dad1dca6d20b9b4e6ddc8e15f50c47fe6d85f1fb97403"
+checksum = "c6424906ca49013c0829c5c1ed405e20e2da2dc78b82d198564880a704e6a7b7"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "pyo3-build-config",
@@ -843,9 +837,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-macros"
-version = "0.21.2"
+version = "0.22.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77b34069fc0682e11b31dbd10321cbf94808394c56fd996796ce45217dfac53c"
+checksum = "82b2f19e153122d64afd8ce7aaa72f06a00f52e34e1d1e74b6d71baea396460a"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "pyo3-macros-backend",
@@ -855,11 +849,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pyo3-macros-backend"
-version = "0.21.2"
+version = "0.22.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "08260721f32db5e1a5beae69a55553f56b99bd0e1c3e6e0a5e8851a9d0f5a85c"
+checksum = "dd698c04cac17cf0fe63d47790ab311b8b25542f5cb976b65c374035c50f1eef"
 dependencies = [
- "heck 0.4.1",
+ "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "pyo3-build-config",
  "quote",
@@ -1130,7 +1124,7 @@ version = "0.26.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4c6bee85a5a24955dc440386795aa378cd9cf82acd5f764469152d2270e581be"
 dependencies = [
- "heck 0.5.0",
+ "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "rustversion",
diff --git a/nac3artiq/Cargo.toml b/nac3artiq/Cargo.toml
index e1bb649f..4e391e1b 100644
--- a/nac3artiq/Cargo.toml
+++ b/nac3artiq/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ crate-type = ["cdylib"]
 
 [dependencies]
 itertools = "0.13"
-pyo3 = { version = "0.21", features = ["extension-module"] }
+pyo3 = { version = "0.22", features = ["extension-module", "gil-refs", "py-clone"] }
 parking_lot = "0.12"
 tempfile = "3.10"
 nac3parser = { path = "../nac3parser" }
diff --git a/nac3artiq/src/lib.rs b/nac3artiq/src/lib.rs
index 5cac7c3e..e967064c 100644
--- a/nac3artiq/src/lib.rs
+++ b/nac3artiq/src/lib.rs
@@ -142,6 +142,10 @@ struct Nac3 {
 
 create_exception!(nac3artiq, CompileError, exceptions::PyException);
 
+unsafe impl PyNativeType for CompileError {
+    type AsRefSource = CompileError;
+}
+
 impl Nac3 {
     fn register_module(
         &mut self,