diff --git a/buffered.rs b/buffered.rs
index 6739d44..7898006 100644
--- a/buffered.rs
+++ b/buffered.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 //! Buffering wrappers for I/O traits
 
+use core::prelude::v1::*;
 use crate::io::prelude::*;
 
-use crate::cmp;
-use crate::error;
-use crate::fmt;
+use core::cmp;
+use core::fmt;
 use crate::io::{
     self, Error, ErrorKind, Initializer, IoSlice, IoSliceMut, SeekFrom, DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE,
 };
-use crate::memchr;
+use crate::io::memchr;
 
 /// The `BufReader<R>` struct adds buffering to any reader.
 ///
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ use crate::memchr;
 ///     Ok(())
 /// }
 /// ```
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub struct BufReader<R> {
     inner: R,
     buf: Box<[u8]>,
@@ -74,7 +73,6 @@ impl<R: Read> BufReader<R> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn new(inner: R) -> BufReader<R> {
         BufReader::with_capacity(DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE, inner)
     }
@@ -95,7 +93,6 @@ impl<R: Read> BufReader<R> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize, inner: R) -> BufReader<R> {
         unsafe {
             let mut buffer = Vec::with_capacity(capacity);
@@ -125,7 +122,6 @@ impl<R> BufReader<R> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &R {
         &self.inner
     }
@@ -148,7 +144,6 @@ impl<R> BufReader<R> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut R {
         &mut self.inner
     }
@@ -174,7 +169,6 @@ impl<R> BufReader<R> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "bufreader_buffer", since = "1.37.0")]
     pub fn buffer(&self) -> &[u8] {
         &self.buf[self.pos..self.cap]
     }
@@ -198,7 +192,6 @@ impl<R> BufReader<R> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[unstable(feature = "buffered_io_capacity", issue = "68558")]
     pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize {
         self.buf.len()
     }
@@ -222,7 +215,6 @@ impl<R> BufReader<R> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn into_inner(self) -> R {
         self.inner
     }
@@ -240,7 +232,6 @@ impl<R: Seek> BufReader<R> {
     /// the buffer will not be flushed, allowing for more efficient seeks.
     /// This method does not return the location of the underlying reader, so the caller
     /// must track this information themselves if it is required.
-    #[unstable(feature = "bufreader_seek_relative", issue = "31100")]
     pub fn seek_relative(&mut self, offset: i64) -> io::Result<()> {
         let pos = self.pos as u64;
         if offset < 0 {
@@ -260,7 +251,6 @@ impl<R: Seek> BufReader<R> {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<R: Read> Read for BufReader<R> {
     fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
         // If we don't have any buffered data and we're doing a massive read
@@ -298,7 +288,6 @@ impl<R: Read> Read for BufReader<R> {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<R: Read> BufRead for BufReader<R> {
     fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> io::Result<&[u8]> {
         // If we've reached the end of our internal buffer then we need to fetch
@@ -318,7 +307,6 @@ impl<R: Read> BufRead for BufReader<R> {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<R> fmt::Debug for BufReader<R>
 where
     R: fmt::Debug,
@@ -331,7 +319,6 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<R: Seek> Seek for BufReader<R> {
     /// Seek to an offset, in bytes, in the underlying reader.
     ///
@@ -442,7 +429,6 @@ impl<R: Seek> Seek for BufReader<R> {
 /// [`TcpStream::write`]: ../../std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.write
 /// [`TcpStream`]: ../../std/net/struct.TcpStream.html
 /// [`flush`]: #method.flush
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub struct BufWriter<W: Write> {
     inner: Option<W>,
     buf: Vec<u8>,
@@ -477,7 +463,6 @@ pub struct BufWriter<W: Write> {
 /// };
 /// ```
 #[derive(Debug)]
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub struct IntoInnerError<W>(W, Error);
 
 impl<W: Write> BufWriter<W> {
@@ -492,7 +477,6 @@ impl<W: Write> BufWriter<W> {
     ///
     /// let mut buffer = BufWriter::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn new(inner: W) -> BufWriter<W> {
         BufWriter::with_capacity(DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE, inner)
     }
@@ -510,7 +494,6 @@ impl<W: Write> BufWriter<W> {
     /// let stream = TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap();
     /// let mut buffer = BufWriter::with_capacity(100, stream);
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize, inner: W) -> BufWriter<W> {
         BufWriter { inner: Some(inner), buf: Vec::with_capacity(capacity), panicked: false }
     }
@@ -557,7 +540,6 @@ impl<W: Write> BufWriter<W> {
     /// // we can use reference just like buffer
     /// let reference = buffer.get_ref();
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &W {
         self.inner.as_ref().unwrap()
     }
@@ -577,7 +559,6 @@ impl<W: Write> BufWriter<W> {
     /// // we can use reference just like buffer
     /// let reference = buffer.get_mut();
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut W {
         self.inner.as_mut().unwrap()
     }
@@ -595,7 +576,6 @@ impl<W: Write> BufWriter<W> {
     /// // See how many bytes are currently buffered
     /// let bytes_buffered = buf_writer.buffer().len();
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "bufreader_buffer", since = "1.37.0")]
     pub fn buffer(&self) -> &[u8] {
         &self.buf
     }
@@ -616,7 +596,6 @@ impl<W: Write> BufWriter<W> {
     /// // Calculate how many bytes can be written without flushing
     /// let without_flush = capacity - buf_writer.buffer().len();
     /// ```
-    #[unstable(feature = "buffered_io_capacity", issue = "68558")]
     pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize {
         self.buf.capacity()
     }
@@ -640,7 +619,6 @@ impl<W: Write> BufWriter<W> {
     /// // unwrap the TcpStream and flush the buffer
     /// let stream = buffer.into_inner().unwrap();
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn into_inner(mut self) -> Result<W, IntoInnerError<BufWriter<W>>> {
         match self.flush_buf() {
             Err(e) => Err(IntoInnerError(self, e)),
@@ -649,7 +627,6 @@ impl<W: Write> BufWriter<W> {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<W: Write> Write for BufWriter<W> {
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
         if self.buf.len() + buf.len() > self.buf.capacity() {
@@ -685,7 +662,6 @@ impl<W: Write> Write for BufWriter<W> {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<W: Write> fmt::Debug for BufWriter<W>
 where
     W: fmt::Debug,
@@ -698,7 +674,6 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<W: Write + Seek> Seek for BufWriter<W> {
     /// Seek to the offset, in bytes, in the underlying writer.
     ///
@@ -708,7 +683,6 @@ impl<W: Write + Seek> Seek for BufWriter<W> {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<W: Write> Drop for BufWriter<W> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         if self.inner.is_some() && !self.panicked {
@@ -747,7 +721,6 @@ impl<W> IntoInnerError<W> {
     ///     }
     /// };
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn error(&self) -> &Error {
         &self.1
     }
@@ -782,28 +755,17 @@ impl<W> IntoInnerError<W> {
     ///     }
     /// };
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn into_inner(self) -> W {
         self.0
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<W> From<IntoInnerError<W>> for Error {
     fn from(iie: IntoInnerError<W>) -> Error {
         iie.1
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-impl<W: Send + fmt::Debug> error::Error for IntoInnerError<W> {
-    #[allow(deprecated, deprecated_in_future)]
-    fn description(&self) -> &str {
-        error::Error::description(self.error())
-    }
-}
-
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<W> fmt::Display for IntoInnerError<W> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         self.error().fmt(f)
@@ -874,7 +836,6 @@ impl<W> fmt::Display for IntoInnerError<W> {
 ///     Ok(())
 /// }
 /// ```
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub struct LineWriter<W: Write> {
     inner: BufWriter<W>,
     need_flush: bool,
@@ -895,7 +856,6 @@ impl<W: Write> LineWriter<W> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn new(inner: W) -> LineWriter<W> {
         // Lines typically aren't that long, don't use a giant buffer
         LineWriter::with_capacity(1024, inner)
@@ -916,7 +876,6 @@ impl<W: Write> LineWriter<W> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize, inner: W) -> LineWriter<W> {
         LineWriter { inner: BufWriter::with_capacity(capacity, inner), need_flush: false }
     }
@@ -937,7 +896,6 @@ impl<W: Write> LineWriter<W> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &W {
         self.inner.get_ref()
     }
@@ -962,7 +920,6 @@ impl<W: Write> LineWriter<W> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut W {
         self.inner.get_mut()
     }
@@ -990,7 +947,6 @@ impl<W: Write> LineWriter<W> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn into_inner(self) -> Result<W, IntoInnerError<LineWriter<W>>> {
         self.inner.into_inner().map_err(|IntoInnerError(buf, e)| {
             IntoInnerError(LineWriter { inner: buf, need_flush: false }, e)
@@ -998,7 +954,6 @@ impl<W: Write> LineWriter<W> {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<W: Write> Write for LineWriter<W> {
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
         if self.need_flush {
@@ -1104,7 +1059,6 @@ impl<W: Write> Write for LineWriter<W> {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<W: Write> fmt::Debug for LineWriter<W>
 where
     W: fmt::Debug,
diff --git a/cursor.rs b/cursor.rs
index 9787cbb..1cf83d3 100644
--- a/cursor.rs
+++ b/cursor.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use crate::io::prelude::*;
 
-use crate::cmp;
+use core::cmp;
 use crate::io::{self, Error, ErrorKind, Initializer, IoSlice, IoSliceMut, SeekFrom};
 
-use core::convert::TryInto;
+#[cfg(feature="collections")] use core::convert::TryInto;
 
 /// A `Cursor` wraps an in-memory buffer and provides it with a
 /// [`Seek`] implementation.
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ use core::convert::TryInto;
 ///     assert_eq!(&buff.get_ref()[5..15], &[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]);
 /// }
 /// ```
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Cursor<T> {
     inner: T,
@@ -94,7 +93,6 @@ impl<T> Cursor<T> {
     /// # fn force_inference(_: &Cursor<Vec<u8>>) {}
     /// # force_inference(&buff);
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn new(inner: T) -> Cursor<T> {
         Cursor { pos: 0, inner: inner }
     }
@@ -112,7 +110,6 @@ impl<T> Cursor<T> {
     ///
     /// let vec = buff.into_inner();
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn into_inner(self) -> T {
         self.inner
     }
@@ -130,7 +127,6 @@ impl<T> Cursor<T> {
     ///
     /// let reference = buff.get_ref();
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &T {
         &self.inner
     }
@@ -151,7 +147,6 @@ impl<T> Cursor<T> {
     ///
     /// let reference = buff.get_mut();
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
         &mut self.inner
     }
@@ -175,7 +170,6 @@ impl<T> Cursor<T> {
     /// buff.seek(SeekFrom::Current(-1)).unwrap();
     /// assert_eq!(buff.position(), 1);
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn position(&self) -> u64 {
         self.pos
     }
@@ -197,13 +191,11 @@ impl<T> Cursor<T> {
     /// buff.set_position(4);
     /// assert_eq!(buff.position(), 4);
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn set_position(&mut self, pos: u64) {
         self.pos = pos;
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<T> io::Seek for Cursor<T>
 where
     T: AsRef<[u8]>,
@@ -243,13 +235,12 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<T> Read for Cursor<T>
 where
     T: AsRef<[u8]>,
 {
     fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        let n = Read::read(&mut self.fill_buf()?, buf)?;
+        let n = Read::read(&mut self.get_buf()?, buf)?;
         self.pos += n as u64;
         Ok(n)
     }
@@ -268,7 +259,7 @@ where
 
     fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
         let n = buf.len();
-        Read::read_exact(&mut self.fill_buf()?, buf)?;
+        Read::read_exact(&mut self.get_buf()?, buf)?;
         self.pos += n as u64;
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -279,15 +270,24 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-impl<T> BufRead for Cursor<T>
+impl<T> Cursor<T>
 where
     T: AsRef<[u8]>,
 {
-    fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> io::Result<&[u8]> {
+    fn get_buf(&mut self) -> io::Result<&[u8]> {
         let amt = cmp::min(self.pos, self.inner.as_ref().len() as u64);
         Ok(&self.inner.as_ref()[(amt as usize)..])
     }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
+impl<T> BufRead for Cursor<T>
+where
+    T: AsRef<[u8]>,
+{
+    fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> io::Result<&[u8]> {
+        self.get_buf()
+    }
     fn consume(&mut self, amt: usize) {
         self.pos += amt as u64;
     }
@@ -320,6 +320,7 @@ fn slice_write_vectored(
 }
 
 // Resizing write implementation
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 fn vec_write(pos_mut: &mut u64, vec: &mut Vec<u8>, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
     let pos: usize = (*pos_mut).try_into().map_err(|_| {
         Error::new(
@@ -348,6 +349,7 @@ fn vec_write(pos_mut: &mut u64, vec: &mut Vec<u8>, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usi
     Ok(buf.len())
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 fn vec_write_vectored(
     pos_mut: &mut u64,
     vec: &mut Vec<u8>,
@@ -360,7 +362,6 @@ fn vec_write_vectored(
     Ok(nwritten)
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl Write for Cursor<&mut [u8]> {
     #[inline]
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
@@ -378,7 +379,7 @@ impl Write for Cursor<&mut [u8]> {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "cursor_mut_vec", since = "1.25.0")]
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 impl Write for Cursor<&mut Vec<u8>> {
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
         vec_write(&mut self.pos, self.inner, buf)
@@ -394,7 +395,7 @@ impl Write for Cursor<&mut Vec<u8>> {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+#[cfg(feature = "collections")]
 impl Write for Cursor<Vec<u8>> {
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
         vec_write(&mut self.pos, &mut self.inner, buf)
@@ -410,8 +411,8 @@ impl Write for Cursor<Vec<u8>> {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "cursor_box_slice", since = "1.5.0")]
-impl Write for Cursor<Box<[u8]>> {
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+impl Write for Cursor<::alloc::boxed::Box<[u8]>> {
     #[inline]
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
         slice_write(&mut self.pos, &mut self.inner, buf)
diff --git a/error.rs b/error.rs
index 3b55d9b..c754d1f 100644
--- a/error.rs
+++ b/error.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
-use crate::convert::From;
-use crate::error;
-use crate::fmt;
-use crate::result;
-use crate::sys;
+use core::convert::From;
+use core::fmt;
+use core::result;
+
+use core::convert::Into;
+use core::marker::{Send, Sync};
+use core::option::Option::{self, Some, None};
+#[cfg(feature="alloc")] use alloc::boxed::Box;
+#[cfg(not(feature="alloc"))] use ::FakeBox as Box;
+#[cfg(feature="collections")] use collections::string::String;
+#[cfg(not(feature="collections"))] use ::ErrorString as String;
 
 /// A specialized [`Result`](../result/enum.Result.html) type for I/O
 /// operations.
@@ -38,7 +44,6 @@ use crate::sys;
 ///     Ok(buffer)
 /// }
 /// ```
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub type Result<T> = result::Result<T, Error>;
 
 /// The error type for I/O operations of the [`Read`], [`Write`], [`Seek`], and
@@ -52,12 +57,10 @@ pub type Result<T> = result::Result<T, Error>;
 /// [`Write`]: ../io/trait.Write.html
 /// [`Seek`]: ../io/trait.Seek.html
 /// [`ErrorKind`]: enum.ErrorKind.html
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub struct Error {
     repr: Repr,
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl fmt::Debug for Error {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         fmt::Debug::fmt(&self.repr, f)
@@ -67,13 +70,16 @@ impl fmt::Debug for Error {
 enum Repr {
     Os(i32),
     Simple(ErrorKind),
+    #[cfg(feature="alloc")]
     Custom(Box<Custom>),
+    #[cfg(not(feature="alloc"))]
+    Custom(Custom),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct Custom {
     kind: ErrorKind,
-    error: Box<dyn error::Error + Send + Sync>,
+    error: String,
 }
 
 /// A list specifying general categories of I/O error.
@@ -85,48 +91,35 @@ struct Custom {
 ///
 /// [`io::Error`]: struct.Error.html
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 #[allow(deprecated)]
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum ErrorKind {
     /// An entity was not found, often a file.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     NotFound,
     /// The operation lacked the necessary privileges to complete.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     PermissionDenied,
     /// The connection was refused by the remote server.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     ConnectionRefused,
     /// The connection was reset by the remote server.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     ConnectionReset,
     /// The connection was aborted (terminated) by the remote server.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     ConnectionAborted,
     /// The network operation failed because it was not connected yet.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     NotConnected,
     /// A socket address could not be bound because the address is already in
     /// use elsewhere.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     AddrInUse,
     /// A nonexistent interface was requested or the requested address was not
     /// local.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     AddrNotAvailable,
     /// The operation failed because a pipe was closed.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     BrokenPipe,
     /// An entity already exists, often a file.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     AlreadyExists,
     /// The operation needs to block to complete, but the blocking operation was
     /// requested to not occur.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     WouldBlock,
     /// A parameter was incorrect.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     InvalidInput,
     /// Data not valid for the operation were encountered.
     ///
@@ -138,10 +131,8 @@ pub enum ErrorKind {
     /// `InvalidData` if the file's contents are not valid UTF-8.
     ///
     /// [`InvalidInput`]: #variant.InvalidInput
-    #[stable(feature = "io_invalid_data", since = "1.2.0")]
     InvalidData,
     /// The I/O operation's timeout expired, causing it to be canceled.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     TimedOut,
     /// An error returned when an operation could not be completed because a
     /// call to [`write`] returned [`Ok(0)`].
@@ -152,15 +143,12 @@ pub enum ErrorKind {
     ///
     /// [`write`]: ../../std/io/trait.Write.html#tymethod.write
     /// [`Ok(0)`]: ../../std/io/type.Result.html
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     WriteZero,
     /// This operation was interrupted.
     ///
     /// Interrupted operations can typically be retried.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     Interrupted,
     /// Any I/O error not part of this list.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     Other,
 
     /// An error returned when an operation could not be completed because an
@@ -169,7 +157,6 @@ pub enum ErrorKind {
     /// This typically means that an operation could only succeed if it read a
     /// particular number of bytes but only a smaller number of bytes could be
     /// read.
-    #[stable(feature = "read_exact", since = "1.6.0")]
     UnexpectedEof,
 }
 
@@ -200,7 +187,6 @@ impl ErrorKind {
 
 /// Intended for use for errors not exposed to the user, where allocating onto
 /// the heap (for normal construction via Error::new) is too costly.
-#[stable(feature = "io_error_from_errorkind", since = "1.14.0")]
 impl From<ErrorKind> for Error {
     /// Converts an [`ErrorKind`] into an [`Error`].
     ///
@@ -243,36 +229,17 @@ impl Error {
     /// // errors can also be created from other errors
     /// let custom_error2 = Error::new(ErrorKind::Interrupted, custom_error);
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn new<E>(kind: ErrorKind, error: E) -> Error
     where
-        E: Into<Box<dyn error::Error + Send + Sync>>,
+        E: Into<String>,
     {
         Self::_new(kind, error.into())
     }
 
-    fn _new(kind: ErrorKind, error: Box<dyn error::Error + Send + Sync>) -> Error {
+    fn _new(kind: ErrorKind, error: String) -> Error {
         Error { repr: Repr::Custom(Box::new(Custom { kind, error })) }
     }
 
-    /// Returns an error representing the last OS error which occurred.
-    ///
-    /// This function reads the value of `errno` for the target platform (e.g.
-    /// `GetLastError` on Windows) and will return a corresponding instance of
-    /// `Error` for the error code.
-    ///
-    /// # Examples
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// use std::io::Error;
-    ///
-    /// println!("last OS error: {:?}", Error::last_os_error());
-    /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-    pub fn last_os_error() -> Error {
-        Error::from_raw_os_error(sys::os::errno() as i32)
-    }
-
     /// Creates a new instance of an `Error` from a particular OS error code.
     ///
     /// # Examples
@@ -298,7 +265,6 @@ impl Error {
     /// assert_eq!(error.kind(), io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput);
     /// # }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn from_raw_os_error(code: i32) -> Error {
         Error { repr: Repr::Os(code) }
     }
@@ -329,7 +295,6 @@ impl Error {
     ///     print_os_error(&Error::new(ErrorKind::Other, "oh no!"));
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn raw_os_error(&self) -> Option<i32> {
         match self.repr {
             Repr::Os(i) => Some(i),
@@ -363,12 +328,11 @@ impl Error {
     ///     print_error(&Error::new(ErrorKind::Other, "oh no!"));
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "io_error_inner", since = "1.3.0")]
-    pub fn get_ref(&self) -> Option<&(dyn error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static)> {
+    pub fn get_ref(&self) -> Option<&String> {
         match self.repr {
             Repr::Os(..) => None,
             Repr::Simple(..) => None,
-            Repr::Custom(ref c) => Some(&*c.error),
+            Repr::Custom(ref c) => Some(&c.error),
         }
     }
 
@@ -432,12 +396,11 @@ impl Error {
     ///     print_error(&change_error(Error::new(ErrorKind::Other, MyError::new())));
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "io_error_inner", since = "1.3.0")]
-    pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut (dyn error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static)> {
+    pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut String> {
         match self.repr {
             Repr::Os(..) => None,
             Repr::Simple(..) => None,
-            Repr::Custom(ref mut c) => Some(&mut *c.error),
+            Repr::Custom(ref mut c) => Some(&mut c.error),
         }
     }
 
@@ -466,8 +429,7 @@ impl Error {
     ///     print_error(Error::new(ErrorKind::Other, "oh no!"));
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "io_error_inner", since = "1.3.0")]
-    pub fn into_inner(self) -> Option<Box<dyn error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    pub fn into_inner(self) -> Option<String> {
         match self.repr {
             Repr::Os(..) => None,
             Repr::Simple(..) => None,
@@ -493,10 +455,9 @@ impl Error {
     ///     print_error(Error::new(ErrorKind::AddrInUse, "oh no!"));
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn kind(&self) -> ErrorKind {
         match self.repr {
-            Repr::Os(code) => sys::decode_error_kind(code),
+            Repr::Os(_code) => ErrorKind::Other,
             Repr::Custom(ref c) => c.kind,
             Repr::Simple(kind) => kind,
         }
@@ -509,8 +470,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for Repr {
             Repr::Os(code) => fmt
                 .debug_struct("Os")
                 .field("code", &code)
-                .field("kind", &sys::decode_error_kind(code))
-                .field("message", &sys::os::error_string(code))
                 .finish(),
             Repr::Custom(ref c) => fmt::Debug::fmt(&c, fmt),
             Repr::Simple(kind) => fmt.debug_tuple("Kind").field(&kind).finish(),
@@ -518,13 +477,11 @@ impl fmt::Debug for Repr {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl fmt::Display for Error {
     fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match self.repr {
             Repr::Os(code) => {
-                let detail = sys::os::error_string(code);
-                write!(fmt, "{} (os error {})", detail, code)
+                write!(fmt, "os error {}", code)
             }
             Repr::Custom(ref c) => c.error.fmt(fmt),
             Repr::Simple(kind) => write!(fmt, "{}", kind.as_str()),
@@ -532,34 +489,6 @@ impl fmt::Display for Error {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-impl error::Error for Error {
-    #[allow(deprecated, deprecated_in_future)]
-    fn description(&self) -> &str {
-        match self.repr {
-            Repr::Os(..) | Repr::Simple(..) => self.kind().as_str(),
-            Repr::Custom(ref c) => c.error.description(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[allow(deprecated)]
-    fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn error::Error> {
-        match self.repr {
-            Repr::Os(..) => None,
-            Repr::Simple(..) => None,
-            Repr::Custom(ref c) => c.error.cause(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn error::Error + 'static)> {
-        match self.repr {
-            Repr::Os(..) => None,
-            Repr::Simple(..) => None,
-            Repr::Custom(ref c) => c.error.source(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 fn _assert_error_is_sync_send() {
     fn _is_sync_send<T: Sync + Send>() {}
     _is_sync_send::<Error>();
diff --git a/impls.rs b/impls.rs
index b7f82e6..c857f83 100644
--- a/impls.rs
+++ b/impls.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
-use crate::cmp;
-use crate::fmt;
+use core::cmp;
+use core::fmt;
 use crate::io::{
-    self, BufRead, Error, ErrorKind, Initializer, IoSlice, IoSliceMut, Read, Seek, SeekFrom, Write,
+    self, Error, ErrorKind, Initializer, IoSlice, IoSliceMut, Read, Seek, SeekFrom, Write,
 };
-use crate::mem;
+#[cfg(feature="collections")] use crate::io::BufRead;
+use core::mem;
+
+#[cfg(feature="alloc")] use alloc::boxed::Box;
+#[cfg(feature="collections")] use collections::string::String;
+#[cfg(feature="collections")] use collections::vec::Vec;
 
 // =============================================================================
 // Forwarding implementations
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut R {
     #[inline]
     fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
@@ -25,11 +29,13 @@ impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut R {
         (**self).initializer()
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature="collections")]
     #[inline]
     fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> io::Result<usize> {
         (**self).read_to_end(buf)
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature="collections")]
     #[inline]
     fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> io::Result<usize> {
         (**self).read_to_string(buf)
@@ -40,7 +46,6 @@ impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut R {
         (**self).read_exact(buf)
     }
 }
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W {
     #[inline]
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
@@ -67,14 +72,13 @@ impl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W {
         (**self).write_fmt(fmt)
     }
 }
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<S: Seek + ?Sized> Seek for &mut S {
     #[inline]
     fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> io::Result<u64> {
         (**self).seek(pos)
     }
 }
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 impl<B: BufRead + ?Sized> BufRead for &mut B {
     #[inline]
     fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> io::Result<&[u8]> {
@@ -97,7 +101,7 @@ impl<B: BufRead + ?Sized> BufRead for &mut B {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+#[cfg(feature="alloc")]
 impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for Box<R> {
     #[inline]
     fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
@@ -114,11 +118,13 @@ impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for Box<R> {
         (**self).initializer()
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature="collections")]
     #[inline]
     fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> io::Result<usize> {
         (**self).read_to_end(buf)
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature="collections")]
     #[inline]
     fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> io::Result<usize> {
         (**self).read_to_string(buf)
@@ -129,7 +135,7 @@ impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for Box<R> {
         (**self).read_exact(buf)
     }
 }
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+#[cfg(feature="alloc")]
 impl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for Box<W> {
     #[inline]
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
@@ -156,14 +162,14 @@ impl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for Box<W> {
         (**self).write_fmt(fmt)
     }
 }
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+#[cfg(feature="alloc")]
 impl<S: Seek + ?Sized> Seek for Box<S> {
     #[inline]
     fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> io::Result<u64> {
         (**self).seek(pos)
     }
 }
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 impl<B: BufRead + ?Sized> BufRead for Box<B> {
     #[inline]
     fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> io::Result<&[u8]> {
@@ -207,7 +213,6 @@ impl Write for Box<dyn (::realstd::io::Write) + Send> {
 ///
 /// Note that reading updates the slice to point to the yet unread part.
 /// The slice will be empty when EOF is reached.
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl Read for &[u8] {
     #[inline]
     fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
@@ -265,6 +270,7 @@ impl Read for &[u8] {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature="collections")]
     #[inline]
     fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> io::Result<usize> {
         buf.extend_from_slice(*self);
@@ -274,7 +280,7 @@ impl Read for &[u8] {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 impl BufRead for &[u8] {
     #[inline]
     fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> io::Result<&[u8]> {
@@ -292,7 +298,6 @@ impl BufRead for &[u8] {
 ///
 /// Note that writing updates the slice to point to the yet unwritten part.
 /// The slice will be empty when it has been completely overwritten.
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl Write for &mut [u8] {
     #[inline]
     fn write(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
@@ -333,7 +338,7 @@ impl Write for &mut [u8] {
 
 /// Write is implemented for `Vec<u8>` by appending to the vector.
 /// The vector will grow as needed.
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 impl Write for Vec<u8> {
     #[inline]
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
diff --git a/mod.rs b/mod.rs
index 67b382c..f8ccb5e 100644
--- a/mod.rs
+++ b/mod.rs
@@ -257,53 +257,43 @@
 //! [`Result`]: ../result/enum.Result.html
 //! [`.unwrap()`]: ../result/enum.Result.html#method.unwrap
 
-#![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-
-use crate::cmp;
-use crate::fmt;
-use crate::memchr;
-use crate::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
-use crate::ptr;
-use crate::slice;
-use crate::str;
-use crate::sys;
-
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-pub use self::buffered::IntoInnerError;
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-pub use self::buffered::{BufReader, BufWriter, LineWriter};
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+use core::cmp;
+use core::fmt;
+#[cfg(not(core_memchr))]
+mod memchr;
+#[cfg(all(feature="collections",core_memchr))]
+use core::slice::memchr;
+use core::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use core::ptr;
+use core::slice;
+use core::str;
+
+#[cfg(feature="collections")] pub use self::buffered::IntoInnerError;
+#[cfg(feature="collections")] pub use self::buffered::{BufReader, BufWriter, LineWriter};
+
 pub use self::cursor::Cursor;
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub use self::error::{Error, ErrorKind, Result};
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-pub use self::stdio::{stderr, stdin, stdout, Stderr, Stdin, Stdout};
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-pub use self::stdio::{StderrLock, StdinLock, StdoutLock};
-#[unstable(feature = "print_internals", issue = "none")]
-pub use self::stdio::{_eprint, _print};
-#[unstable(feature = "libstd_io_internals", issue = "42788")]
-#[doc(no_inline, hidden)]
-pub use self::stdio::{set_panic, set_print};
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub use self::util::{copy, empty, repeat, sink, Empty, Repeat, Sink};
 
-mod buffered;
+#[cfg(feature="collections")] use collections::string::String;
+#[cfg(feature="collections")] use collections::vec::Vec;
+
+#[cfg(feature="collections")] mod buffered;
 mod cursor;
 mod error;
 mod impls;
-mod lazy;
 pub mod prelude;
-mod stdio;
 mod util;
 
-const DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE: usize = crate::sys_common::io::DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE;
+const DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE: usize = 8 * 1024;
 
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 struct Guard<'a> {
     buf: &'a mut Vec<u8>,
     len: usize,
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 impl Drop for Guard<'_> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         unsafe {
@@ -330,6 +320,7 @@ impl Drop for Guard<'_> {
 // 2. We're passing a raw buffer to the function `f`, and it is expected that
 //    the function only *appends* bytes to the buffer. We'll get undefined
 //    behavior if existing bytes are overwritten to have non-UTF-8 data.
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 fn append_to_string<F>(buf: &mut String, f: F) -> Result<usize>
 where
     F: FnOnce(&mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize>,
@@ -357,10 +348,12 @@ where
 //
 // Because we're extending the buffer with uninitialized data for trusted
 // readers, we need to make sure to truncate that if any of this panics.
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 fn read_to_end<R: Read + ?Sized>(r: &mut R, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize> {
     read_to_end_with_reservation(r, buf, |_| 32)
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 fn read_to_end_with_reservation<R, F>(
     r: &mut R,
     buf: &mut Vec<u8>,
@@ -496,7 +489,6 @@ where
 /// [`BufReader`]: struct.BufReader.html
 /// [`&str`]: ../../std/primitive.str.html
 /// [slice]: ../../std/primitive.slice.html
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 #[doc(spotlight)]
 pub trait Read {
     /// Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer, returning
@@ -564,7 +556,6 @@ pub trait Read {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize>;
 
     /// Like `read`, except that it reads into a slice of buffers.
@@ -575,7 +566,6 @@ pub trait Read {
     ///
     /// The default implementation calls `read` with either the first nonempty
     /// buffer provided, or an empty one if none exists.
-    #[stable(feature = "iovec", since = "1.36.0")]
     fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<usize> {
         default_read_vectored(|b| self.read(b), bufs)
     }
@@ -602,7 +592,6 @@ pub trait Read {
     ///
     /// [`Initializer::nop()`]: ../../std/io/struct.Initializer.html#method.nop
     /// [`Initializer`]: ../../std/io/struct.Initializer.html
-    #[unstable(feature = "read_initializer", issue = "42788")]
     #[inline]
     unsafe fn initializer(&self) -> Initializer {
         Initializer::zeroing()
@@ -655,7 +644,7 @@ pub trait Read {
     /// file.)
     ///
     /// [`std::fs::read`]: ../fs/fn.read.html
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    #[cfg(feature="collections")]
     fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize> {
         read_to_end(self, buf)
     }
@@ -698,7 +687,7 @@ pub trait Read {
     /// reading from a file.)
     ///
     /// [`std::fs::read_to_string`]: ../fs/fn.read_to_string.html
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+    #[cfg(feature="collections")]
     fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize> {
         // Note that we do *not* call `.read_to_end()` here. We are passing
         // `&mut Vec<u8>` (the raw contents of `buf`) into the `read_to_end`
@@ -761,7 +750,6 @@ pub trait Read {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "read_exact", since = "1.6.0")]
     fn read_exact(&mut self, mut buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<()> {
         while !buf.is_empty() {
             match self.read(buf) {
@@ -815,7 +803,6 @@ pub trait Read {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self
     where
         Self: Sized,
@@ -857,7 +844,6 @@ pub trait Read {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn bytes(self) -> Bytes<Self>
     where
         Self: Sized,
@@ -895,7 +881,6 @@ pub trait Read {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn chain<R: Read>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R>
     where
         Self: Sized,
@@ -934,7 +919,6 @@ pub trait Read {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>
     where
         Self: Sized,
@@ -943,16 +927,59 @@ pub trait Read {
     }
 }
 
+pub struct IoVecBuffer<'a>(&'a [u8]);
+
+impl<'a> IoVecBuffer<'a> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new(buf: &'a [u8]) -> IoVecBuffer<'a> {
+        IoVecBuffer(buf)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn advance(&mut self, n: usize) {
+        self.0 = &self.0[n..]
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct IoVecMutBuffer<'a>(&'a mut [u8]);
+
+impl<'a> IoVecMutBuffer<'a> {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new(buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> IoVecMutBuffer<'a> {
+        IoVecMutBuffer(buf)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn advance(&mut self, n: usize) {
+        let slice = core::mem::replace(&mut self.0, &mut []);
+        let (_, remaining) = slice.split_at_mut(n);
+        self.0 = remaining;
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        self.0
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn as_mut_slice(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
 /// A buffer type used with `Read::read_vectored`.
 ///
 /// It is semantically a wrapper around an `&mut [u8]`, but is guaranteed to be
 /// ABI compatible with the `iovec` type on Unix platforms and `WSABUF` on
 /// Windows.
-#[stable(feature = "iovec", since = "1.36.0")]
 #[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct IoSliceMut<'a>(sys::io::IoSliceMut<'a>);
+pub struct IoSliceMut<'a>(IoVecMutBuffer<'a>);
 
-#[stable(feature = "iovec", since = "1.36.0")]
 impl<'a> fmt::Debug for IoSliceMut<'a> {
     fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         fmt::Debug::fmt(self.0.as_slice(), fmt)
@@ -965,10 +992,9 @@ impl<'a> IoSliceMut<'a> {
     /// # Panics
     ///
     /// Panics on Windows if the slice is larger than 4GB.
-    #[stable(feature = "iovec", since = "1.36.0")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn new(buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> IoSliceMut<'a> {
-        IoSliceMut(sys::io::IoSliceMut::new(buf))
+        IoSliceMut(IoVecMutBuffer::new(buf))
     }
 
     /// Advance the internal cursor of the slice.
@@ -1003,7 +1029,6 @@ impl<'a> IoSliceMut<'a> {
     /// assert_eq!(bufs[0].deref(), [2; 14].as_ref());
     /// assert_eq!(bufs[1].deref(), [3; 8].as_ref());
     /// ```
-    #[unstable(feature = "io_slice_advance", issue = "62726")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn advance<'b>(bufs: &'b mut [IoSliceMut<'a>], n: usize) -> &'b mut [IoSliceMut<'a>] {
         // Number of buffers to remove.
@@ -1027,7 +1052,6 @@ impl<'a> IoSliceMut<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "iovec", since = "1.36.0")]
 impl<'a> Deref for IoSliceMut<'a> {
     type Target = [u8];
 
@@ -1037,7 +1061,6 @@ impl<'a> Deref for IoSliceMut<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "iovec", since = "1.36.0")]
 impl<'a> DerefMut for IoSliceMut<'a> {
     #[inline]
     fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
@@ -1050,11 +1073,9 @@ impl<'a> DerefMut for IoSliceMut<'a> {
 /// It is semantically a wrapper around an `&[u8]`, but is guaranteed to be
 /// ABI compatible with the `iovec` type on Unix platforms and `WSABUF` on
 /// Windows.
-#[stable(feature = "iovec", since = "1.36.0")]
 #[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct IoSlice<'a>(sys::io::IoSlice<'a>);
+pub struct IoSlice<'a>(IoVecBuffer<'a>);
 
-#[stable(feature = "iovec", since = "1.36.0")]
 impl<'a> fmt::Debug for IoSlice<'a> {
     fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         fmt::Debug::fmt(self.0.as_slice(), fmt)
@@ -1067,10 +1088,9 @@ impl<'a> IoSlice<'a> {
     /// # Panics
     ///
     /// Panics on Windows if the slice is larger than 4GB.
-    #[stable(feature = "iovec", since = "1.36.0")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn new(buf: &'a [u8]) -> IoSlice<'a> {
-        IoSlice(sys::io::IoSlice::new(buf))
+        IoSlice(IoVecBuffer::new(buf))
     }
 
     /// Advance the internal cursor of the slice.
@@ -1104,7 +1124,6 @@ impl<'a> IoSlice<'a> {
     /// bufs = IoSlice::advance(bufs, 10);
     /// assert_eq!(bufs[0].deref(), [2; 14].as_ref());
     /// assert_eq!(bufs[1].deref(), [3; 8].as_ref());
-    #[unstable(feature = "io_slice_advance", issue = "62726")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn advance<'b>(bufs: &'b mut [IoSlice<'a>], n: usize) -> &'b mut [IoSlice<'a>] {
         // Number of buffers to remove.
@@ -1128,7 +1147,6 @@ impl<'a> IoSlice<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "iovec", since = "1.36.0")]
 impl<'a> Deref for IoSlice<'a> {
     type Target = [u8];
 
@@ -1139,13 +1157,11 @@ impl<'a> Deref for IoSlice<'a> {
 }
 
 /// A type used to conditionally initialize buffers passed to `Read` methods.
-#[unstable(feature = "read_initializer", issue = "42788")]
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Initializer(bool);
 
 impl Initializer {
     /// Returns a new `Initializer` which will zero out buffers.
-    #[unstable(feature = "read_initializer", issue = "42788")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn zeroing() -> Initializer {
         Initializer(true)
@@ -1159,21 +1175,18 @@ impl Initializer {
     /// read from buffers passed to `Read` methods, and that the return value of
     /// the method accurately reflects the number of bytes that have been
     /// written to the head of the buffer.
-    #[unstable(feature = "read_initializer", issue = "42788")]
     #[inline]
     pub unsafe fn nop() -> Initializer {
         Initializer(false)
     }
 
     /// Indicates if a buffer should be initialized.
-    #[unstable(feature = "read_initializer", issue = "42788")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn should_initialize(&self) -> bool {
         self.0
     }
 
     /// Initializes a buffer if necessary.
-    #[unstable(feature = "read_initializer", issue = "42788")]
     #[inline]
     pub fn initialize(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) {
         if self.should_initialize() {
@@ -1227,7 +1240,6 @@ impl Initializer {
 /// `write` in a loop until its entire input has been written.
 ///
 /// [`write_all`]: #method.write_all
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 #[doc(spotlight)]
 pub trait Write {
     /// Write a buffer into this writer, returning how many bytes were written.
@@ -1276,7 +1288,6 @@ pub trait Write {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize>;
 
     /// Like `write`, except that it writes from a slice of buffers.
@@ -1287,7 +1298,6 @@ pub trait Write {
     ///
     /// The default implementation calls `write` with either the first nonempty
     /// buffer provided, or an empty one if none exists.
-    #[stable(feature = "iovec", since = "1.36.0")]
     fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<usize> {
         default_write_vectored(|b| self.write(b), bufs)
     }
@@ -1315,7 +1325,6 @@ pub trait Write {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<()>;
 
     /// Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer.
@@ -1350,7 +1359,6 @@ pub trait Write {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn write_all(&mut self, mut buf: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
         while !buf.is_empty() {
             match self.write(buf) {
@@ -1403,7 +1411,6 @@ pub trait Write {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn write_fmt(&mut self, fmt: fmt::Arguments<'_>) -> Result<()> {
         // Create a shim which translates a Write to a fmt::Write and saves
         // off I/O errors. instead of discarding them
@@ -1459,7 +1466,6 @@ pub trait Write {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self
     where
         Self: Sized,
@@ -1494,7 +1500,6 @@ pub trait Write {
 ///     Ok(())
 /// }
 /// ```
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub trait Seek {
     /// Seek to an offset, in bytes, in a stream.
     ///
@@ -1510,7 +1515,6 @@ pub trait Seek {
     /// Seeking to a negative offset is considered an error.
     ///
     /// [`SeekFrom::Start`]: enum.SeekFrom.html#variant.Start
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> Result<u64>;
 
     /// Returns the length of this stream (in bytes).
@@ -1548,7 +1552,6 @@ pub trait Seek {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[unstable(feature = "seek_convenience", issue = "59359")]
     fn stream_len(&mut self) -> Result<u64> {
         let old_pos = self.stream_position()?;
         let len = self.seek(SeekFrom::End(0))?;
@@ -1587,7 +1590,6 @@ pub trait Seek {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[unstable(feature = "seek_convenience", issue = "59359")]
     fn stream_position(&mut self) -> Result<u64> {
         self.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0))
     }
@@ -1599,29 +1601,26 @@ pub trait Seek {
 ///
 /// [`Seek`]: trait.Seek.html
 #[derive(Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug)]
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub enum SeekFrom {
     /// Sets the offset to the provided number of bytes.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-    Start(#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] u64),
+    Start(u64),
 
     /// Sets the offset to the size of this object plus the specified number of
     /// bytes.
     ///
     /// It is possible to seek beyond the end of an object, but it's an error to
     /// seek before byte 0.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-    End(#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] i64),
+    End(i64),
 
     /// Sets the offset to the current position plus the specified number of
     /// bytes.
     ///
     /// It is possible to seek beyond the end of an object, but it's an error to
     /// seek before byte 0.
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-    Current(#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] i64),
+    Current(i64),
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 fn read_until<R: BufRead + ?Sized>(r: &mut R, delim: u8, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize> {
     let mut read = 0;
     loop {
@@ -1700,7 +1699,7 @@ fn read_until<R: BufRead + ?Sized>(r: &mut R, delim: u8, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> R
 /// }
 /// ```
 ///
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 pub trait BufRead: Read {
     /// Returns the contents of the internal buffer, filling it with more data
     /// from the inner reader if it is empty.
@@ -1741,7 +1740,6 @@ pub trait BufRead: Read {
     /// let length = buffer.len();
     /// stdin.consume(length);
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> Result<&[u8]>;
 
     /// Tells this buffer that `amt` bytes have been consumed from the buffer,
@@ -1763,7 +1761,6 @@ pub trait BufRead: Read {
     /// that method's example includes an example of `consume()`.
     ///
     /// [`fill_buf`]: #tymethod.fill_buf
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn consume(&mut self, amt: usize);
 
     /// Read all bytes into `buf` until the delimiter `byte` or EOF is reached.
@@ -1819,7 +1816,6 @@ pub trait BufRead: Read {
     /// assert_eq!(num_bytes, 0);
     /// assert_eq!(buf, b"");
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn read_until(&mut self, byte: u8, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize> {
         read_until(self, byte, buf)
     }
@@ -1878,7 +1874,6 @@ pub trait BufRead: Read {
     /// assert_eq!(num_bytes, 0);
     /// assert_eq!(buf, "");
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn read_line(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize> {
         // Note that we are not calling the `.read_until` method here, but
         // rather our hardcoded implementation. For more details as to why, see
@@ -1919,7 +1914,6 @@ pub trait BufRead: Read {
     /// assert_eq!(split_iter.next(), Some(b"dolor".to_vec()));
     /// assert_eq!(split_iter.next(), None);
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn split(self, byte: u8) -> Split<Self>
     where
         Self: Sized,
@@ -1961,7 +1955,6 @@ pub trait BufRead: Read {
     /// Each line of the iterator has the same error semantics as [`BufRead::read_line`].
     ///
     /// [`BufRead::read_line`]: trait.BufRead.html#method.read_line
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     fn lines(self) -> Lines<Self>
     where
         Self: Sized,
@@ -1976,7 +1969,6 @@ pub trait BufRead: Read {
 /// Please see the documentation of [`chain`] for more details.
 ///
 /// [`chain`]: trait.Read.html#method.chain
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub struct Chain<T, U> {
     first: T,
     second: U,
@@ -2002,7 +1994,6 @@ impl<T, U> Chain<T, U> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "more_io_inner_methods", since = "1.20.0")]
     pub fn into_inner(self) -> (T, U) {
         (self.first, self.second)
     }
@@ -2025,7 +2016,6 @@ impl<T, U> Chain<T, U> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "more_io_inner_methods", since = "1.20.0")]
     pub fn get_ref(&self) -> (&T, &U) {
         (&self.first, &self.second)
     }
@@ -2052,20 +2042,17 @@ impl<T, U> Chain<T, U> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "more_io_inner_methods", since = "1.20.0")]
     pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> (&mut T, &mut U) {
         (&mut self.first, &mut self.second)
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "std_debug", since = "1.16.0")]
 impl<T: fmt::Debug, U: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for Chain<T, U> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         f.debug_struct("Chain").field("t", &self.first).field("u", &self.second).finish()
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<T: Read, U: Read> Read for Chain<T, U> {
     fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
         if !self.done_first {
@@ -2093,7 +2080,7 @@ impl<T: Read, U: Read> Read for Chain<T, U> {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "chain_bufread", since = "1.9.0")]
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 impl<T: BufRead, U: BufRead> BufRead for Chain<T, U> {
     fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> Result<&[u8]> {
         if !self.done_first {
@@ -2118,7 +2105,6 @@ impl<T: BufRead, U: BufRead> BufRead for Chain<T, U> {
 /// Please see the documentation of [`take`] for more details.
 ///
 /// [`take`]: trait.Read.html#method.take
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Take<T> {
     inner: T,
@@ -2153,7 +2139,6 @@ impl<T> Take<T> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
     pub fn limit(&self) -> u64 {
         self.limit
     }
@@ -2181,7 +2166,6 @@ impl<T> Take<T> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "take_set_limit", since = "1.27.0")]
     pub fn set_limit(&mut self, limit: u64) {
         self.limit = limit;
     }
@@ -2206,7 +2190,6 @@ impl<T> Take<T> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "io_take_into_inner", since = "1.15.0")]
     pub fn into_inner(self) -> T {
         self.inner
     }
@@ -2231,7 +2214,6 @@ impl<T> Take<T> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "more_io_inner_methods", since = "1.20.0")]
     pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &T {
         &self.inner
     }
@@ -2260,13 +2242,11 @@ impl<T> Take<T> {
     ///     Ok(())
     /// }
     /// ```
-    #[stable(feature = "more_io_inner_methods", since = "1.20.0")]
     pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
         &mut self.inner
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<T: Read> Read for Take<T> {
     fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
         // Don't call into inner reader at all at EOF because it may still block
@@ -2284,6 +2264,7 @@ impl<T: Read> Read for Take<T> {
         self.inner.initializer()
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature="collections")]
     fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize> {
         // Pass in a reservation_size closure that respects the current value
         // of limit for each read. If we hit the read limit, this prevents the
@@ -2292,7 +2273,7 @@ impl<T: Read> Read for Take<T> {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 impl<T: BufRead> BufRead for Take<T> {
     fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> Result<&[u8]> {
         // Don't call into inner reader at all at EOF because it may still block
@@ -2319,13 +2300,11 @@ impl<T: BufRead> BufRead for Take<T> {
 /// Please see the documentation of [`bytes`] for more details.
 ///
 /// [`bytes`]: trait.Read.html#method.bytes
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Bytes<R> {
     inner: R,
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl<R: Read> Iterator for Bytes<R> {
     type Item = Result<u8>;
 
@@ -2349,14 +2328,14 @@ impl<R: Read> Iterator for Bytes<R> {
 /// Please see the documentation of [`split`] for more details.
 ///
 /// [`split`]: trait.BufRead.html#method.split
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Split<B> {
     buf: B,
     delim: u8,
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 impl<B: BufRead> Iterator for Split<B> {
     type Item = Result<Vec<u8>>;
 
@@ -2381,13 +2360,13 @@ impl<B: BufRead> Iterator for Split<B> {
 /// Please see the documentation of [`lines`] for more details.
 ///
 /// [`lines`]: trait.BufRead.html#method.lines
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Lines<B> {
     buf: B,
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 impl<B: BufRead> Iterator for Lines<B> {
     type Item = Result<String>;
 
diff --git a/prelude.rs b/prelude.rs
index 3baab2b..7d96d23 100644
--- a/prelude.rs
+++ b/prelude.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 //! use std::io::prelude::*;
 //! ```
 
-#![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+pub use super::{Read, Seek, Write};
+#[cfg(feature="collections")] pub use super::BufRead;
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-pub use super::{BufRead, Read, Seek, Write};
+#[cfg(feature="collections")] pub use alloc::boxed::Box;
+#[cfg(feature="collections")] pub use collections::vec::Vec;
diff --git a/util.rs b/util.rs
index b09161b..e52119e 100644
--- a/util.rs
+++ b/util.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 #![allow(missing_copy_implementations)]
 
-use crate::fmt;
-use crate::io::{self, BufRead, ErrorKind, Initializer, IoSlice, IoSliceMut, Read, Write};
-use crate::mem::MaybeUninit;
+use core::fmt;
+use crate::io::{self, ErrorKind, Initializer, IoSlice, IoSliceMut, Read, Write};
+#[cfg(feature="collections")] use crate::io::BufRead;
+use core::mem::MaybeUninit;
 
 /// Copies the entire contents of a reader into a writer.
 ///
@@ -39,7 +40,6 @@ use crate::mem::MaybeUninit;
 ///     Ok(())
 /// }
 /// ```
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub fn copy<R: ?Sized, W: ?Sized>(reader: &mut R, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<u64>
 where
     R: Read,
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ where
 /// the documentation of [`empty()`][`empty`] for more details.
 ///
 /// [`empty`]: fn.empty.html
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub struct Empty {
     _priv: (),
 }
@@ -96,12 +95,10 @@ pub struct Empty {
 /// io::empty().read_to_string(&mut buffer).unwrap();
 /// assert!(buffer.is_empty());
 /// ```
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub fn empty() -> Empty {
     Empty { _priv: () }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl Read for Empty {
     #[inline]
     fn read(&mut self, _buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
@@ -113,7 +110,8 @@ impl Read for Empty {
         Initializer::nop()
     }
 }
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+
+#[cfg(feature="collections")]
 impl BufRead for Empty {
     #[inline]
     fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> io::Result<&[u8]> {
@@ -123,7 +121,6 @@ impl BufRead for Empty {
     fn consume(&mut self, _n: usize) {}
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "std_debug", since = "1.16.0")]
 impl fmt::Debug for Empty {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         f.pad("Empty { .. }")
@@ -136,7 +133,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for Empty {
 /// see the documentation of `repeat()` for more details.
 ///
 /// [repeat]: fn.repeat.html
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub struct Repeat {
     byte: u8,
 }
@@ -155,12 +151,10 @@ pub struct Repeat {
 /// io::repeat(0b101).read_exact(&mut buffer).unwrap();
 /// assert_eq!(buffer, [0b101, 0b101, 0b101]);
 /// ```
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub fn repeat(byte: u8) -> Repeat {
     Repeat { byte }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl Read for Repeat {
     #[inline]
     fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
@@ -185,7 +179,6 @@ impl Read for Repeat {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "std_debug", since = "1.16.0")]
 impl fmt::Debug for Repeat {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         f.pad("Repeat { .. }")
@@ -198,7 +191,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for Repeat {
 /// see the documentation of `sink()` for more details.
 ///
 /// [sink]: fn.sink.html
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub struct Sink {
     _priv: (),
 }
@@ -217,12 +209,10 @@ pub struct Sink {
 /// let num_bytes = io::sink().write(&buffer).unwrap();
 /// assert_eq!(num_bytes, 5);
 /// ```
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub fn sink() -> Sink {
     Sink { _priv: () }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl Write for Sink {
     #[inline]
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
@@ -241,7 +231,6 @@ impl Write for Sink {
     }
 }
 
-#[stable(feature = "std_debug", since = "1.16.0")]
 impl fmt::Debug for Sink {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         f.pad("Sink { .. }")