diff --git a/4410-4412.tex b/4410-4412.tex index 063fe4f..ad1af50 100644 --- a/4410-4412.tex +++ b/4410-4412.tex @@ -12,29 +12,30 @@ \section{Features} -\begin{itemize} -\item{4-channel 1GS/s DDS} -\item{Output frequency from \textless 1 to \textgreater 400 MHz} -\item{Sub-Hz frequency resolution} -\item{Controlled phase steps} -\item{Accurate output amplitude control} -\end{itemize} + \begin{itemize} + \item{4-channel 1GS/s DDS} + \item{Output frequency from \textless 1 to \textgreater 400 MHz} + \item{Sub-Hz frequency resolution} + \item{Controlled phase steps} + \item{Accurate output amplitude control} + \end{itemize} \section{Applications} -\begin{itemize} -\item{Dynamic low-noise RF source} -\item{Driving RF electrodes in ion traps} -\item{Driving acousto-optic modulators} -\item{Form a laser intensity servo with 5108 Sampler} -\end{itemize} + \begin{itemize} + \item{Dynamic low-noise RF source} + \item{Driving RF electrodes in ion traps} + \item{Driving acousto-optic modulators} + \item{Form a laser intensity servo with 5108 Sampler} + \end{itemize} \section{General Description} -The 4410/4412 DDS Urukul card is a 4hp EEM module, part of the ARTIQ/Sinara family. It adds frequency generation capabilities to carrier cards such as 1124 Kasli and 1125 Kasli-SoC. -It provides 4 channels of DDS (direct digital synthesis) at 1GS/s. Output frequencies from \textless 1 to \textgreater 400 MHz are supported. The nominal maximum output power of each channel is 10dBm. Each channel can be attenuated from 0 to -31.5 dB by a digital attenuator. RF switches (1ns temporal resolution) on each channel provide 70 dB isolation. + The 4410/4412 DDS Urukul card is a 4hp EEM module, part of the ARTIQ/Sinara family. It adds frequency generation capabilities to carrier cards such as 1124 Kasli and 1125 Kasli-SoC. -4410 DDS Urukul features AD9910 chips, while 4412 DDS Urukul features AD9912 chips. AD9912 is capable of higher frequency precision (~8 \textmu Hz) than the AD9910 (~0.25 Hz). The ARTIQ SU-Servo configuration is only available for AD9910. + It provides 4 channels of DDS (direct digital synthesis) at 1GS/s. Output frequencies from \textless 1 to \textgreater 400 MHz are supported. The nominal maximum output power of each channel is 10dBm. Each channel can be attenuated from 0 to -31.5 dB by a digital attenuator. RF switches (1ns temporal resolution) on each channel provide 70 dB isolation. + + 4410 DDS Urukul features AD9910 chips, while 4412 DDS Urukul features AD9912 chips. AD9912 is capable of higher frequency precision (~8 \textmu Hz) than the AD9910 (~0.25 Hz). The ARTIQ SU-Servo configuration is only available for AD9910. % Switch to next column \vfill\break @@ -797,90 +798,140 @@ The measured RMS voltage divided by the full scale ideal RMS voltage (i.e. $V_\m \end{figure} \newpage + \section{Configuring Operation Mode} -Mode of operation is specified by a DIP switch. The DIP switch can be found at the top right corner of the card. The following table summarizes the required setting for each mode. -\ding{51} indicates ON, while \ding{53} indicates OFF. -\begin{multicols}{2} + Mode of operation is specified by a DIP switch. The DIP switch can be found at the top right corner of the card. The following table summarizes the required setting for each mode. + \ding{51} indicates ON, while \ding{53} indicates OFF. -\begin{center} -\captionof{table}{DIP switch configurations} - \begin{tabular}{|l|cccc|} - \hline - \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{Mode}} & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{DIP Switch} \\ \cline{2-5} - \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{1} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{2} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{3} & 4 \\ \hline - Default & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{53}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{53}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{53}} & \ding{53} \\ \hline - SU-Servo & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{51}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{51}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{53}} & \ding{53} \\ \hline - \end{tabular} -\end{center} + \begin{multicols}{2} -\columnbreak + \begin{center} + \captionof{table}{DIP switch configurations} + \begin{tabular}{|l|cccc|} + \hline + \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{Mode}} & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{DIP Switch} \\ \cline{2-5} + \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{1} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{2} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{3} & 4 \\ \hline + Default & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{53}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{53}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{53}} & \ding{53} \\ \hline + SU-Servo & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{51}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{51}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\ding{53}} & \ding{53} \\ \hline + \end{tabular} + \end{center} -\begin{center} - \centering - \includegraphics[height=1.5in]{urukul_dip_switch.jpg} - \captionof{figure}{Position of DIP switch} -\end{center} + \columnbreak -\end{multicols} + \begin{center} + \centering + \includegraphics[height=1.5in]{urukul_dip_switch.jpg} + \captionof{figure}{Position of DIP switch} + \end{center} + + \end{multicols} \section{Urukul Single-/Double-EEM Modes} -4410/4412 DDS Urukul cards can operate with either a single or double EEM connections. When only EEM0 is connected, the card will act in single-EEM mode; when both EEM0 and EEM1 are connected, the card will act in double-EEM mode. 2-EEM mode when both EEM0 \& EEM1 are connected. Double-EEM mode provides these additional features in comparison to single-EEM mode: -\begin{itemize} - \item \textbf{1 ns temporal resolution RF switches} \\ - Without EEM1, the only way to access the switches is through the CPLD, using SPI. \\ - With EEM1, RF switches can be controlled as a TTL output through the LVDS transceiver. 1 ns temporal resolution can then be achieved using the ARTIQ RTIO system. + 4410/4412 DDS Urukul cards can operate with either a single or double EEM connections. When only EEM0 is connected, the card will act in single-EEM mode; when both EEM0 and EEM1 are connected, the card will act in double-EEM mode. 2-EEM mode when both EEM0 \& EEM1 are connected. Double-EEM mode provides these additional features in comparison to single-EEM mode: - \item \textbf{SU-Servo (4410 DDS Urukul feature)} \\ - SU-Servo requires both EEM0 \& EEM1 to allow the control of multiple DDS channels simultaneously using the QSPI interface. + \begin{itemize} + \item \textbf{1 ns temporal resolution RF switches} \\ + Without EEM1, the only way to access the switches is through the CPLD, using SPI. \\ + With EEM1, RF switches can be controlled as a TTL output through the LVDS transceiver. 1 ns temporal resolution can then be achieved using the ARTIQ RTIO system. -\end{itemize} + \item \textbf{SU-Servo (4410 DDS Urukul feature)} \\ + SU-Servo requires both EEM0 \& EEM1 to allow the control of multiple DDS channels simultaneously using the QSPI interface. + + \end{itemize} \newpage \codesection{4410/4412 DDS Urukul} -\subsection{10 MHz sinusoidal wave} -Generates a 10MHz sinusoid from RF0 with full scale amplitude, attenuated by 6 dB. Both the CPLD and the DDS channels should be initialized. By default, AD9910 single-tone profiles are programmed to profile 7. + \subsection{10 MHz sinusoidal wave} -\inputcolorboxminted{firstline=11,lastline=18}{examples/dds.py} + Generates a 10MHz sinusoid from RF0 with full scale amplitude, attenuated by 6 dB. Both the CPLD and the DDS channels should be initialized. By default, AD9910 single-tone profiles are programmed to profile 7. -If the synchronization feature of AD9910 is enabled, RF signal across different channels of the same Urukul can be synchronized. For example, phase-coherent RF signal can be produced on both channel 0 and channel 1 after configuring an appropriate phase mode. + \inputcolorboxminted{firstline=11,lastline=18}{examples/dds.py} -\inputcolorboxminted{firstline=28,lastline=43}{examples/dds.py} + If the synchronization feature of AD9910 is enabled, RF signal across different channels of the same Urukul can be synchronized. For example, phase-coherent RF signal can be produced on both channel 0 and channel 1 after configuring an appropriate phase mode. -Note that the phase difference between the 2 channels might not be exactly 0.25 turns, but it is a constant. It can be negated by adjusting the \texttt{phase} parameter. + \inputcolorboxminted{firstline=28,lastline=43}{examples/dds.py} + + Note that the phase difference between the 2 channels might not be exactly 0.25 turns, but it is a constant. It can be negated by adjusting the \texttt{phase} parameter. \newpage -\subsection{Periodic RF pulse (AD9910 Only)} -This example demonstrates that the RF signal can be modulated by amplitude using the RAM modulation feature of the AD9910. By default, RAM profiles are programmed to profile 0. -\inputcolorboxminted{firstline=53,lastline=91}{examples/dds.py} + \subsection{Periodic RF pulse (AD9910 Only)} -The generated RF output of the above example consists of the following features in sequence: -\begin{enumerate} - \item A 5 MHz RF pulse for 2 microseconds. - \item No signal for 1 microseconds. - \item A 5 MHz RF pulse for 1 microseconds. - \item No signal for 3 microseconds. - \item Go back to item 1. -\end{enumerate} -The expected waveform is plotted on the following figure. Note that phase of the RF pulses may drift gradually. -Urukul was operated with a 50$\Omega$ termination to produce the waveform. + This example demonstrates that the RF signal can be modulated by amplitude using the RAM modulation feature of the AD9910. By default, RAM profiles are programmed to profile 0. -\begin{tikzpicture}[ - declare function={ - func(\x)= (\x<0) * (0) + - and(\x>=0, \x<2) * (0.42*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + - and(\x>=2, \x<3) * (0) + - and(\x>=3, \x<4) * (0.42*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + - and(\x>=4, \x<7) * (0) + - and(\x>=7, \x<7.5) * (0.42*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))); - } -] -\begin{axis}[ - axis x line=middle, axis y line=middle, + \inputcolorboxminted{firstline=53,lastline=91}{examples/dds.py} + + The generated RF output of the above example consists of the following features in sequence: + \begin{enumerate} + \item A 5 MHz RF pulse for 2 microseconds. + \item No signal for 1 microseconds. + \item A 5 MHz RF pulse for 1 microseconds. + \item No signal for 3 microseconds. + \item Go back to item 1. + \end{enumerate} + The expected waveform is plotted on the following figure. Note that phase of the RF pulses may drift gradually. + Urukul was operated with a 50$\Omega$ termination to produce the waveform. + + \begin{tikzpicture}[ + declare function={ + func(\x)= (\x<0) * (0) + + and(\x>=0, \x<2) * (0.42*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + + and(\x>=2, \x<3) * (0) + + and(\x>=3, \x<4) * (0.42*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + + and(\x>=4, \x<7) * (0) + + and(\x>=7, \x<7.5) * (0.42*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))); + } + ] + \begin{axis}[ + axis x line=middle, axis y line=middle, + every axis x label/.style={ + at={(ticklabel* cs:1.05)}, + anchor=west, + }, + every axis y label/.style={ + at={(ticklabel* cs:1.05)}, + anchor=south, + }, + height=5cm, + width=16cm, + ymin=-0.5, ymax=0.5, ytick={-0.42,0.42}, ylabel=Voltage ($V$), + xmin=-0.5, xmax=7.5, xtick={0,...,7}, xlabel=Time ($\mu s$), + ] + + \addplot[blue, samples=1000, domain=-0.5:7.5]{func(x)}; + \end{axis} + \end{tikzpicture} + + \subsection{Simple amplitude ramp (AD9910 only)} + + An amplitude ramp of an RF signal can be generated by modifying the \texttt{self.amp} array in the previous example. + + \inputcolorboxminted{firstline=95,lastline=98}{examples/dds.py} + + The generated RF output has an incrementing amplitude scale factor (ASF), increasing by 0.1 at every microsecond. Once the ASF reaches 1.0, it drops back to 0.0 at the next microsecond. The expected waveform over 1 cycle is plotted on the following figure. Note that phase of the RF pulses may drift gradually. + Urukul was operated with a 50$\Omega$ termination to produce the waveform. + + \begin{tikzpicture}[ + declare function={ + func(\x)= and(\x>=0, \x<1) * (0) + + and(\x>=1, \x<2) * (0.05*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + + and(\x>=2, \x<3) * (0.1*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + + and(\x>=3, \x<4) * (0.15*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + + and(\x>=4, \x<5) * (0.2*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + + and(\x>=5, \x<6) * (0.25*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + + and(\x>=6, \x<7) * (0.3*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + + and(\x>=7, \x<8) * (0.35*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + + and(\x>=8, \x<9) * (0.4*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + + and(\x>=9, \x<10) * (0.45*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + + and(\x>=10, \x<11) * (0.5*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))); + } + ] + \begin{axis}[ + axis x line=middle, axis y line=middle, every axis x label/.style={ at={(ticklabel* cs:1.05)}, anchor=west, @@ -889,73 +940,30 @@ Urukul was operated with a 50$\Omega$ termination to produce the waveform. at={(ticklabel* cs:1.05)}, anchor=south, }, - height=5cm, - width=16cm, - ymin=-0.5, ymax=0.5, ytick={-0.42,0.42}, ylabel=Voltage ($V$), - xmin=-0.5, xmax=7.5, xtick={0,...,7}, xlabel=Time ($\mu s$), -] + minor tick num=4, + grid=both, + height=8cm, + width=16cm, + ymin=-0.7, ymax=0.7, ytick={-0.5,...,0,...,0.5}, ylabel=Voltage ($V$), + xmin=0, xmax=11.5, xtick={0,...,11}, xlabel=Time ($\mu s$), + ] -\addplot[blue, samples=1000, domain=-0.5:7.5]{func(x)}; -\end{axis} -\end{tikzpicture} - -\subsection{Simple amplitude ramp (AD9910 only)} -An amplitude ramp of an RF signal can be generated by modifying the \texttt{self.amp} array in the previous example. - -\inputcolorboxminted{firstline=95,lastline=98}{examples/dds.py} - -The generated RF output has an incrementing amplitude scale factor (ASF), increasing by 0.1 at every microsecond. Once the ASF reaches 1.0, it drops back to 0.0 at the next microsecond. The expected waveform over 1 cycle is plotted on the following figure. Note that phase of the RF pulses may drift gradually. -Urukul was operated with a 50$\Omega$ termination to produce the waveform. - -\begin{tikzpicture}[ - declare function={ - func(\x)= and(\x>=0, \x<1) * (0) + - and(\x>=1, \x<2) * (0.05*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + - and(\x>=2, \x<3) * (0.1*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + - and(\x>=3, \x<4) * (0.15*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + - and(\x>=4, \x<5) * (0.2*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + - and(\x>=5, \x<6) * (0.25*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + - and(\x>=6, \x<7) * (0.3*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + - and(\x>=7, \x<8) * (0.35*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + - and(\x>=8, \x<9) * (0.4*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + - and(\x>=9, \x<10) * (0.45*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))) + - and(\x>=10, \x<11) * (0.5*cos(deg(10*pi*\x))); - } -] -\begin{axis}[ - axis x line=middle, axis y line=middle, - every axis x label/.style={ - at={(ticklabel* cs:1.05)}, - anchor=west, - }, - every axis y label/.style={ - at={(ticklabel* cs:1.05)}, - anchor=south, - }, - minor tick num=4, - grid=both, - height=8cm, - width=16cm, - ymin=-0.7, ymax=0.7, ytick={-0.5,...,0,...,0.5}, ylabel=Voltage ($V$), - xmin=0, xmax=11.5, xtick={0,...,11}, xlabel=Time ($\mu s$), -] - -\addplot[blue, samples=1500, domain=0:11]{func(x)}; -\end{axis} -\end{tikzpicture} + \addplot[blue, samples=1500, domain=0:11]{func(x)}; + \end{axis} + \end{tikzpicture} \newpage -\subsection{RAM synchronization (AD9910 only)} -Multiple RAM channels can also be synchronized. Similar to the 10 MHz single-tone RF signals, specify \texttt{phase} when calling \texttt{dds.set()} in \texttt{configure\char`_ram\char`_mode}. For example, set phase to 0 for the channels (\texttt{phase=0.0}): + \subsection{RAM synchronization (AD9910 only)} + Multiple RAM channels can also be synchronized. Similar to the 10 MHz single-tone RF signals, specify \texttt{phase} when calling \texttt{dds.set()} in \texttt{configure\char`_ram\char`_mode}. For example, set phase to 0 for the channels (\texttt{phase=0.0}): -\inputcolorboxminted{firstline=116,lastline=116}{examples/dds.py} + \inputcolorboxminted{firstline=116,lastline=116}{examples/dds.py} -Then, replace the \texttt{run()} function with the following: + Then, replace the \texttt{run()} function with the following: -\inputcolorboxminted{firstline=122,lastline=134}{examples/dds.py} + \inputcolorboxminted{firstline=122,lastline=134}{examples/dds.py} -Two phase-coherent RF signal with the same waveform as the previous figure (from either RAM examples) should be generated. + Two phase-coherent RF signal with the same waveform as the previous figure (from either RAM examples) should be generated. \subsection{Voltage-controlled DDS amplitude (SU-Servo only)} The SU-Servo feature can be enabled by integrating the 4410 DDS Urukul with a 5108 Sampler. Amplitude of the DDS output can be controlled by the ADC input of the Sampler through PI control, characterised by the following transfer function: