.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
 # See https://pre-commit.com for more information
 # See https://pre-commit.com/hooks.html for more hooks
 
-default_stages: [pre-commit]
+default_stages: [commit]
 
 repos:
   - repo: local
     hooks:
       - id: nac3-cargo-fmt
         name: nac3 cargo format
-        entry: nix
+        entry: cargo
         language: system
         types: [file, rust]
         pass_filenames: false
         description: Runs cargo fmt on the codebase.
-        args: [develop, -c, cargo, fmt, --all]
+        args: [fmt]
       - id: nac3-cargo-clippy
         name: nac3 cargo clippy
-        entry: nix
+        entry: cargo
         language: system
         types: [file, rust]
         pass_filenames: false
         description: Runs cargo clippy on the codebase.
-        args: [develop, -c, cargo, clippy, --tests]
+        args: [clippy, --tests]

Cargo.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ members = [
   "nac3ast",
   "nac3parser",
   "nac3core",
-  "nac3core/nac3core_derive",
   "nac3standalone",
   "nac3artiq",
   "runkernel",

flake.lock

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
   "nodes": {
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1733940404,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Pj39hSoUA86ZePPF/UXiYHHM7hMIkios8TYG29kQT4g=",
+        "lastModified": 1724819573,
+        "narHash": "sha256-GnR7/ibgIH1vhoy8cYdmXE6iyZqKqFxQSVkFgosBh6w=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "5d67ea6b4b63378b9c13be21e2ec9d1afc921713",
+        "rev": "71e91c409d1e654808b2621f28a327acfdad8dc2",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {

flake.nix

@@ -107,18 +107,18 @@
             (pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
               owner = "m-labs";
               repo = "sipyco";
-              rev = "094a6cd63ffa980ef63698920170e50dc9ba77fd";
-              sha256 = "sha256-PPnAyDedUQ7Og/Cby9x5OT9wMkNGTP8GS53V6N/dk4w=";
+              rev = "939f84f9b5eef7efbf7423c735d1834783b6140e";
+              sha256 = "sha256-15Nun4EY35j+6SPZkjzZtyH/ncxLS60KuGJjFh5kSTc=";
             })
             (pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
               owner = "m-labs";
               repo = "artiq";
-              rev = "28c9de3e251daa89a8c9fd79d5ab64a3ec03bac6";
-              sha256 = "sha256-vAvpbHc5B+1wtG8zqN7j9dQE1ON+i22v+uqA+tw6Gak=";
+              rev = "923ca3377d42c815f979983134ec549dc39d3ca0";
+              sha256 = "sha256-oJoEeNEeNFSUyh6jXG8Tzp6qHVikeHS0CzfE+mODPgw=";
             })
           ];
           buildInputs = [
-            (python3-mimalloc.withPackages(ps: [ ps.numpy ps.scipy ps.jsonschema ps.lmdb ps.platformdirs nac3artiq-instrumented ]))
+            (python3-mimalloc.withPackages(ps: [ ps.numpy ps.scipy ps.jsonschema ps.lmdb nac3artiq-instrumented ]))
             pkgs.llvmPackages_14.llvm.out
           ];
           phases = [ "buildPhase" "installPhase" ];

nac3artiq/Cargo.toml

@@ -12,10 +12,16 @@ crate-type = ["cdylib"]
 itertools = "0.13"
 pyo3 = { version = "0.21", features = ["extension-module", "gil-refs"] }
 parking_lot = "0.12"
-tempfile = "3.13"
+tempfile = "3.10"
+nac3parser = { path = "../nac3parser" }
 nac3core = { path = "../nac3core" }
 nac3ld = { path = "../nac3ld" }
 
+[dependencies.inkwell]
+version = "0.4"
+default-features = false
+features = ["llvm14-0", "target-x86", "target-arm", "target-riscv", "no-libffi-linking"]
+
 [features]
 init-llvm-profile = []
 no-escape-analysis = ["nac3core/no-escape-analysis"]

nac3artiq/demo/embedding_map.py

@@ -7,6 +7,33 @@ class EmbeddingMap:
         self.function_map = {}
         self.attributes_writeback = []
 
+        # preallocate exception names
+        self.preallocate_runtime_exception_names(["RuntimeError",
+                                          "RTIOUnderflow",
+                                          "RTIOOverflow",
+                                          "RTIODestinationUnreachable",
+                                          "DMAError",
+                                          "I2CError",
+                                          "CacheError",
+                                          "SPIError",
+                                          "0:ZeroDivisionError",
+                                          "0:IndexError",
+                                          "0:ValueError",
+                                          "0:RuntimeError",
+                                          "0:AssertionError",
+                                          "0:KeyError",
+                                          "0:NotImplementedError",
+                                          "0:OverflowError",
+                                          "0:IOError",
+                                          "0:UnwrapNoneError"])
+
+    def preallocate_runtime_exception_names(self, names):
+        for i, name in enumerate(names):
+            if ":" not in name:
+                name = "0:artiq.coredevice.exceptions." + name
+            exn_id = self.store_str(name)
+            assert exn_id == i
+
     def store_function(self, key, fun):
         self.function_map[key] = fun
         return key

nac3artiq/demo/min_artiq.py

@@ -112,15 +112,10 @@ def extern(function):
     register_function(function)
     return function
 
-
-def rpc(arg=None, flags={}):
-    """Decorates a function or method to be executed on the host interpreter."""
-    if arg is None:
-        def inner_decorator(function):
-            return rpc(function, flags)
-        return inner_decorator
-    register_function(arg)
-    return arg
+def rpc(function):
+    """Decorates a function declaration defined by the core device runtime."""
+    register_function(function)
+    return function
 
 def kernel(function_or_method):
     """Decorates a function or method to be executed on the core device."""
@@ -206,7 +201,7 @@ class Core:
         embedding = EmbeddingMap()
 
         if allow_registration:
-            compiler.analyze(registered_functions, registered_classes, set())
+            compiler.analyze(registered_functions, registered_classes)
             allow_registration = False
 
         if hasattr(method, "__self__"):

nac3artiq/demo/nac3artiq.so

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../target/release/libnac3artiq.so

nac3artiq/src/codegen.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,39 @@
+use nac3core::{
+    codegen::{
+        classes::{
+            ArrayLikeIndexer, ArrayLikeValue, ArraySliceValue, ListValue, NDArrayType,
+            NDArrayValue, ProxyType, ProxyValue, RangeValue, UntypedArrayLikeAccessor,
+        },
+        expr::{destructure_range, gen_call},
+        irrt::call_ndarray_calc_size,
+        llvm_intrinsics::{call_int_smax, call_memcpy_generic, call_stackrestore, call_stacksave},
+        stmt::{gen_block, gen_for_callback_incrementing, gen_if_callback, gen_with},
+        CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
+    },
+    symbol_resolver::ValueEnum,
+    toplevel::{helper::PrimDef, numpy::unpack_ndarray_var_tys, DefinitionId, GenCall},
+    typecheck::typedef::{iter_type_vars, FunSignature, FuncArg, Type, TypeEnum, VarMap},
+};
+
+use nac3parser::ast::{Expr, ExprKind, Located, Stmt, StmtKind, StrRef};
+
+use inkwell::{
+    context::Context,
+    module::Linkage,
+    types::{BasicType, IntType},
+    values::{BasicValueEnum, PointerValue, StructValue},
+    AddressSpace, IntPredicate, OptimizationLevel,
+};
+
+use pyo3::{
+    types::{PyDict, PyList},
+    PyObject, PyResult, Python,
+};
+
+use crate::{symbol_resolver::InnerResolver, timeline::TimeFns};
+
+use inkwell::values::IntValue;
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use std::{
     collections::{hash_map::DefaultHasher, HashMap},
     hash::{Hash, Hasher},
@@ -6,43 +42,6 @@ use std::{
     sync::Arc,
 };
 
-use itertools::Itertools;
-use pyo3::{
-    types::{PyDict, PyList},
-    PyObject, PyResult, Python,
-};
-
-use super::{symbol_resolver::InnerResolver, timeline::TimeFns};
-use nac3core::{
-    codegen::{
-        expr::{destructure_range, gen_call},
-        llvm_intrinsics::{call_int_smax, call_memcpy, call_stackrestore, call_stacksave},
-        stmt::{gen_block, gen_for_callback_incrementing, gen_if_callback, gen_with},
-        type_aligned_alloca,
-        types::ndarray::NDArrayType,
-        values::{
-            ArrayLikeIndexer, ArrayLikeValue, ArraySliceValue, ListValue, ProxyValue, RangeValue,
-            UntypedArrayLikeAccessor,
-        },
-        CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-    },
-    inkwell::{
-        context::Context,
-        module::Linkage,
-        types::{BasicType, IntType},
-        values::{BasicValueEnum, IntValue, PointerValue, StructValue},
-        AddressSpace, IntPredicate, OptimizationLevel,
-    },
-    nac3parser::ast::{Expr, ExprKind, Located, Stmt, StmtKind, StrRef},
-    symbol_resolver::ValueEnum,
-    toplevel::{
-        helper::{extract_ndims, PrimDef},
-        numpy::unpack_ndarray_var_tys,
-        DefinitionId, GenCall,
-    },
-    typecheck::typedef::{iter_type_vars, FunSignature, FuncArg, Type, TypeEnum, VarMap},
-};
-
 /// The parallelism mode within a block.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 enum ParallelMode {
@@ -461,49 +460,52 @@ fn format_rpc_arg<'ctx>(
             let llvm_i1 = ctx.ctx.bool_type();
             let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
 
-            let (elem_ty, ndims) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, arg_ty);
-            let ndims = extract_ndims(&ctx.unifier, ndims);
-            let dtype = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
-            let ndarray = NDArrayType::new(generator, ctx.ctx, dtype, Some(ndims))
-                .map_value(arg.into_pointer_value(), None);
+            let (elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, arg_ty);
+            let llvm_arg_ty =
+                NDArrayType::new(generator, ctx.ctx, ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty));
+            let llvm_arg = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(arg.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
 
-            let ndims = llvm_usize.const_int(ndims, false);
+            let llvm_usize_sizeof = ctx
+                .builder
+                .build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(llvm_arg_ty.size_type().size_of(), llvm_usize, "")
+                .unwrap();
+            let llvm_pdata_sizeof = ctx
+                .builder
+                .build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(
+                    llvm_arg_ty.element_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()).size_of(),
+                    llvm_usize,
+                    "",
+                )
+                .unwrap();
 
-            // `ndarray.data` is possibly not contiguous, and we need it to be contiguous for
-            // the reader.
-            // Turning it into a ContiguousNDArray to get a `data` that is contiguous.
-            let carray = ndarray.make_contiguous_ndarray(generator, ctx);
+            let dims_buf_sz =
+                ctx.builder.build_int_mul(llvm_arg.load_ndims(ctx), llvm_usize_sizeof, "").unwrap();
 
-            let sizeof_usize = llvm_usize.size_of();
-            let sizeof_usize =
-                ctx.builder.build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(sizeof_usize, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
+            let buffer_size =
+                ctx.builder.build_int_add(dims_buf_sz, llvm_pdata_sizeof, "").unwrap();
 
-            let sizeof_pdata = dtype.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()).size_of();
-            let sizeof_pdata =
-                ctx.builder.build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(sizeof_pdata, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
+            let buffer = ctx.builder.build_array_alloca(llvm_i8, buffer_size, "rpc.arg").unwrap();
+            let buffer = ArraySliceValue::from_ptr_val(buffer, buffer_size, Some("rpc.arg"));
 
-            let sizeof_buf_shape = ctx.builder.build_int_mul(sizeof_usize, ndims, "").unwrap();
-            let sizeof_buf = ctx.builder.build_int_add(sizeof_buf_shape, sizeof_pdata, "").unwrap();
+            call_memcpy_generic(
+                ctx,
+                buffer.base_ptr(ctx, generator),
+                llvm_arg.ptr_to_data(ctx),
+                llvm_pdata_sizeof,
+                llvm_i1.const_zero(),
+            );
 
-            // buf = { data: void*, shape: [size_t; ndims]; }
-            let buf = ctx.builder.build_array_alloca(llvm_i8, sizeof_buf, "rpc.arg").unwrap();
-            let buf = ArraySliceValue::from_ptr_val(buf, sizeof_buf, Some("rpc.arg"));
-            let buf_data = buf.base_ptr(ctx, generator);
-            let buf_shape =
-                unsafe { buf.ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, &sizeof_pdata, None) };
+            let pbuffer_dims_begin =
+                unsafe { buffer.ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_pdata_sizeof, None) };
+            call_memcpy_generic(
+                ctx,
+                pbuffer_dims_begin,
+                llvm_arg.dim_sizes().base_ptr(ctx, generator),
+                dims_buf_sz,
+                llvm_i1.const_zero(),
+            );
 
-            // Write to `buf->data`
-            let carray_data = carray.load_data(ctx);
-            let carray_data = ctx.builder.build_pointer_cast(carray_data, llvm_pi8, "").unwrap();
-            call_memcpy(ctx, buf_data, carray_data, sizeof_pdata, llvm_i1.const_zero());
-
-            // Write to `buf->shape`
-            let carray_shape = ndarray.shape().base_ptr(ctx, generator);
-            let carray_shape_i8 =
-                ctx.builder.build_pointer_cast(carray_shape, llvm_pi8, "").unwrap();
-            call_memcpy(ctx, buf_shape, carray_shape_i8, sizeof_buf_shape, llvm_i1.const_zero());
-
-            buf.base_ptr(ctx, generator)
+            buffer.base_ptr(ctx, generator)
         }
 
         _ => {
@@ -513,7 +515,7 @@ fn format_rpc_arg<'ctx>(
             ctx.builder.build_store(arg_slot, arg).unwrap();
 
             ctx.builder
-                .build_bit_cast(arg_slot, llvm_pi8, "rpc.arg")
+                .build_bitcast(arg_slot, llvm_pi8, "rpc.arg")
                 .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
                 .unwrap()
         }
@@ -544,8 +546,6 @@ fn format_rpc_ret<'ctx>(
     let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
     let llvm_i8_8 = ctx.ctx.struct_type(&[llvm_i8.array_type(8).into()], false);
     let llvm_pi8 = llvm_i8.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let llvm_pusize = llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
 
     let rpc_recv = ctx.module.get_function("rpc_recv").unwrap_or_else(|| {
         ctx.module.add_function("rpc_recv", llvm_i32.fn_type(&[llvm_pi8.into()], false), None)
@@ -566,7 +566,8 @@ fn format_rpc_ret<'ctx>(
 
     let result = match &*ctx.unifier.get_ty_immutable(ret_ty) {
         TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, .. } if *obj_id == PrimDef::NDArray.id() => {
-            let num_0 = llvm_usize.const_zero();
+            let llvm_i1 = ctx.ctx.bool_type();
+            let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
 
             // Round `val` up to its modulo `power_of_two`
             let round_up = |ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
@@ -592,49 +593,79 @@ fn format_rpc_ret<'ctx>(
                     .unwrap()
             };
 
+            // Setup types
+            let (elem_ty, ndims) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, ret_ty);
+            let llvm_elem_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
+            let llvm_ret_ty = NDArrayType::new(generator, ctx.ctx, llvm_elem_ty);
+
             // Allocate the resulting ndarray
             // A condition after format_rpc_ret ensures this will not be popped this off.
-            let (dtype, ndims) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, ret_ty);
-            let dtype_llvm = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, dtype);
-            let ndims = extract_ndims(&ctx.unifier, ndims);
-            let ndarray = NDArrayType::new(generator, ctx.ctx, dtype_llvm, Some(ndims))
-                .construct_uninitialized(generator, ctx, None);
+            let ndarray = llvm_ret_ty.new_value(generator, ctx, Some("rpc.result"));
 
-            // NOTE: Current content of `ndarray`:
-            //   - * `data` - **NOT YET** allocated.
-            //   - * `itemsize` - initialized to be size_of(dtype).
-            //   - * `ndims` - initialized.
-            //   - * `shape` - allocated; has uninitialized values.
-            //   - * `strides` - allocated; has uninitialized values.
+            // Setup ndims
+            let ndims =
+                if let TypeEnum::TLiteral { values, .. } = &*ctx.unifier.get_ty_immutable(ndims) {
+                    assert_eq!(values.len(), 1);
 
-            let itemsize = ndarray.load_itemsize(ctx); // Same as doing a `ctx.get_llvm_type` on `dtype` and get its `size_of()`.
+                    u64::try_from(values[0].clone()).unwrap()
+                } else {
+                    unreachable!();
+                };
+            // Set `ndarray.ndims`
+            ndarray.store_ndims(ctx, generator, llvm_usize.const_int(ndims, false));
+            // Allocate `ndarray.shape` [size_t; ndims]
+            ndarray.create_dim_sizes(ctx, llvm_usize, ndarray.load_ndims(ctx));
+
+            /*
+                ndarray now:
+                  - .ndims: initialized
+                  - .shape: allocated but uninitialized .shape
+                  - .data: uninitialized
+            */
+
+            let llvm_usize_sizeof = ctx
+                .builder
+                .build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(llvm_usize.size_of(), llvm_usize, "")
+                .unwrap();
+            let llvm_pdata_sizeof = ctx
+                .builder
+                .build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(
+                    llvm_ret_ty.element_type().size_of().unwrap(),
+                    llvm_usize,
+                    "",
+                )
+                .unwrap();
+            let llvm_elem_sizeof = ctx
+                .builder
+                .build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(llvm_elem_ty.size_of().unwrap(), llvm_usize, "")
+                .unwrap();
 
             // Allocates a buffer for the initial RPC'ed object, which is guaranteed to be
             // (4 + 4 * ndims) bytes with 8-byte alignment
-            let sizeof_usize = llvm_usize.size_of();
-            let sizeof_usize =
-                ctx.builder.build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(sizeof_usize, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
-
-            let sizeof_ptr = llvm_i8.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()).size_of();
-            let sizeof_ptr =
-                ctx.builder.build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(sizeof_ptr, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
-
-            let sizeof_shape =
-                ctx.builder.build_int_mul(ndarray.load_ndims(ctx), sizeof_usize, "").unwrap();
-
-            // Size of the buffer for the initial `rpc_recv()`.
+            let sizeof_dims =
+                ctx.builder.build_int_mul(ndarray.load_ndims(ctx), llvm_usize_sizeof, "").unwrap();
             let unaligned_buffer_size =
-                ctx.builder.build_int_add(sizeof_ptr, sizeof_shape, "").unwrap();
+                ctx.builder.build_int_add(sizeof_dims, llvm_pdata_sizeof, "").unwrap();
+            let buffer_size = round_up(ctx, unaligned_buffer_size, llvm_usize.const_int(8, false));
 
             let stackptr = call_stacksave(ctx, None);
-            let buffer = type_aligned_alloca(
-                generator,
-                ctx,
+            // Just to be absolutely sure, alloca in [i8 x 8] slices to force 8-byte alignment
+            let buffer = ctx
+                .builder
+                .build_array_alloca(
                     llvm_i8_8,
-                unaligned_buffer_size,
-                Some("rpc.buffer"),
-            );
-            let buffer = ArraySliceValue::from_ptr_val(buffer, unaligned_buffer_size, None);
+                    ctx.builder
+                        .build_int_unsigned_div(buffer_size, llvm_usize.const_int(8, false), "")
+                        .unwrap(),
+                    "rpc.buffer",
+                )
+                .unwrap();
+            let buffer = ctx
+                .builder
+                .build_bitcast(buffer, llvm_pi8, "")
+                .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
+                .unwrap();
+            let buffer = ArraySliceValue::from_ptr_val(buffer, buffer_size, None);
 
             // The first call to `rpc_recv` reads the top-level ndarray object: [pdata, shape]
             //
@@ -642,7 +673,7 @@ fn format_rpc_ret<'ctx>(
             let ndarray_nbytes = ctx
                 .build_call_or_invoke(
                     rpc_recv,
-                    &[buffer.base_ptr(ctx, generator).into()], // Reads [usize; ndims]
+                    &[buffer.base_ptr(ctx, generator).into()], // Reads [usize; ndims]. NOTE: We are allocated [size_t; ndims].
                     "rpc.size.next",
                 )
                 .map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value)
@@ -650,14 +681,16 @@ fn format_rpc_ret<'ctx>(
 
             // debug_assert(ndarray_nbytes > 0)
             if ctx.registry.llvm_options.opt_level == OptimizationLevel::None {
-                let cmp = ctx
-                    .builder
-                    .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::UGT, ndarray_nbytes, num_0, "")
-                    .unwrap();
-
                 ctx.make_assert(
                     generator,
-                    cmp,
+                    ctx.builder
+                        .build_int_compare(
+                            IntPredicate::UGT,
+                            ndarray_nbytes,
+                            ndarray_nbytes.get_type().const_zero(),
+                            "",
+                        )
+                        .unwrap(),
                     "0:AssertionError",
                     "Unexpected RPC termination for ndarray - Expected data buffer next",
                     [None, None, None],
@@ -666,50 +699,49 @@ fn format_rpc_ret<'ctx>(
             }
 
             // Copy shape from the buffer to `ndarray.shape`.
-            // We need to skip the first `sizeof(uint8_t*)` bytes to skip the `pdata` in `[pdata, shape]`.
-            let pbuffer_shape =
-                unsafe { buffer.ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, &sizeof_ptr, None) };
-            let pbuffer_shape =
-                ctx.builder.build_pointer_cast(pbuffer_shape, llvm_pusize, "").unwrap();
-
-            // Copy shape from buffer to `ndarray.shape`
-            ndarray.copy_shape_from_array(generator, ctx, pbuffer_shape);
+            let pbuffer_dims =
+                unsafe { buffer.ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_pdata_sizeof, None) };
 
+            call_memcpy_generic(
+                ctx,
+                ndarray.dim_sizes().base_ptr(ctx, generator),
+                pbuffer_dims,
+                sizeof_dims,
+                llvm_i1.const_zero(),
+            );
             // Restore stack from before allocation of buffer
             call_stackrestore(ctx, stackptr);
 
             // Allocate `ndarray.data`.
             // `ndarray.shape` must be initialized beforehand in this implementation
             //   (for ndarray.create_data() to know how many elements to allocate)
-            unsafe { ndarray.create_data(generator, ctx) }; // NOTE: the strides of `ndarray` has also been set to contiguous in `create_data`.
+            let num_elements =
+                call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &ndarray.dim_sizes(), (None, None));
 
             // debug_assert(nelems * sizeof(T) >= ndarray_nbytes)
             if ctx.registry.llvm_options.opt_level == OptimizationLevel::None {
-                let num_elements = ndarray.size(generator, ctx);
-
-                let expected_ndarray_nbytes =
-                    ctx.builder.build_int_mul(num_elements, itemsize, "").unwrap();
-                let cmp = ctx
-                    .builder
-                    .build_int_compare(
-                        IntPredicate::UGE,
-                        expected_ndarray_nbytes,
-                        ndarray_nbytes,
-                        "",
-                    )
-                    .unwrap();
+                let sizeof_data =
+                    ctx.builder.build_int_mul(num_elements, llvm_elem_sizeof, "").unwrap();
 
                 ctx.make_assert(
                     generator,
-                    cmp,
+                    ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::UGE,
+                        sizeof_data,
+                        ndarray_nbytes,
+                        "",
+                    ).unwrap(),
                     "0:AssertionError",
                     "Unexpected allocation size request for ndarray data - Expected up to {0} bytes, got {1} bytes",
-                    [Some(expected_ndarray_nbytes), Some(ndarray_nbytes), None],
+                    [Some(sizeof_data), Some(ndarray_nbytes), None],
                     ctx.current_loc,
                 );
             }
 
+            ndarray.create_data(ctx, llvm_elem_ty, num_elements);
+
             let ndarray_data = ndarray.data().base_ptr(ctx, generator);
+            let ndarray_data_i8 =
+                ctx.builder.build_pointer_cast(ndarray_data, llvm_pi8, "").unwrap();
 
             // NOTE: Currently on `prehead_bb`
             ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(head_bb).unwrap();
@@ -718,7 +750,7 @@ fn format_rpc_ret<'ctx>(
             ctx.builder.position_at_end(head_bb);
 
             let phi = ctx.builder.build_phi(llvm_pi8, "rpc.ptr").unwrap();
-            phi.add_incoming(&[(&ndarray_data, prehead_bb)]);
+            phi.add_incoming(&[(&ndarray_data_i8, prehead_bb)]);
 
             let alloc_size = ctx
                 .build_call_or_invoke(rpc_recv, &[phi.as_basic_value()], "rpc.size.next")
@@ -733,13 +765,12 @@ fn format_rpc_ret<'ctx>(
 
             ctx.builder.position_at_end(alloc_bb);
             // Align the allocation to sizeof(T)
-            let alloc_size = round_up(ctx, alloc_size, itemsize);
-            // TODO(Derppening): Candidate for refactor into type_aligned_alloca
+            let alloc_size = round_up(ctx, alloc_size, llvm_elem_sizeof);
             let alloc_ptr = ctx
                 .builder
                 .build_array_alloca(
-                    dtype_llvm,
-                    ctx.builder.build_int_unsigned_div(alloc_size, itemsize, "").unwrap(),
+                    llvm_elem_ty,
+                    ctx.builder.build_int_unsigned_div(alloc_size, llvm_elem_sizeof, "").unwrap(),
                     "rpc.alloc",
                 )
                 .unwrap();
@@ -754,7 +785,7 @@ fn format_rpc_ret<'ctx>(
 
         _ => {
             let slot = ctx.builder.build_alloca(llvm_ret_ty, "rpc.ret.slot").unwrap();
-            let slotgen = ctx.builder.build_bit_cast(slot, llvm_pi8, "rpc.ret.ptr").unwrap();
+            let slotgen = ctx.builder.build_bitcast(slot, llvm_pi8, "rpc.ret.ptr").unwrap();
             ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(head_bb).unwrap();
             ctx.builder.position_at_end(head_bb);
 
@@ -775,7 +806,7 @@ fn format_rpc_ret<'ctx>(
             let alloc_ptr =
                 ctx.builder.build_array_alloca(llvm_pi8, alloc_size, "rpc.alloc").unwrap();
             let alloc_ptr =
-                ctx.builder.build_bit_cast(alloc_ptr, llvm_pi8, "rpc.alloc.ptr").unwrap();
+                ctx.builder.build_bitcast(alloc_ptr, llvm_pi8, "rpc.alloc.ptr").unwrap();
             phi.add_incoming(&[(&alloc_ptr, alloc_bb)]);
             ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(head_bb).unwrap();
 
@@ -793,7 +824,6 @@ fn rpc_codegen_callback_fn<'ctx>(
     fun: (&FunSignature, DefinitionId),
     args: Vec<(Option<StrRef>, ValueEnum<'ctx>)>,
     generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
-    is_async: bool,
 ) -> Result<Option<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>>, String> {
     let int8 = ctx.ctx.i8_type();
     let int32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
@@ -902,29 +932,6 @@ fn rpc_codegen_callback_fn<'ctx>(
     }
 
     // call
-    if is_async {
-        let rpc_send_async = ctx.module.get_function("rpc_send_async").unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            ctx.module.add_function(
-                "rpc_send_async",
-                ctx.ctx.void_type().fn_type(
-                    &[
-                        int32.into(),
-                        tag_ptr_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()).into(),
-                        ptr_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()).into(),
-                    ],
-                    false,
-                ),
-                None,
-            )
-        });
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_call(
-                rpc_send_async,
-                &[service_id.into(), tag_ptr.into(), args_ptr.into()],
-                "rpc.send",
-            )
-            .unwrap();
-    } else {
     let rpc_send = ctx.module.get_function("rpc_send").unwrap_or_else(|| {
         ctx.module.add_function(
             "rpc_send",
@@ -942,15 +949,10 @@ fn rpc_codegen_callback_fn<'ctx>(
     ctx.builder
         .build_call(rpc_send, &[service_id.into(), tag_ptr.into(), args_ptr.into()], "rpc.send")
         .unwrap();
-    }
 
     // reclaim stack space used by arguments
     call_stackrestore(ctx, stackptr);
 
-    if is_async {
-        // async RPCs do not return any values
-        Ok(None)
-    } else {
     let result = format_rpc_ret(generator, ctx, fun.0.ret);
 
     if !result.is_some_and(|res| res.get_type().is_pointer_type()) {
@@ -960,14 +962,12 @@ fn rpc_codegen_callback_fn<'ctx>(
 
     Ok(result)
 }
-}
 
-pub fn attributes_writeback<'ctx>(
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+pub fn attributes_writeback(
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'_, '_>,
     generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
     inner_resolver: &InnerResolver,
     host_attributes: &PyObject,
-    return_obj: Option<(Type, ValueEnum<'ctx>)>,
 ) -> Result<(), String> {
     Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<Result<(), String>> {
         let host_attributes: &PyList = host_attributes.downcast(py)?;
@@ -977,11 +977,6 @@ pub fn attributes_writeback<'ctx>(
         let zero = int32.const_zero();
         let mut values = Vec::new();
         let mut scratch_buffer = Vec::new();
-
-        if let Some((ty, obj)) = return_obj {
-            values.push((ty, obj.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ty).unwrap()));
-        }
-
         for val in (*globals).values() {
             let val = val.as_ref(py);
             let ty = inner_resolver.get_obj_type(
@@ -1060,7 +1055,7 @@ pub fn attributes_writeback<'ctx>(
         let args: Vec<_> =
             values.into_iter().map(|(_, val)| (None, ValueEnum::Dynamic(val))).collect();
         if let Err(e) =
-            rpc_codegen_callback_fn(ctx, None, (&fun, PrimDef::Int32.id()), args, generator, true)
+            rpc_codegen_callback_fn(ctx, None, (&fun, PrimDef::Int32.id()), args, generator)
         {
             return Ok(Err(e));
         }
@@ -1070,9 +1065,9 @@ pub fn attributes_writeback<'ctx>(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-pub fn rpc_codegen_callback(is_async: bool) -> Arc<GenCall> {
-    Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(move |ctx, obj, fun, args, generator| {
-        rpc_codegen_callback_fn(ctx, obj, fun, args, generator, is_async)
+pub fn rpc_codegen_callback() -> Arc<GenCall> {
+    Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(|ctx, obj, fun, args, generator| {
+        rpc_codegen_callback_fn(ctx, obj, fun, args, generator)
     })))
 }
 
@@ -1286,8 +1281,7 @@ fn polymorphic_print<'ctx>(
                 fmt.push('[');
                 flush(ctx, generator, &mut fmt, &mut args);
 
-                let val =
-                    ListValue::from_pointer_value(value.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
+                let val = ListValue::from_ptr_val(value.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
                 let len = val.load_size(ctx, None);
                 let last =
                     ctx.builder.build_int_sub(len, llvm_usize.const_int(1, false), "").unwrap();
@@ -1338,50 +1332,56 @@ fn polymorphic_print<'ctx>(
             }
 
             TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, .. } if *obj_id == PrimDef::NDArray.id() => {
+                let (elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, ty);
+
                 fmt.push_str("array([");
                 flush(ctx, generator, &mut fmt, &mut args);
 
-                let (dtype, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, ty);
-                let ndarray = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, ty)
-                    .map_value(value.into_pointer_value(), None);
+                let val = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(value.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
+                let len = call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &val.dim_sizes(), (None, None));
+                let last =
+                    ctx.builder.build_int_sub(len, llvm_usize.const_int(1, false), "").unwrap();
 
-                let num_0 = llvm_usize.const_zero();
-
-                // Print `ndarray` as a flat list delimited by interspersed with ", \0"
-                ndarray.foreach(generator, ctx, |generator, ctx, _, hdl| {
-                    let i = hdl.get_index(ctx);
-                    let scalar = hdl.get_scalar(ctx);
-
-                    // if (i != 0) puts(", ");
-                    gen_if_callback(
+                gen_for_callback_incrementing(
                     generator,
                     ctx,
-                        |_, ctx| {
-                            let not_first = ctx
-                                .builder
-                                .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::NE, i, num_0, "")
-                                .unwrap();
-                            Ok(not_first)
-                        },
-                        |generator, ctx| {
-                            printf(ctx, generator, ", \0".into(), Vec::default());
-                            Ok(())
-                        },
-                        |_, _| Ok(()),
-                    )?;
+                    None,
+                    llvm_usize.const_zero(),
+                    (len, false),
+                    |generator, ctx, _, i| {
+                        let elem = unsafe { val.data().get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &i, None) };
 
-                    // Print element
                         polymorphic_print(
                             ctx,
                             generator,
-                        &[(dtype, scalar.into())],
+                            &[(elem_ty, elem.into())],
                             "",
                             None,
                             true,
                             as_rtio,
                         )?;
+
+                        gen_if_callback(
+                            generator,
+                            ctx,
+                            |_, ctx| {
+                                Ok(ctx
+                                    .builder
+                                    .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::ULT, i, last, "")
+                                    .unwrap())
+                            },
+                            |generator, ctx| {
+                                printf(ctx, generator, ", \0".into(), Vec::default());
+
                                 Ok(())
-                })?;
+                            },
+                            |_, _| Ok(()),
+                        )?;
+
+                        Ok(())
+                    },
+                    llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
+                )?;
 
                 fmt.push_str(")]");
                 flush(ctx, generator, &mut fmt, &mut args);
@@ -1391,7 +1391,7 @@ fn polymorphic_print<'ctx>(
                 fmt.push_str("range(");
                 flush(ctx, generator, &mut fmt, &mut args);
 
-                let val = RangeValue::from_pointer_value(value.into_pointer_value(), None);
+                let val = RangeValue::from_ptr_val(value.into_pointer_value(), None);
 
                 let (start, stop, step) = destructure_range(ctx, val);
 

nac3artiq/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-#![deny(future_incompatible, let_underscore, nonstandard_style, clippy::all)]
+#![deny(
+    future_incompatible,
+    let_underscore,
+    nonstandard_style,
+    rust_2024_compatibility,
+    clippy::all
+)]
 #![warn(clippy::pedantic)]
 #![allow(
     unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn,
@@ -10,65 +16,64 @@
     clippy::wildcard_imports
 )]
 
-use std::{
-    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
-    fs,
-    io::Write,
-    process::Command,
-    rc::Rc,
-    sync::Arc,
-};
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::fs;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::process::Command;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use itertools::Itertools;
-use parking_lot::{Mutex, RwLock};
-use pyo3::{
-    create_exception, exceptions,
-    prelude::*,
-    types::{PyBytes, PyDict, PyNone, PySet},
-};
-use tempfile::{self, TempDir};
-
-use nac3core::{
-    codegen::{
-        concrete_type::ConcreteTypeStore, gen_func_impl, irrt::load_irrt, CodeGenLLVMOptions,
-        CodeGenTargetMachineOptions, CodeGenTask, CodeGenerator, WithCall, WorkerRegistry,
-    },
-    inkwell::{
+use inkwell::{
     context::Context,
     memory_buffer::MemoryBuffer,
-        module::{FlagBehavior, Linkage, Module},
+    module::{Linkage, Module},
     passes::PassBuilderOptions,
     support::is_multithreaded,
     targets::*,
     OptimizationLevel,
-    },
-    nac3parser::{
-        ast::{Constant, ExprKind, Located, Location, Stmt, StmtKind, StrRef},
+};
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use nac3core::codegen::{gen_func_impl, CodeGenLLVMOptions, CodeGenTargetMachineOptions};
+use nac3core::toplevel::builtins::get_exn_constructor;
+use nac3core::typecheck::typedef::{into_var_map, TypeEnum, Unifier, VarMap};
+use nac3parser::{
+    ast::{ExprKind, Stmt, StmtKind, StrRef},
     parser::parse_program,
-    },
+};
+use pyo3::create_exception;
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::{exceptions, types::PyBytes, types::PyDict, types::PySet};
+
+use parking_lot::{Mutex, RwLock};
+
+use nac3core::{
+    codegen::irrt::load_irrt,
+    codegen::{concrete_type::ConcreteTypeStore, CodeGenTask, WithCall, WorkerRegistry},
     symbol_resolver::SymbolResolver,
     toplevel::{
-        builtins::get_exn_constructor,
         composer::{BuiltinFuncCreator, BuiltinFuncSpec, ComposerConfig, TopLevelComposer},
         DefinitionId, GenCall, TopLevelDef,
     },
-    typecheck::{
-        type_inferencer::PrimitiveStore,
-        typedef::{into_var_map, FunSignature, FuncArg, Type, TypeEnum, Unifier, VarMap},
-    },
+    typecheck::typedef::{FunSignature, FuncArg},
+    typecheck::{type_inferencer::PrimitiveStore, typedef::Type},
 };
+
 use nac3ld::Linker;
 
-use codegen::{
+use crate::{
+    codegen::{
         attributes_writeback, gen_core_log, gen_rtio_log, rpc_codegen_callback, ArtiqCodeGenerator,
+    },
+    symbol_resolver::{DeferredEvaluationStore, InnerResolver, PythonHelper, Resolver},
 };
-use symbol_resolver::{DeferredEvaluationStore, InnerResolver, PythonHelper, Resolver};
-use timeline::TimeFns;
+use tempfile::{self, TempDir};
 
 mod codegen;
 mod symbol_resolver;
 mod timeline;
 
+use timeline::TimeFns;
+
 #[derive(PartialEq, Clone, Copy)]
 enum Isa {
     Host,
@@ -142,36 +147,17 @@ impl Nac3 {
         module: &PyObject,
         registered_class_ids: &HashSet<u64>,
     ) -> PyResult<()> {
-        let (module_name, source_file, source) =
-            Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<(String, String, String)> {
+        let (module_name, source_file) = Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<(String, String)> {
             let module: &PyAny = module.extract(py)?;
-                let source_file = module.getattr("__file__");
-                let (source_file, source) = if let Ok(source_file) = source_file {
-                    let source_file = source_file.extract()?;
-                    (
-                        source_file,
-                        fs::read_to_string(source_file).map_err(|e| {
-                            exceptions::PyIOError::new_err(format!(
-                                "failed to read input file: {e}"
-                            ))
-                        })?,
-                    )
-                } else {
-                    // kernels submitted by content have no file
-                    // but still can provide source by StringLoader
-                    let get_src_fn = module
-                        .getattr("__loader__")?
-                        .extract::<PyObject>()?
-                        .getattr(py, "get_source")?;
-                    ("<expcontent>", get_src_fn.call1(py, (PyNone::get(py),))?.extract(py)?)
-                };
-                Ok((module.getattr("__name__")?.extract()?, source_file.to_string(), source))
+            Ok((module.getattr("__name__")?.extract()?, module.getattr("__file__")?.extract()?))
         })?;
 
-        let parser_result = parse_program(&source, source_file.clone().into())
+        let source = fs::read_to_string(&source_file).map_err(|e| {
+            exceptions::PyIOError::new_err(format!("failed to read input file: {e}"))
+        })?;
+        let parser_result = parse_program(&source, source_file.into())
             .map_err(|e| exceptions::PySyntaxError::new_err(format!("parse error: {e}")))?;
 
-        let mut module_content: Vec<Stmt> = Vec::default();
         for mut stmt in parser_result {
             let include = match stmt.node {
                 StmtKind::ClassDef { ref decorator_list, ref mut body, ref mut bases, .. } => {
@@ -208,8 +194,10 @@ impl Nac3 {
                     body.retain(|stmt| {
                         if let StmtKind::FunctionDef { ref decorator_list, .. } = stmt.node {
                             decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| {
-                                if let Some(id) = decorator_id_string(decorator) {
-                                    id == "kernel" || id == "portable" || id == "rpc"
+                                if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = decorator.node {
+                                    id.to_string() == "kernel"
+                                        || id.to_string() == "portable"
+                                        || id.to_string() == "rpc"
                                 } else {
                                     false
                                 }
@@ -222,8 +210,9 @@ impl Nac3 {
                 }
                 StmtKind::FunctionDef { ref decorator_list, .. } => {
                     decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| {
-                        if let Some(id) = decorator_id_string(decorator) {
-                            id == "extern" || id == "kernel" || id == "portable" || id == "rpc"
+                        if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = decorator.node {
+                            let id = id.to_string();
+                            id == "extern" || id == "portable" || id == "kernel" || id == "rpc"
                         } else {
                             false
                         }
@@ -233,28 +222,9 @@ impl Nac3 {
             };
 
             if include {
-                module_content.push(stmt.clone());
-                // self.top_levels.push((stmt, module_name.clone(), module.clone()));
+                self.top_levels.push((stmt, module_name.clone(), module.clone()));
             }
         }
-        let mut module_body: Vec<Stmt> = Vec::default();
-        for stmt in module_content.iter() {
-            match &stmt.node {
-                StmtKind::FunctionDef { .. } => module_body.push(stmt.clone()),
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-        // let module_def = StmtKind::ModuleDef { 
-        //     name: module_name.clone().into(), 
-        //     body: module_body 
-        // };
-        // let module_stmt = Located::new(Location::new(1, 1, source_file.into()), module_def);
-        // self.top_levels.push((module_stmt, module_name, module.clone()));
-
-        for stmt in module_content {
-            self.top_levels.push((stmt, module_name.clone().into(), module.clone()));
-        }
-
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -508,25 +478,9 @@ impl Nac3 {
 
             match &stmt.node {
                 StmtKind::FunctionDef { decorator_list, .. } => {
-                    if decorator_list
-                        .iter()
-                        .any(|decorator| decorator_id_string(decorator) == Some("rpc".to_string()))
-                    {
-                        store_fun
-                            .call1(
-                                py,
-                                (
-                                    def_id.0.into_py(py),
-                                    module.getattr(py, name.to_string().as_str()).unwrap(),
-                                ),
-                            )
-                            .unwrap();
-                        let is_async = decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| {
-                            decorator_get_flags(decorator)
-                                .iter()
-                                .any(|constant| *constant == Constant::Str("async".into()))
-                        });
-                        rpc_ids.push((None, def_id, is_async));
+                    if decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| matches!(decorator.node, ExprKind::Name { id, .. } if id == "rpc".into())) {
+                        store_fun.call1(py, (def_id.0.into_py(py), module.getattr(py, name.to_string().as_str()).unwrap())).unwrap();
+                        rpc_ids.push((None, def_id));
                     }
                 }
                 StmtKind::ClassDef { name, body, .. } => {
@@ -534,26 +488,19 @@ impl Nac3 {
                     let class_obj = module.getattr(py, class_name.as_str()).unwrap();
                     for stmt in body {
                         if let StmtKind::FunctionDef { name, decorator_list, .. } = &stmt.node {
-                            if decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| {
-                                decorator_id_string(decorator) == Some("rpc".to_string())
-                            }) {
-                                let is_async = decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| {
-                                    decorator_get_flags(decorator)
-                                        .iter()
-                                        .any(|constant| *constant == Constant::Str("async".into()))
-                                });
+                            if decorator_list.iter().any(|decorator| matches!(decorator.node, ExprKind::Name { id, .. } if id == "rpc".into())) {
                                 if name == &"__init__".into() {
                                     return Err(CompileError::new_err(format!(
                                         "compilation failed\n----------\nThe constructor of class {} should not be decorated with rpc decorator (at {})",
                                         class_name, stmt.location
                                     )));
                                 }
-                                rpc_ids.push((Some((class_obj.clone(), *name)), def_id, is_async));
+                                rpc_ids.push((Some((class_obj.clone(), *name)), def_id));
                             }
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                _ => (),
+                _ => ()
             }
 
             let id = *name_to_pyid.get(&name).unwrap();
@@ -597,7 +544,7 @@ impl Nac3 {
             field_to_val: RwLock::default(),
             name_to_pyid,
             module: module.to_object(py),
-            helper: helper.clone(),
+            helper,
             string_store: self.string_store.clone(),
             exception_ids: self.exception_ids.clone(),
             deferred_eval_store: self.deferred_eval_store.clone(),
@@ -609,7 +556,7 @@ impl Nac3 {
             .unwrap();
 
         // Process IRRT
-        let context = Context::create();
+        let context = inkwell::context::Context::create();
         let irrt = load_irrt(&context, resolver.as_ref());
 
         let fun_signature =
@@ -649,15 +596,15 @@ impl Nac3 {
         let top_level = Arc::new(composer.make_top_level_context());
 
         {
+            let rpc_codegen = rpc_codegen_callback();
             let defs = top_level.definitions.read();
-            for (class_data, id, is_async) in &rpc_ids {
+            for (class_data, id) in &rpc_ids {
                 let mut def = defs[id.0].write();
                 match &mut *def {
                     TopLevelDef::Function { codegen_callback, .. } => {
-                        *codegen_callback = Some(rpc_codegen_callback(*is_async));
+                        *codegen_callback = Some(rpc_codegen.clone());
                     }
-                    TopLevelDef::Class { methods, .. } | TopLevelDef::Module { methods, .. } => {
-                        // TODO: Update this to handle functions as well
+                    TopLevelDef::Class { methods, .. } => {
                         let (class_def, method_name) = class_data.as_ref().unwrap();
                         for (name, _, id) in &*methods {
                             if name != method_name {
@@ -666,7 +613,7 @@ impl Nac3 {
                             if let TopLevelDef::Function { codegen_callback, .. } =
                                 &mut *defs[id.0].write()
                             {
-                                *codegen_callback = Some(rpc_codegen_callback(*is_async));
+                                *codegen_callback = Some(rpc_codegen.clone());
                                 store_fun
                                     .call1(
                                         py,
@@ -681,11 +628,6 @@ impl Nac3 {
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    TopLevelDef::Variable { .. } => {
-                        return Err(CompileError::new_err(String::from(
-                            "Unsupported @rpc annotation on global variable",
-                        )))
-                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -706,12 +648,33 @@ impl Nac3 {
         let task = CodeGenTask {
             subst: Vec::default(),
             symbol_name: "__modinit__".to_string(),
+            body: instance.body,
+            signature,
+            resolver: resolver.clone(),
+            store,
+            unifier_index: instance.unifier_id,
+            calls: instance.calls,
+            id: 0,
+        };
+
+        let mut store = ConcreteTypeStore::new();
+        let mut cache = HashMap::new();
+        let signature = store.from_signature(
+            &mut composer.unifier,
+            &self.primitive,
+            &fun_signature,
+            &mut cache,
+        );
+        let signature = store.add_cty(signature);
+        let attributes_writeback_task = CodeGenTask {
+            subst: Vec::default(),
+            symbol_name: "attributes_writeback".to_string(),
             body: Arc::new(Vec::default()),
             signature,
             resolver,
             store,
             unifier_index: instance.unifier_id,
-            calls: instance.calls,
+            calls: Arc::new(HashMap::default()),
             id: 0,
         };
 
@@ -724,7 +687,7 @@ impl Nac3 {
             let buffer = buffer.as_slice().into();
             membuffer.lock().push(buffer);
         })));
-        let size_t = context
+        let size_t = Context::create()
             .ptr_sized_int_type(&self.get_llvm_target_machine().get_target_data(), None)
             .get_bit_width();
         let num_threads = if is_multithreaded() { 4 } else { 1 };
@@ -735,27 +698,19 @@ impl Nac3 {
             .collect();
 
         let membuffer = membuffers.clone();
-        let mut has_return = false;
         py.allow_threads(|| {
             let (registry, handles) =
                 WorkerRegistry::create_workers(threads, top_level.clone(), &self.llvm_options, &f);
+            registry.add_task(task);
+            registry.wait_tasks_complete(handles);
 
-            let mut generator = ArtiqCodeGenerator::new("main".to_string(), size_t, self.time_fns);
-            let context = Context::create();
-            let module = context.create_module("main");
+            let mut generator =
+                ArtiqCodeGenerator::new("attributes_writeback".to_string(), size_t, self.time_fns);
+            let context = inkwell::context::Context::create();
+            let module = context.create_module("attributes_writeback");
             let target_machine = self.llvm_options.create_target_machine().unwrap();
             module.set_data_layout(&target_machine.get_target_data().get_data_layout());
             module.set_triple(&target_machine.get_triple());
-            module.add_basic_value_flag(
-                "Debug Info Version",
-                FlagBehavior::Warning,
-                context.i32_type().const_int(3, false),
-            );
-            module.add_basic_value_flag(
-                "Dwarf Version",
-                FlagBehavior::Warning,
-                context.i32_type().const_int(4, false),
-            );
             let builder = context.create_builder();
             let (_, module, _) = gen_func_impl(
                 &context,
@@ -763,27 +718,9 @@ impl Nac3 {
                 &registry,
                 builder,
                 module,
-                task,
+                attributes_writeback_task,
                 |generator, ctx| {
-                    assert_eq!(instance.body.len(), 1, "toplevel module should have 1 statement");
-                    let StmtKind::Expr { value: ref expr, .. } = instance.body[0].node else {
-                        unreachable!("toplevel statement must be an expression")
-                    };
-                    let ExprKind::Call { .. } = expr.node else {
-                        unreachable!("toplevel expression must be a function call")
-                    };
-
-                    let return_obj =
-                        generator.gen_expr(ctx, expr)?.map(|value| (expr.custom.unwrap(), value));
-                    has_return = return_obj.is_some();
-                    registry.wait_tasks_complete(handles);
-                    attributes_writeback(
-                        ctx,
-                        generator,
-                        inner_resolver.as_ref(),
-                        &host_attributes,
-                        return_obj,
-                    )
+                    attributes_writeback(ctx, generator, inner_resolver.as_ref(), &host_attributes)
                 },
             )
             .unwrap();
@@ -792,23 +729,35 @@ impl Nac3 {
             membuffer.lock().push(buffer);
         });
 
-        embedding_map.setattr("expects_return", has_return).unwrap();
-
         // Link all modules into `main`.
         let buffers = membuffers.lock();
         let main = context
-            .create_module_from_ir(MemoryBuffer::create_from_memory_range(
-                buffers.last().unwrap(),
-                "main",
-            ))
+            .create_module_from_ir(MemoryBuffer::create_from_memory_range(&buffers[0], "main"))
             .unwrap();
-        for buffer in buffers.iter().rev().skip(1) {
+        for buffer in buffers.iter().skip(1) {
             let other = context
                 .create_module_from_ir(MemoryBuffer::create_from_memory_range(buffer, "main"))
                 .unwrap();
 
             main.link_in_module(other).map_err(|err| CompileError::new_err(err.to_string()))?;
         }
+        let builder = context.create_builder();
+        let modinit_return = main
+            .get_function("__modinit__")
+            .unwrap()
+            .get_last_basic_block()
+            .unwrap()
+            .get_terminator()
+            .unwrap();
+        builder.position_before(&modinit_return);
+        builder
+            .build_call(
+                main.get_function("attributes_writeback").unwrap(),
+                &[],
+                "attributes_writeback",
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
         main.link_in_module(irrt).map_err(|err| CompileError::new_err(err.to_string()))?;
 
         let mut function_iter = main.get_first_function();
@@ -843,20 +792,6 @@ impl Nac3 {
             panic!("Failed to run optimization for module `main`: {}", err.to_string());
         }
 
-        Python::with_gil(|py| {
-            let string_store = self.string_store.read();
-            let mut string_store_vec = string_store.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
-            string_store_vec.sort_by(|(_s1, key1), (_s2, key2)| key1.cmp(key2));
-            for (s, key) in string_store_vec {
-                let embed_key: i32 = helper.store_str.call1(py, (s,)).unwrap().extract(py).unwrap();
-                assert_eq!(
-                    embed_key, *key,
-                    "string {s} is out of sync between embedding map (key={embed_key}) and \
-                    the internal string store (key={key})"
-                );
-            }
-        });
-
         link_fn(&main)
     }
 
@@ -909,41 +844,6 @@ impl Nac3 {
     }
 }
 
-/// Retrieves the Name.id from a decorator, supports decorators with arguments.
-fn decorator_id_string(decorator: &Located<ExprKind>) -> Option<String> {
-    if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = decorator.node {
-        // Bare decorator
-        return Some(id.to_string());
-    } else if let ExprKind::Call { func, .. } = &decorator.node {
-        // Decorators that are calls (e.g. "@rpc()") have Call for the node,
-        // need to extract the id from within.
-        if let ExprKind::Name { id, .. } = func.node {
-            return Some(id.to_string());
-        }
-    }
-    None
-}
-
-/// Retrieves flags from a decorator, if any.
-fn decorator_get_flags(decorator: &Located<ExprKind>) -> Vec<Constant> {
-    let mut flags = vec![];
-    if let ExprKind::Call { keywords, .. } = &decorator.node {
-        for keyword in keywords {
-            if keyword.node.arg != Some("flags".into()) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if let ExprKind::Set { elts } = &keyword.node.value.node {
-                for elt in elts {
-                    if let ExprKind::Constant { value, .. } = &elt.node {
-                        flags.push(value.clone());
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    flags
-}
-
 fn link_with_lld(elf_filename: String, obj_filename: String) -> PyResult<()> {
     let linker_args = vec![
         "-shared".to_string(),
@@ -1064,34 +964,6 @@ impl Nac3 {
             ),
         ];
 
-        // let mut def_idx: usize = 1;
-        // let mut builtin_methods = Vec::new();
-        // let mut top_levels: Vec<TopLevelComponent> = Vec::new();
-        // for (name, signature, callback) in builtins {
-        //     let function_def = TopLevelDef::Function { 
-        //         name: format!("__builtins__.{name}").into(), 
-        //         simple_name: name, 
-        //         signature: signature.ret, 
-        //         var_id: Vec::new(), 
-        //         instance_to_symbol: HashMap::new(), 
-        //         instance_to_stmt: HashMap::new(), 
-        //         resolver: None, 
-        //         codegen_callback: Some(callback), 
-        //         loc: None
-        //     };
-        //     top_levels.push((
-        //         Arc::new(RwLock::new(function_def)),
-        //         "__builtins__",
-        //         None
-        //     ));
-        //     builtin_methods.push((
-        //         name,
-        //         signature.ret,
-        //         DefinitionId(def_idx)
-        //     ));
-        //     def_idx += 1;
-        // }
-
         let builtins_mod = PyModule::import(py, "builtins").unwrap();
         let id_fn = builtins_mod.getattr("id").unwrap();
         let numpy_mod = PyModule::import(py, "numpy").unwrap();
@@ -1134,48 +1006,6 @@ impl Nac3 {
         let working_directory = tempfile::Builder::new().prefix("nac3-").tempdir().unwrap();
         fs::write(working_directory.path().join("kernel.ld"), include_bytes!("kernel.ld")).unwrap();
 
-        let mut string_store: HashMap<String, i32> = HashMap::default();
-
-        // Keep this list of exceptions in sync with `EXCEPTION_ID_LOOKUP` in `artiq::firmware::ksupport::eh_artiq`
-        // The exceptions declared here must be defined in `artiq.coredevice.exceptions`
-        // Verify synchronization by running the test cases in `artiq.test.coredevice.test_exceptions`
-        let runtime_exception_names = [
-            "RTIOUnderflow",
-            "RTIOOverflow",
-            "RTIODestinationUnreachable",
-            "DMAError",
-            "I2CError",
-            "CacheError",
-            "SPIError",
-            "SubkernelError",
-            "0:AssertionError",
-            "0:AttributeError",
-            "0:IndexError",
-            "0:IOError",
-            "0:KeyError",
-            "0:NotImplementedError",
-            "0:OverflowError",
-            "0:RuntimeError",
-            "0:TimeoutError",
-            "0:TypeError",
-            "0:ValueError",
-            "0:ZeroDivisionError",
-            "0:LinAlgError",
-            "UnwrapNoneError",
-        ];
-
-        // Preallocate runtime exception names
-        for (i, name) in runtime_exception_names.iter().enumerate() {
-            let exn_name = if name.find(':').is_none() {
-                format!("0:artiq.coredevice.exceptions.{name}")
-            } else {
-                (*name).to_string()
-            };
-
-            let id = i32::try_from(i).unwrap();
-            string_store.insert(exn_name, id);
-        }
-
         Ok(Nac3 {
             isa,
             time_fns,
@@ -1185,7 +1015,7 @@ impl Nac3 {
             top_levels: Vec::default(),
             pyid_to_def: Arc::default(),
             working_directory,
-            string_store: Arc::new(string_store.into()),
+            string_store: Arc::default(),
             exception_ids: Arc::default(),
             deferred_eval_store: DeferredEvaluationStore::new(),
             llvm_options: CodeGenLLVMOptions {
@@ -1195,12 +1025,7 @@ impl Nac3 {
         })
     }
 
-    fn analyze(
-        &mut self,
-        functions: &PySet,
-        classes: &PySet,
-        content_modules: &PySet,
-    ) -> PyResult<()> {
+    fn analyze(&mut self, functions: &PySet, classes: &PySet) -> PyResult<()> {
         let (modules, class_ids) =
             Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<(HashMap<u64, PyObject>, HashSet<u64>)> {
                 let mut modules: HashMap<u64, PyObject> = HashMap::new();
@@ -1210,22 +1035,14 @@ impl Nac3 {
                 let getmodule_fn = PyModule::import(py, "inspect")?.getattr("getmodule")?;
 
                 for function in functions {
-                    let module: PyObject = getmodule_fn.call1((function,))?.extract()?;
-                    if !module.is_none(py) {
+                    let module = getmodule_fn.call1((function,))?.extract()?;
                     modules.insert(id_fn.call1((&module,))?.extract()?, module);
                 }
-                }
                 for class in classes {
-                    let module: PyObject = getmodule_fn.call1((class,))?.extract()?;
-                    if !module.is_none(py) {
+                    let module = getmodule_fn.call1((class,))?.extract()?;
                     modules.insert(id_fn.call1((&module,))?.extract()?, module);
-                    }
                     class_ids.insert(id_fn.call1((class,))?.extract()?);
                 }
-                for module in content_modules {
-                    let module: PyObject = module.extract()?;
-                    modules.insert(id_fn.call1((&module,))?.extract()?, module);
-                }
                 Ok((modules, class_ids))
             })?;
 

nac3artiq/src/symbol_resolver.rs

@@ -1,32 +1,16 @@
-use std::{
-    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
-    sync::{
-        atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering::Relaxed},
-        Arc,
-    },
-};
-
-use itertools::Itertools;
-use parking_lot::RwLock;
-use pyo3::{
-    types::{PyDict, PyTuple},
-    PyAny, PyErr, PyObject, PyResult, Python,
-};
-
-use super::PrimitivePythonId;
-use nac3core::{
-    codegen::{
-        types::{ndarray::NDArrayType, ProxyType},
-        values::ndarray::make_contiguous_strides,
-        CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-    },
-    inkwell::{
+use crate::PrimitivePythonId;
+use inkwell::{
     module::Linkage,
     types::{BasicType, BasicTypeEnum},
     values::BasicValueEnum,
     AddressSpace,
+};
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use nac3core::{
+    codegen::{
+        classes::{NDArrayType, ProxyType},
+        CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
     },
-    nac3parser::ast::{self, StrRef},
     symbol_resolver::{StaticValue, SymbolResolver, SymbolValue, ValueEnum},
     toplevel::{
         helper::PrimDef,
@@ -38,6 +22,19 @@ use nac3core::{
         typedef::{into_var_map, iter_type_vars, Type, TypeEnum, TypeVar, Unifier, VarMap},
     },
 };
+use nac3parser::ast::{self, StrRef};
+use parking_lot::RwLock;
+use pyo3::{
+    types::{PyDict, PyTuple},
+    PyAny, PyObject, PyResult, Python,
+};
+use std::{
+    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
+    sync::{
+        atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering::Relaxed},
+        Arc,
+    },
+};
 
 pub enum PrimitiveValue {
     I32(i32),
@@ -1085,19 +1082,18 @@ impl InnerResolver {
             } else {
                 unreachable!("must be ndarray")
             };
-            let (ndarray_dtype, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, ndarray_ty);
+            let (ndarray_dtype, ndarray_ndims) =
+                unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, ndarray_ty);
 
-            let llvm_i8 = ctx.ctx.i8_type();
-            let llvm_pi8 = llvm_i8.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
             let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-            let llvm_ndarray = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, ndarray_ty);
-            let dtype = llvm_ndarray.element_type();
+            let ndarray_dtype_llvm_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, ndarray_dtype);
+            let ndarray_llvm_ty = NDArrayType::new(generator, ctx.ctx, ndarray_dtype_llvm_ty);
 
             {
                 if self.global_value_ids.read().contains_key(&id) {
                     let global = ctx.module.get_global(&id_str).unwrap_or_else(|| {
                         ctx.module.add_global(
-                            llvm_ndarray.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_struct_type(),
+                            ndarray_llvm_ty.as_underlying_type(),
                             Some(AddressSpace::default()),
                             &id_str,
                         )
@@ -1107,41 +1103,40 @@ impl InnerResolver {
                 self.global_value_ids.write().insert(id, obj.into());
             }
 
-            let ndims = llvm_ndarray.ndims().unwrap();
+            let TypeEnum::TLiteral { values, .. } = &*ctx.unifier.get_ty_immutable(ndarray_ndims)
+            else {
+                unreachable!("Expected Literal for ndarray_ndims")
+            };
+
+            let ndarray_ndims = if values.len() == 1 {
+                values[0].clone()
+            } else {
+                todo!("Unpacking literal of more than one element unimplemented")
+            };
+            let Ok(ndarray_ndims) = u64::try_from(ndarray_ndims) else {
+                unreachable!("Expected u64 value for ndarray_ndims")
+            };
 
             // Obtain the shape of the ndarray
             let shape_tuple: &PyTuple = obj.getattr("shape")?.downcast()?;
-            assert_eq!(shape_tuple.len(), ndims as usize);
-
-            // The Rust type inferencer cannot figure this out
-            let shape_values = shape_tuple
+            assert_eq!(shape_tuple.len(), ndarray_ndims as usize);
+            let shape_values: Result<Option<Vec<_>>, _> = shape_tuple
                 .iter()
                 .enumerate()
                 .map(|(i, elem)| {
-                    let value = self
-                        .get_obj_value(py, elem, ctx, generator, ctx.primitives.usize())
-                        .map_err(|e| {
-                            super::CompileError::new_err(format!("Error getting element {i}: {e}"))
-                        })?
-                        .unwrap();
-                    let value = value.into_int_value();
-                    Ok(value)
+                    self.get_obj_value(py, elem, ctx, generator, ctx.primitives.usize()).map_err(
+                        |e| super::CompileError::new_err(format!("Error getting element {i}: {e}")),
+                    )
                 })
-                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, PyErr>>()?;
-
-            // Also use this opportunity to get the constant values of `shape_values` for calculating strides.
-            let shape_u64s = shape_values
-                .iter()
-                .map(|dim| {
-                    assert!(dim.is_const());
-                    dim.get_zero_extended_constant().unwrap()
-                })
-                .collect_vec();
-            let shape_values = llvm_usize.const_array(&shape_values);
+                .collect();
+            let shape_values = shape_values?.unwrap();
+            let shape_values = llvm_usize.const_array(
+                &shape_values.into_iter().map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value).collect_vec(),
+            );
 
             // create a global for ndarray.shape and initialize it using the shape
             let shape_global = ctx.module.add_global(
-                llvm_usize.array_type(ndims as u32),
+                llvm_usize.array_type(ndarray_ndims as u32),
                 Some(AddressSpace::default()),
                 &(id_str.clone() + ".shape"),
             );
@@ -1149,25 +1144,17 @@ impl InnerResolver {
 
             // Obtain the (flattened) elements of the ndarray
             let sz: usize = obj.getattr("size")?.extract()?;
-            let data: Vec<_> = (0..sz)
+            let data: Result<Option<Vec<_>>, _> = (0..sz)
                 .map(|i| {
                     obj.getattr("flat")?.get_item(i).and_then(|elem| {
-                        let value = self
-                            .get_obj_value(py, elem, ctx, generator, ndarray_dtype)
-                            .map_err(|e| {
-                                super::CompileError::new_err(format!(
-                                    "Error getting element {i}: {e}"
-                                ))
-                            })?
-                            .unwrap();
-
-                        assert_eq!(value.get_type(), dtype);
-                        Ok(value)
+                        self.get_obj_value(py, elem, ctx, generator, ndarray_dtype).map_err(|e| {
+                            super::CompileError::new_err(format!("Error getting element {i}: {e}"))
                         })
                     })
-                .try_collect()?;
-            let data = data.into_iter();
-            let data = match dtype {
+                })
+                .collect();
+            let data = data?.unwrap().into_iter();
+            let data = match ndarray_dtype_llvm_ty {
                 BasicTypeEnum::ArrayType(ty) => {
                     ty.const_array(&data.map(BasicValueEnum::into_array_value).collect_vec())
                 }
@@ -1192,68 +1179,34 @@ impl InnerResolver {
             };
 
             // create a global for ndarray.data and initialize it using the elements
-            //
-            // NOTE: NDArray's `data` is `u8*`. Here, `data_global` is an array of `dtype`.
-            // We will have to cast it to an `u8*` later.
             let data_global = ctx.module.add_global(
-                dtype.array_type(sz as u32),
+                ndarray_dtype_llvm_ty.array_type(sz as u32),
                 Some(AddressSpace::default()),
                 &(id_str.clone() + ".data"),
             );
             data_global.set_initializer(&data);
 
-            // Get the constant itemsize.
-            let itemsize = dtype.size_of().unwrap();
-            let itemsize = itemsize.get_zero_extended_constant().unwrap();
-
-            // Create the strides needed for ndarray.strides
-            let strides = make_contiguous_strides(itemsize, ndims, &shape_u64s);
-            let strides =
-                strides.into_iter().map(|stride| llvm_usize.const_int(stride, false)).collect_vec();
-            let strides = llvm_usize.const_array(&strides);
-
-            // create a global for ndarray.strides and initialize it
-            let strides_global = ctx.module.add_global(
-                llvm_i8.array_type(ndims as u32),
-                Some(AddressSpace::default()),
-                &format!("${id_str}.strides"),
-            );
-            strides_global.set_initializer(&strides);
-
             // create a global for the ndarray object and initialize it
-
-            // NOTE: data_global is an array of dtype, we want a `u8*`.
-            let ndarray_data = data_global.as_pointer_value();
-            let ndarray_data = ctx.builder.build_pointer_cast(ndarray_data, llvm_pi8, "").unwrap();
-
-            let ndarray_itemsize = llvm_usize.const_int(itemsize, false);
-
-            let ndarray_ndims = llvm_usize.const_int(ndims, false);
-
-            let ndarray_shape = shape_global.as_pointer_value();
-
-            let ndarray_strides = strides_global.as_pointer_value();
-
-            let ndarray = llvm_ndarray
-                .as_base_type()
-                .get_element_type()
-                .into_struct_type()
-                .const_named_struct(&[
-                    ndarray_itemsize.into(),
-                    ndarray_ndims.into(),
-                    ndarray_shape.into(),
-                    ndarray_strides.into(),
-                    ndarray_data.into(),
+            let value = ndarray_llvm_ty.as_underlying_type().const_named_struct(&[
+                llvm_usize.const_int(ndarray_ndims, false).into(),
+                shape_global
+                    .as_pointer_value()
+                    .const_cast(llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))
+                    .into(),
+                data_global
+                    .as_pointer_value()
+                    .const_cast(ndarray_dtype_llvm_ty.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))
+                    .into(),
             ]);
 
-            let ndarray_global = ctx.module.add_global(
-                llvm_ndarray.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_struct_type(),
+            let ndarray = ctx.module.add_global(
+                ndarray_llvm_ty.as_underlying_type(),
                 Some(AddressSpace::default()),
                 &id_str,
             );
-            ndarray_global.set_initializer(&ndarray);
+            ndarray.set_initializer(&value);
 
-            Ok(Some(ndarray_global.as_pointer_value().into()))
+            Ok(Some(ndarray.as_pointer_value().into()))
         } else if ty_id == self.primitive_ids.tuple {
             let expected_ty_enum = ctx.unifier.get_ty_immutable(expected_ty);
             let TypeEnum::TTuple { ty, is_vararg_ctx: false } = expected_ty_enum.as_ref() else {
@@ -1514,7 +1467,6 @@ impl SymbolResolver for Resolver {
         &self,
         id: StrRef,
         _: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        _: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
     ) -> Option<ValueEnum<'ctx>> {
         let sym_value = {
             let id_to_val = self.0.id_to_pyval.read();
@@ -1576,7 +1528,10 @@ impl SymbolResolver for Resolver {
         if let Some(id) = string_store.get(s) {
             *id
         } else {
-            let id = i32::try_from(string_store.len()).unwrap();
+            let id = Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<i32> {
+                self.0.helper.store_str.call1(py, (s,))?.extract(py)
+            })
+            .unwrap();
             string_store.insert(s.into(), id);
             id
         }

nac3artiq/src/timeline.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
-use itertools::Either;
-
-use nac3core::{
-    codegen::CodeGenContext,
-    inkwell::{
+use inkwell::{
     values::{BasicValueEnum, CallSiteValue},
     AddressSpace, AtomicOrdering,
-    },
 };
+use itertools::Either;
+use nac3core::codegen::CodeGenContext;
 
 /// Functions for manipulating the timeline.
 pub trait TimeFns {
@@ -34,7 +31,7 @@ impl TimeFns for NowPinningTimeFns64 {
             .unwrap_or_else(|| ctx.module.add_global(i64_type, None, "now"));
         let now_hiptr = ctx
             .builder
-            .build_bit_cast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
+            .build_bitcast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
             .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
             .unwrap();
 
@@ -83,7 +80,7 @@ impl TimeFns for NowPinningTimeFns64 {
             .unwrap_or_else(|| ctx.module.add_global(i64_type, None, "now"));
         let now_hiptr = ctx
             .builder
-            .build_bit_cast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
+            .build_bitcast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
             .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
             .unwrap();
 
@@ -112,7 +109,7 @@ impl TimeFns for NowPinningTimeFns64 {
             .unwrap_or_else(|| ctx.module.add_global(i64_type, None, "now"));
         let now_hiptr = ctx
             .builder
-            .build_bit_cast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
+            .build_bitcast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
             .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
             .unwrap();
 
@@ -210,7 +207,7 @@ impl TimeFns for NowPinningTimeFns {
             .unwrap_or_else(|| ctx.module.add_global(i64_type, None, "now"));
         let now_hiptr = ctx
             .builder
-            .build_bit_cast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
+            .build_bitcast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
             .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
             .unwrap();
 
@@ -261,7 +258,7 @@ impl TimeFns for NowPinningTimeFns {
         let time_lo = ctx.builder.build_int_truncate(time, i32_type, "time.lo").unwrap();
         let now_hiptr = ctx
             .builder
-            .build_bit_cast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
+            .build_bitcast(now, i32_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "now.hi.addr")
             .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
             .unwrap();
 

nac3ast/Cargo.toml

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ constant-optimization = ["fold"]
 fold = []
 
 [dependencies]
+lazy_static = "1.5"
 parking_lot = "0.12"
 string-interner = "0.17"
 fxhash = "0.2"

nac3ast/src/ast_gen.rs

@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@ pub use crate::location::Location;
 
 use fxhash::FxBuildHasher;
 use parking_lot::{Mutex, MutexGuard};
-use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::HashMap, fmt, sync::LazyLock};
+use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::HashMap, fmt};
 use string_interner::{symbol::SymbolU32, DefaultBackend, StringInterner};
 
 pub type Interner = StringInterner<DefaultBackend, FxBuildHasher>;
-static INTERNER: LazyLock<Mutex<Interner>> =
-    LazyLock::new(|| Mutex::new(StringInterner::with_hasher(FxBuildHasher::default())));
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref INTERNER: Mutex<Interner> =
+        Mutex::new(StringInterner::with_hasher(FxBuildHasher::default()));
+}
 
 thread_local! {
     static LOCAL_INTERNER: RefCell<HashMap<String, StrRef>> = RefCell::default();
@@ -115,10 +117,6 @@ pub enum StmtKind<U = ()> {
         type_comment: Option<String>,
         config_comment: Vec<Ident>,
     },
-    // ModuleDef {
-    //     name: Ident,
-    //     body: Vec<Stmt<U>>,
-    // },
     ClassDef {
         name: Ident,
         bases: Vec<Expr<U>>,
@@ -630,12 +628,6 @@ pub mod fold {
                 type_comment: Foldable::fold(type_comment, folder)?,
                 config_comment: Foldable::fold(config_comment, folder)?,
             }),
-            // StmtKind::ModuleDef { name, body } => {
-            //     Ok(StmtKind::ModuleDef { 
-            //         name: Foldable::fold(name, folder)?,
-            //         body: Foldable::fold(body, folder)?,
-            //     })
-            // }
             StmtKind::ClassDef { name, bases, keywords, body, decorator_list, config_comment } => {
                 Ok(StmtKind::ClassDef {
                     name: Foldable::fold(name, folder)?,

nac3ast/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-#![deny(future_incompatible, let_underscore, nonstandard_style, clippy::all)]
+#![deny(
+    future_incompatible,
+    let_underscore,
+    nonstandard_style,
+    rust_2024_compatibility,
+    clippy::all
+)]
 #![warn(clippy::pedantic)]
 #![allow(
     clippy::missing_errors_doc,
@@ -8,6 +14,9 @@
     clippy::wildcard_imports
 )]
 
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate lazy_static;
+
 mod ast_gen;
 mod constant;
 #[cfg(feature = "fold")]

nac3core/Cargo.toml

@@ -5,25 +5,22 @@ authors = ["M-Labs"]
 edition = "2021"
 
 [features]
-default = ["derive"]
-derive = ["dep:nac3core_derive"]
 no-escape-analysis = []
 
 [dependencies]
 itertools = "0.13"
 crossbeam = "0.8"
-indexmap = "2.6"
+indexmap = "2.2"
 parking_lot = "0.12"
-rayon = "1.10"
-nac3core_derive = { path = "nac3core_derive", optional = true }
+rayon = "1.8"
 nac3parser = { path = "../nac3parser" }
 strum = "0.26"
 strum_macros = "0.26"
 
 [dependencies.inkwell]
-version = "0.5"
+version = "0.4"
 default-features = false
-features = ["llvm14-0-prefer-dynamic", "target-x86", "target-arm", "target-riscv", "no-libffi-linking"]
+features = ["llvm14-0", "target-x86", "target-arm", "target-riscv", "no-libffi-linking"]
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 test-case = "1.2.0"

nac3core/build.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use regex::Regex;
 use std::{
     env,
     fs::File,
@@ -6,8 +7,6 @@ use std::{
     process::{Command, Stdio},
 };
 
-use regex::Regex;
-
 fn main() {
     let out_dir = env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap();
     let out_dir = Path::new(&out_dir);
@@ -56,8 +55,9 @@ fn main() {
     let output = Command::new("clang-irrt")
         .args(flags)
         .output()
-        .inspect(|o| {
+        .map(|o| {
             assert!(o.status.success(), "{}", std::str::from_utf8(&o.stderr).unwrap());
+            o
         })
         .unwrap();
 

nac3core/irrt/irrt.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 #include "irrt/exception.hpp"
+#include "irrt/int_types.hpp"
 #include "irrt/list.hpp"
 #include "irrt/math.hpp"
 #include "irrt/ndarray.hpp"
-#include "irrt/range.hpp"
 #include "irrt/slice.hpp"
-#include "irrt/ndarray/basic.hpp"
-#include "irrt/ndarray/def.hpp"
-#include "irrt/ndarray/iter.hpp"
-#include "irrt/ndarray/indexing.hpp"

nac3core/irrt/irrt/cslice.hpp

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@
 
 template<typename SizeT>
 struct CSlice {
-    void* base;
+    uint8_t* base;
     SizeT len;
 };

nac3core/irrt/irrt/exception.hpp

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 /**
  * @brief The int type of ARTIQ exception IDs.
  */
-using ExceptionId = int32_t;
+typedef int32_t ExceptionId;
 
 /*
  * Set of exceptions C++ IRRT can use.
@@ -55,14 +55,11 @@ void _raise_exception_helper(ExceptionId id,
                              int64_t param2) {
     Exception<SizeT> e = {
         .id = id,
-        .filename = {.base = reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<char*>(filename)),
-                     .len = static_cast<SizeT>(__builtin_strlen(filename))},
+        .filename = {.base = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(filename), .len = __builtin_strlen(filename)},
         .line = line,
         .column = 0,
-        .function = {.base = reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<char*>(function)),
-                     .len = static_cast<SizeT>(__builtin_strlen(function))},
-        .msg = {.base = reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<char*>(msg)),
-                .len = static_cast<SizeT>(__builtin_strlen(msg))},
+        .function = {.base = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(function), .len = __builtin_strlen(function)},
+        .msg = {.base = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(msg), .len = __builtin_strlen(msg)},
     };
     e.params[0] = param0;
     e.params[1] = param1;
@@ -70,7 +67,6 @@ void _raise_exception_helper(ExceptionId id,
     __nac3_raise(reinterpret_cast<void*>(&e));
     __builtin_unreachable();
 }
-}  // namespace
 
 /**
  * @brief Raise an exception with location details (location in the IRRT source files).
@@ -83,3 +79,4 @@ void _raise_exception_helper(ExceptionId id,
  */
 #define raise_exception(SizeT, id, msg, param0, param1, param2) \
     _raise_exception_helper<SizeT>(id, __FILE__, __LINE__, __FUNCTION__, msg, param0, param1, param2)
+}  // namespace

nac3core/irrt/irrt/int_types.hpp

@@ -1,27 +1,13 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 202000
 using int8_t = _BitInt(8);
 using uint8_t = unsigned _BitInt(8);
 using int32_t = _BitInt(32);
 using uint32_t = unsigned _BitInt(32);
 using int64_t = _BitInt(64);
 using uint64_t = unsigned _BitInt(64);
-#else
-
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-type"
-using int8_t = _ExtInt(8);
-using uint8_t = unsigned _ExtInt(8);
-using int32_t = _ExtInt(32);
-using uint32_t = unsigned _ExtInt(32);
-using int64_t = _ExtInt(64);
-using uint64_t = unsigned _ExtInt(64);
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop
-
-#endif
 
 // NDArray indices are always `uint32_t`.
-using NDIndexInt = uint32_t;
+using NDIndex = uint32_t;
 // The type of an index or a value describing the length of a range/slice is always `int32_t`.
 using SliceIndex = int32_t;

nac3core/irrt/irrt/list.hpp

@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ extern "C" {
 SliceIndex __nac3_list_slice_assign_var_size(SliceIndex dest_start,
                                              SliceIndex dest_end,
                                              SliceIndex dest_step,
-                                             void* dest_arr,
+                                             uint8_t* dest_arr,
                                              SliceIndex dest_arr_len,
                                              SliceIndex src_start,
                                              SliceIndex src_end,
                                              SliceIndex src_step,
-                                             void* src_arr,
+                                             uint8_t* src_arr,
                                              SliceIndex src_arr_len,
                                              const SliceIndex size) {
     /* if dest_arr_len == 0, do nothing since we do not support extending list */
@@ -29,13 +29,11 @@ SliceIndex __nac3_list_slice_assign_var_size(SliceIndex dest_start,
         const SliceIndex src_len = (src_end >= src_start) ? (src_end - src_start + 1) : 0;
         const SliceIndex dest_len = (dest_end >= dest_start) ? (dest_end - dest_start + 1) : 0;
         if (src_len > 0) {
-            __builtin_memmove(static_cast<uint8_t*>(dest_arr) + dest_start * size,
-                              static_cast<uint8_t*>(src_arr) + src_start * size, src_len * size);
+            __builtin_memmove(dest_arr + dest_start * size, src_arr + src_start * size, src_len * size);
         }
         if (dest_len > 0) {
             /* dropping */
-            __builtin_memmove(static_cast<uint8_t*>(dest_arr) + (dest_start + src_len) * size,
-                              static_cast<uint8_t*>(dest_arr) + (dest_end + 1) * size,
+            __builtin_memmove(dest_arr + (dest_start + src_len) * size, dest_arr + (dest_end + 1) * size,
                               (dest_arr_len - dest_end - 1) * size);
         }
         /* shrink size */
@@ -46,7 +44,7 @@ SliceIndex __nac3_list_slice_assign_var_size(SliceIndex dest_start,
                           && !(max(dest_start, dest_end) < min(src_start, src_end)
                                || max(src_start, src_end) < min(dest_start, dest_end));
     if (need_alloca) {
-        void* tmp = __builtin_alloca(src_arr_len * size);
+        uint8_t* tmp = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(__builtin_alloca(src_arr_len * size));
         __builtin_memcpy(tmp, src_arr, src_arr_len * size);
         src_arr = tmp;
     }
@@ -55,24 +53,20 @@ SliceIndex __nac3_list_slice_assign_var_size(SliceIndex dest_start,
     for (; (src_step > 0) ? (src_ind <= src_end) : (src_ind >= src_end); src_ind += src_step, dest_ind += dest_step) {
         /* for constant optimization */
         if (size == 1) {
-            __builtin_memcpy(static_cast<uint8_t*>(dest_arr) + dest_ind, static_cast<uint8_t*>(src_arr) + src_ind, 1);
+            __builtin_memcpy(dest_arr + dest_ind, src_arr + src_ind, 1);
         } else if (size == 4) {
-            __builtin_memcpy(static_cast<uint8_t*>(dest_arr) + dest_ind * 4,
-                             static_cast<uint8_t*>(src_arr) + src_ind * 4, 4);
+            __builtin_memcpy(dest_arr + dest_ind * 4, src_arr + src_ind * 4, 4);
         } else if (size == 8) {
-            __builtin_memcpy(static_cast<uint8_t*>(dest_arr) + dest_ind * 8,
-                             static_cast<uint8_t*>(src_arr) + src_ind * 8, 8);
+            __builtin_memcpy(dest_arr + dest_ind * 8, src_arr + src_ind * 8, 8);
         } else {
             /* memcpy for var size, cannot overlap after previous alloca */
-            __builtin_memcpy(static_cast<uint8_t*>(dest_arr) + dest_ind * size,
-                             static_cast<uint8_t*>(src_arr) + src_ind * size, size);
+            __builtin_memcpy(dest_arr + dest_ind * size, src_arr + src_ind * size, size);
         }
     }
     /* only dest_step == 1 can we shrink the dest list. */
     /* size should be ensured prior to calling this function */
     if (dest_step == 1 && dest_end >= dest_start) {
-        __builtin_memmove(static_cast<uint8_t*>(dest_arr) + dest_ind * size,
-                          static_cast<uint8_t*>(dest_arr) + (dest_end + 1) * size,
+        __builtin_memmove(dest_arr + dest_ind * size, dest_arr + (dest_end + 1) * size,
                           (dest_arr_len - dest_end - 1) * size);
         return dest_arr_len - (dest_end - dest_ind) - 1;
     }

nac3core/irrt/irrt/math.hpp

@@ -90,4 +90,4 @@ double __nac3_j0(double x) {
 
     return j0(x);
 }
-}  // namespace
+}

nac3core/irrt/irrt/ndarray.hpp

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 #include "irrt/int_types.hpp"
 
-// TODO: To be deleted since NDArray with strides is done.
-
 namespace {
 template<typename SizeT>
 SizeT __nac3_ndarray_calc_size_impl(const SizeT* list_data, SizeT list_len, SizeT begin_idx, SizeT end_idx) {
@@ -19,7 +17,7 @@ SizeT __nac3_ndarray_calc_size_impl(const SizeT* list_data, SizeT list_len, Size
 }
 
 template<typename SizeT>
-void __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices_impl(SizeT index, const SizeT* dims, SizeT num_dims, NDIndexInt* idxs) {
+void __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices_impl(SizeT index, const SizeT* dims, SizeT num_dims, NDIndex* idxs) {
     SizeT stride = 1;
     for (SizeT dim = 0; dim < num_dims; dim++) {
         SizeT i = num_dims - dim - 1;
@@ -30,10 +28,7 @@ void __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices_impl(SizeT index, const SizeT* dims, SizeT n
 }
 
 template<typename SizeT>
-SizeT __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index_impl(const SizeT* dims,
-                                        SizeT num_dims,
-                                        const NDIndexInt* indices,
-                                        SizeT num_indices) {
+SizeT __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index_impl(const SizeT* dims, SizeT num_dims, const NDIndex* indices, SizeT num_indices) {
     SizeT idx = 0;
     SizeT stride = 1;
     for (SizeT i = 0; i < num_dims; ++i) {
@@ -80,8 +75,8 @@ void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_impl(const SizeT* lhs_dims,
 template<typename SizeT>
 void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx_impl(const SizeT* src_dims,
                                             SizeT src_ndims,
-                                            const NDIndexInt* in_idx,
-                                            NDIndexInt* out_idx) {
+                                            const NDIndex* in_idx,
+                                            NDIndex* out_idx) {
     for (SizeT i = 0; i < src_ndims; ++i) {
         SizeT src_i = src_ndims - i - 1;
         out_idx[src_i] = src_dims[src_i] == 1 ? 0 : in_idx[src_i];
@@ -99,23 +94,21 @@ __nac3_ndarray_calc_size64(const uint64_t* list_data, uint64_t list_len, uint64_
     return __nac3_ndarray_calc_size_impl(list_data, list_len, begin_idx, end_idx);
 }
 
-void __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices(uint32_t index, const uint32_t* dims, uint32_t num_dims, NDIndexInt* idxs) {
+void __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices(uint32_t index, const uint32_t* dims, uint32_t num_dims, NDIndex* idxs) {
     __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices_impl(index, dims, num_dims, idxs);
 }
 
-void __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices64(uint64_t index, const uint64_t* dims, uint64_t num_dims, NDIndexInt* idxs) {
+void __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices64(uint64_t index, const uint64_t* dims, uint64_t num_dims, NDIndex* idxs) {
     __nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices_impl(index, dims, num_dims, idxs);
 }
 
 uint32_t
-__nac3_ndarray_flatten_index(const uint32_t* dims, uint32_t num_dims, const NDIndexInt* indices, uint32_t num_indices) {
+__nac3_ndarray_flatten_index(const uint32_t* dims, uint32_t num_dims, const NDIndex* indices, uint32_t num_indices) {
     return __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index_impl(dims, num_dims, indices, num_indices);
 }
 
-uint64_t __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index64(const uint64_t* dims,
-                                        uint64_t num_dims,
-                                        const NDIndexInt* indices,
-                                        uint64_t num_indices) {
+uint64_t
+__nac3_ndarray_flatten_index64(const uint64_t* dims, uint64_t num_dims, const NDIndex* indices, uint64_t num_indices) {
     return __nac3_ndarray_flatten_index_impl(dims, num_dims, indices, num_indices);
 }
 
@@ -137,15 +130,15 @@ void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast64(const uint64_t* lhs_dims,
 
 void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx(const uint32_t* src_dims,
                                        uint32_t src_ndims,
-                                       const NDIndexInt* in_idx,
-                                       NDIndexInt* out_idx) {
+                                       const NDIndex* in_idx,
+                                       NDIndex* out_idx) {
     __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx_impl(src_dims, src_ndims, in_idx, out_idx);
 }
 
 void __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx64(const uint64_t* src_dims,
                                          uint64_t src_ndims,
-                                         const NDIndexInt* in_idx,
-                                         NDIndexInt* out_idx) {
+                                         const NDIndex* in_idx,
+                                         NDIndex* out_idx) {
     __nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx_impl(src_dims, src_ndims, in_idx, out_idx);
 }
-}  // namespace
+}

nac3core/irrt/irrt/ndarray/basic.hpp

@@ -1,342 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "irrt/debug.hpp"
-#include "irrt/exception.hpp"
-#include "irrt/int_types.hpp"
-#include "irrt/ndarray/def.hpp"
-
-namespace {
-namespace ndarray {
-namespace basic {
-/**
- * @brief Assert that `shape` does not contain negative dimensions.
- *
- * @param ndims Number of dimensions in `shape`
- * @param shape The shape to check on
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-void assert_shape_no_negative(SizeT ndims, const SizeT* shape) {
-    for (SizeT axis = 0; axis < ndims; axis++) {
-        if (shape[axis] < 0) {
-            raise_exception(SizeT, EXN_VALUE_ERROR,
-                            "negative dimensions are not allowed; axis {0} "
-                            "has dimension {1}",
-                            axis, shape[axis], NO_PARAM);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Assert that two shapes are the same in the context of writing output to an ndarray.
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-void assert_output_shape_same(SizeT ndarray_ndims,
-                              const SizeT* ndarray_shape,
-                              SizeT output_ndims,
-                              const SizeT* output_shape) {
-    if (ndarray_ndims != output_ndims) {
-        // There is no corresponding NumPy error message like this.
-        raise_exception(SizeT, EXN_VALUE_ERROR, "Cannot write output of ndims {0} to an ndarray with ndims {1}",
-                        output_ndims, ndarray_ndims, NO_PARAM);
-    }
-
-    for (SizeT axis = 0; axis < ndarray_ndims; axis++) {
-        if (ndarray_shape[axis] != output_shape[axis]) {
-            // There is no corresponding NumPy error message like this.
-            raise_exception(SizeT, EXN_VALUE_ERROR,
-                            "Mismatched dimensions on axis {0}, output has "
-                            "dimension {1}, but destination ndarray has dimension {2}.",
-                            axis, output_shape[axis], ndarray_shape[axis]);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Return the number of elements of an ndarray given its shape.
- *
- * @param ndims Number of dimensions in `shape`
- * @param shape The shape of the ndarray
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-SizeT calc_size_from_shape(SizeT ndims, const SizeT* shape) {
-    SizeT size = 1;
-    for (SizeT axis = 0; axis < ndims; axis++)
-        size *= shape[axis];
-    return size;
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Compute the array indices of the `nth` (0-based) element of an ndarray given only its shape.
- *
- * @param ndims Number of elements in `shape` and `indices`
- * @param shape The shape of the ndarray
- * @param indices The returned indices indexing the ndarray with shape `shape`.
- * @param nth The index of the element of interest.
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-void set_indices_by_nth(SizeT ndims, const SizeT* shape, SizeT* indices, SizeT nth) {
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < ndims; i++) {
-        SizeT axis = ndims - i - 1;
-        SizeT dim = shape[axis];
-
-        indices[axis] = nth % dim;
-        nth /= dim;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Return the number of elements of an `ndarray`
- *
- * This function corresponds to `<an_ndarray>.size`
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-SizeT size(const NDArray<SizeT>* ndarray) {
-    return calc_size_from_shape(ndarray->ndims, ndarray->shape);
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Return of the number of its content of an `ndarray`.
- *
- * This function corresponds to `<an_ndarray>.nbytes`.
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-SizeT nbytes(const NDArray<SizeT>* ndarray) {
-    return size(ndarray) * ndarray->itemsize;
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Get the `len()` of an ndarray, and asserts that `ndarray` is a sized object.
- *
- * This function corresponds to `<an_ndarray>.__len__`.
- *
- * @param dst_length The length.
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-SizeT len(const NDArray<SizeT>* ndarray) {
-    if (ndarray->ndims != 0) {
-        return ndarray->shape[0];
-    }
-
-    // numpy prohibits `__len__` on unsized objects
-    raise_exception(SizeT, EXN_TYPE_ERROR, "len() of unsized object", NO_PARAM, NO_PARAM, NO_PARAM);
-    __builtin_unreachable();
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Return a boolean indicating if `ndarray` is (C-)contiguous.
- *
- * You may want to see ndarray's rules for C-contiguity:
- * https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/df256d0d2f3bc6833699529824781c58f9c6e697/numpy/core/src/multiarray/flagsobject.c#L95C1-L99C45
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-bool is_c_contiguous(const NDArray<SizeT>* ndarray) {
-    // References:
-    // - tinynumpy's implementation:
-    // https://github.com/wadetb/tinynumpy/blob/0d23d22e07062ffab2afa287374c7b366eebdda1/tinynumpy/tinynumpy.py#L102
-    // - ndarray's flags["C_CONTIGUOUS"]:
-    // https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.flags.html#numpy.ndarray.flags
-    // - ndarray's rules for C-contiguity:
-    // https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/df256d0d2f3bc6833699529824781c58f9c6e697/numpy/core/src/multiarray/flagsobject.c#L95C1-L99C45
-
-    // From
-    // https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/df256d0d2f3bc6833699529824781c58f9c6e697/numpy/core/src/multiarray/flagsobject.c#L95C1-L99C45:
-    //
-    // The traditional rule is that for an array to be flagged as C contiguous,
-    // the following must hold:
-    //
-    // strides[-1] == itemsize
-    // strides[i] == shape[i+1] * strides[i + 1]
-    // [...]
-    // According to these rules, a 0- or 1-dimensional array is either both
-    // C- and F-contiguous, or neither; and an array with 2+ dimensions
-    // can be C- or F- contiguous, or neither, but not both. Though there
-    // there are exceptions for arrays with zero or one item, in the first
-    // case the check is relaxed up to and including the first dimension
-    // with shape[i] == 0. In the second case `strides == itemsize` will
-    // can be true for all dimensions and both flags are set.
-
-    if (ndarray->ndims == 0) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    if (ndarray->strides[ndarray->ndims - 1] != ndarray->itemsize) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    for (SizeT i = 1; i < ndarray->ndims; i++) {
-        SizeT axis_i = ndarray->ndims - i - 1;
-        if (ndarray->strides[axis_i] != ndarray->shape[axis_i + 1] * ndarray->strides[axis_i + 1]) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Return the pointer to the element indexed by `indices` along the ndarray's axes.
- *
- * This function does no bound check.
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-void* get_pelement_by_indices(const NDArray<SizeT>* ndarray, const SizeT* indices) {
-    void* element = ndarray->data;
-    for (SizeT dim_i = 0; dim_i < ndarray->ndims; dim_i++)
-        element = static_cast<uint8_t*>(element) + indices[dim_i] * ndarray->strides[dim_i];
-    return element;
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Return the pointer to the nth (0-based) element of `ndarray` in flattened view.
- *
- * This function does no bound check.
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-void* get_nth_pelement(const NDArray<SizeT>* ndarray, SizeT nth) {
-    void* element = ndarray->data;
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < ndarray->ndims; i++) {
-        SizeT axis = ndarray->ndims - i - 1;
-        SizeT dim = ndarray->shape[axis];
-        element = static_cast<uint8_t*>(element) + ndarray->strides[axis] * (nth % dim);
-        nth /= dim;
-    }
-    return element;
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Update the strides of an ndarray given an ndarray `shape` to be contiguous.
- *
- * You might want to read https://ajcr.net/stride-guide-part-1/.
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-void set_strides_by_shape(NDArray<SizeT>* ndarray) {
-    SizeT stride_product = 1;
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < ndarray->ndims; i++) {
-        SizeT axis = ndarray->ndims - i - 1;
-        ndarray->strides[axis] = stride_product * ndarray->itemsize;
-        stride_product *= ndarray->shape[axis];
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Set an element in `ndarray`.
- *
- * @param pelement Pointer to the element in `ndarray` to be set.
- * @param pvalue Pointer to the value `pelement` will be set to.
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-void set_pelement_value(NDArray<SizeT>* ndarray, void* pelement, const void* pvalue) {
-    __builtin_memcpy(pelement, pvalue, ndarray->itemsize);
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Copy data from one ndarray to another of the exact same size and itemsize.
- *
- * Both ndarrays will be viewed in their flatten views when copying the elements.
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-void copy_data(const NDArray<SizeT>* src_ndarray, NDArray<SizeT>* dst_ndarray) {
-    // TODO: Make this faster with memcpy when we see a contiguous segment.
-    // TODO: Handle overlapping.
-
-    debug_assert_eq(SizeT, src_ndarray->itemsize, dst_ndarray->itemsize);
-
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < size(src_ndarray); i++) {
-        auto src_element = ndarray::basic::get_nth_pelement(src_ndarray, i);
-        auto dst_element = ndarray::basic::get_nth_pelement(dst_ndarray, i);
-        ndarray::basic::set_pelement_value(dst_ndarray, dst_element, src_element);
-    }
-}
-}  // namespace basic
-}  // namespace ndarray
-}  // namespace
-
-extern "C" {
-using namespace ndarray::basic;
-
-void __nac3_ndarray_util_assert_shape_no_negative(int32_t ndims, int32_t* shape) {
-    assert_shape_no_negative(ndims, shape);
-}
-
-void __nac3_ndarray_util_assert_shape_no_negative64(int64_t ndims, int64_t* shape) {
-    assert_shape_no_negative(ndims, shape);
-}
-
-void __nac3_ndarray_util_assert_output_shape_same(int32_t ndarray_ndims,
-                                                  const int32_t* ndarray_shape,
-                                                  int32_t output_ndims,
-                                                  const int32_t* output_shape) {
-    assert_output_shape_same(ndarray_ndims, ndarray_shape, output_ndims, output_shape);
-}
-
-void __nac3_ndarray_util_assert_output_shape_same64(int64_t ndarray_ndims,
-                                                    const int64_t* ndarray_shape,
-                                                    int64_t output_ndims,
-                                                    const int64_t* output_shape) {
-    assert_output_shape_same(ndarray_ndims, ndarray_shape, output_ndims, output_shape);
-}
-
-uint32_t __nac3_ndarray_size(NDArray<int32_t>* ndarray) {
-    return size(ndarray);
-}
-
-uint64_t __nac3_ndarray_size64(NDArray<int64_t>* ndarray) {
-    return size(ndarray);
-}
-
-uint32_t __nac3_ndarray_nbytes(NDArray<int32_t>* ndarray) {
-    return nbytes(ndarray);
-}
-
-uint64_t __nac3_ndarray_nbytes64(NDArray<int64_t>* ndarray) {
-    return nbytes(ndarray);
-}
-
-int32_t __nac3_ndarray_len(NDArray<int32_t>* ndarray) {
-    return len(ndarray);
-}
-
-int64_t __nac3_ndarray_len64(NDArray<int64_t>* ndarray) {
-    return len(ndarray);
-}
-
-bool __nac3_ndarray_is_c_contiguous(NDArray<int32_t>* ndarray) {
-    return is_c_contiguous(ndarray);
-}
-
-bool __nac3_ndarray_is_c_contiguous64(NDArray<int64_t>* ndarray) {
-    return is_c_contiguous(ndarray);
-}
-
-void* __nac3_ndarray_get_nth_pelement(const NDArray<int32_t>* ndarray, int32_t nth) {
-    return get_nth_pelement(ndarray, nth);
-}
-
-void* __nac3_ndarray_get_nth_pelement64(const NDArray<int64_t>* ndarray, int64_t nth) {
-    return get_nth_pelement(ndarray, nth);
-}
-
-void* __nac3_ndarray_get_pelement_by_indices(const NDArray<int32_t>* ndarray, int32_t* indices) {
-    return get_pelement_by_indices(ndarray, indices);
-}
-
-void* __nac3_ndarray_get_pelement_by_indices64(const NDArray<int64_t>* ndarray, int64_t* indices) {
-    return get_pelement_by_indices(ndarray, indices);
-}
-
-void __nac3_ndarray_set_strides_by_shape(NDArray<int32_t>* ndarray) {
-    set_strides_by_shape(ndarray);
-}
-
-void __nac3_ndarray_set_strides_by_shape64(NDArray<int64_t>* ndarray) {
-    set_strides_by_shape(ndarray);
-}
-
-void __nac3_ndarray_copy_data(NDArray<int32_t>* src_ndarray, NDArray<int32_t>* dst_ndarray) {
-    copy_data(src_ndarray, dst_ndarray);
-}
-
-void __nac3_ndarray_copy_data64(NDArray<int64_t>* src_ndarray, NDArray<int64_t>* dst_ndarray) {
-    copy_data(src_ndarray, dst_ndarray);
-}
-}

nac3core/irrt/irrt/ndarray/def.hpp

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "irrt/int_types.hpp"
-
-namespace {
-/**
- * @brief The NDArray object
- *
- * Official numpy implementation:
- * https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/735a477f0bc2b5b84d0e72d92f224bde78d4e069/doc/source/reference/c-api/types-and-structures.rst#pyarrayinterface
- *
- * Note that this implementation is based on `PyArrayInterface` rather of `PyArrayObject`. The
- * difference between `PyArrayInterface` and `PyArrayObject` (relevant to our implementation) is
- * that `PyArrayInterface` *has* `itemsize` and uses `void*` for its `data`, whereas `PyArrayObject`
- * does not require `itemsize` (probably using `strides[-1]` instead) and uses `char*` for its
- * `data`. There are also minor differences in the struct layout.
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-struct NDArray {
-    /**
-     * @brief The number of bytes of a single element in `data`.
-     */
-    SizeT itemsize;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief The number of dimensions of this shape.
-     */
-    SizeT ndims;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief The NDArray shape, with length equal to `ndims`.
-     *
-     * Note that it may contain 0.
-     */
-    SizeT* shape;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Array strides, with length equal to `ndims`
-     *
-     * The stride values are in units of bytes, not number of elements.
-     *
-     * Note that `strides` can have negative values or contain 0.
-     */
-    SizeT* strides;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief The underlying data this `ndarray` is pointing to.
-     */
-    void* data;
-};
-}  // namespace

nac3core/irrt/irrt/ndarray/indexing.hpp

@@ -1,220 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "irrt/exception.hpp"
-#include "irrt/int_types.hpp"
-#include "irrt/ndarray/basic.hpp"
-#include "irrt/ndarray/def.hpp"
-#include "irrt/range.hpp"
-#include "irrt/slice.hpp"
-
-namespace {
-typedef uint8_t NDIndexType;
-
-/**
- * @brief A single element index
- *
- * `data` points to a `int32_t`.
- */
-const NDIndexType ND_INDEX_TYPE_SINGLE_ELEMENT = 0;
-
-/**
- * @brief A slice index
- *
- * `data` points to a `Slice<int32_t>`.
- */
-const NDIndexType ND_INDEX_TYPE_SLICE = 1;
-
-/**
- * @brief `np.newaxis` / `None`
- *
- * `data` is unused.
- */
-const NDIndexType ND_INDEX_TYPE_NEWAXIS = 2;
-
-/**
- * @brief `Ellipsis` / `...`
- *
- * `data` is unused.
- */
-const NDIndexType ND_INDEX_TYPE_ELLIPSIS = 3;
-
-/**
- * @brief An index used in ndarray indexing
- *
- * That is:
- * ```
- * my_ndarray[::-1, 3, ..., np.newaxis]
- *            ^^^^  ^  ^^^  ^^^^^^^^^^ each of these is represented by an NDIndex.
- * ```
- */
-struct NDIndex {
-    /**
-     * @brief Enum tag to specify the type of index.
-     *
-     * Please see the comment of each enum constant.
-     */
-    NDIndexType type;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief The accompanying data associated with `type`.
-     *
-     * Please see the comment of each enum constant.
-     */
-    uint8_t* data;
-};
-}  // namespace
-
-namespace {
-namespace ndarray {
-namespace indexing {
-/**
- * @brief Perform ndarray "basic indexing" (https://numpy.org/doc/stable/user/basics.indexing.html#basic-indexing)
- *
- * This function is very similar to performing `dst_ndarray = src_ndarray[indices]` in Python.
- *
- * This function also does proper assertions on `indices` to check for out of bounds access and more.
- *
- * # Notes on `dst_ndarray`
- * The caller is responsible for allocating space for the resulting ndarray.
- * Here is what this function expects from `dst_ndarray` when called:
- *   - `dst_ndarray->data` does not have to be initialized.
- *   - `dst_ndarray->itemsize` does not have to be initialized.
- *   - `dst_ndarray->ndims` must be initialized, and it must be equal to the expected `ndims` of the `dst_ndarray` after
- *       indexing `src_ndarray` with `indices`.
- *   - `dst_ndarray->shape` must be allocated, through it can contain uninitialized values.
- *   - `dst_ndarray->strides` must be allocated, through it can contain uninitialized values.
- * When this function call ends:
- *   - `dst_ndarray->data` is set to `src_ndarray->data`.
- *   - `dst_ndarray->itemsize` is set to `src_ndarray->itemsize`.
- *   - `dst_ndarray->ndims` is unchanged.
- *   - `dst_ndarray->shape` is updated according to how `src_ndarray` is indexed.
- *   - `dst_ndarray->strides` is updated accordingly by how ndarray indexing works.
- *
- * @param indices indices to index `src_ndarray`, ordered in the same way you would write them in Python.
- * @param src_ndarray The NDArray to be indexed.
- * @param dst_ndarray The resulting NDArray after indexing. Further details in the comments above,
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-void index(SizeT num_indices, const NDIndex* indices, const NDArray<SizeT>* src_ndarray, NDArray<SizeT>* dst_ndarray) {
-    // Validate `indices`.
-
-    // Expected value of `dst_ndarray->ndims`.
-    SizeT expected_dst_ndims = src_ndarray->ndims;
-    // To check for "too many indices for array: array is ?-dimensional, but ? were indexed"
-    SizeT num_indexed = 0;
-    // There may be ellipsis `...` in `indices`. There can only be 0 or 1 ellipsis.
-    SizeT num_ellipsis = 0;
-
-    for (SizeT i = 0; i < num_indices; i++) {
-        if (indices[i].type == ND_INDEX_TYPE_SINGLE_ELEMENT) {
-            expected_dst_ndims--;
-            num_indexed++;
-        } else if (indices[i].type == ND_INDEX_TYPE_SLICE) {
-            num_indexed++;
-        } else if (indices[i].type == ND_INDEX_TYPE_NEWAXIS) {
-            expected_dst_ndims++;
-        } else if (indices[i].type == ND_INDEX_TYPE_ELLIPSIS) {
-            num_ellipsis++;
-            if (num_ellipsis > 1) {
-                raise_exception(SizeT, EXN_INDEX_ERROR, "an index can only have a single ellipsis ('...')", NO_PARAM,
-                                NO_PARAM, NO_PARAM);
-            }
-        } else {
-            __builtin_unreachable();
-        }
-    }
-
-    debug_assert_eq(SizeT, expected_dst_ndims, dst_ndarray->ndims);
-
-    if (src_ndarray->ndims - num_indexed < 0) {
-        raise_exception(SizeT, EXN_INDEX_ERROR,
-                        "too many indices for array: array is {0}-dimensional, "
-                        "but {1} were indexed",
-                        src_ndarray->ndims, num_indices, NO_PARAM);
-    }
-
-    dst_ndarray->data = src_ndarray->data;
-    dst_ndarray->itemsize = src_ndarray->itemsize;
-
-    // Reference code:
-    // https://github.com/wadetb/tinynumpy/blob/0d23d22e07062ffab2afa287374c7b366eebdda1/tinynumpy/tinynumpy.py#L652
-    SizeT src_axis = 0;
-    SizeT dst_axis = 0;
-
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < num_indices; i++) {
-        const NDIndex* index = &indices[i];
-        if (index->type == ND_INDEX_TYPE_SINGLE_ELEMENT) {
-            SizeT input = (SizeT) * ((int32_t*)index->data);
-
-            SizeT k = slice::resolve_index_in_length(src_ndarray->shape[src_axis], input);
-            if (k == -1) {
-                raise_exception(SizeT, EXN_INDEX_ERROR,
-                                "index {0} is out of bounds for axis {1} "
-                                "with size {2}",
-                                input, src_axis, src_ndarray->shape[src_axis]);
-            }
-
-            dst_ndarray->data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(dst_ndarray->data) + k * src_ndarray->strides[src_axis];
-
-            src_axis++;
-        } else if (index->type == ND_INDEX_TYPE_SLICE) {
-            Slice<int32_t>* slice = (Slice<int32_t>*)index->data;
-
-            Range<int32_t> range = slice->indices_checked<SizeT>(src_ndarray->shape[src_axis]);
-
-            dst_ndarray->data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(dst_ndarray->data) + (SizeT)range.start * src_ndarray->strides[src_axis];
-            dst_ndarray->strides[dst_axis] = ((SizeT)range.step) * src_ndarray->strides[src_axis];
-            dst_ndarray->shape[dst_axis] = (SizeT)range.len<SizeT>();
-
-            dst_axis++;
-            src_axis++;
-        } else if (index->type == ND_INDEX_TYPE_NEWAXIS) {
-            dst_ndarray->strides[dst_axis] = 0;
-            dst_ndarray->shape[dst_axis] = 1;
-
-            dst_axis++;
-        } else if (index->type == ND_INDEX_TYPE_ELLIPSIS) {
-            // The number of ':' entries this '...' implies.
-            SizeT ellipsis_size = src_ndarray->ndims - num_indexed;
-
-            for (SizeT j = 0; j < ellipsis_size; j++) {
-                dst_ndarray->strides[dst_axis] = src_ndarray->strides[src_axis];
-                dst_ndarray->shape[dst_axis] = src_ndarray->shape[src_axis];
-
-                dst_axis++;
-                src_axis++;
-            }
-        } else {
-            __builtin_unreachable();
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (; dst_axis < dst_ndarray->ndims; dst_axis++, src_axis++) {
-        dst_ndarray->shape[dst_axis] = src_ndarray->shape[src_axis];
-        dst_ndarray->strides[dst_axis] = src_ndarray->strides[src_axis];
-    }
-
-    debug_assert_eq(SizeT, src_ndarray->ndims, src_axis);
-    debug_assert_eq(SizeT, dst_ndarray->ndims, dst_axis);
-}
-}  // namespace indexing
-}  // namespace ndarray
-}  // namespace
-
-extern "C" {
-using namespace ndarray::indexing;
-
-void __nac3_ndarray_index(int32_t num_indices,
-                          NDIndex* indices,
-                          NDArray<int32_t>* src_ndarray,
-                          NDArray<int32_t>* dst_ndarray) {
-    index(num_indices, indices, src_ndarray, dst_ndarray);
-}
-
-void __nac3_ndarray_index64(int64_t num_indices,
-                            NDIndex* indices,
-                            NDArray<int64_t>* src_ndarray,
-                            NDArray<int64_t>* dst_ndarray) {
-    index(num_indices, indices, src_ndarray, dst_ndarray);
-}
-}

nac3core/irrt/irrt/ndarray/iter.hpp

@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "irrt/int_types.hpp"
-#include "irrt/ndarray/def.hpp"
-
-namespace {
-/**
- * @brief Helper struct to enumerate through an ndarray *efficiently*.
- *
- * Example usage (in pseudo-code):
- * ```
- * // Suppose my_ndarray has been initialized, with shape [2, 3] and dtype `double`
- * NDIter nditer;
- * nditer.initialize(my_ndarray);
- * while (nditer.has_element()) {
- *    // This body is run 6 (= my_ndarray.size) times.
- *
- *    // [0, 0] -> [0, 1] -> [0, 2] -> [1, 0] -> [1, 1] -> [1, 2] -> end
- *    print(nditer.indices);
- *
- *    // 0 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5
- *    print(nditer.nth);
- *
- *    // <1st element> -> <2nd element> -> ... -> <6th element> -> end
- *    print(*((double *) nditer.element))
- *
- *    nditer.next(); // Go to next element.
- * }
- * ```
- *
- * Interesting cases:
- * - If `my_ndarray.ndims` == 0, there is one iteration.
- * - If `my_ndarray.shape` contains zeroes, there are no iterations.
- */
-template<typename SizeT>
-struct NDIter {
-    // Information about the ndarray being iterated over.
-    SizeT ndims;
-    SizeT* shape;
-    SizeT* strides;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief The current indices.
-     *
-     * Must be allocated by the caller.
-     */
-    SizeT* indices;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief The nth (0-based) index of the current indices.
-     *
-     * Initially this is 0.
-     */
-    SizeT nth;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Pointer to the current element.
-     *
-     * Initially this points to first element of the ndarray.
-     */
-    void* element;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Cache for the product of shape.
-     *
-     * Could be 0 if `shape` has 0s in it.
-     */
-    SizeT size;
-
-    void initialize(SizeT ndims, SizeT* shape, SizeT* strides, void* element, SizeT* indices) {
-        this->ndims = ndims;
-        this->shape = shape;
-        this->strides = strides;
-
-        this->indices = indices;
-        this->element = element;
-
-        // Compute size
-        this->size = 1;
-        for (SizeT i = 0; i < ndims; i++) {
-            this->size *= shape[i];
-        }
-
-        // `indices` starts on all 0s.
-        for (SizeT axis = 0; axis < ndims; axis++)
-            indices[axis] = 0;
-        nth = 0;
-    }
-
-    void initialize_by_ndarray(NDArray<SizeT>* ndarray, SizeT* indices) {
-        // NOTE: ndarray->data is pointing to the first element, and `NDIter`'s `element` should also point to the first
-        // element as well.
-        this->initialize(ndarray->ndims, ndarray->shape, ndarray->strides, ndarray->data, indices);
-    }
-
-    // Is the current iteration valid?
-    // If true, then `element`, `indices` and `nth` contain details about the current element.
-    bool has_element() { return nth < size; }
-
-    // Go to the next element.
-    void next() {
-        for (SizeT i = 0; i < ndims; i++) {
-            SizeT axis = ndims - i - 1;
-            indices[axis]++;
-            if (indices[axis] >= shape[axis]) {
-                indices[axis] = 0;
-
-                // TODO: There is something called backstrides to speedup iteration.
-                // See https://ajcr.net/stride-guide-part-1/, and
-                // https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.13.0/reference/c-api.types-and-structures.html#c.PyArrayIterObject.PyArrayIterObject.backstrides.
-                element = static_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(element) - strides[axis] * (shape[axis] - 1));
-            } else {
-                element = static_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(element) + strides[axis]);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        nth++;
-    }
-};
-}  // namespace
-
-extern "C" {
-void __nac3_nditer_initialize(NDIter<int32_t>* iter, NDArray<int32_t>* ndarray, int32_t* indices) {
-    iter->initialize_by_ndarray(ndarray, indices);
-}
-
-void __nac3_nditer_initialize64(NDIter<int64_t>* iter, NDArray<int64_t>* ndarray, int64_t* indices) {
-    iter->initialize_by_ndarray(ndarray, indices);
-}
-
-bool __nac3_nditer_has_element(NDIter<int32_t>* iter) {
-    return iter->has_element();
-}
-
-bool __nac3_nditer_has_element64(NDIter<int64_t>* iter) {
-    return iter->has_element();
-}
-
-void __nac3_nditer_next(NDIter<int32_t>* iter) {
-    iter->next();
-}
-
-void __nac3_nditer_next64(NDIter<int64_t>* iter) {
-    iter->next();
-}
-}

nac3core/irrt/irrt/range.hpp

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "irrt/debug.hpp"
-#include "irrt/int_types.hpp"
-
-namespace {
-namespace range {
-template<typename T>
-T len(T start, T stop, T step) {
-    // Reference:
-    // https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/9dbd12375561a393eaec4b21ee4ac568a407cdb0/Objects/rangeobject.c#L933
-    if (step > 0 && start < stop)
-        return 1 + (stop - 1 - start) / step;
-    else if (step < 0 && start > stop)
-        return 1 + (start - 1 - stop) / (-step);
-    else
-        return 0;
-}
-}  // namespace range
-
-/**
- * @brief A Python range.
- */
-template<typename T>
-struct Range {
-    T start;
-    T stop;
-    T step;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Calculate the `len()` of this range.
-     */
-    template<typename SizeT>
-    T len() {
-        debug_assert(SizeT, step != 0);
-        return range::len(start, stop, step);
-    }
-};
-}  // namespace
-
-extern "C" {
-using namespace range;
-
-SliceIndex __nac3_range_slice_len(const SliceIndex start, const SliceIndex end, const SliceIndex step) {
-    return len(start, end, step);
-}
-}

nac3core/irrt/irrt/slice.hpp

@@ -1,145 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "irrt/debug.hpp"
-#include "irrt/exception.hpp"
 #include "irrt/int_types.hpp"
-#include "irrt/math_util.hpp"
-#include "irrt/range.hpp"
-
-namespace {
-namespace slice {
-/**
- * @brief Resolve a possibly negative index in a list of a known length.
- *
- * Returns -1 if the resolved index is out of the list's bounds.
- */
-template<typename T>
-T resolve_index_in_length(T length, T index) {
-    T resolved = index < 0 ? length + index : index;
-    if (0 <= resolved && resolved < length) {
-        return resolved;
-    } else {
-        return -1;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Resolve a slice as a range.
- *
- * This is equivalent to `range(*slice(start, stop, step).indices(length))` in Python.
- */
-template<typename T>
-void indices(bool start_defined,
-             T start,
-             bool stop_defined,
-             T stop,
-             bool step_defined,
-             T step,
-             T length,
-             T* range_start,
-             T* range_stop,
-             T* range_step) {
-    // Reference: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Objects/sliceobject.c#L388
-    *range_step = step_defined ? step : 1;
-    bool step_is_negative = *range_step < 0;
-
-    T lower, upper;
-    if (step_is_negative) {
-        lower = -1;
-        upper = length - 1;
-    } else {
-        lower = 0;
-        upper = length;
-    }
-
-    if (start_defined) {
-        *range_start = start < 0 ? max(lower, start + length) : min(upper, start);
-    } else {
-        *range_start = step_is_negative ? upper : lower;
-    }
-
-    if (stop_defined) {
-        *range_stop = stop < 0 ? max(lower, stop + length) : min(upper, stop);
-    } else {
-        *range_stop = step_is_negative ? lower : upper;
-    }
-}
-}  // namespace slice
-
-/**
- * @brief A Python-like slice with **unresolved** indices.
- */
-template<typename T>
-struct Slice {
-    bool start_defined;
-    T start;
-
-    bool stop_defined;
-    T stop;
-
-    bool step_defined;
-    T step;
-
-    Slice() { this->reset(); }
-
-    void reset() {
-        this->start_defined = false;
-        this->stop_defined = false;
-        this->step_defined = false;
-    }
-
-    void set_start(T start) {
-        this->start_defined = true;
-        this->start = start;
-    }
-
-    void set_stop(T stop) {
-        this->stop_defined = true;
-        this->stop = stop;
-    }
-
-    void set_step(T step) {
-        this->step_defined = true;
-        this->step = step;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Resolve this slice as a range.
-     *
-     * In Python, this would be `range(*slice(start, stop, step).indices(length))`.
-     */
-    template<typename SizeT>
-    Range<T> indices(T length) {
-        // Reference:
-        // https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Objects/sliceobject.c#L388
-        debug_assert(SizeT, length >= 0);
-
-        Range<T> result;
-        slice::indices(start_defined, start, stop_defined, stop, step_defined, step, length, &result.start,
-                       &result.stop, &result.step);
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Like `.indices()` but with assertions.
-     */
-    template<typename SizeT>
-    Range<T> indices_checked(T length) {
-        // TODO: Switch to `SizeT length`
-
-        if (length < 0) {
-            raise_exception(SizeT, EXN_VALUE_ERROR, "length should not be negative, got {0}", length, NO_PARAM,
-                            NO_PARAM);
-        }
-
-        if (this->step_defined && this->step == 0) {
-            raise_exception(SizeT, EXN_VALUE_ERROR, "slice step cannot be zero", NO_PARAM, NO_PARAM, NO_PARAM);
-        }
-
-        return this->indices<SizeT>(length);
-    }
-};
-}  // namespace
 
 extern "C" {
 SliceIndex __nac3_slice_index_bound(SliceIndex i, const SliceIndex len) {
@@ -153,4 +14,15 @@ SliceIndex __nac3_slice_index_bound(SliceIndex i, const SliceIndex len) {
     }
     return i;
 }
+
+SliceIndex __nac3_range_slice_len(const SliceIndex start, const SliceIndex end, const SliceIndex step) {
+    SliceIndex diff = end - start;
+    if (diff > 0 && step > 0) {
+        return ((diff - 1) / step) + 1;
+    } else if (diff < 0 && step < 0) {
+        return ((diff + 1) / step) + 1;
+    } else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
 }

nac3core/nac3core_derive/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "nac3core_derive"
-version = "0.1.0"
-edition = "2021"
-
-[lib]
-proc-macro = true
-
-[[test]]
-name = "structfields_tests"
-path = "tests/structfields_test.rs"
-
-[dev-dependencies]
-nac3core = { path = ".." }
-trybuild = { version = "1.0", features = ["diff"] }
-
-[dependencies]
-proc-macro2 = "1.0"
-proc-macro-error = "1.0"
-syn = "2.0"
-quote = "1.0"

nac3core/nac3core_derive/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,320 +0,0 @@
-use proc_macro::TokenStream;
-use proc_macro_error::{abort, proc_macro_error};
-use quote::quote;
-use syn::{
-    parse_macro_input, spanned::Spanned, Data, DataStruct, Expr, ExprField, ExprMethodCall,
-    ExprPath, GenericArgument, Ident, LitStr, Path, PathArguments, Type, TypePath,
-};
-
-/// Extracts all generic arguments of a [`Type`] into a [`Vec`].
-///
-/// Returns [`Some`] of a possibly-empty [`Vec`] if the path of `ty` matches with
-/// `expected_ty_name`, otherwise returns [`None`].
-fn extract_generic_args(expected_ty_name: &'static str, ty: &Type) -> Option<Vec<GenericArgument>> {
-    let Type::Path(TypePath { qself: None, path, .. }) = ty else {
-        return None;
-    };
-
-    let segments = &path.segments;
-    if segments.len() != 1 {
-        return None;
-    };
-
-    let segment = segments.iter().next().unwrap();
-    if segment.ident != expected_ty_name {
-        return None;
-    }
-
-    let PathArguments::AngleBracketed(path_args) = &segment.arguments else {
-        return Some(Vec::new());
-    };
-    let args = &path_args.args;
-
-    Some(args.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>())
-}
-
-/// Maps a `path` matching one of the `target_idents` into the `replacement` [`Ident`].
-fn map_path_to_ident(path: &Path, target_idents: &[&str], replacement: &str) -> Option<Ident> {
-    path.require_ident()
-        .ok()
-        .filter(|ident| target_idents.iter().any(|target| ident == target))
-        .map(|ident| Ident::new(replacement, ident.span()))
-}
-
-/// Extracts the left-hand side of a dot-expression.
-fn extract_dot_operand(expr: &Expr) -> Option<&Expr> {
-    match expr {
-        Expr::MethodCall(ExprMethodCall { receiver: operand, .. })
-        | Expr::Field(ExprField { base: operand, .. }) => Some(operand),
-        _ => None,
-    }
-}
-
-/// Replaces the top-level receiver of a dot-expression with an [`Ident`], returning `Some(&mut expr)` if the
-/// replacement is performed.
-///
-/// The top-level receiver is the left-most receiver expression, e.g. the top-level receiver of `a.b.c.foo()` is `a`.
-fn replace_top_level_receiver(expr: &mut Expr, ident: Ident) -> Option<&mut Expr> {
-    if let Expr::MethodCall(ExprMethodCall { receiver: operand, .. })
-    | Expr::Field(ExprField { base: operand, .. }) = expr
-    {
-        return if extract_dot_operand(operand).is_some() {
-            if replace_top_level_receiver(operand, ident).is_some() {
-                Some(expr)
-            } else {
-                None
-            }
-        } else {
-            *operand = Box::new(Expr::Path(ExprPath {
-                attrs: Vec::default(),
-                qself: None,
-                path: ident.into(),
-            }));
-
-            Some(expr)
-        };
-    }
-
-    None
-}
-
-/// Iterates all operands to the left-hand side of the `.` of an [expression][`Expr`], i.e. the container operand of all
-/// [`Expr::Field`] and the receiver operand of all [`Expr::MethodCall`].
-///
-/// The iterator will return the operand expressions in reverse order of appearance. For example, `a.b.c.func()` will
-/// return `vec![c, b, a]`.
-fn iter_dot_operands(expr: &Expr) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Expr> {
-    let mut o = extract_dot_operand(expr);
-
-    std::iter::from_fn(move || {
-        let this = o;
-        o = o.as_ref().and_then(|o| extract_dot_operand(o));
-
-        this
-    })
-}
-
-/// Normalizes a value expression for use when creating an instance of this structure, returning a
-/// [`proc_macro2::TokenStream`] of tokens representing the normalized expression.
-fn normalize_value_expr(expr: &Expr) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream {
-    match &expr {
-        Expr::Path(ExprPath { qself: None, path, .. }) => {
-            if let Some(ident) = map_path_to_ident(path, &["usize", "size_t"], "llvm_usize") {
-                quote! { #ident }
-            } else {
-                abort!(
-                    path,
-                    format!(
-                        "Expected one of `size_t`, `usize`, or an implicit call expression in #[value_type(...)], found {}", 
-                        quote!(#expr).to_string(),
-                    )
-                )
-            }
-        }
-
-        Expr::Call(_) => {
-            quote! { ctx.#expr }
-        }
-
-        Expr::MethodCall(_) => {
-            let base_receiver = iter_dot_operands(expr).last();
-
-            match base_receiver {
-                // `usize.{...}`, `size_t.{...}` -> Rewrite the identifiers to `llvm_usize`
-                Some(Expr::Path(ExprPath { qself: None, path, .. }))
-                    if map_path_to_ident(path, &["usize", "size_t"], "llvm_usize").is_some() =>
-                {
-                    let ident =
-                        map_path_to_ident(path, &["usize", "size_t"], "llvm_usize").unwrap();
-
-                    let mut expr = expr.clone();
-                    let expr = replace_top_level_receiver(&mut expr, ident).unwrap();
-
-                    quote!(#expr)
-                }
-
-                // `ctx.{...}`, `context.{...}` -> Rewrite the identifiers to `ctx`
-                Some(Expr::Path(ExprPath { qself: None, path, .. }))
-                    if map_path_to_ident(path, &["ctx", "context"], "ctx").is_some() =>
-                {
-                    let ident = map_path_to_ident(path, &["ctx", "context"], "ctx").unwrap();
-
-                    let mut expr = expr.clone();
-                    let expr = replace_top_level_receiver(&mut expr, ident).unwrap();
-
-                    quote!(#expr)
-                }
-
-                // No reserved identifier prefix -> Prepend `ctx.` to the entire expression
-                _ => quote! { ctx.#expr },
-            }
-        }
-
-        _ => {
-            abort!(
-                expr,
-                format!(
-                    "Expected one of `size_t`, `usize`, or an implicit call expression in #[value_type(...)], found {}", 
-                    quote!(#expr).to_string(),
-                )
-            )
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Derives an implementation of `codegen::types::structure::StructFields`.
-///
-/// The benefit of using `#[derive(StructFields)]` is that all index- or order-dependent logic required by
-/// `impl StructFields` is automatically generated by this implementation, including the field index as required by
-/// `StructField::new` and the fields as returned by `StructFields::to_vec`.
-///
-/// # Prerequisites
-///
-/// In order to derive from [`StructFields`], you must implement (or derive) [`Eq`] and [`Copy`] as required by
-/// `StructFields`.
-///
-/// Moreover, `#[derive(StructFields)]` can only be used for `struct`s with named fields, and may only contain fields
-/// with either `StructField` or [`PhantomData`] types.
-///
-/// # Attributes for [`StructFields`]
-///
-/// Each `StructField` field must be declared with the `#[value_type(...)]` attribute. The argument of `value_type`
-/// accepts one of the following:
-///
-/// - An expression returning an instance of `inkwell::types::BasicType` (with or without the receiver `ctx`/`context`).
-/// For example, `context.i8_type()`, `ctx.i8_type()`, and `i8_type()` all refer to `i8`.
-/// - The reserved identifiers `usize` and `size_t` referring to an `inkwell::types::IntType` of the platform-dependent
-/// integer size. `usize` and `size_t` can also be used as the receiver to other method calls, e.g.
-/// `usize.array_type(3)`.
-///
-/// # Example
-///
-/// The following is an example of an LLVM slice implemented using `#[derive(StructFields)]`.
-///
-/// ```rust,ignore
-/// use nac3core::{
-///     codegen::types::structure::StructField,
-///     inkwell::{
-///         values::{IntValue, PointerValue},
-///         AddressSpace,
-///     },
-/// };
-/// use nac3core_derive::StructFields;
-///
-/// // All classes that implement StructFields must also implement Eq and Copy
-/// #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, StructFields)]
-/// pub struct SliceValue<'ctx> {
-///     // Declares ptr have a value type of i8*
-///     //
-///     // Can also be written as `ctx.i8_type().ptr_type(...)` or `context.i8_type().ptr_type(...)`
-///     #[value_type(i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-///     ptr: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-///
-///     // Declares len have a value type of usize, depending on the target compilation platform
-///     #[value_type(usize)]
-///     len: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-/// }
-/// ```
-#[proc_macro_derive(StructFields, attributes(value_type))]
-#[proc_macro_error]
-pub fn derive(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
-    let input = parse_macro_input!(input as syn::DeriveInput);
-    let ident = &input.ident;
-
-    let Data::Struct(DataStruct { fields, .. }) = &input.data else {
-        abort!(input, "Only structs with named fields are supported");
-    };
-    if let Err(err_span) =
-        fields
-            .iter()
-            .try_for_each(|field| if field.ident.is_some() { Ok(()) } else { Err(field.span()) })
-    {
-        abort!(err_span, "Only structs with named fields are supported");
-    };
-
-    // Check if struct<'ctx>
-    if input.generics.params.len() != 1 {
-        abort!(input.generics, "Expected exactly 1 generic parameter")
-    }
-
-    let phantom_info = fields
-        .iter()
-        .filter(|field| extract_generic_args("PhantomData", &field.ty).is_some())
-        .map(|field| field.ident.as_ref().unwrap())
-        .cloned()
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-    let field_info = fields
-        .iter()
-        .filter(|field| extract_generic_args("PhantomData", &field.ty).is_none())
-        .map(|field| {
-            let ident = field.ident.as_ref().unwrap();
-            let ty = &field.ty;
-
-            let Some(_) = extract_generic_args("StructField", ty) else {
-                abort!(field, "Only StructField and PhantomData are allowed")
-            };
-
-            let attrs = &field.attrs;
-            let Some(value_type_attr) =
-                attrs.iter().find(|attr| attr.path().is_ident("value_type"))
-            else {
-                abort!(field, "Expected #[value_type(...)] attribute for field");
-            };
-
-            let Ok(value_type_expr) = value_type_attr.parse_args::<Expr>() else {
-                abort!(value_type_attr, "Expected expression in #[value_type(...)]");
-            };
-
-            let value_expr_toks = normalize_value_expr(&value_type_expr);
-
-            (ident.clone(), value_expr_toks)
-        })
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-    // `<*>::new` impl of `StructField` and `PhantomData` for `StructFields::new`
-    let phantoms_create = phantom_info
-        .iter()
-        .map(|id| quote! { #id: ::std::marker::PhantomData })
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-    let fields_create = field_info
-        .iter()
-        .map(|(id, ty)| {
-            let id_lit = LitStr::new(&id.to_string(), id.span());
-            quote! {
-                #id: ::nac3core::codegen::types::structure::StructField::create(
-                    &mut counter,
-                    #id_lit,
-                    #ty,
-                )
-            }
-        })
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-    // `.into()` impl of `StructField` for `StructFields::to_vec`
-    let fields_into =
-        field_info.iter().map(|(id, _)| quote! { self.#id.into() }).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-    let impl_block = quote! {
-        impl<'ctx> ::nac3core::codegen::types::structure::StructFields<'ctx> for #ident<'ctx> {
-            fn new(ctx: impl ::nac3core::inkwell::context::AsContextRef<'ctx>, llvm_usize: ::nac3core::inkwell::types::IntType<'ctx>) -> Self {
-                let ctx = unsafe { ::nac3core::inkwell::context::ContextRef::new(ctx.as_ctx_ref()) };
-
-                let mut counter = ::nac3core::codegen::types::structure::FieldIndexCounter::default();
-
-                #ident {
-                    #(#fields_create),*
-                    #(#phantoms_create),*
-                }
-            }
-
-            fn to_vec(&self) -> ::std::vec::Vec<(&'static str, ::nac3core::inkwell::types::BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>)> {
-                vec![
-                    #(#fields_into),*
-                ]
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    impl_block.into()
-}

nac3core/nac3core_derive/tests/structfields_empty.rs

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-use nac3core_derive::StructFields;
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, StructFields)]
-pub struct EmptyValue<'ctx> {
-    _phantom: PhantomData<&'ctx ()>,
-}
-
-fn main() {}

nac3core/nac3core_derive/tests/structfields_ndarray.rs

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-use nac3core::{
-    codegen::types::structure::StructField,
-    inkwell::{
-        values::{IntValue, PointerValue},
-        AddressSpace,
-    },
-};
-use nac3core_derive::StructFields;
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, StructFields)]
-pub struct NDArrayValue<'ctx> {
-    #[value_type(usize)]
-    ndims: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-    shape: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-    data: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-}
-
-fn main() {}

nac3core/nac3core_derive/tests/structfields_slice.rs

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-use nac3core::{
-    codegen::types::structure::StructField,
-    inkwell::{
-        values::{IntValue, PointerValue},
-        AddressSpace,
-    },
-};
-use nac3core_derive::StructFields;
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, StructFields)]
-pub struct SliceValue<'ctx> {
-    #[value_type(i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-    ptr: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(usize)]
-    len: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-}
-
-fn main() {}

nac3core/nac3core_derive/tests/structfields_slice_context.rs

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-use nac3core::{
-    codegen::types::structure::StructField,
-    inkwell::{
-        values::{IntValue, PointerValue},
-        AddressSpace,
-    },
-};
-use nac3core_derive::StructFields;
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, StructFields)]
-pub struct SliceValue<'ctx> {
-    #[value_type(context.i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-    ptr: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(usize)]
-    len: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-}
-
-fn main() {}

nac3core/nac3core_derive/tests/structfields_slice_ctx.rs

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-use nac3core::{
-    codegen::types::structure::StructField,
-    inkwell::{
-        values::{IntValue, PointerValue},
-        AddressSpace,
-    },
-};
-use nac3core_derive::StructFields;
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, StructFields)]
-pub struct SliceValue<'ctx> {
-    #[value_type(ctx.i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-    ptr: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(usize)]
-    len: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-}
-
-fn main() {}

nac3core/nac3core_derive/tests/structfields_slice_sizet.rs

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-use nac3core::{
-    codegen::types::structure::StructField,
-    inkwell::{
-        values::{IntValue, PointerValue},
-        AddressSpace,
-    },
-};
-use nac3core_derive::StructFields;
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, StructFields)]
-pub struct SliceValue<'ctx> {
-    #[value_type(i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-    ptr: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(size_t)]
-    len: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-}
-
-fn main() {}

nac3core/nac3core_derive/tests/structfields_test.rs

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#[test]
-fn test_parse_empty() {
-    let t = trybuild::TestCases::new();
-    t.pass("tests/structfields_empty.rs");
-    t.pass("tests/structfields_slice.rs");
-    t.pass("tests/structfields_slice_ctx.rs");
-    t.pass("tests/structfields_slice_context.rs");
-    t.pass("tests/structfields_slice_sizet.rs");
-    t.pass("tests/structfields_ndarray.rs");
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/concrete_type.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,3 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-use indexmap::IndexMap;
-
-use nac3parser::ast::StrRef;
-
 use crate::{
     symbol_resolver::SymbolValue,
     toplevel::DefinitionId,
@@ -15,6 +9,10 @@ use crate::{
     },
 };
 
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
+use nac3parser::ast::StrRef;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 pub struct ConcreteTypeStore {
     store: Vec<ConcreteTypeEnum>,
 }

nac3core/src/codegen/expr.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,9 @@
-use std::{
-    cmp::min,
-    collections::HashMap,
-    convert::TryInto,
-    iter::{once, repeat, repeat_with, zip},
-};
-
-use inkwell::{
-    attributes::{Attribute, AttributeLoc},
-    types::{AnyType, BasicType, BasicTypeEnum},
-    values::{BasicValueEnum, CallSiteValue, FunctionValue, IntValue, PointerValue, StructValue},
-    AddressSpace, IntPredicate, OptimizationLevel,
-};
-use itertools::{chain, izip, Either, Itertools};
-
-use nac3parser::ast::{
-    self, Boolop, Cmpop, Comprehension, Constant, Expr, ExprKind, Location, Operator, StrRef,
-    Unaryop,
-};
-
-use super::{
+use crate::{
+    codegen::{
+        classes::{
+            ArrayLikeIndexer, ArrayLikeValue, ListType, ListValue, NDArrayValue, ProxyType,
+            ProxyValue, RangeValue, TypedArrayLikeAccessor, UntypedArrayLikeAccessor,
+        },
         concrete_type::{ConcreteFuncArg, ConcreteTypeEnum, ConcreteTypeStore},
         gen_in_range_check, get_llvm_abi_type, get_llvm_type, get_va_count_arg_name,
         irrt::*,
@@ -32,19 +17,12 @@ use super::{
             gen_for_callback_incrementing, gen_if_callback, gen_if_else_expr_callback, gen_raise,
             gen_var,
         },
-    types::{ndarray::NDArrayType, ListType},
-    values::{
-        ndarray::{NDArrayValue, RustNDIndex},
-        ArrayLikeIndexer, ArrayLikeValue, ListValue, ProxyValue, RangeValue,
-        TypedArrayLikeAccessor, UntypedArrayLikeAccessor,
-    },
         CodeGenContext, CodeGenTask, CodeGenerator,
-};
-use crate::{
+    },
     symbol_resolver::{SymbolValue, ValueEnum},
     toplevel::{
-        helper::{extract_ndims, PrimDef},
-        numpy::unpack_ndarray_var_tys,
+        helper::PrimDef,
+        numpy::{make_ndarray_ty, unpack_ndarray_var_tys},
         DefinitionId, TopLevelDef,
     },
     typecheck::{
@@ -52,6 +30,20 @@ use crate::{
         typedef::{FunSignature, FuncArg, Type, TypeEnum, TypeVarId, Unifier, VarMap},
     },
 };
+use inkwell::{
+    attributes::{Attribute, AttributeLoc},
+    types::{AnyType, BasicType, BasicTypeEnum},
+    values::{BasicValueEnum, CallSiteValue, FunctionValue, IntValue, PointerValue, StructValue},
+    AddressSpace, IntPredicate, OptimizationLevel,
+};
+use itertools::{chain, izip, Either, Itertools};
+use nac3parser::ast::{
+    self, Boolop, Cmpop, Comprehension, Constant, Expr, ExprKind, Location, Operator, StrRef,
+    Unaryop,
+};
+use std::cmp::min;
+use std::iter::{repeat, repeat_with};
+use std::{collections::HashMap, convert::TryInto, iter::once, iter::zip};
 
 pub fn get_subst_key(
     unifier: &mut Unifier,
@@ -559,7 +551,7 @@ impl<'ctx, 'a> CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a> {
                             && val_ty.get_element_type().is_struct_type()
                     } =>
                 {
-                    self.builder.build_bit_cast(*val, arg_ty, "call_arg_cast").unwrap()
+                    self.builder.build_bitcast(*val, arg_ty, "call_arg_cast").unwrap()
                 }
                 _ => *val,
             })
@@ -979,8 +971,6 @@ pub fn gen_call<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
             TopLevelDef::Class { .. } => {
                 return Ok(Some(generator.gen_constructor(ctx, fun.0, &def, params)?))
             }
-            TopLevelDef::Variable { .. } => unreachable!(),
-            TopLevelDef::Module { .. } => unreachable!(), // TODO: Throw error here
         }
     }
     .or_else(|_: String| {
@@ -1114,7 +1104,7 @@ pub fn allocate_list<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 
     // List structure; type { ty*, size_t }
     let arr_ty = ListType::new(generator, ctx.ctx, llvm_elem_ty);
-    let list = arr_ty.alloca(generator, ctx, name);
+    let list = arr_ty.new_value(generator, ctx, name);
 
     let length = ctx.builder.build_int_z_extend(length, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
     list.store_size(ctx, generator, length);
@@ -1170,8 +1160,7 @@ pub fn gen_comprehension<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
         TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, .. }
             if *obj_id == ctx.primitives.range.obj_id(&ctx.unifier).unwrap() =>
         {
-            let iter_val =
-                RangeValue::from_pointer_value(iter_val.into_pointer_value(), Some("range"));
+            let iter_val = RangeValue::from_ptr_val(iter_val.into_pointer_value(), Some("range"));
             let (start, stop, step) = destructure_range(ctx, iter_val);
             let diff = ctx.builder.build_int_sub(stop, start, "diff").unwrap();
             // add 1 to the length as the value is rounded to zero
@@ -1402,10 +1391,8 @@ pub fn gen_binop_expr_with_values<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                 let llvm_elem_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty1);
                 let sizeof_elem = llvm_elem_ty.size_of().unwrap();
 
-                let lhs =
-                    ListValue::from_pointer_value(left_val.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
-                let rhs =
-                    ListValue::from_pointer_value(right_val.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
+                let lhs = ListValue::from_ptr_val(left_val.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
+                let rhs = ListValue::from_ptr_val(right_val.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
 
                 let size = ctx
                     .builder
@@ -1488,7 +1475,7 @@ pub fn gen_binop_expr_with_values<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                         codegen_unreachable!(ctx)
                     };
                 let list_val =
-                    ListValue::from_pointer_value(list_val.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
+                    ListValue::from_ptr_val(list_val.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
                 let int_val = ctx
                     .builder
                     .build_int_s_extend(int_val.into_int_value(), llvm_usize, "")
@@ -1555,6 +1542,8 @@ pub fn gen_binop_expr_with_values<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
     } else if ty1.obj_id(&ctx.unifier).is_some_and(|id| id == PrimDef::NDArray.id())
         || ty2.obj_id(&ctx.unifier).is_some_and(|id| id == PrimDef::NDArray.id())
     {
+        let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+
         let is_ndarray1 = ty1.obj_id(&ctx.unifier).is_some_and(|id| id == PrimDef::NDArray.id());
         let is_ndarray2 = ty2.obj_id(&ctx.unifier).is_some_and(|id| id == PrimDef::NDArray.id());
 
@@ -1564,10 +1553,10 @@ pub fn gen_binop_expr_with_values<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
 
             assert!(ctx.unifier.unioned(ndarray_dtype1, ndarray_dtype2));
 
-            let left_val = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, ty1)
-                .map_value(left_val.into_pointer_value(), None);
-            let right_val = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, ty2)
-                .map_value(right_val.into_pointer_value(), None);
+            let left_val =
+                NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(left_val.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
+            let right_val =
+                NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(right_val.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
 
             let res = if op.base == Operator::MatMult {
                 // MatMult is the only binop which is not an elementwise op
@@ -1591,8 +1580,8 @@ pub fn gen_binop_expr_with_values<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                         BinopVariant::Normal => None,
                         BinopVariant::AugAssign => Some(left_val),
                     },
-                    (ty1, left_val.as_base_value().into(), false),
-                    (ty2, right_val.as_base_value().into(), false),
+                    (left_val.as_base_value().into(), false),
+                    (right_val.as_base_value().into(), false),
                     |generator, ctx, (lhs, rhs)| {
                         gen_binop_expr_with_values(
                             generator,
@@ -1616,10 +1605,9 @@ pub fn gen_binop_expr_with_values<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
         } else {
             let (ndarray_dtype, _) =
                 unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, if is_ndarray1 { ty1 } else { ty2 });
-            let ndarray_val =
-                NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, if is_ndarray1 { ty1 } else { ty2 })
-                    .map_value(
+            let ndarray_val = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(
                 if is_ndarray1 { left_val } else { right_val }.into_pointer_value(),
+                llvm_usize,
                 None,
             );
             let res = numpy::ndarray_elementwise_binop_impl(
@@ -1630,8 +1618,8 @@ pub fn gen_binop_expr_with_values<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                     BinopVariant::Normal => None,
                     BinopVariant::AugAssign => Some(ndarray_val),
                 },
-                (ty1, left_val, !is_ndarray1),
-                (ty2, right_val, !is_ndarray2),
+                (left_val, !is_ndarray1),
+                (right_val, !is_ndarray2),
                 |generator, ctx, (lhs, rhs)| {
                     gen_binop_expr_with_values(
                         generator,
@@ -1782,12 +1770,7 @@ pub fn gen_unaryop_expr_with_values<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
             ast::Unaryop::Invert => ctx.builder.build_not(val, "not").map(Into::into).unwrap(),
             ast::Unaryop::Not => ctx
                 .builder
-                .build_int_compare(
-                    inkwell::IntPredicate::EQ,
-                    val,
-                    val.get_type().const_zero(),
-                    "not",
-                )
+                .build_xor(val, val.get_type().const_all_ones(), "not")
                 .map(Into::into)
                 .unwrap(),
             ast::Unaryop::UAdd => val.into(),
@@ -1809,10 +1792,10 @@ pub fn gen_unaryop_expr_with_values<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
             _ => val.into(),
         }
     } else if ty.obj_id(&ctx.unifier).is_some_and(|id| id == PrimDef::NDArray.id()) {
-        let llvm_ndarray_ty = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, ty);
+        let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
         let (ndarray_dtype, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, ty);
 
-        let val = llvm_ndarray_ty.map_value(val.into_pointer_value(), None);
+        let val = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(val.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
 
         // ndarray uses `~` rather than `not` to perform elementwise inversion, convert it before
         // passing it to the elementwise codegen function
@@ -1886,6 +1869,8 @@ pub fn gen_cmpop_expr_with_values<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
         if left_ty.obj_id(&ctx.unifier).is_some_and(|id| id == PrimDef::NDArray.id())
             || right_ty.obj_id(&ctx.unifier).is_some_and(|id| id == PrimDef::NDArray.id())
         {
+            let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+
             let (Some(left_ty), lhs) = left else { codegen_unreachable!(ctx) };
             let (Some(right_ty), rhs) = comparators[0] else { codegen_unreachable!(ctx) };
             let op = ops[0];
@@ -1901,15 +1886,15 @@ pub fn gen_cmpop_expr_with_values<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
 
                 assert!(ctx.unifier.unioned(ndarray_dtype1, ndarray_dtype2));
 
-                let left_val = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, left_ty)
-                    .map_value(lhs.into_pointer_value(), None);
+                let left_val =
+                    NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(lhs.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
                 let res = numpy::ndarray_elementwise_binop_impl(
                     generator,
                     ctx,
                     ctx.primitives.bool,
                     None,
-                    (left_ty, left_val.as_base_value().into(), false),
-                    (right_ty, rhs, false),
+                    (left_val.as_base_value().into(), false),
+                    (rhs, false),
                     |generator, ctx, (lhs, rhs)| {
                         let val = gen_cmpop_expr_with_values(
                             generator,
@@ -1940,8 +1925,8 @@ pub fn gen_cmpop_expr_with_values<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                     ctx,
                     ctx.primitives.bool,
                     None,
-                    (left_ty, lhs, !is_ndarray1),
-                    (right_ty, rhs, !is_ndarray2),
+                    (lhs, !is_ndarray1),
+                    (rhs, !is_ndarray2),
                     |generator, ctx, (lhs, rhs)| {
                         let val = gen_cmpop_expr_with_values(
                             generator,
@@ -2204,9 +2189,9 @@ pub fn gen_cmpop_expr_with_values<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                     }
 
                     let left_val =
-                        ListValue::from_pointer_value(lhs.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
+                        ListValue::from_ptr_val(lhs.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
                     let right_val =
-                        ListValue::from_pointer_value(rhs.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
+                        ListValue::from_ptr_val(rhs.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
 
                     Ok(gen_if_else_expr_callback(
                         generator,
@@ -2523,7 +2508,7 @@ fn gen_ndarray_subscript_expr<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
     generator: &mut G,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
     ty: Type,
-    ndims_ty: Type,
+    ndims: Type,
     v: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
     slice: &Expr<Option<Type>>,
 ) -> Result<Option<ValueEnum<'ctx>>, String> {
@@ -2531,7 +2516,7 @@ fn gen_ndarray_subscript_expr<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
     let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
     let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
 
-    let TypeEnum::TLiteral { values, .. } = &*ctx.unifier.get_ty_immutable(ndims_ty) else {
+    let TypeEnum::TLiteral { values, .. } = &*ctx.unifier.get_ty_immutable(ndims) else {
         codegen_unreachable!(ctx)
     };
 
@@ -2564,6 +2549,14 @@ fn gen_ndarray_subscript_expr<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
         _ => 1,
     };
 
+    let ndarray_ndims_ty = ctx.unifier.get_fresh_literal(
+        ndims.iter().map(|v| SymbolValue::U64(v - subscripted_dims)).collect(),
+        None,
+    );
+    let ndarray_ty =
+        make_ndarray_ty(&mut ctx.unifier, &ctx.primitives, Some(ty), Some(ndarray_ndims_ty));
+    let llvm_pndarray_t = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, ndarray_ty).into_pointer_type();
+    let llvm_ndarray_t = llvm_pndarray_t.get_element_type().into_struct_type();
     let llvm_ndarray_data_t = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, ty).as_basic_type_enum();
     let sizeof_elem = llvm_ndarray_data_t.size_of().unwrap();
 
@@ -2597,7 +2590,7 @@ fn gen_ndarray_subscript_expr<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                 let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
 
                 let len = unsafe {
-                    v.shape().get_typed_unchecked(
+                    v.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(
                         ctx,
                         generator,
                         &llvm_usize.const_int(dim, true),
@@ -2638,7 +2631,7 @@ fn gen_ndarray_subscript_expr<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
 
             ExprKind::Slice { lower, upper, step } => {
                 let dim_sz = unsafe {
-                    v.shape().get_typed_unchecked(
+                    v.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(
                         ctx,
                         generator,
                         &llvm_usize.const_int(dim, false),
@@ -2755,15 +2748,26 @@ fn gen_ndarray_subscript_expr<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
 
             _ => {
                 // Accessing an element from a multi-dimensional `ndarray`
-                let Some(index_addr) = make_indices_arr(generator, ctx)? else { return Ok(None) };
 
-                let num_dims = extract_ndims(&ctx.unifier, ndims_ty) - 1;
+                let Some(index_addr) = make_indices_arr(generator, ctx)? else { return Ok(None) };
 
                 // Create a new array, remove the top dimension from the dimension-size-list, and copy the
                 // elements over
-                let ndarray =
-                    NDArrayType::new(generator, ctx.ctx, llvm_ndarray_data_t, Some(num_dims))
-                        .construct_uninitialized(generator, ctx, None);
+                let subscripted_ndarray =
+                    generator.gen_var_alloc(ctx, llvm_ndarray_t.into(), None)?;
+                let ndarray = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(subscripted_ndarray, llvm_usize, None);
+
+                let num_dims = v.load_ndims(ctx);
+                ndarray.store_ndims(
+                    ctx,
+                    generator,
+                    ctx.builder
+                        .build_int_sub(num_dims, llvm_usize.const_int(1, false), "")
+                        .unwrap(),
+                );
+
+                let ndarray_num_dims = ndarray.load_ndims(ctx);
+                ndarray.create_dim_sizes(ctx, llvm_usize, ndarray_num_dims);
 
                 let ndarray_num_dims = ctx
                     .builder
@@ -2774,7 +2778,7 @@ fn gen_ndarray_subscript_expr<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                     )
                     .unwrap();
                 let v_dims_src_ptr = unsafe {
-                    v.shape().ptr_offset_unchecked(
+                    v.dim_sizes().ptr_offset_unchecked(
                         ctx,
                         generator,
                         &llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
@@ -2783,7 +2787,7 @@ fn gen_ndarray_subscript_expr<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                 };
                 call_memcpy_generic(
                     ctx,
-                    ndarray.shape().base_ptr(ctx, generator),
+                    ndarray.dim_sizes().base_ptr(ctx, generator),
                     v_dims_src_ptr,
                     ctx.builder
                         .build_int_mul(ndarray_num_dims, llvm_usize.size_of(), "")
@@ -2792,17 +2796,17 @@ fn gen_ndarray_subscript_expr<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                     llvm_i1.const_zero(),
                 );
 
-                let ndarray_num_elems = ndarray::call_ndarray_calc_size(
+                let ndarray_num_elems = call_ndarray_calc_size(
                     generator,
                     ctx,
-                    &ndarray.shape().as_slice_value(ctx, generator),
+                    &ndarray.dim_sizes().as_slice_value(ctx, generator),
                     (None, None),
                 );
                 let ndarray_num_elems = ctx
                     .builder
                     .build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(ndarray_num_elems, sizeof_elem.get_type(), "")
                     .unwrap();
-                unsafe { ndarray.create_data(generator, ctx) };
+                ndarray.create_data(ctx, llvm_ndarray_data_t, ndarray_num_elems);
 
                 let v_data_src_ptr = v.data().ptr_offset(ctx, generator, &index_addr, None);
                 call_memcpy_generic(
@@ -2875,31 +2879,7 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
             Some((_, Some(static_value), _)) => ValueEnum::Static(static_value.clone()),
             None => {
                 let resolver = ctx.resolver.clone();
-                let value = resolver.get_symbol_value(*id, ctx, generator).unwrap();
-
-                let globals = ctx
-                    .top_level
-                    .definitions
-                    .read()
-                    .iter()
-                    .filter_map(|def| {
-                        if let TopLevelDef::Variable { simple_name, ty, .. } = &*def.read() {
-                            Some((*simple_name, *ty))
-                        } else {
-                            None
-                        }
-                    })
-                    .collect_vec();
-
-                if let Some((_, ty)) = globals.iter().find(|(name, _)| name == id) {
-                    let ptr = value
-                        .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, *ty)
-                        .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)?;
-
-                    ctx.builder.build_load(ptr, id.to_string().as_str()).map(Into::into).unwrap()
-                } else {
-                    value
-                }
+                resolver.get_symbol_value(*id, ctx).unwrap()
             }
         },
         ExprKind::List { elts, .. } => {
@@ -3092,53 +3072,48 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
             };
             let left = generator.bool_to_i1(ctx, left);
             let current = ctx.builder.get_insert_block().unwrap().get_parent().unwrap();
-            let a_begin_bb = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "a_begin");
-            let a_end_bb = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "a_end");
-            let b_begin_bb = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "b_begin");
-            let b_end_bb = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "b_end");
+            let a_bb = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "a");
+            let b_bb = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "b");
             let cont_bb = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "cont");
-            ctx.builder.build_conditional_branch(left, a_begin_bb, b_begin_bb).unwrap();
-
-            ctx.builder.position_at_end(a_end_bb);
-            ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(cont_bb).unwrap();
-            ctx.builder.position_at_end(b_end_bb);
-            ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(cont_bb).unwrap();
+            ctx.builder.build_conditional_branch(left, a_bb, b_bb).unwrap();
             let (a, b) = match op {
                 Boolop::Or => {
-                    ctx.builder.position_at_end(a_begin_bb);
+                    ctx.builder.position_at_end(a_bb);
                     let a = ctx.ctx.i8_type().const_int(1, false);
-                    ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(a_end_bb).unwrap();
+                    ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(cont_bb).unwrap();
 
-                    ctx.builder.position_at_end(b_begin_bb);
+                    ctx.builder.position_at_end(b_bb);
                     let b = if let Some(v) = generator.gen_expr(ctx, &values[1])? {
                         let b = v
                             .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, values[1].custom.unwrap())?
                             .into_int_value();
                         let b = generator.bool_to_i8(ctx, b);
+                        ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(cont_bb).unwrap();
+
                         Some(b)
                     } else {
                         None
                     };
-                    ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(b_end_bb).unwrap();
 
                     (Some(a), b)
                 }
                 Boolop::And => {
-                    ctx.builder.position_at_end(a_begin_bb);
+                    ctx.builder.position_at_end(a_bb);
                     let a = if let Some(v) = generator.gen_expr(ctx, &values[1])? {
                         let a = v
                             .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, values[1].custom.unwrap())?
                             .into_int_value();
                         let a = generator.bool_to_i8(ctx, a);
+                        ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(cont_bb).unwrap();
+
                         Some(a)
                     } else {
                         None
                     };
-                    ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(a_end_bb).unwrap();
 
-                    ctx.builder.position_at_end(b_begin_bb);
+                    ctx.builder.position_at_end(b_bb);
                     let b = ctx.ctx.i8_type().const_zero();
-                    ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(b_end_bb).unwrap();
+                    ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(cont_bb).unwrap();
 
                     (a, Some(b))
                 }
@@ -3148,7 +3123,7 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
             match (a, b) {
                 (Some(a), Some(b)) => {
                     let phi = ctx.builder.build_phi(ctx.ctx.i8_type(), "").unwrap();
-                    phi.add_incoming(&[(&a, a_end_bb), (&b, b_end_bb)]);
+                    phi.add_incoming(&[(&a, a_bb), (&b, b_bb)]);
                     phi.as_basic_value().into()
                 }
                 (Some(a), None) => a.into(),
@@ -3386,7 +3361,7 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                     } else {
                         return Ok(None);
                     };
-                    let v = ListValue::from_pointer_value(v, usize, Some("arr"));
+                    let v = ListValue::from_ptr_val(v, usize, Some("arr"));
                     let ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, *ty);
                     if let ExprKind::Slice { lower, upper, step } = &slice.node {
                         let one = int32.const_int(1, false);
@@ -3487,22 +3462,18 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                         v.data().get(ctx, generator, &index, None).into()
                     }
                 }
-                TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, .. } if *obj_id == PrimDef::NDArray.id() => {
-                    let Some(ndarray) = generator.gen_expr(ctx, value)? else {
+                TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, params, .. } if *obj_id == PrimDef::NDArray.id() => {
+                    let (ty, ndims) = params.iter().map(|(_, ty)| ty).collect_tuple().unwrap();
+
+                    let v = if let Some(v) = generator.gen_expr(ctx, value)? {
+                        v.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, value.custom.unwrap())?
+                            .into_pointer_value()
+                    } else {
                         return Ok(None);
                     };
+                    let v = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(v, usize, None);
 
-                    let ndarray_ty = value.custom.unwrap();
-                    let ndarray = ndarray.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ndarray_ty)?;
-                    let ndarray = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, ndarray_ty)
-                        .map_value(ndarray.into_pointer_value(), None);
-
-                    let indices = RustNDIndex::from_subscript_expr(generator, ctx, slice)?;
-                    let result = ndarray
-                        .index(generator, ctx, &indices)
-                        .split_unsized(generator, ctx)
-                        .to_basic_value_enum();
-                    return Ok(Some(ValueEnum::Dynamic(result)));
+                    return gen_ndarray_subscript_expr(generator, ctx, *ty, *ndims, v, slice);
                 }
                 TypeEnum::TTuple { .. } => {
                     let index: u32 =
@@ -3551,97 +3522,3 @@ pub fn gen_expr<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
         _ => unimplemented!(),
     }))
 }
-
-/// Creates a function in the current module and inserts a `call` instruction into the LLVM IR.
-#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-pub fn create_fn_and_call<'ctx>(
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    fn_name: &str,
-    ret_type: Option<BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>>,
-    params: &[BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>],
-    args: &[BasicValueEnum<'ctx>],
-    is_var_args: bool,
-    call_value_name: Option<&str>,
-    configure: Option<&dyn Fn(&FunctionValue<'ctx>)>,
-) -> Option<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>> {
-    let intrinsic_fn = ctx.module.get_function(fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        let params = params.iter().copied().map(BasicTypeEnum::into).collect_vec();
-        let fn_type = if let Some(ret_type) = ret_type {
-            ret_type.fn_type(params.as_slice(), is_var_args)
-        } else {
-            ctx.ctx.void_type().fn_type(params.as_slice(), is_var_args)
-        };
-
-        ctx.module.add_function(fn_name, fn_type, None)
-    });
-
-    if let Some(configure) = configure {
-        configure(&intrinsic_fn);
-    }
-
-    let args = args.iter().copied().map(BasicValueEnum::into).collect_vec();
-    ctx.builder
-        .build_call(intrinsic_fn, args.as_slice(), call_value_name.unwrap_or_default())
-        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
-        .map(Either::left)
-        .unwrap()
-}
-
-/// Creates a function in the current module and inserts a `call` instruction into the LLVM IR.
-///
-/// This is a wrapper around [`create_fn_and_call`] for non-vararg function. This function allows
-/// parameters and arguments to be specified as tuples to better indicate the expected type and
-/// actual value of each parameter-argument pair of the call.
-pub fn create_and_call_function<'ctx>(
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    fn_name: &str,
-    ret_type: Option<BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>>,
-    params: &[(BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>)],
-    value_name: Option<&str>,
-    configure: Option<&dyn Fn(&FunctionValue<'ctx>)>,
-) -> Option<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>> {
-    let param_tys = params.iter().map(|(ty, _)| ty).copied().map(BasicTypeEnum::into).collect_vec();
-    let arg_values =
-        params.iter().map(|(_, value)| value).copied().map(BasicValueEnum::into).collect_vec();
-
-    create_fn_and_call(
-        ctx,
-        fn_name,
-        ret_type,
-        param_tys.as_slice(),
-        arg_values.as_slice(),
-        false,
-        value_name,
-        configure,
-    )
-}
-
-/// Creates a function in the current module and inserts a `call` instruction into the LLVM IR.
-///
-/// This is a wrapper around [`create_fn_and_call`] for non-vararg function. This function allows
-/// only arguments to be specified and performs inference for the parameter types of the function
-/// using [`BasicValueEnum::get_type`] on the arguments.
-///
-/// This function is recommended if it is known that all function arguments match the parameter
-/// types of the invoked function.
-pub fn infer_and_call_function<'ctx>(
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    fn_name: &str,
-    ret_type: Option<BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>>,
-    args: &[BasicValueEnum<'ctx>],
-    value_name: Option<&str>,
-    configure: Option<&dyn Fn(&FunctionValue<'ctx>)>,
-) -> Option<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>> {
-    let param_tys = args.iter().map(BasicValueEnum::get_type).collect_vec();
-
-    create_fn_and_call(
-        ctx,
-        fn_name,
-        ret_type,
-        param_tys.as_slice(),
-        args,
-        false,
-        value_name,
-        configure,
-    )
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/extern_fns.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    attributes::{Attribute, AttributeLoc},
-    values::{BasicValueEnum, CallSiteValue, FloatValue, IntValue},
-};
+use inkwell::attributes::{Attribute, AttributeLoc};
+use inkwell::values::{BasicValueEnum, CallSiteValue, FloatValue, IntValue};
 use itertools::Either;
 
-use super::CodeGenContext;
+use crate::codegen::CodeGenContext;
 
 /// Macro to generate extern function
 /// Both function return type and function parameter type are `FloatValue`

nac3core/src/codegen/generator.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,16 @@
+use crate::{
+    codegen::{bool_to_i1, bool_to_i8, classes::ArraySliceValue, expr::*, stmt::*, CodeGenContext},
+    symbol_resolver::ValueEnum,
+    toplevel::{DefinitionId, TopLevelDef},
+    typecheck::typedef::{FunSignature, Type},
+};
 use inkwell::{
     context::Context,
     types::{BasicTypeEnum, IntType},
     values::{BasicValueEnum, IntValue, PointerValue},
 };
-
 use nac3parser::ast::{Expr, Stmt, StrRef};
 
-use super::{bool_to_i1, bool_to_i8, expr::*, stmt::*, values::ArraySliceValue, CodeGenContext};
-use crate::{
-    symbol_resolver::ValueEnum,
-    toplevel::{DefinitionId, TopLevelDef},
-    typecheck::typedef::{FunSignature, Type},
-};
-
 pub trait CodeGenerator {
     /// Return the module name for the code generator.
     fn get_name(&self) -> &str;

nac3core/src/codegen/irrt/list.rs

@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    types::BasicTypeEnum,
-    values::{BasicValueEnum, CallSiteValue, IntValue},
-    AddressSpace, IntPredicate,
-};
-use itertools::Either;
-
-use super::calculate_len_for_slice_range;
-use crate::codegen::{
-    macros::codegen_unreachable,
-    values::{ArrayLikeValue, ListValue},
-    CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-};
-
-/// This function handles 'end' **inclusively**.
-/// Order of tuples `assign_idx` and `value_idx` is ('start', 'end', 'step').
-/// Negative index should be handled before entering this function
-pub fn list_slice_assignment<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ty: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-    dest_arr: ListValue<'ctx>,
-    dest_idx: (IntValue<'ctx>, IntValue<'ctx>, IntValue<'ctx>),
-    src_arr: ListValue<'ctx>,
-    src_idx: (IntValue<'ctx>, IntValue<'ctx>, IntValue<'ctx>),
-) {
-    let size_ty = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let int8_ptr = ctx.ctx.i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-    let int32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
-    let (fun_symbol, elem_ptr_type) = ("__nac3_list_slice_assign_var_size", int8_ptr);
-    let slice_assign_fun = {
-        let ty_vec = vec![
-            int32.into(),         // dest start idx
-            int32.into(),         // dest end idx
-            int32.into(),         // dest step
-            elem_ptr_type.into(), // dest arr ptr
-            int32.into(),         // dest arr len
-            int32.into(),         // src start idx
-            int32.into(),         // src end idx
-            int32.into(),         // src step
-            elem_ptr_type.into(), // src arr ptr
-            int32.into(),         // src arr len
-            int32.into(),         // size
-        ];
-        ctx.module.get_function(fun_symbol).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            let fn_t = int32.fn_type(ty_vec.as_slice(), false);
-            ctx.module.add_function(fun_symbol, fn_t, None)
-        })
-    };
-
-    let zero = int32.const_zero();
-    let one = int32.const_int(1, false);
-    let dest_arr_ptr = dest_arr.data().base_ptr(ctx, generator);
-    let dest_arr_ptr =
-        ctx.builder.build_pointer_cast(dest_arr_ptr, elem_ptr_type, "dest_arr_ptr_cast").unwrap();
-    let dest_len = dest_arr.load_size(ctx, Some("dest.len"));
-    let dest_len = ctx.builder.build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(dest_len, int32, "srclen32").unwrap();
-    let src_arr_ptr = src_arr.data().base_ptr(ctx, generator);
-    let src_arr_ptr =
-        ctx.builder.build_pointer_cast(src_arr_ptr, elem_ptr_type, "src_arr_ptr_cast").unwrap();
-    let src_len = src_arr.load_size(ctx, Some("src.len"));
-    let src_len = ctx.builder.build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(src_len, int32, "srclen32").unwrap();
-
-    // index in bound and positive should be done
-    // assert if dest.step == 1 then len(src) <= len(dest) else len(src) == len(dest), and
-    // throw exception if not satisfied
-    let src_end = ctx
-        .builder
-        .build_select(
-            ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::SLT, src_idx.2, zero, "is_neg").unwrap(),
-            ctx.builder.build_int_sub(src_idx.1, one, "e_min_one").unwrap(),
-            ctx.builder.build_int_add(src_idx.1, one, "e_add_one").unwrap(),
-            "final_e",
-        )
-        .map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value)
-        .unwrap();
-    let dest_end = ctx
-        .builder
-        .build_select(
-            ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::SLT, dest_idx.2, zero, "is_neg").unwrap(),
-            ctx.builder.build_int_sub(dest_idx.1, one, "e_min_one").unwrap(),
-            ctx.builder.build_int_add(dest_idx.1, one, "e_add_one").unwrap(),
-            "final_e",
-        )
-        .map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value)
-        .unwrap();
-    let src_slice_len =
-        calculate_len_for_slice_range(generator, ctx, src_idx.0, src_end, src_idx.2);
-    let dest_slice_len =
-        calculate_len_for_slice_range(generator, ctx, dest_idx.0, dest_end, dest_idx.2);
-    let src_eq_dest = ctx
-        .builder
-        .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::EQ, src_slice_len, dest_slice_len, "slice_src_eq_dest")
-        .unwrap();
-    let src_slt_dest = ctx
-        .builder
-        .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::SLT, src_slice_len, dest_slice_len, "slice_src_slt_dest")
-        .unwrap();
-    let dest_step_eq_one = ctx
-        .builder
-        .build_int_compare(
-            IntPredicate::EQ,
-            dest_idx.2,
-            dest_idx.2.get_type().const_int(1, false),
-            "slice_dest_step_eq_one",
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-    let cond_1 = ctx.builder.build_and(dest_step_eq_one, src_slt_dest, "slice_cond_1").unwrap();
-    let cond = ctx.builder.build_or(src_eq_dest, cond_1, "slice_cond").unwrap();
-    ctx.make_assert(
-        generator,
-        cond,
-        "0:ValueError",
-        "attempt to assign sequence of size {0} to slice of size {1} with step size {2}",
-        [Some(src_slice_len), Some(dest_slice_len), Some(dest_idx.2)],
-        ctx.current_loc,
-    );
-
-    let new_len = {
-        let args = vec![
-            dest_idx.0.into(),   // dest start idx
-            dest_idx.1.into(),   // dest end idx
-            dest_idx.2.into(),   // dest step
-            dest_arr_ptr.into(), // dest arr ptr
-            dest_len.into(),     // dest arr len
-            src_idx.0.into(),    // src start idx
-            src_idx.1.into(),    // src end idx
-            src_idx.2.into(),    // src step
-            src_arr_ptr.into(),  // src arr ptr
-            src_len.into(),      // src arr len
-            {
-                let s = match ty {
-                    BasicTypeEnum::FloatType(t) => t.size_of(),
-                    BasicTypeEnum::IntType(t) => t.size_of(),
-                    BasicTypeEnum::PointerType(t) => t.size_of(),
-                    BasicTypeEnum::StructType(t) => t.size_of().unwrap(),
-                    _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx),
-                };
-                ctx.builder.build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(s, int32, "size").unwrap()
-            }
-            .into(),
-        ];
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_call(slice_assign_fun, args.as_slice(), "slice_assign")
-            .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
-            .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
-            .map(Either::unwrap_left)
-            .unwrap()
-    };
-    // update length
-    let need_update =
-        ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::NE, new_len, dest_len, "need_update").unwrap();
-    let current = ctx.builder.get_insert_block().unwrap().get_parent().unwrap();
-    let update_bb = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "update");
-    let cont_bb = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "cont");
-    ctx.builder.build_conditional_branch(need_update, update_bb, cont_bb).unwrap();
-    ctx.builder.position_at_end(update_bb);
-    let new_len = ctx.builder.build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(new_len, size_ty, "new_len").unwrap();
-    dest_arr.store_size(ctx, generator, new_len);
-    ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(cont_bb).unwrap();
-    ctx.builder.position_at_end(cont_bb);
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/irrt/math.rs

@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    values::{BasicValueEnum, CallSiteValue, FloatValue, IntValue},
-    IntPredicate,
-};
-use itertools::Either;
-
-use crate::codegen::{
-    macros::codegen_unreachable,
-    {CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator},
-};
-
-// repeated squaring method adapted from GNU Scientific Library:
-// https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gsl.git/tree/sys/pow_int.c
-pub fn integer_power<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    base: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    exp: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    signed: bool,
-) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-    let symbol = match (base.get_type().get_bit_width(), exp.get_type().get_bit_width(), signed) {
-        (32, 32, true) => "__nac3_int_exp_int32_t",
-        (64, 64, true) => "__nac3_int_exp_int64_t",
-        (32, 32, false) => "__nac3_int_exp_uint32_t",
-        (64, 64, false) => "__nac3_int_exp_uint64_t",
-        _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx),
-    };
-    let base_type = base.get_type();
-    let pow_fun = ctx.module.get_function(symbol).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        let fn_type = base_type.fn_type(&[base_type.into(), base_type.into()], false);
-        ctx.module.add_function(symbol, fn_type, None)
-    });
-    // throw exception when exp < 0
-    let ge_zero = ctx
-        .builder
-        .build_int_compare(
-            IntPredicate::SGE,
-            exp,
-            exp.get_type().const_zero(),
-            "assert_int_pow_ge_0",
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-    ctx.make_assert(
-        generator,
-        ge_zero,
-        "0:ValueError",
-        "integer power must be positive or zero",
-        [None, None, None],
-        ctx.current_loc,
-    );
-    ctx.builder
-        .build_call(pow_fun, &[base.into(), exp.into()], "call_int_pow")
-        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
-        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
-        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
-        .unwrap()
-}
-
-/// Generates a call to `isinf` in IR. Returns an `i1` representing the result.
-pub fn call_isinf<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    v: FloatValue<'ctx>,
-) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-    let intrinsic_fn = ctx.module.get_function("__nac3_isinf").unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        let fn_type = ctx.ctx.i32_type().fn_type(&[ctx.ctx.f64_type().into()], false);
-        ctx.module.add_function("__nac3_isinf", fn_type, None)
-    });
-
-    let ret = ctx
-        .builder
-        .build_call(intrinsic_fn, &[v.into()], "isinf")
-        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
-        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
-        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
-        .unwrap();
-
-    generator.bool_to_i1(ctx, ret)
-}
-
-/// Generates a call to `isnan` in IR. Returns an `i1` representing the result.
-pub fn call_isnan<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    v: FloatValue<'ctx>,
-) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-    let intrinsic_fn = ctx.module.get_function("__nac3_isnan").unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        let fn_type = ctx.ctx.i32_type().fn_type(&[ctx.ctx.f64_type().into()], false);
-        ctx.module.add_function("__nac3_isnan", fn_type, None)
-    });
-
-    let ret = ctx
-        .builder
-        .build_call(intrinsic_fn, &[v.into()], "isnan")
-        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
-        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
-        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
-        .unwrap();
-
-    generator.bool_to_i1(ctx, ret)
-}
-
-/// Generates a call to `gamma` in IR. Returns an `f64` representing the result.
-pub fn call_gamma<'ctx>(ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, v: FloatValue<'ctx>) -> FloatValue<'ctx> {
-    let llvm_f64 = ctx.ctx.f64_type();
-
-    let intrinsic_fn = ctx.module.get_function("__nac3_gamma").unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        let fn_type = llvm_f64.fn_type(&[llvm_f64.into()], false);
-        ctx.module.add_function("__nac3_gamma", fn_type, None)
-    });
-
-    ctx.builder
-        .build_call(intrinsic_fn, &[v.into()], "gamma")
-        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
-        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_float_value))
-        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
-        .unwrap()
-}
-
-/// Generates a call to `gammaln` in IR. Returns an `f64` representing the result.
-pub fn call_gammaln<'ctx>(ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, v: FloatValue<'ctx>) -> FloatValue<'ctx> {
-    let llvm_f64 = ctx.ctx.f64_type();
-
-    let intrinsic_fn = ctx.module.get_function("__nac3_gammaln").unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        let fn_type = llvm_f64.fn_type(&[llvm_f64.into()], false);
-        ctx.module.add_function("__nac3_gammaln", fn_type, None)
-    });
-
-    ctx.builder
-        .build_call(intrinsic_fn, &[v.into()], "gammaln")
-        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
-        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_float_value))
-        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
-        .unwrap()
-}
-
-/// Generates a call to `j0` in IR. Returns an `f64` representing the result.
-pub fn call_j0<'ctx>(ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, v: FloatValue<'ctx>) -> FloatValue<'ctx> {
-    let llvm_f64 = ctx.ctx.f64_type();
-
-    let intrinsic_fn = ctx.module.get_function("__nac3_j0").unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        let fn_type = llvm_f64.fn_type(&[llvm_f64.into()], false);
-        ctx.module.add_function("__nac3_j0", fn_type, None)
-    });
-
-    ctx.builder
-        .build_call(intrinsic_fn, &[v.into()], "j0")
-        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
-        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_float_value))
-        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
-        .unwrap()
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/irrt/mod.rs

@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
+use crate::{symbol_resolver::SymbolResolver, typecheck::typedef::Type};
+
+use super::{
+    classes::{
+        ArrayLikeIndexer, ArrayLikeValue, ArraySliceValue, ListValue, NDArrayValue,
+        TypedArrayLikeAccessor, TypedArrayLikeAdapter, UntypedArrayLikeAccessor,
+    },
+    llvm_intrinsics,
+    macros::codegen_unreachable,
+    stmt::gen_for_callback_incrementing,
+    CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
+};
 use inkwell::{
     attributes::{Attribute, AttributeLoc},
     context::Context,
     memory_buffer::MemoryBuffer,
     module::Module,
-    values::{BasicValue, BasicValueEnum, IntValue},
-    IntPredicate,
+    types::{BasicTypeEnum, IntType},
+    values::{BasicValue, BasicValueEnum, CallSiteValue, FloatValue, IntValue},
+    AddressSpace, IntPredicate,
 };
-
+use itertools::Either;
 use nac3parser::ast::Expr;
 
-use super::{CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator};
-use crate::{symbol_resolver::SymbolResolver, typecheck::typedef::Type};
-pub use list::*;
-pub use math::*;
-pub use range::*;
-pub use slice::*;
-
-mod list;
-mod math;
-pub mod ndarray;
-mod range;
-mod slice;
-
 #[must_use]
 pub fn load_irrt<'ctx>(ctx: &'ctx Context, symbol_resolver: &dyn SymbolResolver) -> Module<'ctx> {
     let bitcode_buf = MemoryBuffer::create_from_memory_range(
@@ -61,25 +61,86 @@ pub fn load_irrt<'ctx>(ctx: &'ctx Context, symbol_resolver: &dyn SymbolResolver)
     irrt_mod
 }
 
-/// Returns the name of a function which contains variants for 32-bit and 64-bit `size_t`.
-///
-/// - When [`TypeContext::size_type`] is 32-bits, the function name is `fn_name}`.
-/// - When [`TypeContext::size_type`] is 64-bits, the function name is `{fn_name}64`.
-#[must_use]
-pub fn get_usize_dependent_function_name<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'_, '_>,
-    name: &str,
-) -> String {
-    let mut name = name.to_owned();
-    match generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx).get_bit_width() {
-        32 => {}
-        64 => name.push_str("64"),
-        bit_width => {
-            panic!("Unsupported int type bit width {bit_width}, must be either 32-bits or 64-bits")
+// repeated squaring method adapted from GNU Scientific Library:
+// https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gsl.git/tree/sys/pow_int.c
+pub fn integer_power<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    base: IntValue<'ctx>,
+    exp: IntValue<'ctx>,
+    signed: bool,
+) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
+    let symbol = match (base.get_type().get_bit_width(), exp.get_type().get_bit_width(), signed) {
+        (32, 32, true) => "__nac3_int_exp_int32_t",
+        (64, 64, true) => "__nac3_int_exp_int64_t",
+        (32, 32, false) => "__nac3_int_exp_uint32_t",
+        (64, 64, false) => "__nac3_int_exp_uint64_t",
+        _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx),
+    };
+    let base_type = base.get_type();
+    let pow_fun = ctx.module.get_function(symbol).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        let fn_type = base_type.fn_type(&[base_type.into(), base_type.into()], false);
+        ctx.module.add_function(symbol, fn_type, None)
+    });
+    // throw exception when exp < 0
+    let ge_zero = ctx
+        .builder
+        .build_int_compare(
+            IntPredicate::SGE,
+            exp,
+            exp.get_type().const_zero(),
+            "assert_int_pow_ge_0",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+    ctx.make_assert(
+        generator,
+        ge_zero,
+        "0:ValueError",
+        "integer power must be positive or zero",
+        [None, None, None],
+        ctx.current_loc,
+    );
+    ctx.builder
+        .build_call(pow_fun, &[base.into(), exp.into()], "call_int_pow")
+        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
+        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
+        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
+        .unwrap()
 }
-    }
-    name
+
+pub fn calculate_len_for_slice_range<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    start: IntValue<'ctx>,
+    end: IntValue<'ctx>,
+    step: IntValue<'ctx>,
+) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
+    const SYMBOL: &str = "__nac3_range_slice_len";
+    let len_func = ctx.module.get_function(SYMBOL).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        let i32_t = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
+        let fn_t = i32_t.fn_type(&[i32_t.into(), i32_t.into(), i32_t.into()], false);
+        ctx.module.add_function(SYMBOL, fn_t, None)
+    });
+
+    // assert step != 0, throw exception if not
+    let not_zero = ctx
+        .builder
+        .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::NE, step, step.get_type().const_zero(), "range_step_ne")
+        .unwrap();
+    ctx.make_assert(
+        generator,
+        not_zero,
+        "0:ValueError",
+        "step must not be zero",
+        [None, None, None],
+        ctx.current_loc,
+    );
+    ctx.builder
+        .build_call(len_func, &[start.into(), end.into(), step.into()], "calc_len")
+        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
+        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
+        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
+        .unwrap()
 }
 
 /// NOTE: the output value of the end index of this function should be compared ***inclusively***,
@@ -247,3 +308,644 @@ pub fn handle_slice_indices<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
         }
     }))
 }
+
+/// this function allows index out of range, since python
+/// allows index out of range in slice (`a = [1,2,3]; a[1:10] == [2,3]`).
+pub fn handle_slice_index_bound<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
+    i: &Expr<Option<Type>>,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    generator: &mut G,
+    length: IntValue<'ctx>,
+) -> Result<Option<IntValue<'ctx>>, String> {
+    const SYMBOL: &str = "__nac3_slice_index_bound";
+    let func = ctx.module.get_function(SYMBOL).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        let i32_t = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
+        let fn_t = i32_t.fn_type(&[i32_t.into(), i32_t.into()], false);
+        ctx.module.add_function(SYMBOL, fn_t, None)
+    });
+
+    let i = if let Some(v) = generator.gen_expr(ctx, i)? {
+        v.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, i.custom.unwrap())?
+    } else {
+        return Ok(None);
+    };
+    Ok(Some(
+        ctx.builder
+            .build_call(func, &[i.into(), length.into()], "bounded_ind")
+            .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
+            .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
+            .map(Either::unwrap_left)
+            .unwrap(),
+    ))
+}
+
+/// This function handles 'end' **inclusively**.
+/// Order of tuples `assign_idx` and `value_idx` is ('start', 'end', 'step').
+/// Negative index should be handled before entering this function
+pub fn list_slice_assignment<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    ty: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
+    dest_arr: ListValue<'ctx>,
+    dest_idx: (IntValue<'ctx>, IntValue<'ctx>, IntValue<'ctx>),
+    src_arr: ListValue<'ctx>,
+    src_idx: (IntValue<'ctx>, IntValue<'ctx>, IntValue<'ctx>),
+) {
+    let size_ty = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+    let int8_ptr = ctx.ctx.i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
+    let int32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
+    let (fun_symbol, elem_ptr_type) = ("__nac3_list_slice_assign_var_size", int8_ptr);
+    let slice_assign_fun = {
+        let ty_vec = vec![
+            int32.into(),         // dest start idx
+            int32.into(),         // dest end idx
+            int32.into(),         // dest step
+            elem_ptr_type.into(), // dest arr ptr
+            int32.into(),         // dest arr len
+            int32.into(),         // src start idx
+            int32.into(),         // src end idx
+            int32.into(),         // src step
+            elem_ptr_type.into(), // src arr ptr
+            int32.into(),         // src arr len
+            int32.into(),         // size
+        ];
+        ctx.module.get_function(fun_symbol).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            let fn_t = int32.fn_type(ty_vec.as_slice(), false);
+            ctx.module.add_function(fun_symbol, fn_t, None)
+        })
+    };
+
+    let zero = int32.const_zero();
+    let one = int32.const_int(1, false);
+    let dest_arr_ptr = dest_arr.data().base_ptr(ctx, generator);
+    let dest_arr_ptr =
+        ctx.builder.build_pointer_cast(dest_arr_ptr, elem_ptr_type, "dest_arr_ptr_cast").unwrap();
+    let dest_len = dest_arr.load_size(ctx, Some("dest.len"));
+    let dest_len = ctx.builder.build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(dest_len, int32, "srclen32").unwrap();
+    let src_arr_ptr = src_arr.data().base_ptr(ctx, generator);
+    let src_arr_ptr =
+        ctx.builder.build_pointer_cast(src_arr_ptr, elem_ptr_type, "src_arr_ptr_cast").unwrap();
+    let src_len = src_arr.load_size(ctx, Some("src.len"));
+    let src_len = ctx.builder.build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(src_len, int32, "srclen32").unwrap();
+
+    // index in bound and positive should be done
+    // assert if dest.step == 1 then len(src) <= len(dest) else len(src) == len(dest), and
+    // throw exception if not satisfied
+    let src_end = ctx
+        .builder
+        .build_select(
+            ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::SLT, src_idx.2, zero, "is_neg").unwrap(),
+            ctx.builder.build_int_sub(src_idx.1, one, "e_min_one").unwrap(),
+            ctx.builder.build_int_add(src_idx.1, one, "e_add_one").unwrap(),
+            "final_e",
+        )
+        .map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value)
+        .unwrap();
+    let dest_end = ctx
+        .builder
+        .build_select(
+            ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::SLT, dest_idx.2, zero, "is_neg").unwrap(),
+            ctx.builder.build_int_sub(dest_idx.1, one, "e_min_one").unwrap(),
+            ctx.builder.build_int_add(dest_idx.1, one, "e_add_one").unwrap(),
+            "final_e",
+        )
+        .map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value)
+        .unwrap();
+    let src_slice_len =
+        calculate_len_for_slice_range(generator, ctx, src_idx.0, src_end, src_idx.2);
+    let dest_slice_len =
+        calculate_len_for_slice_range(generator, ctx, dest_idx.0, dest_end, dest_idx.2);
+    let src_eq_dest = ctx
+        .builder
+        .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::EQ, src_slice_len, dest_slice_len, "slice_src_eq_dest")
+        .unwrap();
+    let src_slt_dest = ctx
+        .builder
+        .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::SLT, src_slice_len, dest_slice_len, "slice_src_slt_dest")
+        .unwrap();
+    let dest_step_eq_one = ctx
+        .builder
+        .build_int_compare(
+            IntPredicate::EQ,
+            dest_idx.2,
+            dest_idx.2.get_type().const_int(1, false),
+            "slice_dest_step_eq_one",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+    let cond_1 = ctx.builder.build_and(dest_step_eq_one, src_slt_dest, "slice_cond_1").unwrap();
+    let cond = ctx.builder.build_or(src_eq_dest, cond_1, "slice_cond").unwrap();
+    ctx.make_assert(
+        generator,
+        cond,
+        "0:ValueError",
+        "attempt to assign sequence of size {0} to slice of size {1} with step size {2}",
+        [Some(src_slice_len), Some(dest_slice_len), Some(dest_idx.2)],
+        ctx.current_loc,
+    );
+
+    let new_len = {
+        let args = vec![
+            dest_idx.0.into(),   // dest start idx
+            dest_idx.1.into(),   // dest end idx
+            dest_idx.2.into(),   // dest step
+            dest_arr_ptr.into(), // dest arr ptr
+            dest_len.into(),     // dest arr len
+            src_idx.0.into(),    // src start idx
+            src_idx.1.into(),    // src end idx
+            src_idx.2.into(),    // src step
+            src_arr_ptr.into(),  // src arr ptr
+            src_len.into(),      // src arr len
+            {
+                let s = match ty {
+                    BasicTypeEnum::FloatType(t) => t.size_of(),
+                    BasicTypeEnum::IntType(t) => t.size_of(),
+                    BasicTypeEnum::PointerType(t) => t.size_of(),
+                    BasicTypeEnum::StructType(t) => t.size_of().unwrap(),
+                    _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx),
+                };
+                ctx.builder.build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(s, int32, "size").unwrap()
+            }
+            .into(),
+        ];
+        ctx.builder
+            .build_call(slice_assign_fun, args.as_slice(), "slice_assign")
+            .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
+            .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
+            .map(Either::unwrap_left)
+            .unwrap()
+    };
+    // update length
+    let need_update =
+        ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::NE, new_len, dest_len, "need_update").unwrap();
+    let current = ctx.builder.get_insert_block().unwrap().get_parent().unwrap();
+    let update_bb = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "update");
+    let cont_bb = ctx.ctx.append_basic_block(current, "cont");
+    ctx.builder.build_conditional_branch(need_update, update_bb, cont_bb).unwrap();
+    ctx.builder.position_at_end(update_bb);
+    let new_len = ctx.builder.build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(new_len, size_ty, "new_len").unwrap();
+    dest_arr.store_size(ctx, generator, new_len);
+    ctx.builder.build_unconditional_branch(cont_bb).unwrap();
+    ctx.builder.position_at_end(cont_bb);
+}
+
+/// Generates a call to `isinf` in IR. Returns an `i1` representing the result.
+pub fn call_isinf<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    v: FloatValue<'ctx>,
+) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
+    let intrinsic_fn = ctx.module.get_function("__nac3_isinf").unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        let fn_type = ctx.ctx.i32_type().fn_type(&[ctx.ctx.f64_type().into()], false);
+        ctx.module.add_function("__nac3_isinf", fn_type, None)
+    });
+
+    let ret = ctx
+        .builder
+        .build_call(intrinsic_fn, &[v.into()], "isinf")
+        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
+        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
+        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    generator.bool_to_i1(ctx, ret)
+}
+
+/// Generates a call to `isnan` in IR. Returns an `i1` representing the result.
+pub fn call_isnan<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    v: FloatValue<'ctx>,
+) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
+    let intrinsic_fn = ctx.module.get_function("__nac3_isnan").unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        let fn_type = ctx.ctx.i32_type().fn_type(&[ctx.ctx.f64_type().into()], false);
+        ctx.module.add_function("__nac3_isnan", fn_type, None)
+    });
+
+    let ret = ctx
+        .builder
+        .build_call(intrinsic_fn, &[v.into()], "isnan")
+        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
+        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
+        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    generator.bool_to_i1(ctx, ret)
+}
+
+/// Generates a call to `gamma` in IR. Returns an `f64` representing the result.
+pub fn call_gamma<'ctx>(ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, v: FloatValue<'ctx>) -> FloatValue<'ctx> {
+    let llvm_f64 = ctx.ctx.f64_type();
+
+    let intrinsic_fn = ctx.module.get_function("__nac3_gamma").unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        let fn_type = llvm_f64.fn_type(&[llvm_f64.into()], false);
+        ctx.module.add_function("__nac3_gamma", fn_type, None)
+    });
+
+    ctx.builder
+        .build_call(intrinsic_fn, &[v.into()], "gamma")
+        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
+        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_float_value))
+        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
+        .unwrap()
+}
+
+/// Generates a call to `gammaln` in IR. Returns an `f64` representing the result.
+pub fn call_gammaln<'ctx>(ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, v: FloatValue<'ctx>) -> FloatValue<'ctx> {
+    let llvm_f64 = ctx.ctx.f64_type();
+
+    let intrinsic_fn = ctx.module.get_function("__nac3_gammaln").unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        let fn_type = llvm_f64.fn_type(&[llvm_f64.into()], false);
+        ctx.module.add_function("__nac3_gammaln", fn_type, None)
+    });
+
+    ctx.builder
+        .build_call(intrinsic_fn, &[v.into()], "gammaln")
+        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
+        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_float_value))
+        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
+        .unwrap()
+}
+
+/// Generates a call to `j0` in IR. Returns an `f64` representing the result.
+pub fn call_j0<'ctx>(ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, v: FloatValue<'ctx>) -> FloatValue<'ctx> {
+    let llvm_f64 = ctx.ctx.f64_type();
+
+    let intrinsic_fn = ctx.module.get_function("__nac3_j0").unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        let fn_type = llvm_f64.fn_type(&[llvm_f64.into()], false);
+        ctx.module.add_function("__nac3_j0", fn_type, None)
+    });
+
+    ctx.builder
+        .build_call(intrinsic_fn, &[v.into()], "j0")
+        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
+        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_float_value))
+        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
+        .unwrap()
+}
+
+/// Generates a call to `__nac3_ndarray_calc_size`. Returns an [`IntValue`] representing the
+/// calculated total size.
+///
+/// * `dims` - An [`ArrayLikeIndexer`] containing the size of each dimension.
+/// * `range` - The dimension index to begin and end (exclusively) calculating the dimensions for,
+///   or [`None`] if starting from the first dimension and ending at the last dimension
+///   respectively.
+pub fn call_ndarray_calc_size<'ctx, G, Dims>(
+    generator: &G,
+    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    dims: &Dims,
+    (begin, end): (Option<IntValue<'ctx>>, Option<IntValue<'ctx>>),
+) -> IntValue<'ctx>
+where
+    G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized,
+    Dims: ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx>,
+{
+    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+    let llvm_pusize = llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
+
+    let ndarray_calc_size_fn_name = match llvm_usize.get_bit_width() {
+        32 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_size",
+        64 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_size64",
+        bw => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
+    };
+    let ndarray_calc_size_fn_t = llvm_usize.fn_type(
+        &[llvm_pusize.into(), llvm_usize.into(), llvm_usize.into(), llvm_usize.into()],
+        false,
+    );
+    let ndarray_calc_size_fn =
+        ctx.module.get_function(ndarray_calc_size_fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            ctx.module.add_function(ndarray_calc_size_fn_name, ndarray_calc_size_fn_t, None)
+        });
+
+    let begin = begin.unwrap_or_else(|| llvm_usize.const_zero());
+    let end = end.unwrap_or_else(|| dims.size(ctx, generator));
+    ctx.builder
+        .build_call(
+            ndarray_calc_size_fn,
+            &[
+                dims.base_ptr(ctx, generator).into(),
+                dims.size(ctx, generator).into(),
+                begin.into(),
+                end.into(),
+            ],
+            "",
+        )
+        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
+        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
+        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
+        .unwrap()
+}
+
+/// Generates a call to `__nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices`. Returns a [`TypeArrayLikeAdpater`]
+/// containing `i32` indices of the flattened index.
+///
+/// * `index` - The index to compute the multidimensional index for.
+/// * `ndarray` - LLVM pointer to the `NDArray`. This value must be the LLVM representation of an
+///   `NDArray`.
+pub fn call_ndarray_calc_nd_indices<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+    generator: &G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    index: IntValue<'ctx>,
+    ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
+) -> TypedArrayLikeAdapter<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
+    let llvm_void = ctx.ctx.void_type();
+    let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
+    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+    let llvm_pi32 = llvm_i32.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
+    let llvm_pusize = llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
+
+    let ndarray_calc_nd_indices_fn_name = match llvm_usize.get_bit_width() {
+        32 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices",
+        64 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices64",
+        bw => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
+    };
+    let ndarray_calc_nd_indices_fn =
+        ctx.module.get_function(ndarray_calc_nd_indices_fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            let fn_type = llvm_void.fn_type(
+                &[llvm_usize.into(), llvm_pusize.into(), llvm_usize.into(), llvm_pi32.into()],
+                false,
+            );
+
+            ctx.module.add_function(ndarray_calc_nd_indices_fn_name, fn_type, None)
+        });
+
+    let ndarray_num_dims = ndarray.load_ndims(ctx);
+    let ndarray_dims = ndarray.dim_sizes();
+
+    let indices = ctx.builder.build_array_alloca(llvm_i32, ndarray_num_dims, "").unwrap();
+
+    ctx.builder
+        .build_call(
+            ndarray_calc_nd_indices_fn,
+            &[
+                index.into(),
+                ndarray_dims.base_ptr(ctx, generator).into(),
+                ndarray_num_dims.into(),
+                indices.into(),
+            ],
+            "",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+    TypedArrayLikeAdapter::from(
+        ArraySliceValue::from_ptr_val(indices, ndarray_num_dims, None),
+        Box::new(|_, v| v.into_int_value()),
+        Box::new(|_, v| v.into()),
+    )
+}
+
+fn call_ndarray_flatten_index_impl<'ctx, G, Indices>(
+    generator: &G,
+    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
+    indices: &Indices,
+) -> IntValue<'ctx>
+where
+    G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized,
+    Indices: ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx>,
+{
+    let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
+    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+
+    let llvm_pi32 = llvm_i32.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
+    let llvm_pusize = llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
+
+    debug_assert_eq!(
+        IntType::try_from(indices.element_type(ctx, generator))
+            .map(IntType::get_bit_width)
+            .unwrap_or_default(),
+        llvm_i32.get_bit_width(),
+        "Expected i32 value for argument `indices` to `call_ndarray_flatten_index_impl`"
+    );
+    debug_assert_eq!(
+        indices.size(ctx, generator).get_type().get_bit_width(),
+        llvm_usize.get_bit_width(),
+        "Expected usize integer value for argument `indices_size` to `call_ndarray_flatten_index_impl`"
+    );
+
+    let ndarray_flatten_index_fn_name = match llvm_usize.get_bit_width() {
+        32 => "__nac3_ndarray_flatten_index",
+        64 => "__nac3_ndarray_flatten_index64",
+        bw => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
+    };
+    let ndarray_flatten_index_fn =
+        ctx.module.get_function(ndarray_flatten_index_fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            let fn_type = llvm_usize.fn_type(
+                &[llvm_pusize.into(), llvm_usize.into(), llvm_pi32.into(), llvm_usize.into()],
+                false,
+            );
+
+            ctx.module.add_function(ndarray_flatten_index_fn_name, fn_type, None)
+        });
+
+    let ndarray_num_dims = ndarray.load_ndims(ctx);
+    let ndarray_dims = ndarray.dim_sizes();
+
+    let index = ctx
+        .builder
+        .build_call(
+            ndarray_flatten_index_fn,
+            &[
+                ndarray_dims.base_ptr(ctx, generator).into(),
+                ndarray_num_dims.into(),
+                indices.base_ptr(ctx, generator).into(),
+                indices.size(ctx, generator).into(),
+            ],
+            "",
+        )
+        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
+        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
+        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    index
+}
+
+/// Generates a call to `__nac3_ndarray_flatten_index`. Returns the flattened index for the
+/// multidimensional index.
+///
+/// * `ndarray` - LLVM pointer to the `NDArray`. This value must be the LLVM representation of an
+///   `NDArray`.
+/// * `indices` - The multidimensional index to compute the flattened index for.
+pub fn call_ndarray_flatten_index<'ctx, G, Index>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
+    indices: &Index,
+) -> IntValue<'ctx>
+where
+    G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized,
+    Index: ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx>,
+{
+    call_ndarray_flatten_index_impl(generator, ctx, ndarray, indices)
+}
+
+/// Generates a call to `__nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast`. Returns a tuple containing the number of
+/// dimension and size of each dimension of the resultant `ndarray`.
+pub fn call_ndarray_calc_broadcast<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    lhs: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
+    rhs: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
+) -> TypedArrayLikeAdapter<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
+    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+    let llvm_pusize = llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
+
+    let ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn_name = match llvm_usize.get_bit_width() {
+        32 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast",
+        64 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast64",
+        bw => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
+    };
+    let ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn =
+        ctx.module.get_function(ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            let fn_type = llvm_usize.fn_type(
+                &[
+                    llvm_pusize.into(),
+                    llvm_usize.into(),
+                    llvm_pusize.into(),
+                    llvm_usize.into(),
+                    llvm_pusize.into(),
+                ],
+                false,
+            );
+
+            ctx.module.add_function(ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn_name, fn_type, None)
+        });
+
+    let lhs_ndims = lhs.load_ndims(ctx);
+    let rhs_ndims = rhs.load_ndims(ctx);
+    let min_ndims = llvm_intrinsics::call_int_umin(ctx, lhs_ndims, rhs_ndims, None);
+
+    gen_for_callback_incrementing(
+        generator,
+        ctx,
+        None,
+        llvm_usize.const_zero(),
+        (min_ndims, false),
+        |generator, ctx, _, idx| {
+            let idx = ctx.builder.build_int_sub(min_ndims, idx, "").unwrap();
+            let (lhs_dim_sz, rhs_dim_sz) = unsafe {
+                (
+                    lhs.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, None),
+                    rhs.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, None),
+                )
+            };
+
+            let llvm_usize_const_one = llvm_usize.const_int(1, false);
+            let lhs_eqz = ctx
+                .builder
+                .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::EQ, lhs_dim_sz, llvm_usize_const_one, "")
+                .unwrap();
+            let rhs_eqz = ctx
+                .builder
+                .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::EQ, rhs_dim_sz, llvm_usize_const_one, "")
+                .unwrap();
+            let lhs_or_rhs_eqz = ctx.builder.build_or(lhs_eqz, rhs_eqz, "").unwrap();
+
+            let lhs_eq_rhs = ctx
+                .builder
+                .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::EQ, lhs_dim_sz, rhs_dim_sz, "")
+                .unwrap();
+
+            let is_compatible = ctx.builder.build_or(lhs_or_rhs_eqz, lhs_eq_rhs, "").unwrap();
+
+            ctx.make_assert(
+                generator,
+                is_compatible,
+                "0:ValueError",
+                "operands could not be broadcast together",
+                [None, None, None],
+                ctx.current_loc,
+            );
+
+            Ok(())
+        },
+        llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+
+    let max_ndims = llvm_intrinsics::call_int_umax(ctx, lhs_ndims, rhs_ndims, None);
+    let lhs_dims = lhs.dim_sizes().base_ptr(ctx, generator);
+    let lhs_ndims = lhs.load_ndims(ctx);
+    let rhs_dims = rhs.dim_sizes().base_ptr(ctx, generator);
+    let rhs_ndims = rhs.load_ndims(ctx);
+    let out_dims = ctx.builder.build_array_alloca(llvm_usize, max_ndims, "").unwrap();
+    let out_dims = ArraySliceValue::from_ptr_val(out_dims, max_ndims, None);
+
+    ctx.builder
+        .build_call(
+            ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn,
+            &[
+                lhs_dims.into(),
+                lhs_ndims.into(),
+                rhs_dims.into(),
+                rhs_ndims.into(),
+                out_dims.base_ptr(ctx, generator).into(),
+            ],
+            "",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+    TypedArrayLikeAdapter::from(
+        out_dims,
+        Box::new(|_, v| v.into_int_value()),
+        Box::new(|_, v| v.into()),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Generates a call to `__nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx`. Returns an [`ArrayAllocaValue`]
+/// containing the indices used for accessing `array` corresponding to the index of the broadcasted
+/// array `broadcast_idx`.
+pub fn call_ndarray_calc_broadcast_index<
+    'ctx,
+    G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized,
+    BroadcastIdx: UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx>,
+>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    array: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
+    broadcast_idx: &BroadcastIdx,
+) -> TypedArrayLikeAdapter<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
+    let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
+    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+    let llvm_pi32 = llvm_i32.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
+    let llvm_pusize = llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
+
+    let ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn_name = match llvm_usize.get_bit_width() {
+        32 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx",
+        64 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx64",
+        bw => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
+    };
+    let ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn =
+        ctx.module.get_function(ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            let fn_type = llvm_usize.fn_type(
+                &[llvm_pusize.into(), llvm_usize.into(), llvm_pi32.into(), llvm_pi32.into()],
+                false,
+            );
+
+            ctx.module.add_function(ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn_name, fn_type, None)
+        });
+
+    let broadcast_size = broadcast_idx.size(ctx, generator);
+    let out_idx = ctx.builder.build_array_alloca(llvm_i32, broadcast_size, "").unwrap();
+
+    let array_dims = array.dim_sizes().base_ptr(ctx, generator);
+    let array_ndims = array.load_ndims(ctx);
+    let broadcast_idx_ptr = unsafe {
+        broadcast_idx.ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
+    };
+
+    ctx.builder
+        .build_call(
+            ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn,
+            &[array_dims.into(), array_ndims.into(), broadcast_idx_ptr.into(), out_idx.into()],
+            "",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+    TypedArrayLikeAdapter::from(
+        ArraySliceValue::from_ptr_val(out_idx, broadcast_size, None),
+        Box::new(|_, v| v.into_int_value()),
+        Box::new(|_, v| v.into()),
+    )
+}

nac3core/src/codegen/irrt/ndarray/basic.rs

@@ -1,250 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    values::{BasicValueEnum, IntValue, PointerValue},
-    AddressSpace,
-};
-
-use crate::codegen::{
-    expr::{create_and_call_function, infer_and_call_function},
-    irrt::get_usize_dependent_function_name,
-    types::ProxyType,
-    values::{ndarray::NDArrayValue, ProxyValue},
-    CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-};
-
-pub fn call_nac3_ndarray_util_assert_shape_no_negative<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ndims: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    shape: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-) {
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let llvm_pusize = llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-
-    let name = get_usize_dependent_function_name(
-        generator,
-        ctx,
-        "__nac3_ndarray_util_assert_shape_no_negative",
-    );
-
-    create_and_call_function(
-        ctx,
-        &name,
-        Some(llvm_usize.into()),
-        &[(llvm_usize.into(), ndims.into()), (llvm_pusize.into(), shape.into())],
-        None,
-        None,
-    );
-}
-
-pub fn call_nac3_ndarray_util_assert_output_shape_same<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ndarray_ndims: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    ndarray_shape: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-    output_ndims: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    output_shape: IntValue<'ctx>,
-) {
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let llvm_pusize = llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-
-    let name = get_usize_dependent_function_name(
-        generator,
-        ctx,
-        "__nac3_ndarray_util_assert_output_shape_same",
-    );
-
-    create_and_call_function(
-        ctx,
-        &name,
-        Some(llvm_usize.into()),
-        &[
-            (llvm_usize.into(), ndarray_ndims.into()),
-            (llvm_pusize.into(), ndarray_shape.into()),
-            (llvm_usize.into(), output_ndims.into()),
-            (llvm_pusize.into(), output_shape.into()),
-        ],
-        None,
-        None,
-    );
-}
-
-pub fn call_nac3_ndarray_size<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let llvm_ndarray = ndarray.get_type().as_base_type();
-
-    let name = get_usize_dependent_function_name(generator, ctx, "__nac3_ndarray_size");
-
-    create_and_call_function(
-        ctx,
-        &name,
-        Some(llvm_usize.into()),
-        &[(llvm_ndarray.into(), ndarray.as_base_value().into())],
-        Some("size"),
-        None,
-    )
-    .map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value)
-    .unwrap()
-}
-
-pub fn call_nac3_ndarray_nbytes<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let llvm_ndarray = ndarray.get_type().as_base_type();
-
-    let name = get_usize_dependent_function_name(generator, ctx, "__nac3_ndarray_nbytes");
-
-    create_and_call_function(
-        ctx,
-        &name,
-        Some(llvm_usize.into()),
-        &[(llvm_ndarray.into(), ndarray.as_base_value().into())],
-        Some("nbytes"),
-        None,
-    )
-    .map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value)
-    .unwrap()
-}
-
-pub fn call_nac3_ndarray_len<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let llvm_ndarray = ndarray.get_type().as_base_type();
-
-    let name = get_usize_dependent_function_name(generator, ctx, "__nac3_ndarray_len");
-
-    create_and_call_function(
-        ctx,
-        &name,
-        Some(llvm_usize.into()),
-        &[(llvm_ndarray.into(), ndarray.as_base_value().into())],
-        Some("len"),
-        None,
-    )
-    .map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value)
-    .unwrap()
-}
-
-pub fn call_nac3_ndarray_is_c_contiguous<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-    let llvm_i1 = ctx.ctx.bool_type();
-    let llvm_ndarray = ndarray.get_type().as_base_type();
-
-    let name = get_usize_dependent_function_name(generator, ctx, "__nac3_ndarray_is_c_contiguous");
-
-    create_and_call_function(
-        ctx,
-        &name,
-        Some(llvm_i1.into()),
-        &[(llvm_ndarray.into(), ndarray.as_base_value().into())],
-        Some("is_c_contiguous"),
-        None,
-    )
-    .map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value)
-    .unwrap()
-}
-
-pub fn call_nac3_ndarray_get_nth_pelement<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-    index: IntValue<'ctx>,
-) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-    let llvm_i8 = ctx.ctx.i8_type();
-    let llvm_pi8 = llvm_i8.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let llvm_ndarray = ndarray.get_type().as_base_type();
-
-    let name = get_usize_dependent_function_name(generator, ctx, "__nac3_ndarray_get_nth_pelement");
-
-    create_and_call_function(
-        ctx,
-        &name,
-        Some(llvm_pi8.into()),
-        &[(llvm_ndarray.into(), ndarray.as_base_value().into()), (llvm_usize.into(), index.into())],
-        Some("pelement"),
-        None,
-    )
-    .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
-    .unwrap()
-}
-
-pub fn call_nac3_ndarray_get_pelement_by_indices<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-    indices: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-    let llvm_i8 = ctx.ctx.i8_type();
-    let llvm_pi8 = llvm_i8.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let llvm_pusize = llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-    let llvm_ndarray = ndarray.get_type().as_base_type();
-
-    let name =
-        get_usize_dependent_function_name(generator, ctx, "__nac3_ndarray_get_pelement_by_indices");
-
-    create_and_call_function(
-        ctx,
-        &name,
-        Some(llvm_pi8.into()),
-        &[
-            (llvm_ndarray.into(), ndarray.as_base_value().into()),
-            (llvm_pusize.into(), indices.into()),
-        ],
-        Some("pelement"),
-        None,
-    )
-    .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
-    .unwrap()
-}
-
-pub fn call_nac3_ndarray_set_strides_by_shape<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-) {
-    let llvm_ndarray = ndarray.get_type().as_base_type();
-
-    let name =
-        get_usize_dependent_function_name(generator, ctx, "__nac3_ndarray_set_strides_by_shape");
-
-    create_and_call_function(
-        ctx,
-        &name,
-        None,
-        &[(llvm_ndarray.into(), ndarray.as_base_value().into())],
-        None,
-        None,
-    );
-}
-
-pub fn call_nac3_ndarray_copy_data<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    src_ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-    dst_ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-) {
-    let name = get_usize_dependent_function_name(generator, ctx, "__nac3_ndarray_copy_data");
-
-    infer_and_call_function(
-        ctx,
-        &name,
-        None,
-        &[src_ndarray.as_base_value().into(), dst_ndarray.as_base_value().into()],
-        None,
-        None,
-    );
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/irrt/ndarray/indexing.rs

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-use crate::codegen::{
-    expr::infer_and_call_function,
-    irrt::get_usize_dependent_function_name,
-    values::{ndarray::NDArrayValue, ArrayLikeValue, ArraySliceValue, ProxyValue},
-    CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-};
-
-pub fn call_nac3_ndarray_index<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    indices: ArraySliceValue<'ctx>,
-    src_ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-    dst_ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-) {
-    let name = get_usize_dependent_function_name(generator, ctx, "__nac3_ndarray_index");
-    infer_and_call_function(
-        ctx,
-        &name,
-        None,
-        &[
-            indices.size(ctx, generator).into(),
-            indices.base_ptr(ctx, generator).into(),
-            src_ndarray.as_base_value().into(),
-            dst_ndarray.as_base_value().into(),
-        ],
-        None,
-        None,
-    );
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/irrt/ndarray/iter.rs

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    values::{BasicValueEnum, IntValue},
-    AddressSpace,
-};
-
-use crate::codegen::{
-    expr::{create_and_call_function, infer_and_call_function},
-    irrt::get_usize_dependent_function_name,
-    types::ProxyType,
-    values::{
-        ndarray::{NDArrayValue, NDIterValue},
-        ArrayLikeValue, ArraySliceValue, ProxyValue,
-    },
-    CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-};
-
-pub fn call_nac3_nditer_initialize<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    iter: NDIterValue<'ctx>,
-    ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-    indices: ArraySliceValue<'ctx>,
-) {
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let llvm_pusize = llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-
-    let name = get_usize_dependent_function_name(generator, ctx, "__nac3_nditer_initialize");
-
-    create_and_call_function(
-        ctx,
-        &name,
-        None,
-        &[
-            (iter.get_type().as_base_type().into(), iter.as_base_value().into()),
-            (ndarray.get_type().as_base_type().into(), ndarray.as_base_value().into()),
-            (llvm_pusize.into(), indices.base_ptr(ctx, generator).into()),
-        ],
-        None,
-        None,
-    );
-}
-
-pub fn call_nac3_nditer_has_element<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    iter: NDIterValue<'ctx>,
-) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-    let name = get_usize_dependent_function_name(generator, ctx, "__nac3_nditer_has_element");
-
-    infer_and_call_function(
-        ctx,
-        &name,
-        Some(ctx.ctx.bool_type().into()),
-        &[iter.as_base_value().into()],
-        None,
-        None,
-    )
-    .map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value)
-    .unwrap()
-}
-
-pub fn call_nac3_nditer_next<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    iter: NDIterValue<'ctx>,
-) {
-    let name = get_usize_dependent_function_name(generator, ctx, "__nac3_nditer_next");
-
-    infer_and_call_function(ctx, &name, None, &[iter.as_base_value().into()], None, None);
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/irrt/ndarray/mod.rs

@@ -1,391 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    types::IntType,
-    values::{BasicValueEnum, CallSiteValue, IntValue},
-    AddressSpace, IntPredicate,
-};
-use itertools::Either;
-
-use crate::codegen::{
-    llvm_intrinsics,
-    macros::codegen_unreachable,
-    stmt::gen_for_callback_incrementing,
-    values::{
-        ndarray::NDArrayValue, ArrayLikeIndexer, ArrayLikeValue, ArraySliceValue,
-        TypedArrayLikeAccessor, TypedArrayLikeAdapter, UntypedArrayLikeAccessor,
-    },
-    CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-};
-pub use basic::*;
-pub use indexing::*;
-pub use iter::*;
-
-mod basic;
-mod indexing;
-mod iter;
-
-/// Generates a call to `__nac3_ndarray_calc_size`. Returns an [`IntValue`] representing the
-/// calculated total size.
-///
-/// * `dims` - An [`ArrayLikeIndexer`] containing the size of each dimension.
-/// * `range` - The dimension index to begin and end (exclusively) calculating the dimensions for,
-///   or [`None`] if starting from the first dimension and ending at the last dimension
-///   respectively.
-pub fn call_ndarray_calc_size<'ctx, G, Dims>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    dims: &Dims,
-    (begin, end): (Option<IntValue<'ctx>>, Option<IntValue<'ctx>>),
-) -> IntValue<'ctx>
-where
-    G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized,
-    Dims: ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx>,
-{
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let llvm_pusize = llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-
-    let ndarray_calc_size_fn_name = match llvm_usize.get_bit_width() {
-        32 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_size",
-        64 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_size64",
-        bw => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
-    };
-    let ndarray_calc_size_fn_t = llvm_usize.fn_type(
-        &[llvm_pusize.into(), llvm_usize.into(), llvm_usize.into(), llvm_usize.into()],
-        false,
-    );
-    let ndarray_calc_size_fn =
-        ctx.module.get_function(ndarray_calc_size_fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            ctx.module.add_function(ndarray_calc_size_fn_name, ndarray_calc_size_fn_t, None)
-        });
-
-    let begin = begin.unwrap_or_else(|| llvm_usize.const_zero());
-    let end = end.unwrap_or_else(|| dims.size(ctx, generator));
-    ctx.builder
-        .build_call(
-            ndarray_calc_size_fn,
-            &[
-                dims.base_ptr(ctx, generator).into(),
-                dims.size(ctx, generator).into(),
-                begin.into(),
-                end.into(),
-            ],
-            "",
-        )
-        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
-        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
-        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
-        .unwrap()
-}
-
-/// Generates a call to `__nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices`. Returns a [`TypeArrayLikeAdpater`]
-/// containing `i32` indices of the flattened index.
-///
-/// * `index` - The index to compute the multidimensional index for.
-/// * `ndarray` - LLVM pointer to the `NDArray`. This value must be the LLVM representation of an
-///   `NDArray`.
-pub fn call_ndarray_calc_nd_indices<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    index: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-) -> TypedArrayLikeAdapter<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
-    let llvm_void = ctx.ctx.void_type();
-    let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let llvm_pi32 = llvm_i32.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-    let llvm_pusize = llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-
-    let ndarray_calc_nd_indices_fn_name = match llvm_usize.get_bit_width() {
-        32 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices",
-        64 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_nd_indices64",
-        bw => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
-    };
-    let ndarray_calc_nd_indices_fn =
-        ctx.module.get_function(ndarray_calc_nd_indices_fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            let fn_type = llvm_void.fn_type(
-                &[llvm_usize.into(), llvm_pusize.into(), llvm_usize.into(), llvm_pi32.into()],
-                false,
-            );
-
-            ctx.module.add_function(ndarray_calc_nd_indices_fn_name, fn_type, None)
-        });
-
-    let ndarray_num_dims = ndarray.load_ndims(ctx);
-    let ndarray_dims = ndarray.shape();
-
-    let indices = ctx.builder.build_array_alloca(llvm_i32, ndarray_num_dims, "").unwrap();
-
-    ctx.builder
-        .build_call(
-            ndarray_calc_nd_indices_fn,
-            &[
-                index.into(),
-                ndarray_dims.base_ptr(ctx, generator).into(),
-                ndarray_num_dims.into(),
-                indices.into(),
-            ],
-            "",
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-    TypedArrayLikeAdapter::from(
-        ArraySliceValue::from_ptr_val(indices, ndarray_num_dims, None),
-        Box::new(|_, v| v.into_int_value()),
-        Box::new(|_, v| v.into()),
-    )
-}
-
-fn call_ndarray_flatten_index_impl<'ctx, G, Indices>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-    indices: &Indices,
-) -> IntValue<'ctx>
-where
-    G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized,
-    Indices: ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx>,
-{
-    let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-    let llvm_pi32 = llvm_i32.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-    let llvm_pusize = llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-
-    debug_assert_eq!(
-        IntType::try_from(indices.element_type(ctx, generator))
-            .map(IntType::get_bit_width)
-            .unwrap_or_default(),
-        llvm_i32.get_bit_width(),
-        "Expected i32 value for argument `indices` to `call_ndarray_flatten_index_impl`"
-    );
-    debug_assert_eq!(
-        indices.size(ctx, generator).get_type().get_bit_width(),
-        llvm_usize.get_bit_width(),
-        "Expected usize integer value for argument `indices_size` to `call_ndarray_flatten_index_impl`"
-    );
-
-    let ndarray_flatten_index_fn_name = match llvm_usize.get_bit_width() {
-        32 => "__nac3_ndarray_flatten_index",
-        64 => "__nac3_ndarray_flatten_index64",
-        bw => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
-    };
-    let ndarray_flatten_index_fn =
-        ctx.module.get_function(ndarray_flatten_index_fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            let fn_type = llvm_usize.fn_type(
-                &[llvm_pusize.into(), llvm_usize.into(), llvm_pi32.into(), llvm_usize.into()],
-                false,
-            );
-
-            ctx.module.add_function(ndarray_flatten_index_fn_name, fn_type, None)
-        });
-
-    let ndarray_num_dims = ndarray.load_ndims(ctx);
-    let ndarray_dims = ndarray.shape();
-
-    let index = ctx
-        .builder
-        .build_call(
-            ndarray_flatten_index_fn,
-            &[
-                ndarray_dims.base_ptr(ctx, generator).into(),
-                ndarray_num_dims.into(),
-                indices.base_ptr(ctx, generator).into(),
-                indices.size(ctx, generator).into(),
-            ],
-            "",
-        )
-        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
-        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
-        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
-        .unwrap();
-
-    index
-}
-
-/// Generates a call to `__nac3_ndarray_flatten_index`. Returns the flattened index for the
-/// multidimensional index.
-///
-/// * `ndarray` - LLVM pointer to the `NDArray`. This value must be the LLVM representation of an
-///   `NDArray`.
-/// * `indices` - The multidimensional index to compute the flattened index for.
-pub fn call_ndarray_flatten_index<'ctx, G, Index>(
-    generator: &G,
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-    indices: &Index,
-) -> IntValue<'ctx>
-where
-    G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized,
-    Index: ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx>,
-{
-    call_ndarray_flatten_index_impl(generator, ctx, ndarray, indices)
-}
-
-/// Generates a call to `__nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast`. Returns a tuple containing the number of
-/// dimension and size of each dimension of the resultant `ndarray`.
-pub fn call_ndarray_calc_broadcast<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    lhs: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-    rhs: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-) -> TypedArrayLikeAdapter<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let llvm_pusize = llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-
-    let ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn_name = match llvm_usize.get_bit_width() {
-        32 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast",
-        64 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast64",
-        bw => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
-    };
-    let ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn =
-        ctx.module.get_function(ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            let fn_type = llvm_usize.fn_type(
-                &[
-                    llvm_pusize.into(),
-                    llvm_usize.into(),
-                    llvm_pusize.into(),
-                    llvm_usize.into(),
-                    llvm_pusize.into(),
-                ],
-                false,
-            );
-
-            ctx.module.add_function(ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn_name, fn_type, None)
-        });
-
-    let lhs_ndims = lhs.load_ndims(ctx);
-    let rhs_ndims = rhs.load_ndims(ctx);
-    let min_ndims = llvm_intrinsics::call_int_umin(ctx, lhs_ndims, rhs_ndims, None);
-
-    gen_for_callback_incrementing(
-        generator,
-        ctx,
-        None,
-        llvm_usize.const_zero(),
-        (min_ndims, false),
-        |generator, ctx, _, idx| {
-            let idx = ctx.builder.build_int_sub(min_ndims, idx, "").unwrap();
-            let (lhs_dim_sz, rhs_dim_sz) = unsafe {
-                (
-                    lhs.shape().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, None),
-                    rhs.shape().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, None),
-                )
-            };
-
-            let llvm_usize_const_one = llvm_usize.const_int(1, false);
-            let lhs_eqz = ctx
-                .builder
-                .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::EQ, lhs_dim_sz, llvm_usize_const_one, "")
-                .unwrap();
-            let rhs_eqz = ctx
-                .builder
-                .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::EQ, rhs_dim_sz, llvm_usize_const_one, "")
-                .unwrap();
-            let lhs_or_rhs_eqz = ctx.builder.build_or(lhs_eqz, rhs_eqz, "").unwrap();
-
-            let lhs_eq_rhs = ctx
-                .builder
-                .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::EQ, lhs_dim_sz, rhs_dim_sz, "")
-                .unwrap();
-
-            let is_compatible = ctx.builder.build_or(lhs_or_rhs_eqz, lhs_eq_rhs, "").unwrap();
-
-            ctx.make_assert(
-                generator,
-                is_compatible,
-                "0:ValueError",
-                "operands could not be broadcast together",
-                [None, None, None],
-                ctx.current_loc,
-            );
-
-            Ok(())
-        },
-        llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-
-    let max_ndims = llvm_intrinsics::call_int_umax(ctx, lhs_ndims, rhs_ndims, None);
-    let lhs_dims = lhs.shape().base_ptr(ctx, generator);
-    let lhs_ndims = lhs.load_ndims(ctx);
-    let rhs_dims = rhs.shape().base_ptr(ctx, generator);
-    let rhs_ndims = rhs.load_ndims(ctx);
-    let out_dims = ctx.builder.build_array_alloca(llvm_usize, max_ndims, "").unwrap();
-    let out_dims = ArraySliceValue::from_ptr_val(out_dims, max_ndims, None);
-
-    ctx.builder
-        .build_call(
-            ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn,
-            &[
-                lhs_dims.into(),
-                lhs_ndims.into(),
-                rhs_dims.into(),
-                rhs_ndims.into(),
-                out_dims.base_ptr(ctx, generator).into(),
-            ],
-            "",
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-    TypedArrayLikeAdapter::from(
-        out_dims,
-        Box::new(|_, v| v.into_int_value()),
-        Box::new(|_, v| v.into()),
-    )
-}
-
-/// Generates a call to `__nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx`. Returns an [`ArrayAllocaValue`]
-/// containing the indices used for accessing `array` corresponding to the index of the broadcasted
-/// array `broadcast_idx`.
-pub fn call_ndarray_calc_broadcast_index<
-    'ctx,
-    G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized,
-    BroadcastIdx: UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx>,
->(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    array: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-    broadcast_idx: &BroadcastIdx,
-) -> TypedArrayLikeAdapter<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
-    let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let llvm_pi32 = llvm_i32.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-    let llvm_pusize = llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-
-    let ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn_name = match llvm_usize.get_bit_width() {
-        32 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx",
-        64 => "__nac3_ndarray_calc_broadcast_idx64",
-        bw => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "Unsupported size type bit width: {}", bw),
-    };
-    let ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn =
-        ctx.module.get_function(ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            let fn_type = llvm_usize.fn_type(
-                &[llvm_pusize.into(), llvm_usize.into(), llvm_pi32.into(), llvm_pi32.into()],
-                false,
-            );
-
-            ctx.module.add_function(ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn_name, fn_type, None)
-        });
-
-    let broadcast_size = broadcast_idx.size(ctx, generator);
-    let out_idx = ctx.builder.build_array_alloca(llvm_i32, broadcast_size, "").unwrap();
-
-    let array_dims = array.shape().base_ptr(ctx, generator);
-    let array_ndims = array.load_ndims(ctx);
-    let broadcast_idx_ptr = unsafe {
-        broadcast_idx.ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
-    };
-
-    ctx.builder
-        .build_call(
-            ndarray_calc_broadcast_fn,
-            &[array_dims.into(), array_ndims.into(), broadcast_idx_ptr.into(), out_idx.into()],
-            "",
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-    TypedArrayLikeAdapter::from(
-        ArraySliceValue::from_ptr_val(out_idx, broadcast_size, None),
-        Box::new(|_, v| v.into_int_value()),
-        Box::new(|_, v| v.into()),
-    )
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/irrt/range.rs

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    values::{BasicValueEnum, CallSiteValue, IntValue},
-    IntPredicate,
-};
-use itertools::Either;
-
-use crate::codegen::{CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator};
-
-pub fn calculate_len_for_slice_range<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    start: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    end: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    step: IntValue<'ctx>,
-) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-    const SYMBOL: &str = "__nac3_range_slice_len";
-    let len_func = ctx.module.get_function(SYMBOL).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        let i32_t = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
-        let fn_t = i32_t.fn_type(&[i32_t.into(), i32_t.into(), i32_t.into()], false);
-        ctx.module.add_function(SYMBOL, fn_t, None)
-    });
-
-    // assert step != 0, throw exception if not
-    let not_zero = ctx
-        .builder
-        .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::NE, step, step.get_type().const_zero(), "range_step_ne")
-        .unwrap();
-    ctx.make_assert(
-        generator,
-        not_zero,
-        "0:ValueError",
-        "step must not be zero",
-        [None, None, None],
-        ctx.current_loc,
-    );
-    ctx.builder
-        .build_call(len_func, &[start.into(), end.into(), step.into()], "calc_len")
-        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
-        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
-        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
-        .unwrap()
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/irrt/slice.rs

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::values::{BasicValueEnum, CallSiteValue, IntValue};
-use itertools::Either;
-
-use nac3parser::ast::Expr;
-
-use crate::{
-    codegen::{CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator},
-    typecheck::typedef::Type,
-};
-
-/// this function allows index out of range, since python
-/// allows index out of range in slice (`a = [1,2,3]; a[1:10] == [2,3]`).
-pub fn handle_slice_index_bound<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
-    i: &Expr<Option<Type>>,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    generator: &mut G,
-    length: IntValue<'ctx>,
-) -> Result<Option<IntValue<'ctx>>, String> {
-    const SYMBOL: &str = "__nac3_slice_index_bound";
-    let func = ctx.module.get_function(SYMBOL).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        let i32_t = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
-        let fn_t = i32_t.fn_type(&[i32_t.into(), i32_t.into()], false);
-        ctx.module.add_function(SYMBOL, fn_t, None)
-    });
-
-    let i = if let Some(v) = generator.gen_expr(ctx, i)? {
-        v.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, i.custom.unwrap())?
-    } else {
-        return Ok(None);
-    };
-    Ok(Some(
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_call(func, &[i.into(), length.into()], "bounded_ind")
-            .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
-            .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
-            .map(Either::unwrap_left)
-            .unwrap(),
-    ))
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/llvm_intrinsics.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    context::Context,
-    intrinsics::Intrinsic,
-    types::{AnyTypeEnum::IntType, FloatType},
-    values::{BasicValueEnum, CallSiteValue, FloatValue, IntValue, PointerValue},
-    AddressSpace,
-};
+use crate::codegen::CodeGenContext;
+use inkwell::context::Context;
+use inkwell::intrinsics::Intrinsic;
+use inkwell::types::AnyTypeEnum::IntType;
+use inkwell::types::FloatType;
+use inkwell::values::{BasicValueEnum, CallSiteValue, FloatValue, IntValue, PointerValue};
+use inkwell::AddressSpace;
 use itertools::Either;
 
-use super::CodeGenContext;
-
 /// Returns the string representation for the floating-point type `ft` when used in intrinsic
 /// functions.
 fn get_float_intrinsic_repr(ctx: &Context, ft: FloatType) -> &'static str {
@@ -185,7 +183,7 @@ pub fn call_memcpy_generic<'ctx>(
         dest
     } else {
         ctx.builder
-            .build_bit_cast(dest, llvm_p0i8, "")
+            .build_bitcast(dest, llvm_p0i8, "")
             .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
             .unwrap()
     };
@@ -193,7 +191,7 @@ pub fn call_memcpy_generic<'ctx>(
         src
     } else {
         ctx.builder
-            .build_bit_cast(src, llvm_p0i8, "")
+            .build_bitcast(src, llvm_p0i8, "")
             .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
             .unwrap()
     };
@@ -201,49 +199,6 @@ pub fn call_memcpy_generic<'ctx>(
     call_memcpy(ctx, dest, src, len, is_volatile);
 }
 
-/// Invokes the `llvm.memcpy` intrinsic.
-///
-/// Unlike [`call_memcpy`], this function accepts any type of pointer value. If `dest` or `src` is
-/// not a pointer to an integer, the pointer(s) will be cast to `i8*` before invoking `memcpy`.
-/// Moreover, `len` now refers to the number of elements to copy (rather than number of bytes to
-/// copy).
-pub fn call_memcpy_generic_array<'ctx>(
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    dest: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-    src: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-    len: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    is_volatile: IntValue<'ctx>,
-) {
-    let llvm_i8 = ctx.ctx.i8_type();
-    let llvm_p0i8 = llvm_i8.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-    let llvm_sizeof_expr_t = llvm_i8.size_of().get_type();
-
-    let dest_elem_t = dest.get_type().get_element_type();
-    let src_elem_t = src.get_type().get_element_type();
-
-    let dest = if matches!(dest_elem_t, IntType(t) if t.get_bit_width() == 8) {
-        dest
-    } else {
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_bit_cast(dest, llvm_p0i8, "")
-            .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
-            .unwrap()
-    };
-    let src = if matches!(src_elem_t, IntType(t) if t.get_bit_width() == 8) {
-        src
-    } else {
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_bit_cast(src, llvm_p0i8, "")
-            .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
-            .unwrap()
-    };
-
-    let len = ctx.builder.build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(len, llvm_sizeof_expr_t, "").unwrap();
-    let len = ctx.builder.build_int_mul(len, src_elem_t.size_of().unwrap(), "").unwrap();
-
-    call_memcpy(ctx, dest, src, len, is_volatile);
-}
-
 /// Macro to find and generate build call for llvm intrinsic (body of llvm intrinsic function)
 ///
 /// Arguments:
@@ -386,25 +341,3 @@ pub fn call_float_powi<'ctx>(
         .map(Either::unwrap_left)
         .unwrap()
 }
-
-/// Invokes the [`llvm.ctpop`](https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#llvm-ctpop-intrinsic) intrinsic.
-pub fn call_int_ctpop<'ctx>(
-    ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    src: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    name: Option<&str>,
-) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-    const FN_NAME: &str = "llvm.ctpop";
-
-    let llvm_src_t = src.get_type();
-
-    let intrinsic_fn = Intrinsic::find(FN_NAME)
-        .and_then(|intrinsic| intrinsic.get_declaration(&ctx.module, &[llvm_src_t.into()]))
-        .unwrap();
-
-    ctx.builder
-        .build_call(intrinsic_fn, &[src.into()], name.unwrap_or_default())
-        .map(CallSiteValue::try_as_basic_value)
-        .map(|v| v.map_left(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value))
-        .map(Either::unwrap_left)
-        .unwrap()
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/mod.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-use std::{
-    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
-    sync::{
-        atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
-        Arc,
+use crate::{
+    codegen::classes::{ListType, NDArrayType, ProxyType, RangeType},
+    symbol_resolver::{StaticValue, SymbolResolver},
+    toplevel::{helper::PrimDef, numpy::unpack_ndarray_var_tys, TopLevelContext, TopLevelDef},
+    typecheck::{
+        type_inferencer::{CodeLocation, PrimitiveStore},
+        typedef::{CallId, FuncArg, Type, TypeEnum, Unifier},
     },
-    thread,
 };
-
 use crossbeam::channel::{unbounded, Receiver, Sender};
 use inkwell::{
     attributes::{Attribute, AttributeLoc},
@@ -24,27 +24,17 @@ use inkwell::{
     AddressSpace, IntPredicate, OptimizationLevel,
 };
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use parking_lot::{Condvar, Mutex};
-
 use nac3parser::ast::{Location, Stmt, StrRef};
-
-use crate::{
-    symbol_resolver::{StaticValue, SymbolResolver},
-    toplevel::{
-        helper::{extract_ndims, PrimDef},
-        numpy::unpack_ndarray_var_tys,
-        TopLevelContext, TopLevelDef,
-    },
-    typecheck::{
-        type_inferencer::{CodeLocation, PrimitiveStore},
-        typedef::{CallId, FuncArg, Type, TypeEnum, Unifier},
-    },
+use parking_lot::{Condvar, Mutex};
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::sync::{
+    atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
+    Arc,
 };
-use concrete_type::{ConcreteType, ConcreteTypeEnum, ConcreteTypeStore};
-pub use generator::{CodeGenerator, DefaultCodeGenerator};
-use types::{ndarray::NDArrayType, ListType, ProxyType, RangeType};
+use std::thread;
 
 pub mod builtin_fns;
+pub mod classes;
 pub mod concrete_type;
 pub mod expr;
 pub mod extern_fns;
@@ -53,12 +43,13 @@ pub mod irrt;
 pub mod llvm_intrinsics;
 pub mod numpy;
 pub mod stmt;
-pub mod types;
-pub mod values;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test;
 
+use concrete_type::{ConcreteType, ConcreteTypeEnum, ConcreteTypeStore};
+pub use generator::{CodeGenerator, DefaultCodeGenerator};
+
 mod macros {
     /// Codegen-variant of [`std::unreachable`] which accepts an instance of [`CodeGenContext`] as
     /// its first argument to provide Python source information to indicate the codegen location
@@ -514,13 +505,12 @@ fn get_llvm_type<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                         }
 
                         TObj { obj_id, .. } if *obj_id == PrimDef::NDArray.id() => {
-                            let (dtype, ndims) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(unifier, ty);
-                            let ndims = extract_ndims(unifier, ndims);
+                            let (dtype, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(unifier, ty);
                             let element_type = get_llvm_type(
                                 ctx, module, generator, unifier, top_level, type_cache, dtype,
                             );
 
-                            NDArrayType::new(generator, ctx, element_type, Some(ndims)).as_base_type().into()
+                            NDArrayType::new(generator, ctx, element_type).as_base_type().into()
                         }
 
                         _ => unreachable!(
@@ -858,9 +848,10 @@ pub fn gen_func_impl<
     builder.position_at_end(init_bb);
     let body_bb = context.append_basic_block(fn_val, "body");
 
-    // Store non-vararg argument values into local variables
     let mut var_assignment = HashMap::new();
     let offset = u32::from(has_sret);
+
+    // Store non-vararg argument values into local variables
     for (n, arg) in args.iter().enumerate().filter(|(_, arg)| !arg.is_vararg) {
         let param = fn_val.get_nth_param((n as u32) + offset).unwrap();
         let local_type = get_llvm_type(
@@ -1124,106 +1115,3 @@ fn gen_in_range_check<'ctx>(
 fn get_va_count_arg_name(arg_name: StrRef) -> StrRef {
     format!("__{}_va_count", &arg_name).into()
 }
-
-/// Returns the alignment of the type.
-///
-/// This is necessary as `get_alignment` is not implemented as part of [`BasicType`].
-pub fn get_type_alignment<'ctx>(ty: impl Into<BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>>) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-    match ty.into() {
-        BasicTypeEnum::ArrayType(ty) => ty.get_alignment(),
-        BasicTypeEnum::FloatType(ty) => ty.get_alignment(),
-        BasicTypeEnum::IntType(ty) => ty.get_alignment(),
-        BasicTypeEnum::PointerType(ty) => ty.get_alignment(),
-        BasicTypeEnum::StructType(ty) => ty.get_alignment(),
-        BasicTypeEnum::VectorType(ty) => ty.get_alignment(),
-    }
-}
-
-/// Inserts an `alloca` instruction with allocation `size` given in bytes and the alignment of the
-/// given type.
-///
-/// The returned [`PointerValue`] will have a type of `i8*`, a size of at least `size`, and will be
-/// aligned with the alignment of `align_ty`.
-pub fn type_aligned_alloca<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-    generator: &mut G,
-    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    align_ty: impl Into<BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>>,
-    size: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    name: Option<&str>,
-) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-    /// Round `val` up to its modulo `power_of_two`.
-    fn round_up<'ctx>(
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        val: IntValue<'ctx>,
-        power_of_two: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    ) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        debug_assert_eq!(
-            val.get_type().get_bit_width(),
-            power_of_two.get_type().get_bit_width(),
-            "`val` ({}) and `power_of_two` ({}) must be the same type",
-            val.get_type(),
-            power_of_two.get_type(),
-        );
-
-        let llvm_val_t = val.get_type();
-
-        let max_rem =
-            ctx.builder.build_int_sub(power_of_two, llvm_val_t.const_int(1, false), "").unwrap();
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_and(
-                ctx.builder.build_int_add(val, max_rem, "").unwrap(),
-                ctx.builder.build_not(max_rem, "").unwrap(),
-                "",
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    let llvm_i8 = ctx.ctx.i8_type();
-    let llvm_pi8 = llvm_i8.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let align_ty = align_ty.into();
-
-    let size = ctx.builder.build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(size, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
-
-    debug_assert_eq!(
-        size.get_type().get_bit_width(),
-        llvm_usize.get_bit_width(),
-        "Expected size_t ({}) for parameter `size` of `aligned_alloca`, got {}",
-        llvm_usize,
-        size.get_type(),
-    );
-
-    let alignment = get_type_alignment(align_ty);
-    let alignment = ctx.builder.build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(alignment, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
-
-    if ctx.registry.llvm_options.opt_level == OptimizationLevel::None {
-        let alignment_bitcount = llvm_intrinsics::call_int_ctpop(ctx, alignment, None);
-
-        ctx.make_assert(
-            generator,
-            ctx.builder
-                .build_int_compare(
-                    IntPredicate::EQ,
-                    alignment_bitcount,
-                    alignment_bitcount.get_type().const_int(1, false),
-                    "",
-                )
-                .unwrap(),
-            "0:AssertionError",
-            "Expected power-of-two alignment for aligned_alloca, got {0}",
-            [Some(alignment), None, None],
-            ctx.current_loc,
-        );
-    }
-
-    let buffer_size = round_up(ctx, size, alignment);
-    let aligned_slices = ctx.builder.build_int_unsigned_div(buffer_size, alignment, "").unwrap();
-
-    // Just to be absolutely sure, alloca in [i8 x alignment] slices
-    let buffer = ctx.builder.build_array_alloca(align_ty, aligned_slices, "").unwrap();
-
-    ctx.builder
-        .build_bit_cast(buffer, llvm_pi8, name.unwrap_or_default())
-        .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
-        .unwrap()
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/numpy.rs

@@ -1,40 +1,63 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    types::{AnyTypeEnum, BasicType, BasicTypeEnum, PointerType},
-    values::{BasicValue, BasicValueEnum, IntValue, PointerValue},
-    AddressSpace, IntPredicate, OptimizationLevel,
-};
-use itertools::Itertools;
-
-use nac3parser::ast::{Operator, StrRef};
-
-use super::{
+use crate::{
+    codegen::{
+        classes::{
+            ArrayLikeIndexer, ArrayLikeValue, ListType, ListValue, NDArrayType, NDArrayValue,
+            ProxyType, ProxyValue, TypedArrayLikeAccessor, TypedArrayLikeAdapter,
+            TypedArrayLikeMutator, UntypedArrayLikeAccessor, UntypedArrayLikeMutator,
+        },
         expr::gen_binop_expr_with_values,
         irrt::{
-        calculate_len_for_slice_range,
-        ndarray::{
-            call_ndarray_calc_broadcast, call_ndarray_calc_broadcast_index,
-            call_ndarray_calc_nd_indices, call_ndarray_calc_size,
-        },
+            calculate_len_for_slice_range, call_ndarray_calc_broadcast,
+            call_ndarray_calc_broadcast_index, call_ndarray_calc_nd_indices,
+            call_ndarray_calc_size,
         },
         llvm_intrinsics::{self, call_memcpy_generic},
         macros::codegen_unreachable,
         stmt::{gen_for_callback_incrementing, gen_for_range_callback, gen_if_else_expr_callback},
-    types::{ndarray::NDArrayType, ListType, ProxyType},
-    values::{
-        ndarray::NDArrayValue, ArrayLikeIndexer, ArrayLikeValue, ListValue, ProxyValue,
-        TypedArrayLikeAccessor, TypedArrayLikeAdapter, TypedArrayLikeMutator,
-        UntypedArrayLikeAccessor, UntypedArrayLikeMutator,
-    },
         CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-};
-use crate::{
+    },
     symbol_resolver::ValueEnum,
-    toplevel::{helper::PrimDef, numpy::unpack_ndarray_var_tys, DefinitionId},
+    toplevel::{
+        helper::PrimDef,
+        numpy::{make_ndarray_ty, unpack_ndarray_var_tys},
+        DefinitionId,
+    },
     typecheck::{
         magic_methods::Binop,
         typedef::{FunSignature, Type, TypeEnum},
     },
 };
+use inkwell::{
+    types::BasicType,
+    values::{BasicValueEnum, IntValue, PointerValue},
+    AddressSpace, IntPredicate, OptimizationLevel,
+};
+use inkwell::{
+    types::{AnyTypeEnum, BasicTypeEnum, PointerType},
+    values::BasicValue,
+};
+use nac3parser::ast::{Operator, StrRef};
+
+/// Creates an uninitialized `NDArray` instance.
+fn create_ndarray_uninitialized<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    elem_ty: Type,
+) -> Result<NDArrayValue<'ctx>, String> {
+    let ndarray_ty = make_ndarray_ty(&mut ctx.unifier, &ctx.primitives, Some(elem_ty), None);
+
+    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+
+    let llvm_ndarray_t = ctx
+        .get_llvm_type(generator, ndarray_ty)
+        .into_pointer_type()
+        .get_element_type()
+        .into_struct_type();
+
+    let ndarray = generator.gen_var_alloc(ctx, llvm_ndarray_t.into(), None)?;
+
+    Ok(NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(ndarray, llvm_usize, None))
+}
 
 /// Creates an `NDArray` instance from a dynamic shape.
 ///
@@ -61,7 +84,6 @@ where
     ) -> Result<IntValue<'ctx>, String>,
 {
     let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let llvm_elem_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
 
     // Assert that all dimensions are non-negative
     let shape_len = shape_len_fn(generator, ctx, shape)?;
@@ -94,17 +116,20 @@ where
                 ctx.current_loc,
             );
 
-            // TODO: Disallow shape > u32_MAX
+            // TODO: Disallow dim_sz > u32_MAX
 
             Ok(())
         },
         llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
     )?;
 
-    let num_dims = shape_len_fn(generator, ctx, shape)?;
+    let ndarray = create_ndarray_uninitialized(generator, ctx, elem_ty)?;
 
-    let ndarray = NDArrayType::new(generator, ctx.ctx, llvm_elem_ty, None)
-        .construct_dyn_ndims(generator, ctx, num_dims, None);
+    let num_dims = shape_len_fn(generator, ctx, shape)?;
+    ndarray.store_ndims(ctx, generator, num_dims);
+
+    let ndarray_num_dims = ndarray.load_ndims(ctx);
+    ndarray.create_dim_sizes(ctx, llvm_usize, ndarray_num_dims);
 
     // Copy the dimension sizes from shape to ndarray.dims
     let shape_len = shape_len_fn(generator, ctx, shape)?;
@@ -120,7 +145,7 @@ where
             let shape_dim = ctx.builder.build_int_z_extend(shape_dim, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
 
             let ndarray_pdim =
-                unsafe { ndarray.shape().ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, &i, None) };
+                unsafe { ndarray.dim_sizes().ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, &i, None) };
 
             ctx.builder.build_store(ndarray_pdim, shape_dim).unwrap();
 
@@ -129,7 +154,7 @@ where
         llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
     )?;
 
-    unsafe { ndarray.create_data(generator, ctx) };
+    let ndarray = ndarray_init_data(generator, ctx, elem_ty, ndarray);
 
     Ok(ndarray)
 }
@@ -162,18 +187,57 @@ pub fn create_ndarray_const_shape<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             ctx.current_loc,
         );
 
-        // TODO: Disallow shape > u32_MAX
+        // TODO: Disallow dim_sz > u32_MAX
     }
 
-    let llvm_dtype = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
+    let ndarray = create_ndarray_uninitialized(generator, ctx, elem_ty)?;
 
-    let ndarray = NDArrayType::new(generator, ctx.ctx, llvm_dtype, Some(shape.len() as u64))
-        .construct_dyn_shape(generator, ctx, shape, None);
-    unsafe { ndarray.create_data(generator, ctx) };
+    let num_dims = llvm_usize.const_int(shape.len() as u64, false);
+    ndarray.store_ndims(ctx, generator, num_dims);
+
+    let ndarray_num_dims = ndarray.load_ndims(ctx);
+    ndarray.create_dim_sizes(ctx, llvm_usize, ndarray_num_dims);
+
+    for (i, &shape_dim) in shape.iter().enumerate() {
+        let shape_dim = ctx.builder.build_int_z_extend(shape_dim, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
+        let ndarray_dim = unsafe {
+            ndarray.dim_sizes().ptr_offset_unchecked(
+                ctx,
+                generator,
+                &llvm_usize.const_int(i as u64, true),
+                None,
+            )
+        };
+
+        ctx.builder.build_store(ndarray_dim, shape_dim).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    let ndarray = ndarray_init_data(generator, ctx, elem_ty, ndarray);
 
     Ok(ndarray)
 }
 
+/// Initializes the `data` field of [`NDArrayValue`] based on the `ndims` and `dim_sz` fields.
+fn ndarray_init_data<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
+    generator: &mut G,
+    ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    elem_ty: Type,
+    ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
+) -> NDArrayValue<'ctx> {
+    let llvm_ndarray_data_t = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty).as_basic_type_enum();
+    assert!(llvm_ndarray_data_t.is_sized());
+
+    let ndarray_num_elems = call_ndarray_calc_size(
+        generator,
+        ctx,
+        &ndarray.dim_sizes().as_slice_value(ctx, generator),
+        (None, None),
+    );
+    ndarray.create_data(ctx, llvm_ndarray_data_t, ndarray_num_elems);
+
+    ndarray
+}
+
 fn ndarray_zero_value<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     generator: &mut G,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
@@ -252,11 +316,11 @@ fn call_ndarray_empty_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 
     match shape {
         BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(shape_list_ptr)
-            if ListValue::is_representable(shape_list_ptr, llvm_usize).is_ok() =>
+            if ListValue::is_instance(shape_list_ptr, llvm_usize).is_ok() =>
         {
             // 1. A list of ints; e.g., `np.empty([600, 800, 3])`
 
-            let shape_list = ListValue::from_pointer_value(shape_list_ptr, llvm_usize, None);
+            let shape_list = ListValue::from_ptr_val(shape_list_ptr, llvm_usize, None);
             create_ndarray_dyn_shape(
                 generator,
                 ctx,
@@ -275,24 +339,20 @@ fn call_ndarray_empty_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             // Get the length/size of the tuple, which also happens to be the value of `ndims`.
             let ndims = shape_tuple.get_type().count_fields();
 
-            let shape = (0..ndims)
-                .map(|dim_i| {
-                    ctx.builder
+            let mut shape = Vec::with_capacity(ndims as usize);
+            for dim_i in 0..ndims {
+                let dim = ctx
+                    .builder
                     .build_extract_value(shape_tuple, dim_i, format!("dim{dim_i}").as_str())
-                        .map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value)
-                        .map(|v| {
-                            ctx.builder.build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(v, llvm_usize, "").unwrap()
-                        })
                     .unwrap()
-                })
-                .collect_vec();
+                    .into_int_value();
 
+                shape.push(dim);
+            }
             create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, shape.as_slice())
         }
         BasicValueEnum::IntValue(shape_int) => {
             // 3. A scalar int; e.g., `np.empty(3)`, this is functionally equivalent to `np.empty([3])`
-            let shape_int =
-                ctx.builder.build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(shape_int, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
 
             create_ndarray_const_shape(generator, ctx, elem_ty, &[shape_int])
         }
@@ -321,7 +381,7 @@ where
     let ndarray_num_elems = call_ndarray_calc_size(
         generator,
         ctx,
-        &ndarray.shape().as_slice_value(ctx, generator),
+        &ndarray.dim_sizes().as_slice_value(ctx, generator),
         (None, None),
     );
 
@@ -415,8 +475,8 @@ fn ndarray_broadcast_fill<'ctx, 'a, G, ValueFn>(
     generator: &mut G,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
     res: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-    (lhs_ty, lhs_val, lhs_scalar): (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, bool),
-    (rhs_ty, rhs_val, rhs_scalar): (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, bool),
+    lhs: (BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, bool),
+    rhs: (BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, bool),
     value_fn: ValueFn,
 ) -> Result<NDArrayValue<'ctx>, String>
 where
@@ -427,6 +487,11 @@ where
         (BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
     ) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String>,
 {
+    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+
+    let (lhs_val, lhs_scalar) = lhs;
+    let (rhs_val, rhs_scalar) = rhs;
+
     assert!(
         !(lhs_scalar && rhs_scalar),
         "One of the operands must be a ndarray instance: `{}`, `{}`",
@@ -436,14 +501,12 @@ where
 
     // Assert that all ndarray operands are broadcastable to the target size
     if !lhs_scalar {
-        let lhs_val = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, lhs_ty)
-            .map_value(lhs_val.into_pointer_value(), None);
+        let lhs_val = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(lhs_val.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
         ndarray_assert_is_broadcastable(generator, ctx, res, lhs_val);
     }
 
     if !rhs_scalar {
-        let rhs_val = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, rhs_ty)
-            .map_value(rhs_val.into_pointer_value(), None);
+        let rhs_val = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(rhs_val.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
         ndarray_assert_is_broadcastable(generator, ctx, res, rhs_val);
     }
 
@@ -451,8 +514,7 @@ where
         let lhs_elem = if lhs_scalar {
             lhs_val
         } else {
-            let lhs = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, lhs_ty)
-                .map_value(lhs_val.into_pointer_value(), None);
+            let lhs = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(lhs_val.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
             let lhs_idx = call_ndarray_calc_broadcast_index(generator, ctx, lhs, idx);
 
             unsafe { lhs.data().get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &lhs_idx, None) }
@@ -461,8 +523,7 @@ where
         let rhs_elem = if rhs_scalar {
             rhs_val
         } else {
-            let rhs = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, rhs_ty)
-                .map_value(rhs_val.into_pointer_value(), None);
+            let rhs = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(rhs_val.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
             let rhs_idx = call_ndarray_calc_broadcast_index(generator, ctx, rhs, idx);
 
             unsafe { rhs.data().get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &rhs_idx, None) }
@@ -588,15 +649,11 @@ fn llvm_ndlist_get_ndims<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 
     let ndims = llvm_usize.const_int(1, false);
     match list_elem_ty {
-        AnyTypeEnum::PointerType(ptr_ty)
-            if ListType::is_representable(ptr_ty, llvm_usize).is_ok() =>
-        {
+        AnyTypeEnum::PointerType(ptr_ty) if ListType::is_type(ptr_ty, llvm_usize).is_ok() => {
             ndims.const_add(llvm_ndlist_get_ndims(generator, ctx, ptr_ty))
         }
 
-        AnyTypeEnum::PointerType(ptr_ty)
-            if NDArrayType::is_representable(ptr_ty, llvm_usize).is_ok() =>
-        {
+        AnyTypeEnum::PointerType(ptr_ty) if NDArrayType::is_type(ptr_ty, llvm_usize).is_ok() => {
             todo!("Getting ndims for list[ndarray] not supported")
         }
 
@@ -608,18 +665,16 @@ fn llvm_ndlist_get_ndims<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 fn llvm_arraylike_get_ndims<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     generator: &mut G,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    (ty, value): (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
+    value: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
 ) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
     let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
 
     match value {
-        BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(v)
-            if NDArrayValue::is_representable(v, llvm_usize).is_ok() =>
-        {
-            NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, ty).map_value(v, None).load_ndims(ctx)
+        BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(v) if NDArrayValue::is_instance(v, llvm_usize).is_ok() => {
+            NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(v, llvm_usize, None).load_ndims(ctx)
         }
 
-        BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(v) if ListValue::is_representable(v, llvm_usize).is_ok() => {
+        BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(v) if ListValue::is_instance(v, llvm_usize).is_ok() => {
             llvm_ndlist_get_ndims(generator, ctx, v.get_type())
         }
 
@@ -631,6 +686,7 @@ fn llvm_arraylike_get_ndims<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 fn ndarray_from_ndlist_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     generator: &mut G,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    elem_ty: Type,
     (dst_arr, dst_slice_ptr): (NDArrayValue<'ctx>, PointerValue<'ctx>),
     src_lst: ListValue<'ctx>,
     dim: u64,
@@ -641,15 +697,13 @@ fn ndarray_from_ndlist_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     let list_elem_ty = src_lst.get_type().element_type();
 
     match list_elem_ty {
-        AnyTypeEnum::PointerType(ptr_ty)
-            if ListType::is_representable(ptr_ty, llvm_usize).is_ok() =>
-        {
+        AnyTypeEnum::PointerType(ptr_ty) if ListType::is_type(ptr_ty, llvm_usize).is_ok() => {
             // The stride of elements in this dimension, i.e. the number of elements between arr[i]
             // and arr[i + 1] in this dimension
             let stride = call_ndarray_calc_size(
                 generator,
                 ctx,
-                &dst_arr.shape(),
+                &dst_arr.dim_sizes(),
                 (Some(llvm_usize.const_int(dim + 1, false)), None),
             );
 
@@ -663,25 +717,11 @@ fn ndarray_from_ndlist_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                 |_, _| Ok(llvm_usize.const_int(1, false)),
                 |generator, ctx, _, i| {
                     let offset = ctx.builder.build_int_mul(stride, i, "").unwrap();
-                    let offset = ctx
-                        .builder
-                        .build_int_mul(
-                            offset,
-                            ctx.builder
-                                .build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(
-                                    dst_arr.get_type().element_type().size_of().unwrap(),
-                                    offset.get_type(),
-                                    "",
-                                )
-                                .unwrap(),
-                            "",
-                        )
-                        .unwrap();
 
                     let dst_ptr =
                         unsafe { ctx.builder.build_gep(dst_slice_ptr, &[offset], "").unwrap() };
 
-                    let nested_lst_elem = ListValue::from_pointer_value(
+                    let nested_lst_elem = ListValue::from_ptr_val(
                         unsafe { src_lst.data().get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &i, None) }
                             .into_pointer_value(),
                         llvm_usize,
@@ -691,6 +731,7 @@ fn ndarray_from_ndlist_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                     ndarray_from_ndlist_impl(
                         generator,
                         ctx,
+                        elem_ty,
                         (dst_arr, dst_ptr),
                         nested_lst_elem,
                         dim + 1,
@@ -701,17 +742,14 @@ fn ndarray_from_ndlist_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             )?;
         }
 
-        AnyTypeEnum::PointerType(ptr_ty)
-            if NDArrayType::is_representable(ptr_ty, llvm_usize).is_ok() =>
-        {
+        AnyTypeEnum::PointerType(ptr_ty) if NDArrayType::is_type(ptr_ty, llvm_usize).is_ok() => {
             todo!("Not implemented for list[ndarray]")
         }
 
         _ => {
             let lst_len = src_lst.load_size(ctx, None);
-            let sizeof_elem = dst_arr.get_type().element_type().size_of().unwrap();
-            let sizeof_elem =
-                ctx.builder.build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(sizeof_elem, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
+            let sizeof_elem = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty).size_of().unwrap();
+            let sizeof_elem = ctx.builder.build_int_cast(sizeof_elem, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
 
             let cpy_len = ctx
                 .builder
@@ -765,9 +803,8 @@ fn call_ndarray_array_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     let object = object.into_pointer_value();
 
     // object is an NDArray instance - copy object unless copy=0 && ndmin < object.ndims
-    if NDArrayValue::is_representable(object, llvm_usize).is_ok() {
-        let llvm_elem_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
-        let object = NDArrayValue::from_pointer_value(object, llvm_elem_ty, None, llvm_usize, None);
+    if NDArrayValue::is_instance(object, llvm_usize).is_ok() {
+        let object = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(object, llvm_usize, None);
 
         let ndarray = gen_if_else_expr_callback(
             generator,
@@ -829,6 +866,7 @@ fn call_ndarray_array_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                 ndarray_sliced_copyto_impl(
                     generator,
                     ctx,
+                    elem_ty,
                     (ndarray, ndarray.data().base_ptr(ctx, generator)),
                     (object, object.data().base_ptr(ctx, generator)),
                     0,
@@ -840,18 +878,16 @@ fn call_ndarray_array_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             |_, _| Ok(Some(object.as_base_value())),
         )?;
 
-        return Ok(NDArrayValue::from_pointer_value(
+        return Ok(NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(
             ndarray.map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value).unwrap(),
-            llvm_elem_ty,
-            None,
             llvm_usize,
             None,
         ));
     }
 
     // Remaining case: TList
-    assert!(ListValue::is_representable(object, llvm_usize).is_ok());
-    let object = ListValue::from_pointer_value(object, llvm_usize, None);
+    assert!(ListValue::is_instance(object, llvm_usize).is_ok());
+    let object = ListValue::from_ptr_val(object, llvm_usize, None);
 
     // The number of dimensions to prepend 1's to
     let ndims = llvm_ndlist_get_ndims(generator, ctx, object.as_base_value().get_type());
@@ -906,7 +942,7 @@ fn call_ndarray_array_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                         .build_store(
                             lst,
                             ctx.builder
-                                .build_bit_cast(object.as_base_value(), llvm_plist_i8, "")
+                                .build_bitcast(object.as_base_value(), llvm_plist_i8, "")
                                 .unwrap(),
                         )
                         .unwrap();
@@ -928,11 +964,10 @@ fn call_ndarray_array_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                                 .builder
                                 .build_load(lst, "")
                                 .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
-                                .map(|v| ctx.builder.build_bit_cast(v, plist_plist_i8, "").unwrap())
+                                .map(|v| ctx.builder.build_bitcast(v, plist_plist_i8, "").unwrap())
                                 .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
                                 .unwrap();
-                            let this_dim =
-                                ListValue::from_pointer_value(this_dim, llvm_usize, None);
+                            let this_dim = ListValue::from_ptr_val(this_dim, llvm_usize, None);
 
                             // TODO: Assert this_dim.sz != 0
 
@@ -948,9 +983,7 @@ fn call_ndarray_array_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                             ctx.builder
                                 .build_store(
                                     lst,
-                                    ctx.builder
-                                        .build_bit_cast(next_dim, llvm_plist_i8, "")
-                                        .unwrap(),
+                                    ctx.builder.build_bitcast(next_dim, llvm_plist_i8, "").unwrap(),
                                 )
                                 .unwrap();
 
@@ -958,7 +991,7 @@ fn call_ndarray_array_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                         },
                     )?;
 
-                    let lst = ListValue::from_pointer_value(
+                    let lst = ListValue::from_ptr_val(
                         ctx.builder
                             .build_load(lst, "")
                             .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
@@ -978,6 +1011,7 @@ fn call_ndarray_array_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     ndarray_from_ndlist_impl(
         generator,
         ctx,
+        elem_ty,
         (ndarray, ndarray.data().base_ptr(ctx, generator)),
         object,
         0,
@@ -1037,7 +1071,7 @@ fn call_ndarray_eye_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 
 /// Copies a slice of an [`NDArrayValue`] to another.
 ///
-/// - `dst_arr`: The [`NDArrayValue`] instance of the destination array. The `ndims` and `shape`
+/// - `dst_arr`: The [`NDArrayValue`] instance of the destination array. The `ndims` and `dim_sz`
 ///   fields should be populated before calling this function.
 /// - `dst_slice_ptr`: The [`PointerValue`] to the first element of the currently processing
 ///   dimensional slice in the destination array.
@@ -1050,6 +1084,7 @@ fn call_ndarray_eye_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 fn ndarray_sliced_copyto_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     generator: &mut G,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
+    elem_ty: Type,
     (dst_arr, dst_slice_ptr): (NDArrayValue<'ctx>, PointerValue<'ctx>),
     (src_arr, src_slice_ptr): (NDArrayValue<'ctx>, PointerValue<'ctx>),
     dim: u64,
@@ -1058,16 +1093,14 @@ fn ndarray_sliced_copyto_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     let llvm_i1 = ctx.ctx.bool_type();
     let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
 
-    assert_eq!(dst_arr.get_type().element_type(), src_arr.get_type().element_type());
-
-    let sizeof_elem = dst_arr.get_type().element_type().size_of().unwrap();
-
     // If there are no (remaining) slice expressions, memcpy the entire dimension
     if slices.is_empty() {
+        let sizeof_elem = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty).size_of().unwrap();
+
         let stride = call_ndarray_calc_size(
             generator,
             ctx,
-            &src_arr.shape(),
+            &src_arr.dim_sizes(),
             (Some(llvm_usize.const_int(dim, false)), None),
         );
         let stride =
@@ -1085,13 +1118,13 @@ fn ndarray_sliced_copyto_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     let src_stride = call_ndarray_calc_size(
         generator,
         ctx,
-        &src_arr.shape(),
+        &src_arr.dim_sizes(),
         (Some(llvm_usize.const_int(dim + 1, false)), None),
     );
     let dst_stride = call_ndarray_calc_size(
         generator,
         ctx,
-        &dst_arr.shape(),
+        &dst_arr.dim_sizes(),
         (Some(llvm_usize.const_int(dim + 1, false)), None),
     );
 
@@ -1114,29 +1147,9 @@ fn ndarray_sliced_copyto_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
         |generator, ctx, _, src_i| {
             // Calculate the offset of the active slice
             let src_data_offset = ctx.builder.build_int_mul(src_stride, src_i, "").unwrap();
-            let src_data_offset = ctx
-                .builder
-                .build_int_mul(
-                    src_data_offset,
-                    ctx.builder
-                        .build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(sizeof_elem, src_data_offset.get_type(), "")
-                        .unwrap(),
-                    "",
-                )
-                .unwrap();
             let dst_i =
                 ctx.builder.build_load(dst_i_addr, "").map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value).unwrap();
             let dst_data_offset = ctx.builder.build_int_mul(dst_stride, dst_i, "").unwrap();
-            let dst_data_offset = ctx
-                .builder
-                .build_int_mul(
-                    dst_data_offset,
-                    ctx.builder
-                        .build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(sizeof_elem, dst_data_offset.get_type(), "")
-                        .unwrap(),
-                    "",
-                )
-                .unwrap();
 
             let (src_ptr, dst_ptr) = unsafe {
                 (
@@ -1148,6 +1161,7 @@ fn ndarray_sliced_copyto_impl<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             ndarray_sliced_copyto_impl(
                 generator,
                 ctx,
+                elem_ty,
                 (dst_arr, dst_ptr),
                 (src_arr, src_ptr),
                 dim + 1,
@@ -1181,10 +1195,8 @@ pub fn ndarray_sliced_copy<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 ) -> Result<NDArrayValue<'ctx>, String> {
     let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
     let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-    let llvm_elem_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, elem_ty);
 
-    let ndarray =
-        if slices.is_empty() {
+    let ndarray = if slices.is_empty() {
         create_ndarray_dyn_shape(
             generator,
             ctx,
@@ -1192,12 +1204,15 @@ pub fn ndarray_sliced_copy<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             &this,
             |_, ctx, shape| Ok(shape.load_ndims(ctx)),
             |generator, ctx, shape, idx| unsafe {
-                    Ok(shape.shape().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, None))
+                Ok(shape.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, None))
             },
         )?
     } else {
-            let ndarray = NDArrayType::new(generator, ctx.ctx, llvm_elem_ty, None)
-                .construct_dyn_ndims(generator, ctx, this.load_ndims(ctx), None);
+        let ndarray = create_ndarray_uninitialized(generator, ctx, elem_ty)?;
+        ndarray.store_ndims(ctx, generator, this.load_ndims(ctx));
+
+        let ndims = this.load_ndims(ctx);
+        ndarray.create_dim_sizes(ctx, llvm_usize, ndims);
 
         // Populate the first slices.len() dimensions by computing the size of each dim slice
         for (i, (start, stop, step)) in slices.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -1229,7 +1244,7 @@ pub fn ndarray_sliced_copy<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                 ctx.builder.build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(slice_len, llvm_usize, "").unwrap();
 
             unsafe {
-                    ndarray.shape().set_typed_unchecked(
+                ndarray.dim_sizes().set_typed_unchecked(
                     ctx,
                     generator,
                     &llvm_usize.const_int(i as u64, false),
@@ -1247,8 +1262,8 @@ pub fn ndarray_sliced_copy<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
             (this.load_ndims(ctx), false),
             |generator, ctx, _, idx| {
                 unsafe {
-                        let shape = this.shape().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, None);
-                        ndarray.shape().set_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, shape);
+                    let dim_sz = this.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, None);
+                    ndarray.dim_sizes().set_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, dim_sz);
                 }
 
                 Ok(())
@@ -1257,14 +1272,13 @@ pub fn ndarray_sliced_copy<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-            unsafe { ndarray.create_data(generator, ctx) };
-
-            ndarray
+        ndarray_init_data(generator, ctx, elem_ty, ndarray)
     };
 
     ndarray_sliced_copyto_impl(
         generator,
         ctx,
+        elem_ty,
         (ndarray, ndarray.data().base_ptr(ctx, generator)),
         (this, this.data().base_ptr(ctx, generator)),
         0,
@@ -1310,7 +1324,7 @@ where
             &operand,
             |_, ctx, v| Ok(v.load_ndims(ctx)),
             |generator, ctx, v, idx| unsafe {
-                Ok(v.shape().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, None))
+                Ok(v.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, None))
             },
         )
         .unwrap()
@@ -1347,8 +1361,8 @@ pub fn ndarray_elementwise_binop_impl<'ctx, 'a, G, ValueFn>(
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
     elem_ty: Type,
     res: Option<NDArrayValue<'ctx>>,
-    lhs: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, bool),
-    rhs: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, bool),
+    lhs: (BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, bool),
+    rhs: (BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, bool),
     value_fn: ValueFn,
 ) -> Result<NDArrayValue<'ctx>, String>
 where
@@ -1359,8 +1373,10 @@ where
         (BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
     ) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String>,
 {
-    let (lhs_ty, lhs_val, lhs_scalar) = lhs;
-    let (rhs_ty, rhs_val, rhs_scalar) = rhs;
+    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
+
+    let (lhs_val, lhs_scalar) = lhs;
+    let (rhs_val, rhs_scalar) = rhs;
 
     assert!(
         !(lhs_scalar && rhs_scalar),
@@ -1371,10 +1387,10 @@ where
 
     let ndarray = res.unwrap_or_else(|| {
         if lhs_scalar && rhs_scalar {
-            let lhs_val = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, lhs_ty)
-                .map_value(lhs_val.into_pointer_value(), None);
-            let rhs_val = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, rhs_ty)
-                .map_value(rhs_val.into_pointer_value(), None);
+            let lhs_val =
+                NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(lhs_val.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
+            let rhs_val =
+                NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(rhs_val.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None);
 
             let ndarray_dims = call_ndarray_calc_broadcast(generator, ctx, lhs_val, rhs_val);
 
@@ -1390,12 +1406,11 @@ where
             )
             .unwrap()
         } else {
-            let ndarray = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(
-                generator,
-                ctx,
-                if lhs_scalar { rhs_ty } else { lhs_ty },
-            )
-            .map_value(if lhs_scalar { rhs_val } else { lhs_val }.into_pointer_value(), None);
+            let ndarray = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(
+                if lhs_scalar { rhs_val } else { lhs_val }.into_pointer_value(),
+                llvm_usize,
+                None,
+            );
 
             create_ndarray_dyn_shape(
                 generator,
@@ -1404,7 +1419,7 @@ where
                 &ndarray,
                 |_, ctx, v| Ok(v.load_ndims(ctx)),
                 |generator, ctx, v, idx| unsafe {
-                    Ok(v.shape().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, None))
+                    Ok(v.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &idx, None))
                 },
             )
             .unwrap()
@@ -1465,10 +1480,10 @@ pub fn ndarray_matmul_2d<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
         if let Some(res) = res {
             let res_ndims = res.load_ndims(ctx);
             let res_dim0 = unsafe {
-                res.shape().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
+                res.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
             };
             let res_dim1 = unsafe {
-                res.shape().get_typed_unchecked(
+                res.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(
                     ctx,
                     generator,
                     &llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
@@ -1476,10 +1491,10 @@ pub fn ndarray_matmul_2d<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                 )
             };
             let lhs_dim0 = unsafe {
-                lhs.shape().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
+                lhs.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
             };
             let rhs_dim1 = unsafe {
-                rhs.shape().get_typed_unchecked(
+                rhs.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(
                     ctx,
                     generator,
                     &llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
@@ -1528,10 +1543,15 @@ pub fn ndarray_matmul_2d<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
 
     if ctx.registry.llvm_options.opt_level == OptimizationLevel::None {
         let lhs_dim1 = unsafe {
-            lhs.shape().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_int(1, false), None)
+            lhs.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(
+                ctx,
+                generator,
+                &llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
+                None,
+            )
         };
         let rhs_dim0 = unsafe {
-            rhs.shape().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
+            rhs.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
         };
 
         // lhs.dims[1] == rhs.dims[0]
@@ -1570,7 +1590,7 @@ pub fn ndarray_matmul_2d<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                     },
                     |generator, ctx| {
                         Ok(Some(unsafe {
-                            lhs.shape().get_typed_unchecked(
+                            lhs.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(
                                 ctx,
                                 generator,
                                 &llvm_usize.const_zero(),
@@ -1580,7 +1600,7 @@ pub fn ndarray_matmul_2d<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                     },
                     |generator, ctx| {
                         Ok(Some(unsafe {
-                            rhs.shape().get_typed_unchecked(
+                            rhs.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(
                                 ctx,
                                 generator,
                                 &llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
@@ -1607,7 +1627,7 @@ pub fn ndarray_matmul_2d<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
 
         let common_dim = {
             let lhs_idx1 = unsafe {
-                lhs.shape().get_typed_unchecked(
+                lhs.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(
                     ctx,
                     generator,
                     &llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
@@ -1615,7 +1635,7 @@ pub fn ndarray_matmul_2d<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                 )
             };
             let rhs_idx0 = unsafe {
-                rhs.shape().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
+                rhs.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
             };
 
             let idx = llvm_intrinsics::call_expect(ctx, rhs_idx0, lhs_idx1, None);
@@ -1939,18 +1959,18 @@ pub fn gen_ndarray_copy<'ctx>(
     assert!(obj.is_some());
     assert!(args.is_empty());
 
+    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(context.ctx);
+
     let this_ty = obj.as_ref().unwrap().0;
     let (this_elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut context.unifier, this_ty);
     let this_arg =
         obj.as_ref().unwrap().1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(context, generator, this_ty)?;
 
-    let llvm_this_ty = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, context, this_ty);
-
     ndarray_copy_impl(
         generator,
         context,
         this_elem_ty,
-        llvm_this_ty.map_value(this_arg.into_pointer_value(), None),
+        NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(this_arg.into_pointer_value(), llvm_usize, None),
     )
     .map(NDArrayValue::into)
 }
@@ -1966,6 +1986,8 @@ pub fn gen_ndarray_fill<'ctx>(
     assert!(obj.is_some());
     assert_eq!(args.len(), 1);
 
+    let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(context.ctx);
+
     let this_ty = obj.as_ref().unwrap().0;
     let this_arg = obj
         .as_ref()
@@ -1977,12 +1999,10 @@ pub fn gen_ndarray_fill<'ctx>(
     let value_ty = fun.0.args[0].ty;
     let value_arg = args[0].1.clone().to_basic_value_enum(context, generator, value_ty)?;
 
-    let llvm_this_ty = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, context, this_ty);
-
     ndarray_fill_flattened(
         generator,
         context,
-        llvm_this_ty.map_value(this_arg, None),
+        NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(this_arg, llvm_usize, None),
         |generator, ctx, _| {
             let value = if value_arg.is_pointer_value() {
                 let llvm_i1 = ctx.ctx.bool_type();
@@ -2015,17 +2035,16 @@ pub fn gen_ndarray_fill<'ctx>(
 pub fn ndarray_transpose<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
     generator: &mut G,
     ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    (x1_ty, x1): (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
+    x1: (Type, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
 ) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
     const FN_NAME: &str = "ndarray_transpose";
-
+    let (x1_ty, x1) = x1;
     let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
 
     if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n1) = x1 {
-        let llvm_ndarray_ty = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, x1_ty);
         let (elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x1_ty);
-        let n1 = llvm_ndarray_ty.map_value(n1, None);
-        let n_sz = call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &n1.shape(), (None, None));
+        let n1 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n1, llvm_usize, None);
+        let n_sz = call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &n1.dim_sizes(), (None, None));
 
         // Dimensions are reversed in the transposed array
         let out = create_ndarray_dyn_shape(
@@ -2040,7 +2059,7 @@ pub fn ndarray_transpose<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                     .builder
                     .build_int_sub(new_idx, new_idx.get_type().const_int(1, false), "")
                     .unwrap();
-                unsafe { Ok(n.shape().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &new_idx, None)) }
+                unsafe { Ok(n.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &new_idx, None)) }
             },
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -2077,7 +2096,7 @@ pub fn ndarray_transpose<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                             .build_int_sub(ndim_rev, llvm_usize.const_int(1, false), "")
                             .unwrap();
                         let dim = unsafe {
-                            n1.shape().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &ndim_rev, None)
+                            n1.dim_sizes().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &ndim_rev, None)
                         };
 
                         let rem_idx_val =
@@ -2143,9 +2162,8 @@ pub fn ndarray_reshape<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 
     if let BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n1) = x1 {
         let (elem_ty, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, x1_ty);
-        let llvm_ndarray_ty = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, x1_ty);
-        let n1 = llvm_ndarray_ty.map_value(n1, None);
-        let n_sz = call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &n1.shape(), (None, None));
+        let n1 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n1, llvm_usize, None);
+        let n_sz = call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &n1.dim_sizes(), (None, None));
 
         let acc = generator.gen_var_alloc(ctx, llvm_usize.into(), None)?;
         let num_neg = generator.gen_var_alloc(ctx, llvm_usize.into(), None)?;
@@ -2154,11 +2172,11 @@ pub fn ndarray_reshape<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 
         let out = match shape {
             BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(shape_list_ptr)
-                if ListValue::is_representable(shape_list_ptr, llvm_usize).is_ok() =>
+                if ListValue::is_instance(shape_list_ptr, llvm_usize).is_ok() =>
             {
                 // 1. A list of ints; e.g., `np.reshape(arr, [int64(600), int64(800, -1])`
 
-                let shape_list = ListValue::from_pointer_value(shape_list_ptr, llvm_usize, None);
+                let shape_list = ListValue::from_ptr_val(shape_list_ptr, llvm_usize, None);
                 // Check for -1 in dimensions
                 gen_for_callback_incrementing(
                     generator,
@@ -2373,7 +2391,7 @@ pub fn ndarray_reshape<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
         );
 
         // The new shape must be compatible with the old shape
-        let out_sz = call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &out.shape(), (None, None));
+        let out_sz = call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &out.dim_sizes(), (None, None));
         ctx.make_assert(
             generator,
             ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::EQ, out_sz, n_sz, "").unwrap(),
@@ -2421,17 +2439,17 @@ pub fn ndarray_dot<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
 ) -> Result<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, String> {
     const FN_NAME: &str = "ndarray_dot";
     let (x1_ty, x1) = x1;
-    let (x2_ty, x2) = x2;
+    let (_, x2) = x2;
 
     let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
 
     match (x1, x2) {
         (BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n1), BasicValueEnum::PointerValue(n2)) => {
-            let n1 = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, x1_ty).map_value(n1, None);
-            let n2 = NDArrayType::from_unifier_type(generator, ctx, x2_ty).map_value(n2, None);
+            let n1 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n1, llvm_usize, None);
+            let n2 = NDArrayValue::from_ptr_val(n2, llvm_usize, None);
 
-            let n1_sz = call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &n1.shape(), (None, None));
-            let n2_sz = call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &n1.shape(), (None, None));
+            let n1_sz = call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &n1.dim_sizes(), (None, None));
+            let n2_sz = call_ndarray_calc_size(generator, ctx, &n1.dim_sizes(), (None, None));
 
             ctx.make_assert(
                 generator,
@@ -2468,7 +2486,7 @@ pub fn ndarray_dot<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                             .build_float_mul(e1, elem2.into_float_value(), "")
                             .unwrap()
                             .as_basic_value_enum(),
-                        _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "product: {}", elem1.get_type()),
+                        _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx),
                     };
                     let acc_val = ctx.builder.build_load(acc, "").unwrap();
                     let acc_val = match acc_val {
@@ -2482,7 +2500,7 @@ pub fn ndarray_dot<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
                             .build_float_add(e1, product.into_float_value(), "")
                             .unwrap()
                             .as_basic_value_enum(),
-                        _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx, "acc_val: {}", acc_val.get_type()),
+                        _ => codegen_unreachable!(ctx),
                     };
                     ctx.builder.build_store(acc, acc_val).unwrap();
 

nac3core/src/codegen/stmt.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    attributes::{Attribute, AttributeLoc},
-    basic_block::BasicBlock,
-    types::{BasicType, BasicTypeEnum},
-    values::{BasicValue, BasicValueEnum, FunctionValue, IntValue, PointerValue},
-    IntPredicate,
-};
-use itertools::{izip, Itertools};
-
-use nac3parser::ast::{
-    Constant, ExcepthandlerKind, Expr, ExprKind, Location, Stmt, StmtKind, StrRef,
-};
-
 use super::{
+    classes::{ArrayLikeIndexer, ArraySliceValue, ListValue, RangeValue},
     expr::{destructure_range, gen_binop_expr},
     gen_in_range_check,
     irrt::{handle_slice_indices, list_slice_assignment},
     macros::codegen_unreachable,
-    values::{ArrayLikeIndexer, ArraySliceValue, ListValue, RangeValue},
     CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
 };
 use crate::{
@@ -27,6 +14,17 @@ use crate::{
         typedef::{iter_type_vars, FunSignature, Type, TypeEnum},
     },
 };
+use inkwell::{
+    attributes::{Attribute, AttributeLoc},
+    basic_block::BasicBlock,
+    types::{BasicType, BasicTypeEnum},
+    values::{BasicValue, BasicValueEnum, FunctionValue, IntValue, PointerValue},
+    IntPredicate,
+};
+use itertools::{izip, Itertools};
+use nac3parser::ast::{
+    Constant, ExcepthandlerKind, Expr, ExprKind, Location, Stmt, StmtKind, StrRef,
+};
 
 /// See [`CodeGenerator::gen_var_alloc`].
 pub fn gen_var<'ctx>(
@@ -310,7 +308,7 @@ pub fn gen_setitem<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
                 .unwrap()
                 .to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, target_ty)?
                 .into_pointer_value();
-            let target = ListValue::from_pointer_value(target, llvm_usize, None);
+            let target = ListValue::from_ptr_val(target, llvm_usize, None);
 
             if let ExprKind::Slice { .. } = &key.node {
                 // Handle assigning to a slice
@@ -331,7 +329,7 @@ pub fn gen_setitem<'ctx, G: CodeGenerator>(
 
                 let value =
                     value.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, value_ty)?.into_pointer_value();
-                let value = ListValue::from_pointer_value(value, llvm_usize, None);
+                let value = ListValue::from_ptr_val(value, llvm_usize, None);
 
                 let target_item_ty = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, target_item_ty);
                 let Some(src_ind) = handle_slice_indices(
@@ -463,8 +461,7 @@ pub fn gen_for<G: CodeGenerator>(
         TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, .. }
             if *obj_id == ctx.primitives.range.obj_id(&ctx.unifier).unwrap() =>
         {
-            let iter_val =
-                RangeValue::from_pointer_value(iter_val.into_pointer_value(), Some("range"));
+            let iter_val = RangeValue::from_ptr_val(iter_val.into_pointer_value(), Some("range"));
             // Internal variable for loop; Cannot be assigned
             let i = generator.gen_var_alloc(ctx, int32.into(), Some("for.i.addr"))?;
             // Variable declared in "target" expression of the loop; Can be reassigned *or* shadowed
@@ -1829,37 +1826,6 @@ pub fn gen_stmt<G: CodeGenerator>(
                 stmt.location,
             );
         }
-        StmtKind::Global { names, .. } => {
-            let registered_globals = ctx
-                .top_level
-                .definitions
-                .read()
-                .iter()
-                .filter_map(|def| {
-                    if let TopLevelDef::Variable { simple_name, ty, .. } = &*def.read() {
-                        Some((*simple_name, *ty))
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    }
-                })
-                .collect_vec();
-
-            for id in names {
-                let Some((_, ty)) = registered_globals.iter().find(|(name, _)| name == id) else {
-                    return Err(format!("{id} is not a global at {}", stmt.location));
-                };
-
-                let resolver = ctx.resolver.clone();
-                let ptr = resolver
-                    .get_symbol_value(*id, ctx, generator)
-                    .map(|val| val.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, *ty))
-                    .transpose()?
-                    .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
-                    .unwrap();
-
-                ctx.var_assignment.insert(*id, (ptr, None, 0));
-            }
-        }
         _ => unimplemented!(),
     };
     Ok(())

nac3core/src/codegen/test.rs

@@ -1,37 +1,34 @@
-use std::{
-    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
-    sync::Arc,
-};
-
-use indexmap::IndexMap;
-use indoc::indoc;
-use inkwell::{
-    targets::{InitializationConfig, Target},
-    OptimizationLevel,
-};
-use nac3parser::{
-    ast::{fold::Fold, FileName, StrRef},
-    parser::parse_program,
-};
-use parking_lot::RwLock;
-
-use super::{
-    concrete_type::ConcreteTypeStore,
-    types::{ndarray::NDArrayType, ListType, ProxyType, RangeType},
-    CodeGenContext, CodeGenLLVMOptions, CodeGenTargetMachineOptions, CodeGenTask, CodeGenerator,
-    DefaultCodeGenerator, WithCall, WorkerRegistry,
-};
 use crate::{
+    codegen::{
+        classes::{ListType, NDArrayType, ProxyType, RangeType},
+        concrete_type::ConcreteTypeStore,
+        CodeGenContext, CodeGenLLVMOptions, CodeGenTargetMachineOptions, CodeGenTask,
+        CodeGenerator, DefaultCodeGenerator, WithCall, WorkerRegistry,
+    },
     symbol_resolver::{SymbolResolver, ValueEnum},
     toplevel::{
         composer::{ComposerConfig, TopLevelComposer},
         DefinitionId, FunInstance, TopLevelContext, TopLevelDef,
     },
     typecheck::{
-        type_inferencer::{FunctionData, IdentifierInfo, Inferencer, PrimitiveStore},
+        type_inferencer::{FunctionData, Inferencer, PrimitiveStore},
         typedef::{FunSignature, FuncArg, Type, TypeEnum, Unifier, VarMap},
     },
 };
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
+use indoc::indoc;
+use inkwell::{
+    targets::{InitializationConfig, Target},
+    OptimizationLevel,
+};
+use nac3parser::ast::FileName;
+use nac3parser::{
+    ast::{fold::Fold, StrRef},
+    parser::parse_program,
+};
+use parking_lot::RwLock;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 struct Resolver {
     id_to_type: HashMap<StrRef, Type>,
@@ -67,7 +64,6 @@ impl SymbolResolver for Resolver {
         &self,
         _: StrRef,
         _: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        _: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
     ) -> Option<ValueEnum<'ctx>> {
         unimplemented!()
     }
@@ -142,8 +138,7 @@ fn test_primitives() {
     };
     let mut virtual_checks = Vec::new();
     let mut calls = HashMap::new();
-    let mut identifiers: HashMap<_, _> =
-        ["a".into(), "b".into()].map(|id| (id, IdentifierInfo::default())).into();
+    let mut identifiers: HashSet<_> = ["a".into(), "b".into()].into();
     let mut inferencer = Inferencer {
         top_level: &top_level,
         function_data: &mut function_data,
@@ -322,8 +317,7 @@ fn test_simple_call() {
     };
     let mut virtual_checks = Vec::new();
     let mut calls = HashMap::new();
-    let mut identifiers: HashMap<_, _> =
-        ["a".into(), "foo".into()].map(|id| (id, IdentifierInfo::default())).into();
+    let mut identifiers: HashSet<_> = ["a".into(), "foo".into()].into();
     let mut inferencer = Inferencer {
         top_level: &top_level,
         function_data: &mut function_data,
@@ -452,7 +446,7 @@ fn test_classes_list_type_new() {
     let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(&ctx);
 
     let llvm_list = ListType::new(&generator, &ctx, llvm_i32.into());
-    assert!(ListType::is_representable(llvm_list.as_base_type(), llvm_usize).is_ok());
+    assert!(ListType::is_type(llvm_list.as_base_type(), llvm_usize).is_ok());
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -460,7 +454,7 @@ fn test_classes_range_type_new() {
     let ctx = inkwell::context::Context::create();
 
     let llvm_range = RangeType::new(&ctx);
-    assert!(RangeType::is_representable(llvm_range.as_base_type()).is_ok());
+    assert!(RangeType::is_type(llvm_range.as_base_type()).is_ok());
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -471,6 +465,6 @@ fn test_classes_ndarray_type_new() {
     let llvm_i32 = ctx.i32_type();
     let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(&ctx);
 
-    let llvm_ndarray = NDArrayType::new(&generator, &ctx, llvm_i32.into(), None);
-    assert!(NDArrayType::is_representable(llvm_ndarray.as_base_type(), llvm_usize).is_ok());
+    let llvm_ndarray = NDArrayType::new(&generator, &ctx, llvm_i32.into());
+    assert!(NDArrayType::is_type(llvm_ndarray.as_base_type(), llvm_usize).is_ok());
 }

nac3core/src/codegen/types/list.rs

@@ -1,206 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    context::Context,
-    types::{AnyTypeEnum, BasicType, BasicTypeEnum, IntType, PointerType},
-    values::IntValue,
-    AddressSpace,
-};
-
-use super::ProxyType;
-use crate::codegen::{
-    values::{ArraySliceValue, ListValue, ProxyValue},
-    CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-};
-
-/// Proxy type for a `list` type in LLVM.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct ListType<'ctx> {
-    ty: PointerType<'ctx>,
-    llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ListType<'ctx> {
-    /// Checks whether `llvm_ty` represents a `list` type, returning [Err] if it does not.
-    pub fn is_representable(
-        llvm_ty: PointerType<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let llvm_list_ty = llvm_ty.get_element_type();
-        let AnyTypeEnum::StructType(llvm_list_ty) = llvm_list_ty else {
-            return Err(format!("Expected struct type for `list` type, got {llvm_list_ty}"));
-        };
-        if llvm_list_ty.count_fields() != 2 {
-            return Err(format!(
-                "Expected 2 fields in `list`, got {}",
-                llvm_list_ty.count_fields()
-            ));
-        }
-
-        let list_size_ty = llvm_list_ty.get_field_type_at_index(0).unwrap();
-        let Ok(_) = PointerType::try_from(list_size_ty) else {
-            return Err(format!("Expected pointer type for `list.0`, got {list_size_ty}"));
-        };
-
-        let list_data_ty = llvm_list_ty.get_field_type_at_index(1).unwrap();
-        let Ok(list_data_ty) = IntType::try_from(list_data_ty) else {
-            return Err(format!("Expected int type for `list.1`, got {list_data_ty}"));
-        };
-        if list_data_ty.get_bit_width() != llvm_usize.get_bit_width() {
-            return Err(format!(
-                "Expected {}-bit int type for `list.1`, got {}-bit int",
-                llvm_usize.get_bit_width(),
-                list_data_ty.get_bit_width()
-            ));
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an LLVM type corresponding to the expected structure of a `List`.
-    #[must_use]
-    fn llvm_type(
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        element_type: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> PointerType<'ctx> {
-        // struct List { data: T*, size: size_t }
-        let field_tys = [element_type.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()).into(), llvm_usize.into()];
-
-        ctx.struct_type(&field_tys, false).ptr_type(AddressSpace::default())
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an instance of [`ListType`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        element_type: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx);
-        let llvm_list = Self::llvm_type(ctx, element_type, llvm_usize);
-
-        ListType::from_type(llvm_list, llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an [`ListType`] from a [`PointerType`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_type(ptr_ty: PointerType<'ctx>, llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        debug_assert!(Self::is_representable(ptr_ty, llvm_usize).is_ok());
-
-        ListType { ty: ptr_ty, llvm_usize }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the type of the `size` field of this `list` type.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn size_type(&self) -> IntType<'ctx> {
-        self.as_base_type()
-            .get_element_type()
-            .into_struct_type()
-            .get_field_type_at_index(1)
-            .map(BasicTypeEnum::into_int_type)
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the element type of this `list` type.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn element_type(&self) -> AnyTypeEnum<'ctx> {
-        self.as_base_type()
-            .get_element_type()
-            .into_struct_type()
-            .get_field_type_at_index(0)
-            .map(BasicTypeEnum::into_pointer_type)
-            .map(PointerType::get_element_type)
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    /// Allocates an instance of [`ListValue`] as if by calling `alloca` on the base type.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value::from_pointer_value(
-            self.raw_alloca(generator, ctx, name),
-            self.llvm_usize,
-            name,
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Converts an existing value into a [`ListValue`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn map_value(
-        &self,
-        value: <<Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Base,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value::from_pointer_value(value, self.llvm_usize, name)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ProxyType<'ctx> for ListType<'ctx> {
-    type Base = PointerType<'ctx>;
-    type Value = ListValue<'ctx>;
-
-    fn is_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        llvm_ty: impl BasicType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        if let BasicTypeEnum::PointerType(ty) = llvm_ty.as_basic_type_enum() {
-            <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::is_representable(generator, ctx, ty)
-        } else {
-            Err(format!("Expected pointer type, got {llvm_ty:?}"))
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn is_representable<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        llvm_ty: Self::Base,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        Self::is_representable(llvm_ty, generator.get_size_type(ctx))
-    }
-
-    fn raw_alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self::Value as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Base {
-        generator
-            .gen_var_alloc(
-                ctx,
-                self.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_struct_type().into(),
-                name,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn array_alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        size: IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> ArraySliceValue<'ctx> {
-        generator
-            .gen_array_var_alloc(
-                ctx,
-                self.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_struct_type().into(),
-                size,
-                name,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn as_base_type(&self) -> Self::Base {
-        self.ty
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> From<ListType<'ctx>> for PointerType<'ctx> {
-    fn from(value: ListType<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        value.as_base_type()
-    }
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/types/mod.rs

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-//! This module contains abstraction over all intrinsic composite types of NAC3.
-//!
-//! # `raw_alloca` vs `alloca` vs `construct`
-//!
-//! There are three ways of creating a new object instance using the abstractions provided by this
-//! module.
-//!
-//! - `raw_alloca`: Allocates the object on the stack, returning an instance of
-//!   [`impl BasicValue`][inkwell::values::BasicValue]. This is similar to a `malloc` expression in
-//!   C++ but the object is allocated on the stack.
-//! - `alloca`: Similar to `raw_alloca`, but also wraps the allocated object with
-//!   [`<Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value`][ProxyValue], and returns the wrapped object. The returned
-//!   object will not initialize any value or fields. This is similar to a type-safe `malloc`
-//!   expression in C++ but the object is allocated on the stack.
-//! - `construct`: Similar to `alloca`, but performs some initialization on the value or fields of
-//!   the returned object. This is similar to a `new` expression in C++ but the object is allocated
-//!   on the stack.
-
-use inkwell::{context::Context, types::BasicType, values::IntValue};
-
-use super::{
-    values::{ArraySliceValue, ProxyValue},
-    {CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator},
-};
-pub use list::*;
-pub use range::*;
-
-mod list;
-pub mod ndarray;
-mod range;
-pub mod structure;
-pub mod utils;
-
-/// A LLVM type that is used to represent a corresponding type in NAC3.
-pub trait ProxyType<'ctx>: Into<Self::Base> {
-    /// The LLVM type of which values of this type possess. This is usually a
-    /// [LLVM pointer type][PointerType] for any non-primitive types.
-    type Base: BasicType<'ctx>;
-
-    /// The type of values represented by this type.
-    type Value: ProxyValue<'ctx, Type = Self>;
-
-    fn is_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        llvm_ty: impl BasicType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String>;
-
-    /// Checks whether `llvm_ty` can be represented by this [`ProxyType`].
-    fn is_representable<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        llvm_ty: Self::Base,
-    ) -> Result<(), String>;
-
-    /// Creates a new value of this type, returning the LLVM instance of this value.
-    fn raw_alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self::Value as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Base;
-
-    /// Creates a new array value of this type, returning an [`ArraySliceValue`] encapsulating the
-    /// resulting array.
-    fn array_alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        size: IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> ArraySliceValue<'ctx>;
-
-    /// Returns the [base type][Self::Base] of this proxy.
-    fn as_base_type(&self) -> Self::Base;
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/types/ndarray/contiguous.rs

@@ -1,257 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    context::Context,
-    types::{AnyTypeEnum, BasicType, BasicTypeEnum, IntType, PointerType},
-    values::{IntValue, PointerValue},
-    AddressSpace,
-};
-use itertools::Itertools;
-
-use nac3core_derive::StructFields;
-
-use crate::{
-    codegen::{
-        types::{
-            structure::{
-                check_struct_type_matches_fields, FieldIndexCounter, StructField, StructFields,
-            },
-            ProxyType,
-        },
-        values::{ndarray::ContiguousNDArrayValue, ArraySliceValue, ProxyValue},
-        CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-    },
-    toplevel::numpy::unpack_ndarray_var_tys,
-    typecheck::typedef::Type,
-};
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct ContiguousNDArrayType<'ctx> {
-    ty: PointerType<'ctx>,
-    item: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-    llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-}
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, StructFields)]
-pub struct ContiguousNDArrayFields<'ctx> {
-    #[value_type(usize)]
-    pub ndims: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-    pub shape: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-    pub data: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ContiguousNDArrayFields<'ctx> {
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new_typed(item: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>, llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        let mut counter = FieldIndexCounter::default();
-
-        ContiguousNDArrayFields {
-            ndims: StructField::create(&mut counter, "ndims", llvm_usize),
-            shape: StructField::create(
-                &mut counter,
-                "shape",
-                llvm_usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()),
-            ),
-            data: StructField::create(&mut counter, "data", item.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default())),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ContiguousNDArrayType<'ctx> {
-    /// Checks whether `llvm_ty` represents a `ndarray` type, returning [Err] if it does not.
-    pub fn is_representable(
-        llvm_ty: PointerType<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let ctx = llvm_ty.get_context();
-
-        let llvm_ty = llvm_ty.get_element_type();
-        let AnyTypeEnum::StructType(llvm_ty) = llvm_ty else {
-            return Err(format!(
-                "Expected struct type for `ContiguousNDArray` type, got {llvm_ty}"
-            ));
-        };
-
-        let fields = ContiguousNDArrayFields::new(ctx, llvm_usize);
-
-        check_struct_type_matches_fields(
-            fields,
-            llvm_ty,
-            "ContiguousNDArray",
-            &[(fields.data.name(), &|ty| {
-                if ty.is_pointer_type() {
-                    Ok(())
-                } else {
-                    Err(format!("Expected T* for `ContiguousNDArray.data`, got {ty}"))
-                }
-            })],
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Returns an instance of [`StructFields`] containing all field accessors for this type.
-    #[must_use]
-    fn fields(
-        item: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> ContiguousNDArrayFields<'ctx> {
-        ContiguousNDArrayFields::new_typed(item, llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    /// See [`NDArrayType::fields`].
-    // TODO: Move this into e.g. StructProxyType
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_fields(&self) -> ContiguousNDArrayFields<'ctx> {
-        Self::fields(self.item, self.llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an LLVM type corresponding to the expected structure of an `NDArray`.
-    #[must_use]
-    fn llvm_type(
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        item: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> PointerType<'ctx> {
-        let field_tys =
-            Self::fields(item, llvm_usize).into_iter().map(|field| field.1).collect_vec();
-
-        ctx.struct_type(&field_tys, false).ptr_type(AddressSpace::default())
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an instance of [`ContiguousNDArrayType`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        item: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx);
-        let llvm_cndarray = Self::llvm_type(ctx, item, llvm_usize);
-
-        Self { ty: llvm_cndarray, item, llvm_usize }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an [`ContiguousNDArrayType`] from a [unifier type][Type].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_unifier_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        ty: Type,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let (dtype, _) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, ty);
-
-        let llvm_dtype = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, dtype);
-        let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-        Self { ty: Self::llvm_type(ctx.ctx, llvm_dtype, llvm_usize), item: llvm_dtype, llvm_usize }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an [`ContiguousNDArrayType`] from a [`PointerType`] representing an `NDArray`.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_type(
-        ptr_ty: PointerType<'ctx>,
-        item: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        debug_assert!(Self::is_representable(ptr_ty, llvm_usize).is_ok());
-
-        Self { ty: ptr_ty, item, llvm_usize }
-    }
-
-    /// Allocates an instance of [`ContiguousNDArrayValue`] as if by calling `alloca` on the base type.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value::from_pointer_value(
-            self.raw_alloca(generator, ctx, name),
-            self.item,
-            self.llvm_usize,
-            name,
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Converts an existing value into a [`ContiguousNDArrayValue`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn map_value(
-        &self,
-        value: <<Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Base,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value::from_pointer_value(
-            value,
-            self.item,
-            self.llvm_usize,
-            name,
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ProxyType<'ctx> for ContiguousNDArrayType<'ctx> {
-    type Base = PointerType<'ctx>;
-    type Value = ContiguousNDArrayValue<'ctx>;
-
-    fn is_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        llvm_ty: impl BasicType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        if let BasicTypeEnum::PointerType(ty) = llvm_ty.as_basic_type_enum() {
-            <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::is_representable(generator, ctx, ty)
-        } else {
-            Err(format!("Expected pointer type, got {llvm_ty:?}"))
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn is_representable<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        llvm_ty: Self::Base,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        Self::is_representable(llvm_ty, generator.get_size_type(ctx))
-    }
-
-    fn raw_alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self::Value as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Base {
-        generator
-            .gen_var_alloc(
-                ctx,
-                self.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_struct_type().into(),
-                name,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn array_alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        size: IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> ArraySliceValue<'ctx> {
-        generator
-            .gen_array_var_alloc(
-                ctx,
-                self.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_struct_type().into(),
-                size,
-                name,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn as_base_type(&self) -> Self::Base {
-        self.ty
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> From<ContiguousNDArrayType<'ctx>> for PointerType<'ctx> {
-    fn from(value: ContiguousNDArrayType<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        value.as_base_type()
-    }
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/types/ndarray/indexing.rs

@@ -1,215 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    context::{AsContextRef, Context},
-    types::{AnyTypeEnum, BasicType, BasicTypeEnum, IntType, PointerType},
-    values::{IntValue, PointerValue},
-    AddressSpace,
-};
-use itertools::Itertools;
-
-use nac3core_derive::StructFields;
-
-use crate::codegen::{
-    types::{
-        structure::{check_struct_type_matches_fields, StructField, StructFields},
-        ProxyType,
-    },
-    values::{
-        ndarray::{NDIndexValue, RustNDIndex},
-        ArrayLikeIndexer, ArraySliceValue, ProxyValue,
-    },
-    CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-};
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct NDIndexType<'ctx> {
-    ty: PointerType<'ctx>,
-    llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-}
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, StructFields)]
-pub struct NDIndexStructFields<'ctx> {
-    #[value_type(i8_type())]
-    pub type_: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-    pub data: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> NDIndexType<'ctx> {
-    /// Checks whether `llvm_ty` represents a `ndindex` type, returning [Err] if it does not.
-    pub fn is_representable(
-        llvm_ty: PointerType<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let ctx = llvm_ty.get_context();
-
-        let llvm_ty = llvm_ty.get_element_type();
-        let AnyTypeEnum::StructType(llvm_ty) = llvm_ty else {
-            return Err(format!(
-                "Expected struct type for `ContiguousNDArray` type, got {llvm_ty}"
-            ));
-        };
-
-        let fields = NDIndexStructFields::new(ctx, llvm_usize);
-
-        check_struct_type_matches_fields(fields, llvm_ty, "NDIndex", &[])
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    fn fields(
-        ctx: impl AsContextRef<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> NDIndexStructFields<'ctx> {
-        NDIndexStructFields::new(ctx, llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_fields(&self) -> NDIndexStructFields<'ctx> {
-        Self::fields(self.ty.get_context(), self.llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    fn llvm_type(ctx: &'ctx Context, llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>) -> PointerType<'ctx> {
-        let field_tys =
-            Self::fields(ctx, llvm_usize).into_iter().map(|field| field.1).collect_vec();
-
-        ctx.struct_type(&field_tys, false).ptr_type(AddressSpace::default())
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(generator: &G, ctx: &'ctx Context) -> Self {
-        let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx);
-        let llvm_ndindex = Self::llvm_type(ctx, llvm_usize);
-
-        Self { ty: llvm_ndindex, llvm_usize }
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_type(ptr_ty: PointerType<'ctx>, llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        debug_assert!(Self::is_representable(ptr_ty, llvm_usize).is_ok());
-
-        Self { ty: ptr_ty, llvm_usize }
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value::from_pointer_value(
-            self.raw_alloca(generator, ctx, name),
-            self.llvm_usize,
-            name,
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Serialize a list of [`RustNDIndex`] as a newly allocated LLVM array of [`NDIndexValue`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn construct_ndindices<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        in_ndindices: &[RustNDIndex<'ctx>],
-    ) -> ArraySliceValue<'ctx> {
-        // Allocate the LLVM ndindices.
-        let num_ndindices = self.llvm_usize.const_int(in_ndindices.len() as u64, false);
-        let ndindices = self.array_alloca(generator, ctx, num_ndindices, None);
-
-        // Initialize all of them.
-        for (i, in_ndindex) in in_ndindices.iter().enumerate() {
-            let pndindex = unsafe {
-                ndindices.ptr_offset_unchecked(
-                    ctx,
-                    generator,
-                    &ctx.ctx.i64_type().const_int(u64::try_from(i).unwrap(), false),
-                    None,
-                )
-            };
-
-            in_ndindex.write_to_ndindex(
-                generator,
-                ctx,
-                NDIndexValue::from_pointer_value(pndindex, self.llvm_usize, None),
-            );
-        }
-
-        ndindices
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn map_value(
-        &self,
-        value: <<Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Base,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value::from_pointer_value(value, self.llvm_usize, name)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ProxyType<'ctx> for NDIndexType<'ctx> {
-    type Base = PointerType<'ctx>;
-    type Value = NDIndexValue<'ctx>;
-
-    fn is_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        llvm_ty: impl BasicType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        if let BasicTypeEnum::PointerType(ty) = llvm_ty.as_basic_type_enum() {
-            <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::is_representable(generator, ctx, ty)
-        } else {
-            Err(format!("Expected pointer type, got {llvm_ty:?}"))
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn is_representable<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        llvm_ty: Self::Base,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        Self::is_representable(llvm_ty, generator.get_size_type(ctx))
-    }
-
-    fn raw_alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self::Value as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Base {
-        generator
-            .gen_var_alloc(
-                ctx,
-                self.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_struct_type().into(),
-                name,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn array_alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        size: IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> ArraySliceValue<'ctx> {
-        generator
-            .gen_array_var_alloc(
-                ctx,
-                self.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_struct_type().into(),
-                size,
-                name,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn as_base_type(&self) -> Self::Base {
-        self.ty
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> From<NDIndexType<'ctx>> for PointerType<'ctx> {
-    fn from(value: NDIndexType<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        value.as_base_type()
-    }
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/types/ndarray/mod.rs

@@ -1,469 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    context::{AsContextRef, Context},
-    types::{AnyTypeEnum, BasicType, BasicTypeEnum, IntType, PointerType},
-    values::{BasicValue, IntValue, PointerValue},
-    AddressSpace,
-};
-use itertools::Itertools;
-
-use nac3core_derive::StructFields;
-
-use super::{
-    structure::{check_struct_type_matches_fields, StructField, StructFields},
-    ProxyType,
-};
-use crate::{
-    codegen::{
-        values::{ndarray::NDArrayValue, ArraySliceValue, ProxyValue, TypedArrayLikeMutator},
-        {CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator},
-    },
-    toplevel::{helper::extract_ndims, numpy::unpack_ndarray_var_tys},
-    typecheck::typedef::Type,
-};
-pub use contiguous::*;
-pub use indexing::*;
-pub use nditer::*;
-
-mod contiguous;
-mod indexing;
-mod nditer;
-
-/// Proxy type for a `ndarray` type in LLVM.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct NDArrayType<'ctx> {
-    ty: PointerType<'ctx>,
-    dtype: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-    ndims: Option<u64>,
-    llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-}
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, StructFields)]
-pub struct NDArrayStructFields<'ctx> {
-    /// The size of each `NDArray` element in bytes.
-    #[value_type(usize)]
-    pub itemsize: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-    /// Number of dimensions in the array.
-    #[value_type(usize)]
-    pub ndims: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-    /// Pointer to an array containing the shape of the `NDArray`.
-    #[value_type(usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-    pub shape: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-    /// Pointer to an array indicating the number of bytes between each element at a dimension
-    #[value_type(usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-    pub strides: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-    /// Pointer to an array containing the array data
-    #[value_type(i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-    pub data: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> NDArrayType<'ctx> {
-    /// Checks whether `llvm_ty` represents a `ndarray` type, returning [Err] if it does not.
-    pub fn is_representable(
-        llvm_ty: PointerType<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let ctx = llvm_ty.get_context();
-
-        let llvm_ndarray_ty = llvm_ty.get_element_type();
-        let AnyTypeEnum::StructType(llvm_ndarray_ty) = llvm_ndarray_ty else {
-            return Err(format!("Expected struct type for `NDArray` type, got {llvm_ndarray_ty}"));
-        };
-
-        check_struct_type_matches_fields(
-            Self::fields(ctx, llvm_usize),
-            llvm_ndarray_ty,
-            "NDArray",
-            &[],
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Returns an instance of [`StructFields`] containing all field accessors for this type.
-    #[must_use]
-    fn fields(
-        ctx: impl AsContextRef<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> NDArrayStructFields<'ctx> {
-        NDArrayStructFields::new(ctx, llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    /// See [`NDArrayType::fields`].
-    // TODO: Move this into e.g. StructProxyType
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_fields(&self, ctx: impl AsContextRef<'ctx>) -> NDArrayStructFields<'ctx> {
-        Self::fields(ctx, self.llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an LLVM type corresponding to the expected structure of an `NDArray`.
-    #[must_use]
-    fn llvm_type(ctx: &'ctx Context, llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>) -> PointerType<'ctx> {
-        let field_tys =
-            Self::fields(ctx, llvm_usize).into_iter().map(|field| field.1).collect_vec();
-
-        ctx.struct_type(&field_tys, false).ptr_type(AddressSpace::default())
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an instance of [`NDArrayType`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        dtype: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-        ndims: Option<u64>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx);
-        let llvm_ndarray = Self::llvm_type(ctx, llvm_usize);
-
-        NDArrayType { ty: llvm_ndarray, dtype, ndims, llvm_usize }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an instance of [`NDArrayType`] with `ndims` of 0.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new_unsized<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        dtype: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx);
-        let llvm_ndarray = Self::llvm_type(ctx, llvm_usize);
-
-        NDArrayType { ty: llvm_ndarray, dtype, ndims: Some(0), llvm_usize }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an [`NDArrayType`] from a [unifier type][Type].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_unifier_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        ty: Type,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let (dtype, ndims) = unpack_ndarray_var_tys(&mut ctx.unifier, ty);
-
-        let llvm_dtype = ctx.get_llvm_type(generator, dtype);
-        let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-        let ndims = extract_ndims(&ctx.unifier, ndims);
-
-        NDArrayType {
-            ty: Self::llvm_type(ctx.ctx, llvm_usize),
-            dtype: llvm_dtype,
-            ndims: Some(ndims),
-            llvm_usize,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an [`NDArrayType`] from a [`PointerType`] representing an `NDArray`.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_type(
-        ptr_ty: PointerType<'ctx>,
-        dtype: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-        ndims: Option<u64>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        debug_assert!(Self::is_representable(ptr_ty, llvm_usize).is_ok());
-
-        NDArrayType { ty: ptr_ty, dtype, ndims, llvm_usize }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the type of the `size` field of this `ndarray` type.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn size_type(&self) -> IntType<'ctx> {
-        self.llvm_usize
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the element type of this `ndarray` type.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn element_type(&self) -> BasicTypeEnum<'ctx> {
-        self.dtype
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the number of dimensions of this `ndarray` type.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn ndims(&self) -> Option<u64> {
-        self.ndims
-    }
-
-    /// Allocates an instance of [`NDArrayValue`] as if by calling `alloca` on the base type.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value::from_pointer_value(
-            self.raw_alloca(generator, ctx, name),
-            self.dtype,
-            self.ndims,
-            self.llvm_usize,
-            name,
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Allocates an [`NDArrayValue`] on the stack and initializes all fields as follows:
-    ///
-    /// - `data`: uninitialized.
-    /// - `itemsize`: set to the size of `self.dtype`.
-    /// - `ndims`: set to the value of  `ndims`.
-    /// - `shape`: allocated on the stack with an array of length `ndims` with uninitialized values.
-    /// - `strides`: allocated on the stack with an array of length `ndims` with uninitialized
-    ///   values.
-    #[must_use]
-    fn construct_impl<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        ndims: IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        let ndarray = self.alloca(generator, ctx, name);
-
-        let itemsize = ctx
-            .builder
-            .build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(self.dtype.size_of().unwrap(), self.llvm_usize, "")
-            .unwrap();
-        ndarray.store_itemsize(ctx, generator, itemsize);
-
-        ndarray.store_ndims(ctx, generator, ndims);
-
-        ndarray.create_shape(ctx, self.llvm_usize, ndims);
-        ndarray.create_strides(ctx, self.llvm_usize, ndims);
-
-        ndarray
-    }
-
-    /// Allocate an [`NDArrayValue`] on the stack using `dtype` and `ndims` of this [`NDArrayType`]
-    /// instance.
-    ///
-    /// The returned ndarray's content will be:
-    /// - `data`: uninitialized.
-    /// - `itemsize`: set to the size of `dtype`.
-    /// - `ndims`: set to the value of `self.ndims`.
-    /// - `shape`: allocated on the stack with an array of length `ndims` with uninitialized values.
-    /// - `strides`: allocated on the stack with an array of length `ndims` with uninitialized
-    ///   values.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn construct_uninitialized<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        assert!(self.ndims.is_some(), "NDArrayType::construct can only be called on an instance with compile-time known ndims (self.ndims = Some(ndims))");
-
-        let Some(ndims) = self.ndims.map(|ndims| self.llvm_usize.const_int(ndims, false)) else {
-            unreachable!()
-        };
-
-        self.construct_impl(generator, ctx, ndims, name)
-    }
-
-    /// Allocate an [`NDArrayValue`] on the stack given its `ndims` and `dtype`.
-    ///
-    /// `shape` and `strides` will be automatically allocated onto the stack.
-    ///
-    /// The returned ndarray's content will be:
-    /// - `data`: uninitialized.
-    /// - `itemsize`: set to the size of `dtype`.
-    /// - `ndims`: set to the value of `ndims`.
-    /// - `shape`: allocated with an array of length `ndims` with uninitialized values.
-    /// - `strides`: allocated with an array of length `ndims` with uninitialized values.
-    #[deprecated = "Prefer construct_uninitialized or construct_*_shape."]
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn construct_dyn_ndims<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        ndims: IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        assert!(self.ndims.is_none(), "NDArrayType::construct_dyn_ndims can only be called on an instance with compile-time unknown ndims (self.ndims = None)");
-
-        self.construct_impl(generator, ctx, ndims, name)
-    }
-
-    /// Convenience function. Allocate an [`NDArrayValue`] with a statically known shape.
-    ///
-    /// The returned [`NDArrayValue`]'s `data` and `strides` are uninitialized.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn construct_const_shape<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        shape: &[u64],
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        assert!(self.ndims.is_none_or(|ndims| shape.len() as u64 == ndims));
-
-        let ndarray = Self::new(generator, ctx.ctx, self.dtype, Some(shape.len() as u64))
-            .construct_uninitialized(generator, ctx, name);
-
-        let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-        // Write shape
-        let ndarray_shape = ndarray.shape();
-        for (i, dim) in shape.iter().enumerate() {
-            let dim = llvm_usize.const_int(*dim, false);
-            unsafe {
-                ndarray_shape.set_typed_unchecked(
-                    ctx,
-                    generator,
-                    &llvm_usize.const_int(i as u64, false),
-                    dim,
-                );
-            }
-        }
-
-        ndarray
-    }
-
-    /// Convenience function. Allocate an [`NDArrayValue`] with a dynamically known shape.
-    ///
-    /// The returned [`NDArrayValue`]'s `data` and `strides` are uninitialized.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn construct_dyn_shape<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        shape: &[IntValue<'ctx>],
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        assert!(self.ndims.is_none_or(|ndims| shape.len() as u64 == ndims));
-
-        let ndarray = Self::new(generator, ctx.ctx, self.dtype, Some(shape.len() as u64))
-            .construct_uninitialized(generator, ctx, name);
-
-        let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-        // Write shape
-        let ndarray_shape = ndarray.shape();
-        for (i, dim) in shape.iter().enumerate() {
-            assert_eq!(
-                dim.get_type(),
-                llvm_usize,
-                "Expected {} but got {}",
-                llvm_usize.print_to_string(),
-                dim.get_type().print_to_string()
-            );
-            unsafe {
-                ndarray_shape.set_typed_unchecked(
-                    ctx,
-                    generator,
-                    &llvm_usize.const_int(i as u64, false),
-                    *dim,
-                );
-            }
-        }
-
-        ndarray
-    }
-
-    /// Create an unsized ndarray to contain `value`.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn construct_unsized<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        value: &impl BasicValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> NDArrayValue<'ctx> {
-        let value = value.as_basic_value_enum();
-
-        assert_eq!(value.get_type(), self.dtype);
-        assert!(self.ndims.is_none_or(|ndims| ndims == 0));
-
-        // We have to put the value on the stack to get a data pointer.
-        let data = ctx.builder.build_alloca(value.get_type(), "construct_unsized").unwrap();
-        ctx.builder.build_store(data, value).unwrap();
-        let data = ctx
-            .builder
-            .build_pointer_cast(data, ctx.ctx.i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "")
-            .unwrap();
-
-        let ndarray = Self::new_unsized(generator, ctx.ctx, value.get_type())
-            .construct_uninitialized(generator, ctx, name);
-        ctx.builder.build_store(ndarray.ptr_to_data(ctx), data).unwrap();
-        ndarray
-    }
-
-    /// Converts an existing value into a [`NDArrayValue`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn map_value(
-        &self,
-        value: <<Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Base,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value::from_pointer_value(
-            value,
-            self.dtype,
-            self.ndims,
-            self.llvm_usize,
-            name,
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ProxyType<'ctx> for NDArrayType<'ctx> {
-    type Base = PointerType<'ctx>;
-    type Value = NDArrayValue<'ctx>;
-
-    fn is_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        llvm_ty: impl BasicType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        if let BasicTypeEnum::PointerType(ty) = llvm_ty.as_basic_type_enum() {
-            <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::is_representable(generator, ctx, ty)
-        } else {
-            Err(format!("Expected pointer type, got {llvm_ty:?}"))
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn is_representable<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        llvm_ty: Self::Base,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        Self::is_representable(llvm_ty, generator.get_size_type(ctx))
-    }
-
-    fn raw_alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self::Value as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Base {
-        generator
-            .gen_var_alloc(
-                ctx,
-                self.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_struct_type().into(),
-                name,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn array_alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        size: IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> ArraySliceValue<'ctx> {
-        generator
-            .gen_array_var_alloc(
-                ctx,
-                self.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_struct_type().into(),
-                size,
-                name,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn as_base_type(&self) -> Self::Base {
-        self.ty
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> From<NDArrayType<'ctx>> for PointerType<'ctx> {
-    fn from(value: NDArrayType<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        value.as_base_type()
-    }
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/types/ndarray/nditer.rs

@@ -1,241 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    context::{AsContextRef, Context},
-    types::{AnyTypeEnum, BasicType, BasicTypeEnum, IntType, PointerType},
-    values::{IntValue, PointerValue},
-    AddressSpace,
-};
-use itertools::Itertools;
-
-use nac3core_derive::StructFields;
-
-use super::ProxyType;
-use crate::codegen::{
-    irrt,
-    types::structure::{check_struct_type_matches_fields, StructField, StructFields},
-    values::{
-        ndarray::{NDArrayValue, NDIterValue},
-        ArraySliceValue, ProxyValue,
-    },
-    CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-};
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct NDIterType<'ctx> {
-    ty: PointerType<'ctx>,
-    llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-}
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, StructFields)]
-pub struct NDIterStructFields<'ctx> {
-    #[value_type(usize)]
-    pub ndims: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-    pub shape: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-    pub strides: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(usize.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-    pub indices: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(usize)]
-    pub nth: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()))]
-    pub element: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(usize)]
-    pub size: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> NDIterType<'ctx> {
-    /// Checks whether `llvm_ty` represents a `nditer` type, returning [Err] if it does not.
-    pub fn is_representable(
-        llvm_ty: PointerType<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let ctx = llvm_ty.get_context();
-
-        let llvm_ty = llvm_ty.get_element_type();
-        let AnyTypeEnum::StructType(llvm_ndarray_ty) = llvm_ty else {
-            return Err(format!("Expected struct type for `NDIter` type, got {llvm_ty}"));
-        };
-
-        check_struct_type_matches_fields(
-            Self::fields(ctx, llvm_usize),
-            llvm_ndarray_ty,
-            "NDIter",
-            &[],
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Returns an instance of [`StructFields`] containing all field accessors for this type.
-    #[must_use]
-    fn fields(ctx: impl AsContextRef<'ctx>, llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>) -> NDIterStructFields<'ctx> {
-        NDIterStructFields::new(ctx, llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    /// See [`NDIterType::fields`].
-    // TODO: Move this into e.g. StructProxyType
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_fields(&self, ctx: impl AsContextRef<'ctx>) -> NDIterStructFields<'ctx> {
-        Self::fields(ctx, self.llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an LLVM type corresponding to the expected structure of an `NDIter`.
-    #[must_use]
-    fn llvm_type(ctx: &'ctx Context, llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>) -> PointerType<'ctx> {
-        let field_tys =
-            Self::fields(ctx, llvm_usize).into_iter().map(|field| field.1).collect_vec();
-
-        ctx.struct_type(&field_tys, false).ptr_type(AddressSpace::default())
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an instance of [`NDIter`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(generator: &G, ctx: &'ctx Context) -> Self {
-        let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx);
-        let llvm_nditer = Self::llvm_type(ctx, llvm_usize);
-
-        Self { ty: llvm_nditer, llvm_usize }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an [`NDIterType`] from a [`PointerType`] representing an `NDIter`.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_type(ptr_ty: PointerType<'ctx>, llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        debug_assert!(Self::is_representable(ptr_ty, llvm_usize).is_ok());
-
-        Self { ty: ptr_ty, llvm_usize }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the type of the `size` field of this `nditer` type.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn size_type(&self) -> IntType<'ctx> {
-        self.llvm_usize
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        parent: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-        indices: ArraySliceValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value::from_pointer_value(
-            self.raw_alloca(generator, ctx, name),
-            parent,
-            indices,
-            self.llvm_usize,
-            name,
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Allocate an [`NDIter`] that iterates through the given `ndarray`.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn construct<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        let nditer = self.raw_alloca(generator, ctx, None);
-        let ndims = ndarray.load_ndims(ctx);
-
-        // The caller has the responsibility to allocate 'indices' for `NDIter`.
-        let indices =
-            generator.gen_array_var_alloc(ctx, self.llvm_usize.into(), ndims, None).unwrap();
-
-        let nditer = <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value::from_pointer_value(
-            nditer,
-            ndarray,
-            indices,
-            self.llvm_usize,
-            None,
-        );
-
-        irrt::ndarray::call_nac3_nditer_initialize(generator, ctx, nditer, ndarray, indices);
-
-        nditer
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn map_value(
-        &self,
-        value: <<Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Base,
-        parent: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-        indices: ArraySliceValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value::from_pointer_value(
-            value,
-            parent,
-            indices,
-            self.llvm_usize,
-            name,
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ProxyType<'ctx> for NDIterType<'ctx> {
-    type Base = PointerType<'ctx>;
-    type Value = NDIterValue<'ctx>;
-
-    fn is_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        llvm_ty: impl BasicType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        if let BasicTypeEnum::PointerType(ty) = llvm_ty.as_basic_type_enum() {
-            <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::is_representable(generator, ctx, ty)
-        } else {
-            Err(format!("Expected pointer type, got {llvm_ty:?}"))
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn is_representable<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        llvm_ty: Self::Base,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        Self::is_representable(llvm_ty, generator.get_size_type(ctx))
-    }
-
-    fn raw_alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self::Value as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Base {
-        generator
-            .gen_var_alloc(
-                ctx,
-                self.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_struct_type().into(),
-                name,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn array_alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        size: IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> ArraySliceValue<'ctx> {
-        generator
-            .gen_array_var_alloc(
-                ctx,
-                self.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_struct_type().into(),
-                size,
-                name,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn as_base_type(&self) -> Self::Base {
-        self.ty
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> From<NDIterType<'ctx>> for PointerType<'ctx> {
-    fn from(value: NDIterType<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        value.as_base_type()
-    }
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/types/range.rs

@@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    context::Context,
-    types::{AnyTypeEnum, BasicType, BasicTypeEnum, IntType, PointerType},
-    values::IntValue,
-    AddressSpace,
-};
-
-use super::ProxyType;
-use crate::codegen::{
-    values::{ArraySliceValue, ProxyValue, RangeValue},
-    {CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator},
-};
-
-/// Proxy type for a `range` type in LLVM.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct RangeType<'ctx> {
-    ty: PointerType<'ctx>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> RangeType<'ctx> {
-    /// Checks whether `llvm_ty` represents a `range` type, returning [Err] if it does not.
-    pub fn is_representable(llvm_ty: PointerType<'ctx>) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let llvm_range_ty = llvm_ty.get_element_type();
-        let AnyTypeEnum::ArrayType(llvm_range_ty) = llvm_range_ty else {
-            return Err(format!("Expected array type for `range` type, got {llvm_range_ty}"));
-        };
-        if llvm_range_ty.len() != 3 {
-            return Err(format!(
-                "Expected 3 elements for `range` type, got {}",
-                llvm_range_ty.len()
-            ));
-        }
-
-        let llvm_range_elem_ty = llvm_range_ty.get_element_type();
-        let Ok(llvm_range_elem_ty) = IntType::try_from(llvm_range_elem_ty) else {
-            return Err(format!(
-                "Expected int type for `range` element type, got {llvm_range_elem_ty}"
-            ));
-        };
-        if llvm_range_elem_ty.get_bit_width() != 32 {
-            return Err(format!(
-                "Expected 32-bit int type for `range` element type, got {}",
-                llvm_range_elem_ty.get_bit_width()
-            ));
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an LLVM type corresponding to the expected structure of a `Range`.
-    #[must_use]
-    fn llvm_type(ctx: &'ctx Context) -> PointerType<'ctx> {
-        // typedef int32_t Range[3];
-        let llvm_i32 = ctx.i32_type();
-        llvm_i32.array_type(3).ptr_type(AddressSpace::default())
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an instance of [`RangeType`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new(ctx: &'ctx Context) -> Self {
-        let llvm_range = Self::llvm_type(ctx);
-
-        RangeType::from_type(llvm_range)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an [`RangeType`] from a [`PointerType`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_type(ptr_ty: PointerType<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        debug_assert!(Self::is_representable(ptr_ty).is_ok());
-
-        RangeType { ty: ptr_ty }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the type of all fields of this `range` type.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn value_type(&self) -> IntType<'ctx> {
-        self.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_array_type().get_element_type().into_int_type()
-    }
-
-    /// Allocates an instance of [`RangeValue`] as if by calling `alloca` on the base type.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value::from_pointer_value(
-            self.raw_alloca(generator, ctx, name),
-            name,
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Converts an existing value into a [`RangeValue`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn map_value(
-        &self,
-        value: <<Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Base,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value::from_pointer_value(value, name)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ProxyType<'ctx> for RangeType<'ctx> {
-    type Base = PointerType<'ctx>;
-    type Value = RangeValue<'ctx>;
-
-    fn is_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        llvm_ty: impl BasicType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        if let BasicTypeEnum::PointerType(ty) = llvm_ty.as_basic_type_enum() {
-            <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::is_representable(generator, ctx, ty)
-        } else {
-            Err(format!("Expected pointer type, got {llvm_ty:?}"))
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn is_representable<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        _: &G,
-        _: &'ctx Context,
-        llvm_ty: Self::Base,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        Self::is_representable(llvm_ty)
-    }
-
-    fn raw_alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self::Value as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Base {
-        generator
-            .gen_var_alloc(
-                ctx,
-                self.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_struct_type().into(),
-                name,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn array_alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        size: IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> ArraySliceValue<'ctx> {
-        generator
-            .gen_array_var_alloc(
-                ctx,
-                self.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_struct_type().into(),
-                size,
-                name,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn as_base_type(&self) -> Self::Base {
-        self.ty
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> From<RangeType<'ctx>> for PointerType<'ctx> {
-    fn from(value: RangeType<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        value.as_base_type()
-    }
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/types/structure.rs

@@ -1,255 +0,0 @@
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
-
-use inkwell::{
-    context::AsContextRef,
-    types::{BasicTypeEnum, IntType, StructType},
-    values::{BasicValue, BasicValueEnum, IntValue, PointerValue, StructValue},
-};
-
-use crate::codegen::CodeGenContext;
-
-/// Trait indicating that the structure is a field-wise representation of an LLVM structure.
-///
-/// # Usage
-///
-/// For example, for a simple C-slice LLVM structure:
-///
-/// ```ignore
-/// struct CSliceFields<'ctx> {
-///     ptr: StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>>,
-///     len: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>
-/// }
-/// ```
-pub trait StructFields<'ctx>: Eq + Copy {
-    /// Creates an instance of [`StructFields`] using the given `ctx` and `size_t` types.
-    fn new(ctx: impl AsContextRef<'ctx>, llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>) -> Self;
-
-    /// Returns a [`Vec`] that contains the fields of the structure in the order as they appear in
-    /// the type definition.
-    #[must_use]
-    fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<(&'static str, BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>)>;
-
-    /// Returns a [`Iterator`] that contains the fields of the structure in the order as they appear
-    /// in the type definition.
-    #[must_use]
-    fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&'static str, BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>)> {
-        self.to_vec().into_iter()
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a [`Vec`] that contains the fields of the structure in the order as they appear in
-    /// the type definition.
-    #[must_use]
-    fn into_vec(self) -> Vec<(&'static str, BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>)>
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-    {
-        self.to_vec()
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a [`Iterator`] that contains the fields of the structure in the order as they appear
-    /// in the type definition.
-    #[must_use]
-    fn into_iter(self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&'static str, BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>)>
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-    {
-        self.into_vec().into_iter()
-    }
-}
-
-/// A single field of an LLVM structure.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct StructField<'ctx, Value>
-where
-    Value: BasicValue<'ctx> + TryFrom<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, Error = ()>,
-{
-    /// The index of this field within the structure.
-    index: u32,
-
-    /// The name of this field.
-    name: &'static str,
-
-    /// The type of this field.
-    ty: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-
-    /// Instance of [`PhantomData`] containing [`Value`], used to implement automatic downcasts.
-    _value_ty: PhantomData<Value>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx, Value> StructField<'ctx, Value>
-where
-    Value: BasicValue<'ctx> + TryFrom<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, Error = ()>,
-{
-    /// Creates an instance of [`StructField`].
-    ///
-    /// * `idx_counter` - The instance of [`FieldIndexCounter`] used to track the current field
-    ///   index.
-    /// * `name` - Name of the field.
-    /// * `ty` - The type of this field.
-    pub fn create(
-        idx_counter: &mut FieldIndexCounter,
-        name: &'static str,
-        ty: impl Into<BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        StructField { index: idx_counter.increment(), name, ty: ty.into(), _value_ty: PhantomData }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an instance of [`StructField`] with a given index.
-    ///
-    /// * `index` - The index of this field within its enclosing structure.
-    /// * `name` - Name of the field.
-    /// * `ty` - The type of this field.
-    pub fn create_at(index: u32, name: &'static str, ty: impl Into<BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>>) -> Self {
-        StructField { index, name, ty: ty.into(), _value_ty: PhantomData }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the name of this field.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
-        self.name
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a pointer to this field in an arbitrary structure by performing a `getelementptr i32
-    /// {idx...}, i32 {self.index}`.
-    pub fn ptr_by_array_gep(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        pobj: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        idx: &[IntValue<'ctx>],
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        unsafe {
-            ctx.builder.build_in_bounds_gep(
-                pobj,
-                &[idx, &[ctx.ctx.i32_type().const_int(u64::from(self.index), false)]].concat(),
-                "",
-            )
-        }
-        .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a pointer to this field in an arbitrary structure by performing the equivalent of
-    /// `getelementptr i32 0, i32 {self.index}`.
-    pub fn ptr_by_gep(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        pobj: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        obj_name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_struct_gep(
-                pobj,
-                self.index,
-                &obj_name.map(|name| format!("{name}.{}.addr", self.name)).unwrap_or_default(),
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the value of this field for a given `obj`.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_from_value(&self, obj: StructValue<'ctx>) -> Value {
-        obj.get_field_at_index(self.index).and_then(|value| Value::try_from(value).ok()).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the value of this field for a given `obj`.
-    pub fn set_for_value(&self, obj: StructValue<'ctx>, value: Value) {
-        obj.set_field_at_index(self.index, value);
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the value of this field for a pointer-to-structure.
-    pub fn get(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        pobj: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        obj_name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> Value {
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_load(
-                self.ptr_by_gep(ctx, pobj, obj_name),
-                &obj_name.map(|name| format!("{name}.{}", self.name)).unwrap_or_default(),
-            )
-            .map_err(|_| ())
-            .and_then(|value| Value::try_from(value))
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the value of this field for a pointer-to-structure.
-    pub fn set(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        pobj: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        value: Value,
-        obj_name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) {
-        ctx.builder.build_store(self.ptr_by_gep(ctx, pobj, obj_name), value).unwrap();
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx, Value> From<StructField<'ctx, Value>> for (&'static str, BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>)
-where
-    Value: BasicValue<'ctx> + TryFrom<BasicValueEnum<'ctx>, Error = ()>,
-{
-    fn from(value: StructField<'ctx, Value>) -> Self {
-        (value.name, value.ty)
-    }
-}
-
-/// A counter that tracks the next index of a field using a monotonically increasing counter.
-#[derive(Default, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct FieldIndexCounter(u32);
-
-impl FieldIndexCounter {
-    /// Increments the number stored by this counter, returning the previous value.
-    ///
-    /// Functionally equivalent to `i++` in C-based languages.
-    pub fn increment(&mut self) -> u32 {
-        let v = self.0;
-        self.0 += 1;
-        v
-    }
-}
-
-type FieldTypeVerifier<'ctx> = dyn Fn(BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>) -> Result<(), String>;
-
-/// Checks whether [`llvm_ty`][StructType] contains the fields described by the given
-/// [`StructFields`] instance.
-///
-/// By default, this function will compare the type of each field in `expected_fields` against
-/// `llvm_ty`. To override this behavior for individual fields, pass in overrides to
-/// `custom_verifiers`, which will use the specified verifier when a field with the matching field
-/// name is being checked.
-pub(super) fn check_struct_type_matches_fields<'ctx>(
-    expected_fields: impl StructFields<'ctx>,
-    llvm_ty: StructType<'ctx>,
-    ty_name: &'static str,
-    custom_verifiers: &[(&str, &FieldTypeVerifier<'ctx>)],
-) -> Result<(), String> {
-    let expected_fields = expected_fields.to_vec();
-
-    if llvm_ty.count_fields() != u32::try_from(expected_fields.len()).unwrap() {
-        return Err(format!(
-            "Expected {} fields in `{ty_name}`, got {}",
-            expected_fields.len(),
-            llvm_ty.count_fields(),
-        ));
-    }
-
-    expected_fields
-        .into_iter()
-        .enumerate()
-        .map(|(i, (field_name, expected_ty))| {
-            (field_name, expected_ty, llvm_ty.get_field_type_at_index(i as u32).unwrap())
-        })
-        .try_for_each(|(field_name, expected_ty, actual_ty)| {
-            if let Some((_, verifier)) =
-                custom_verifiers.iter().find(|verifier| verifier.0 == field_name)
-            {
-                verifier(actual_ty)
-            } else if expected_ty == actual_ty {
-                Ok(())
-            } else {
-                Err(format!("Expected {expected_ty} for `{ty_name}.{field_name}`, got {actual_ty}"))
-            }
-        })?;
-
-    Ok(())
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/types/utils/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-pub use slice::*;
-
-mod slice;

nac3core/src/codegen/types/utils/slice.rs

@@ -1,254 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    context::{AsContextRef, Context, ContextRef},
-    types::{AnyTypeEnum, BasicType, BasicTypeEnum, IntType, PointerType},
-    values::IntValue,
-    AddressSpace,
-};
-use itertools::Itertools;
-
-use nac3core_derive::StructFields;
-
-use crate::codegen::{
-    types::{
-        structure::{
-            check_struct_type_matches_fields, FieldIndexCounter, StructField, StructFields,
-        },
-        ProxyType,
-    },
-    values::{utils::SliceValue, ArraySliceValue, ProxyValue},
-    CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-};
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
-pub struct SliceType<'ctx> {
-    ty: PointerType<'ctx>,
-    int_ty: IntType<'ctx>,
-    llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-}
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, StructFields)]
-pub struct SliceFields<'ctx> {
-    #[value_type(bool_type())]
-    pub start_defined: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(usize)]
-    pub start: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(bool_type())]
-    pub stop_defined: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(usize)]
-    pub stop: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(bool_type())]
-    pub step_defined: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-    #[value_type(usize)]
-    pub step: StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> SliceFields<'ctx> {
-    /// Creates a new instance of [`SliceFields`] with a custom integer type for its range values.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new_sized(ctx: &impl AsContextRef<'ctx>, int_ty: IntType<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        let ctx = unsafe { ContextRef::new(ctx.as_ctx_ref()) };
-        let mut counter = FieldIndexCounter::default();
-
-        SliceFields {
-            start_defined: StructField::create(&mut counter, "start_defined", ctx.bool_type()),
-            start: StructField::create(&mut counter, "start", int_ty),
-            stop_defined: StructField::create(&mut counter, "stop_defined", ctx.bool_type()),
-            stop: StructField::create(&mut counter, "stop", int_ty),
-            step_defined: StructField::create(&mut counter, "step_defined", ctx.bool_type()),
-            step: StructField::create(&mut counter, "step", int_ty),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> SliceType<'ctx> {
-    /// Checks whether `llvm_ty` represents a `slice` type, returning [Err] if it does not.
-    pub fn is_representable(
-        llvm_ty: PointerType<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        let ctx = llvm_ty.get_context();
-
-        let fields = SliceFields::new(ctx, llvm_usize);
-
-        let llvm_ty = llvm_ty.get_element_type();
-        let AnyTypeEnum::StructType(llvm_ty) = llvm_ty else {
-            return Err(format!("Expected struct type for `Slice` type, got {llvm_ty}"));
-        };
-
-        check_struct_type_matches_fields(
-            fields,
-            llvm_ty,
-            "Slice",
-            &[
-                (fields.start.name(), &|ty| {
-                    if ty.is_int_type() {
-                        Ok(())
-                    } else {
-                        Err(format!("Expected int type for `Slice.start`, got {ty}"))
-                    }
-                }),
-                (fields.stop.name(), &|ty| {
-                    if ty.is_int_type() {
-                        Ok(())
-                    } else {
-                        Err(format!("Expected int type for `Slice.stop`, got {ty}"))
-                    }
-                }),
-                (fields.step.name(), &|ty| {
-                    if ty.is_int_type() {
-                        Ok(())
-                    } else {
-                        Err(format!("Expected int type for `Slice.step`, got {ty}"))
-                    }
-                }),
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    // TODO: Move this into e.g. StructProxyType
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_fields(&self) -> SliceFields<'ctx> {
-        SliceFields::new_sized(&self.int_ty.get_context(), self.int_ty)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an LLVM type corresponding to the expected structure of a `Slice`.
-    #[must_use]
-    fn llvm_type(ctx: &'ctx Context, int_ty: IntType<'ctx>) -> PointerType<'ctx> {
-        let field_tys = SliceFields::new_sized(&int_ty.get_context(), int_ty)
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|field| field.1)
-            .collect_vec();
-
-        ctx.struct_type(&field_tys, false).ptr_type(AddressSpace::default())
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an instance of [`SliceType`] with `int_ty` as its backing integer type.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new(ctx: &'ctx Context, int_ty: IntType<'ctx>, llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        let llvm_ty = Self::llvm_type(ctx, int_ty);
-
-        Self { ty: llvm_ty, int_ty, llvm_usize }
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an instance of [`SliceType`] with `usize` as its backing integer type.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new_usize<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(generator: &G, ctx: &'ctx Context) -> Self {
-        let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx);
-        Self::new(ctx, llvm_usize, llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an [`SliceType`] from a [`PointerType`] representing a `slice`.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_type(
-        ptr_ty: PointerType<'ctx>,
-        int_ty: IntType<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        debug_assert!(Self::is_representable(ptr_ty, int_ty).is_ok());
-
-        Self { ty: ptr_ty, int_ty, llvm_usize }
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn element_type(&self) -> IntType<'ctx> {
-        self.int_ty
-    }
-
-    /// Allocates an instance of [`ContiguousNDArrayValue`] as if by calling `alloca` on the base type.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value::from_pointer_value(
-            self.raw_alloca(generator, ctx, name),
-            self.int_ty,
-            self.llvm_usize,
-            name,
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Converts an existing value into a [`ContiguousNDArrayValue`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn map_value(
-        &self,
-        value: <<Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Base,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value {
-        <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::Value::from_pointer_value(
-            value,
-            self.int_ty,
-            self.llvm_usize,
-            name,
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ProxyType<'ctx> for SliceType<'ctx> {
-    type Base = PointerType<'ctx>;
-    type Value = SliceValue<'ctx>;
-
-    fn is_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        llvm_ty: impl BasicType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        if let BasicTypeEnum::PointerType(ty) = llvm_ty.as_basic_type_enum() {
-            <Self as ProxyType<'ctx>>::is_representable(generator, ctx, ty)
-        } else {
-            Err(format!("Expected pointer type, got {llvm_ty:?}"))
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn is_representable<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        llvm_ty: Self::Base,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        Self::is_representable(llvm_ty, generator.get_size_type(ctx))
-    }
-
-    fn raw_alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> <Self::Value as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Base {
-        generator
-            .gen_var_alloc(
-                ctx,
-                self.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_struct_type().into(),
-                name,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn array_alloca<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        size: IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> ArraySliceValue<'ctx> {
-        generator
-            .gen_array_var_alloc(
-                ctx,
-                self.as_base_type().get_element_type().into_struct_type().into(),
-                size,
-                name,
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn as_base_type(&self) -> Self::Base {
-        self.ty
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> From<SliceType<'ctx>> for PointerType<'ctx> {
-    fn from(value: SliceType<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        value.as_base_type()
-    }
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/values/array.rs

@@ -1,426 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    types::AnyTypeEnum,
-    values::{BasicValueEnum, IntValue, PointerValue},
-    IntPredicate,
-};
-
-use crate::codegen::{CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator};
-
-/// An LLVM value that is array-like, i.e. it contains a contiguous, sequenced collection of
-/// elements.
-pub trait ArrayLikeValue<'ctx> {
-    /// Returns the element type of this array-like value.
-    fn element_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &G,
-    ) -> AnyTypeEnum<'ctx>;
-
-    /// Returns the base pointer to the array.
-    fn base_ptr<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &G,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx>;
-
-    /// Returns the size of this array-like value.
-    fn size<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &G,
-    ) -> IntValue<'ctx>;
-
-    /// Returns a [`ArraySliceValue`] representing this value.
-    fn as_slice_value<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &G,
-    ) -> ArraySliceValue<'ctx> {
-        ArraySliceValue::from_ptr_val(
-            self.base_ptr(ctx, generator),
-            self.size(ctx, generator),
-            None,
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// An array-like value that can be indexed by memory offset.
-pub trait ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx, Index = IntValue<'ctx>>: ArrayLikeValue<'ctx> {
-    /// # Safety
-    ///
-    /// This function should be called with a valid index.
-    unsafe fn ptr_offset_unchecked<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &Index,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx>;
-
-    /// Returns the pointer to the data at the `idx`-th index.
-    fn ptr_offset<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &Index,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx>;
-}
-
-/// An array-like value that can have its array elements accessed as a [`BasicValueEnum`].
-pub trait UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx, Index = IntValue<'ctx>>:
-    ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx, Index>
-{
-    /// # Safety
-    ///
-    /// This function should be called with a valid index.
-    unsafe fn get_unchecked<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &Index,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> BasicValueEnum<'ctx> {
-        let ptr = unsafe { self.ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, idx, name) };
-        ctx.builder.build_load(ptr, name.unwrap_or_default()).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the data at the `idx`-th index.
-    fn get<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &Index,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> BasicValueEnum<'ctx> {
-        let ptr = self.ptr_offset(ctx, generator, idx, name);
-        ctx.builder.build_load(ptr, name.unwrap_or_default()).unwrap()
-    }
-}
-
-/// An array-like value that can have its array elements mutated as a [`BasicValueEnum`].
-pub trait UntypedArrayLikeMutator<'ctx, Index = IntValue<'ctx>>:
-    ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx, Index>
-{
-    /// # Safety
-    ///
-    /// This function should be called with a valid index.
-    unsafe fn set_unchecked<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &Index,
-        value: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
-    ) {
-        let ptr = unsafe { self.ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, idx, None) };
-        ctx.builder.build_store(ptr, value).unwrap();
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the data at the `idx`-th index.
-    fn set<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &Index,
-        value: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
-    ) {
-        let ptr = self.ptr_offset(ctx, generator, idx, None);
-        ctx.builder.build_store(ptr, value).unwrap();
-    }
-}
-
-/// An array-like value that can have its array elements accessed as an arbitrary type `T`.
-pub trait TypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx, T, Index = IntValue<'ctx>>:
-    UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx, Index>
-{
-    /// Casts an element from [`BasicValueEnum`] into `T`.
-    fn downcast_to_type(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        value: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
-    ) -> T;
-
-    /// # Safety
-    ///
-    /// This function should be called with a valid index.
-    unsafe fn get_typed_unchecked<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &Index,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> T {
-        let value = unsafe { self.get_unchecked(ctx, generator, idx, name) };
-        self.downcast_to_type(ctx, value)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the data at the `idx`-th index.
-    fn get_typed<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &Index,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> T {
-        let value = self.get(ctx, generator, idx, name);
-        self.downcast_to_type(ctx, value)
-    }
-}
-
-/// An array-like value that can have its array elements mutated as an arbitrary type `T`.
-pub trait TypedArrayLikeMutator<'ctx, T, Index = IntValue<'ctx>>:
-    UntypedArrayLikeMutator<'ctx, Index>
-{
-    /// Casts an element from T into [`BasicValueEnum`].
-    fn upcast_from_type(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        value: T,
-    ) -> BasicValueEnum<'ctx>;
-
-    /// # Safety
-    ///
-    /// This function should be called with a valid index.
-    unsafe fn set_typed_unchecked<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &Index,
-        value: T,
-    ) {
-        let value = self.upcast_from_type(ctx, value);
-        unsafe { self.set_unchecked(ctx, generator, idx, value) }
-    }
-
-    /// Sets the data at the `idx`-th index.
-    fn set_typed<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &Index,
-        value: T,
-    ) {
-        let value = self.upcast_from_type(ctx, value);
-        self.set(ctx, generator, idx, value);
-    }
-}
-
-/// Type alias for a function that casts a [`BasicValueEnum`] into a `T`.
-type ValueDowncastFn<'ctx, T> =
-    Box<dyn Fn(&mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, BasicValueEnum<'ctx>) -> T + 'ctx>;
-/// Type alias for a function that casts a `T` into a [`BasicValueEnum`].
-type ValueUpcastFn<'ctx, T> = Box<dyn Fn(&mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, T) -> BasicValueEnum<'ctx>>;
-
-/// An adapter for constraining untyped array values as typed values.
-pub struct TypedArrayLikeAdapter<'ctx, T, Adapted: ArrayLikeValue<'ctx> = ArraySliceValue<'ctx>> {
-    adapted: Adapted,
-    downcast_fn: ValueDowncastFn<'ctx, T>,
-    upcast_fn: ValueUpcastFn<'ctx, T>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx, T, Adapted> TypedArrayLikeAdapter<'ctx, T, Adapted>
-where
-    Adapted: ArrayLikeValue<'ctx>,
-{
-    /// Creates a [`TypedArrayLikeAdapter`].
-    ///
-    /// * `adapted` - The value to be adapted.
-    /// * `downcast_fn` - The function converting a [`BasicValueEnum`] into a `T`.
-    /// * `upcast_fn` - The function converting a T into a [`BasicValueEnum`].
-    pub fn from(
-        adapted: Adapted,
-        downcast_fn: ValueDowncastFn<'ctx, T>,
-        upcast_fn: ValueUpcastFn<'ctx, T>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        TypedArrayLikeAdapter { adapted, downcast_fn, upcast_fn }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx, T, Adapted> ArrayLikeValue<'ctx> for TypedArrayLikeAdapter<'ctx, T, Adapted>
-where
-    Adapted: ArrayLikeValue<'ctx>,
-{
-    fn element_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &G,
-    ) -> AnyTypeEnum<'ctx> {
-        self.adapted.element_type(ctx, generator)
-    }
-
-    fn base_ptr<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &G,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        self.adapted.base_ptr(ctx, generator)
-    }
-
-    fn size<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &G,
-    ) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        self.adapted.size(ctx, generator)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx, T, Index, Adapted> ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx, Index>
-    for TypedArrayLikeAdapter<'ctx, T, Adapted>
-where
-    Adapted: ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx, Index>,
-{
-    unsafe fn ptr_offset_unchecked<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &Index,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        unsafe { self.adapted.ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, idx, name) }
-    }
-
-    fn ptr_offset<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &Index,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        self.adapted.ptr_offset(ctx, generator, idx, name)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx, T, Index, Adapted> UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx, Index>
-    for TypedArrayLikeAdapter<'ctx, T, Adapted>
-where
-    Adapted: UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx, Index>,
-{
-}
-impl<'ctx, T, Index, Adapted> UntypedArrayLikeMutator<'ctx, Index>
-    for TypedArrayLikeAdapter<'ctx, T, Adapted>
-where
-    Adapted: UntypedArrayLikeMutator<'ctx, Index>,
-{
-}
-
-impl<'ctx, T, Index, Adapted> TypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx, T, Index>
-    for TypedArrayLikeAdapter<'ctx, T, Adapted>
-where
-    Adapted: UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx, Index>,
-{
-    fn downcast_to_type(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        value: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
-    ) -> T {
-        (self.downcast_fn)(ctx, value)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx, T, Index, Adapted> TypedArrayLikeMutator<'ctx, T, Index>
-    for TypedArrayLikeAdapter<'ctx, T, Adapted>
-where
-    Adapted: UntypedArrayLikeMutator<'ctx, Index>,
-{
-    fn upcast_from_type(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        value: T,
-    ) -> BasicValueEnum<'ctx> {
-        (self.upcast_fn)(ctx, value)
-    }
-}
-
-/// An LLVM value representing an array slice, consisting of a pointer to the data and the size of
-/// the slice.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct ArraySliceValue<'ctx>(PointerValue<'ctx>, IntValue<'ctx>, Option<&'ctx str>);
-
-impl<'ctx> ArraySliceValue<'ctx> {
-    /// Creates an [`ArraySliceValue`] from a [`PointerValue`] and its size.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_ptr_val(
-        ptr: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        size: IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        ArraySliceValue(ptr, size, name)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> From<ArraySliceValue<'ctx>> for PointerValue<'ctx> {
-    fn from(value: ArraySliceValue<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        value.0
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ArrayLikeValue<'ctx> for ArraySliceValue<'ctx> {
-    fn element_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        _: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        _: &G,
-    ) -> AnyTypeEnum<'ctx> {
-        self.0.get_type().get_element_type()
-    }
-
-    fn base_ptr<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        _: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        _: &G,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        self.0
-    }
-
-    fn size<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        _: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        _: &G,
-    ) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        self.1
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx> for ArraySliceValue<'ctx> {
-    unsafe fn ptr_offset_unchecked<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let var_name = name.map(|v| format!("{v}.addr")).unwrap_or_default();
-
-        unsafe {
-            ctx.builder
-                .build_in_bounds_gep(self.base_ptr(ctx, generator), &[*idx], var_name.as_str())
-                .unwrap()
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn ptr_offset<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        debug_assert_eq!(idx.get_type(), generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx));
-
-        let size = self.size(ctx, generator);
-        let in_range = ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::ULT, *idx, size, "").unwrap();
-        ctx.make_assert(
-            generator,
-            in_range,
-            "0:IndexError",
-            "list index out of range",
-            [None, None, None],
-            ctx.current_loc,
-        );
-
-        unsafe { self.ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, idx, name) }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx> for ArraySliceValue<'ctx> {}
-impl<'ctx> UntypedArrayLikeMutator<'ctx> for ArraySliceValue<'ctx> {}

nac3core/src/codegen/values/list.rs

@@ -1,241 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    types::{AnyTypeEnum, BasicType, BasicTypeEnum, IntType},
-    values::{BasicValueEnum, IntValue, PointerValue},
-    AddressSpace, IntPredicate,
-};
-
-use super::{
-    ArrayLikeIndexer, ArrayLikeValue, ProxyValue, UntypedArrayLikeAccessor, UntypedArrayLikeMutator,
-};
-use crate::codegen::{
-    types::ListType,
-    {CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator},
-};
-
-/// Proxy type for accessing a `list` value in LLVM.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct ListValue<'ctx> {
-    value: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-    llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ListValue<'ctx> {
-    /// Checks whether `value` is an instance of `list`, returning [Err] if `value` is not an
-    /// instance.
-    pub fn is_representable(
-        value: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        ListType::is_representable(value.get_type(), llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an [`ListValue`] from a [`PointerValue`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_pointer_value(
-        ptr: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        debug_assert!(Self::is_representable(ptr, llvm_usize).is_ok());
-
-        ListValue { value: ptr, llvm_usize, name }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the double-indirection pointer to the `data` array, as if by calling `getelementptr`
-    /// on the field.
-    fn pptr_to_data(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
-        let var_name = self.name.map(|v| format!("{v}.data.addr")).unwrap_or_default();
-
-        unsafe {
-            ctx.builder
-                .build_in_bounds_gep(
-                    self.as_base_value(),
-                    &[llvm_i32.const_zero(), llvm_i32.const_zero()],
-                    var_name.as_str(),
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the pointer to the field storing the size of this `list`.
-    fn ptr_to_size(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
-        let var_name = self.name.map(|v| format!("{v}.size.addr")).unwrap_or_default();
-
-        unsafe {
-            ctx.builder
-                .build_in_bounds_gep(
-                    self.as_base_value(),
-                    &[llvm_i32.const_zero(), llvm_i32.const_int(1, true)],
-                    var_name.as_str(),
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Stores the array of data elements `data` into this instance.
-    fn store_data(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, data: PointerValue<'ctx>) {
-        ctx.builder.build_store(self.pptr_to_data(ctx), data).unwrap();
-    }
-
-    /// Convenience method for creating a new array storing data elements with the given element
-    /// type `elem_ty` and `size`.
-    ///
-    /// If `size` is [None], the size stored in the field of this instance is used instead.
-    pub fn create_data(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        elem_ty: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-        size: Option<IntValue<'ctx>>,
-    ) {
-        let size = size.unwrap_or_else(|| self.load_size(ctx, None));
-
-        let data = ctx
-            .builder
-            .build_select(
-                ctx.builder
-                    .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::NE, size, self.llvm_usize.const_zero(), "")
-                    .unwrap(),
-                ctx.builder.build_array_alloca(elem_ty, size, "").unwrap(),
-                elem_ty.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()).const_zero(),
-                "",
-            )
-            .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
-            .unwrap();
-        self.store_data(ctx, data);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the double-indirection pointer to the `data` array, as if by calling `getelementptr`
-    /// on the field.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn data(&self) -> ListDataProxy<'ctx, '_> {
-        ListDataProxy(self)
-    }
-
-    /// Stores the `size` of this `list` into this instance.
-    pub fn store_size<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &G,
-        size: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    ) {
-        debug_assert_eq!(size.get_type(), generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx));
-
-        let psize = self.ptr_to_size(ctx);
-        ctx.builder.build_store(psize, size).unwrap();
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the size of this `list` as a value.
-    pub fn load_size(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, name: Option<&str>) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        let psize = self.ptr_to_size(ctx);
-        let var_name = name
-            .map(ToString::to_string)
-            .or_else(|| self.name.map(|v| format!("{v}.size")))
-            .unwrap_or_default();
-
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_load(psize, var_name.as_str())
-            .map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value)
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ProxyValue<'ctx> for ListValue<'ctx> {
-    type Base = PointerValue<'ctx>;
-    type Type = ListType<'ctx>;
-
-    fn get_type(&self) -> Self::Type {
-        ListType::from_type(self.as_base_value().get_type(), self.llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    fn as_base_value(&self) -> Self::Base {
-        self.value
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> From<ListValue<'ctx>> for PointerValue<'ctx> {
-    fn from(value: ListValue<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        value.as_base_value()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Proxy type for accessing the `data` array of an `list` instance in LLVM.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct ListDataProxy<'ctx, 'a>(&'a ListValue<'ctx>);
-
-impl<'ctx> ArrayLikeValue<'ctx> for ListDataProxy<'ctx, '_> {
-    fn element_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        _: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        _: &G,
-    ) -> AnyTypeEnum<'ctx> {
-        self.0.value.get_type().get_element_type()
-    }
-
-    fn base_ptr<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        _: &G,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let var_name = self.0.name.map(|v| format!("{v}.data")).unwrap_or_default();
-
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_load(self.0.pptr_to_data(ctx), var_name.as_str())
-            .map(BasicValueEnum::into_pointer_value)
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn size<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        _: &G,
-    ) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        self.0.load_size(ctx, None)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx> for ListDataProxy<'ctx, '_> {
-    unsafe fn ptr_offset_unchecked<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let var_name = name.map(|v| format!("{v}.addr")).unwrap_or_default();
-
-        unsafe {
-            ctx.builder
-                .build_in_bounds_gep(self.base_ptr(ctx, generator), &[*idx], var_name.as_str())
-                .unwrap()
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn ptr_offset<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        debug_assert_eq!(idx.get_type(), generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx));
-
-        let size = self.size(ctx, generator);
-        let in_range = ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::ULT, *idx, size, "").unwrap();
-        ctx.make_assert(
-            generator,
-            in_range,
-            "0:IndexError",
-            "list index out of range",
-            [None, None, None],
-            ctx.current_loc,
-        );
-
-        unsafe { self.ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, idx, name) }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx> for ListDataProxy<'ctx, '_> {}
-impl<'ctx> UntypedArrayLikeMutator<'ctx> for ListDataProxy<'ctx, '_> {}

nac3core/src/codegen/values/mod.rs

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{context::Context, values::BasicValue};
-
-use super::types::ProxyType;
-use crate::codegen::CodeGenerator;
-pub use array::*;
-pub use list::*;
-pub use range::*;
-
-mod array;
-mod list;
-pub mod ndarray;
-mod range;
-pub mod utils;
-
-/// A LLVM type that is used to represent a non-primitive value in NAC3.
-pub trait ProxyValue<'ctx>: Into<Self::Base> {
-    /// The type of LLVM values represented by this instance. This is usually the
-    /// [LLVM pointer type][PointerValue].
-    type Base: BasicValue<'ctx>;
-
-    /// The type of this value.
-    type Type: ProxyType<'ctx, Value = Self>;
-
-    /// Checks whether `value` can be represented by this [`ProxyValue`].
-    fn is_instance<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        value: impl BasicValue<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        Self::Type::is_type(generator, ctx, value.as_basic_value_enum().get_type())
-    }
-
-    /// Checks whether `value` can be represented by this [`ProxyValue`].
-    fn is_representable<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &'ctx Context,
-        value: Self::Base,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        Self::is_instance(generator, ctx, value.as_basic_value_enum())
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the [type][ProxyType] of this value.
-    fn get_type(&self) -> Self::Type;
-
-    /// Returns the [base value][Self::Base] of this proxy.
-    fn as_base_value(&self) -> Self::Base;
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/values/ndarray/contiguous.rs

@@ -1,202 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    types::{BasicType, BasicTypeEnum, IntType},
-    values::{IntValue, PointerValue},
-    AddressSpace,
-};
-
-use super::{ArrayLikeValue, NDArrayValue, ProxyValue};
-use crate::codegen::{
-    stmt::gen_if_callback,
-    types::{
-        ndarray::{ContiguousNDArrayType, NDArrayType},
-        structure::StructField,
-    },
-    CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-};
-
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct ContiguousNDArrayValue<'ctx> {
-    value: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-    item: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-    llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ContiguousNDArrayValue<'ctx> {
-    /// Checks whether `value` is an instance of `ContiguousNDArray`, returning [Err] if `value` is
-    /// not an instance.
-    pub fn is_representable(
-        value: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        <Self as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Type::is_representable(value.get_type(), llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an [`ContiguousNDArrayValue`] from a [`PointerValue`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_pointer_value(
-        ptr: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        dtype: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        debug_assert!(Self::is_representable(ptr, llvm_usize).is_ok());
-
-        Self { value: ptr, item: dtype, llvm_usize, name }
-    }
-
-    fn ndims_field(&self) -> StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields().ndims
-    }
-
-    pub fn store_ndims(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, value: IntValue<'ctx>) {
-        self.ndims_field().set(ctx, self.as_base_value(), value, self.name);
-    }
-
-    fn shape_field(&self) -> StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields().shape
-    }
-
-    pub fn store_shape(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, value: PointerValue<'ctx>) {
-        self.shape_field().set(ctx, self.as_base_value(), value, self.name);
-    }
-
-    pub fn load_shape(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        self.shape_field().get(ctx, self.value, self.name)
-    }
-
-    fn data_field(&self) -> StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields().data
-    }
-
-    pub fn store_data(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, value: PointerValue<'ctx>) {
-        self.data_field().set(ctx, self.as_base_value(), value, self.name);
-    }
-
-    pub fn load_data(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        self.data_field().get(ctx, self.value, self.name)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ProxyValue<'ctx> for ContiguousNDArrayValue<'ctx> {
-    type Base = PointerValue<'ctx>;
-    type Type = ContiguousNDArrayType<'ctx>;
-
-    fn get_type(&self) -> Self::Type {
-        <Self as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Type::from_type(
-            self.as_base_value().get_type(),
-            self.item,
-            self.llvm_usize,
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn as_base_value(&self) -> Self::Base {
-        self.value
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> From<ContiguousNDArrayValue<'ctx>> for PointerValue<'ctx> {
-    fn from(value: ContiguousNDArrayValue<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        value.as_base_value()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> NDArrayValue<'ctx> {
-    /// Create a [`ContiguousNDArrayValue`] from the contents of this ndarray.
-    ///
-    /// This function may or may not be expensive depending on if this ndarray has contiguous data.
-    ///
-    /// If this ndarray is not C-contiguous, this function will allocate memory on the stack for the
-    /// `data` field of the returned [`ContiguousNDArrayValue`] and copy contents of this ndarray to
-    /// there.
-    ///
-    /// If this ndarray is C-contiguous, contents of this ndarray will not be copied. The created
-    /// [`ContiguousNDArrayValue`] will share memory with this ndarray.
-    pub fn make_contiguous_ndarray<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ) -> ContiguousNDArrayValue<'ctx> {
-        let result = ContiguousNDArrayType::new(generator, ctx.ctx, self.dtype)
-            .alloca(generator, ctx, self.name);
-
-        // Set ndims and shape.
-        let ndims = self
-            .ndims
-            .map_or_else(|| self.load_ndims(ctx), |ndims| self.llvm_usize.const_int(ndims, false));
-        result.store_ndims(ctx, ndims);
-
-        let shape = self.shape();
-        result.store_shape(ctx, shape.base_ptr(ctx, generator));
-
-        gen_if_callback(
-            generator,
-            ctx,
-            |generator, ctx| Ok(self.is_c_contiguous(generator, ctx)),
-            |_, ctx| {
-                // This ndarray is contiguous.
-                let data = self.data_field(ctx).get(ctx, self.as_base_value(), self.name);
-                let data = ctx
-                    .builder
-                    .build_pointer_cast(data, result.item.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "")
-                    .unwrap();
-                result.store_data(ctx, data);
-
-                Ok(())
-            },
-            |generator, ctx| {
-                // This ndarray is not contiguous. Do a full-copy on `data`. `make_copy` produces an
-                // ndarray with contiguous `data`.
-                let copied_ndarray = self.make_copy(generator, ctx);
-                let data = copied_ndarray.data().base_ptr(ctx, generator);
-                let data = ctx
-                    .builder
-                    .build_pointer_cast(data, result.item.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "")
-                    .unwrap();
-                result.store_data(ctx, data);
-
-                Ok(())
-            },
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-        result
-    }
-
-    /// Create an [`NDArrayValue`] from a [`ContiguousNDArrayValue`].
-    ///
-    /// The operation is cheap. The newly created [`NDArrayValue`] will share the same memory as the
-    /// [`ContiguousNDArrayValue`].
-    ///
-    /// `ndims` has to be provided as [`NDArrayValue`] requires a statically known `ndims` value,
-    /// despite the fact that the information should be contained within the
-    /// [`ContiguousNDArrayValue`].
-    pub fn from_contiguous_ndarray<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        carray: ContiguousNDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-        ndims: u64,
-    ) -> Self {
-        // TODO: Debug assert `ndims == carray.ndims` to catch bugs.
-
-        // Allocate the resulting ndarray.
-        let ndarray = NDArrayType::new(generator, ctx.ctx, carray.item, Some(ndims))
-            .construct_uninitialized(generator, ctx, carray.name);
-
-        // Copy shape and update strides
-        let shape = carray.load_shape(ctx);
-        ndarray.copy_shape_from_array(generator, ctx, shape);
-        ndarray.set_strides_contiguous(generator, ctx);
-
-        // Share data
-        let data = carray.load_data(ctx);
-        ndarray.store_data(
-            ctx,
-            ctx.builder
-                .build_pointer_cast(data, ctx.ctx.i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "")
-                .unwrap(),
-        );
-
-        ndarray
-    }
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/values/ndarray/indexing.rs

@@ -1,262 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    types::IntType,
-    values::{IntValue, PointerValue},
-    AddressSpace,
-};
-use itertools::Itertools;
-
-use nac3parser::ast::{Expr, ExprKind};
-
-use crate::{
-    codegen::{
-        irrt,
-        types::{
-            ndarray::{NDArrayType, NDIndexType},
-            structure::StructField,
-            utils::SliceType,
-        },
-        values::{ndarray::NDArrayValue, utils::RustSlice, ProxyValue},
-        CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-    },
-    typecheck::typedef::Type,
-};
-
-/// An IRRT representation of an ndarray subscript index.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct NDIndexValue<'ctx> {
-    value: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-    llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> NDIndexValue<'ctx> {
-    /// Checks whether `value` is an instance of `ndindex`, returning [Err] if `value` is not an
-    /// instance.
-    pub fn is_representable(
-        value: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        <Self as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Type::is_representable(value.get_type(), llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an [`NDIndexValue`] from a [`PointerValue`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_pointer_value(
-        ptr: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        debug_assert!(Self::is_representable(ptr, llvm_usize).is_ok());
-
-        Self { value: ptr, llvm_usize, name }
-    }
-
-    fn type_field(&self) -> StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields().type_
-    }
-
-    pub fn load_type(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        self.type_field().get(ctx, self.value, self.name)
-    }
-
-    pub fn store_type(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, value: IntValue<'ctx>) {
-        self.type_field().set(ctx, self.value, value, self.name);
-    }
-
-    fn data_field(&self) -> StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields().data
-    }
-
-    pub fn load_data(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        self.data_field().get(ctx, self.value, self.name)
-    }
-
-    pub fn store_data(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, value: PointerValue<'ctx>) {
-        self.data_field().set(ctx, self.value, value, self.name);
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ProxyValue<'ctx> for NDIndexValue<'ctx> {
-    type Base = PointerValue<'ctx>;
-    type Type = NDIndexType<'ctx>;
-
-    fn get_type(&self) -> Self::Type {
-        Self::Type::from_type(self.value.get_type(), self.llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    fn as_base_value(&self) -> Self::Base {
-        self.value
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> From<NDIndexValue<'ctx>> for PointerValue<'ctx> {
-    fn from(value: NDIndexValue<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        value.as_base_value()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> NDArrayValue<'ctx> {
-    /// Get the expected `ndims` after indexing with `indices`.
-    #[must_use]
-    fn deduce_ndims_after_indexing_with(&self, indices: &[RustNDIndex<'ctx>]) -> Option<u64> {
-        let mut ndims = self.ndims?;
-
-        for index in indices {
-            match index {
-                RustNDIndex::SingleElement(_) => {
-                    ndims -= 1; // Single elements decrements ndims
-                }
-                RustNDIndex::NewAxis => {
-                    ndims += 1; // `np.newaxis` / `none` adds a new axis
-                }
-                RustNDIndex::Ellipsis | RustNDIndex::Slice(_) => {}
-            }
-        }
-
-        Some(ndims)
-    }
-
-    /// Index into the ndarray, and return a newly-allocated view on this ndarray.
-    ///
-    /// This function behaves like NumPy's ndarray indexing, but if the indices index
-    /// into a single element, an unsized ndarray is returned.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn index<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        indices: &[RustNDIndex<'ctx>],
-    ) -> Self {
-        assert!(self.ndims.is_some(), "NDArrayValue::index is only supported for instances with compile-time known ndims (self.ndims = Some(...))");
-
-        let dst_ndims = self.deduce_ndims_after_indexing_with(indices);
-        let dst_ndarray = NDArrayType::new(generator, ctx.ctx, self.dtype, dst_ndims)
-            .construct_uninitialized(generator, ctx, None);
-
-        let indices =
-            NDIndexType::new(generator, ctx.ctx).construct_ndindices(generator, ctx, indices);
-        irrt::ndarray::call_nac3_ndarray_index(generator, ctx, indices, *self, dst_ndarray);
-
-        dst_ndarray
-    }
-}
-
-/// A convenience enum representing a [`NDIndexValue`].
-// TODO: Rename to CTConstNDIndex
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum RustNDIndex<'ctx> {
-    SingleElement(IntValue<'ctx>),
-    Slice(RustSlice<'ctx>),
-    NewAxis,
-    Ellipsis,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> RustNDIndex<'ctx> {
-    /// Generate LLVM code to transform an ndarray subscript expression to
-    /// its list of [`RustNDIndex`]
-    ///
-    /// i.e.,
-    /// ```python
-    /// my_ndarray[::3, 1, :2:]
-    ///            ^^^^^^^^^^^ Then these into a three `RustNDIndex`es
-    /// ```
-    pub fn from_subscript_expr<G: CodeGenerator>(
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        subscript: &Expr<Option<Type>>,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<RustNDIndex<'ctx>>, String> {
-        // Annoying notes about `slice`
-        //  - `my_array[5]`
-        //    - slice is a `Constant`
-        //  - `my_array[:5]`
-        //    - slice is a `Slice`
-        //  - `my_array[:]`
-        //    - slice is a `Slice`, but lower upper step would all be `Option::None`
-        //  - `my_array[:, :]`
-        //    - slice is now a `Tuple` of two `Slice`-s
-        //
-        // In summary:
-        //  - when there is a comma "," within [], `slice` will be a `Tuple` of the entries.
-        //  - when there is not comma "," within [] (i.e., just a single entry), `slice` will be that entry itself.
-        //
-        // So we first "flatten" out the slice expression
-        let index_exprs = match &subscript.node {
-            ExprKind::Tuple { elts, .. } => elts.iter().collect_vec(),
-            _ => vec![subscript],
-        };
-
-        // Process all index expressions
-        let mut rust_ndindices: Vec<RustNDIndex> = Vec::with_capacity(index_exprs.len()); // Not using iterators here because `?` is used here.
-        for index_expr in index_exprs {
-            // NOTE: Currently nac3core's slices do not have an object representation,
-            // so the code/implementation looks awkward - we have to do pattern matching on the expression
-            let ndindex = if let ExprKind::Slice { lower, upper, step } = &index_expr.node {
-                // Handle slices
-                let slice = RustSlice::from_slice_expr(generator, ctx, lower, upper, step)?;
-                RustNDIndex::Slice(slice)
-            } else {
-                // Treat and handle everything else as a single element index.
-                let index = generator.gen_expr(ctx, index_expr)?.unwrap().to_basic_value_enum(
-                    ctx,
-                    generator,
-                    ctx.primitives.int32, // Must be int32, this checks for illegal values
-                )?;
-                let index = index.into_int_value();
-
-                RustNDIndex::SingleElement(index)
-            };
-            rust_ndindices.push(ndindex);
-        }
-        Ok(rust_ndindices)
-    }
-
-    /// Get the value to set `NDIndex::type` for this variant.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_type_id(&self) -> u64 {
-        // Defined in IRRT, must be in sync
-        match self {
-            RustNDIndex::SingleElement(_) => 0,
-            RustNDIndex::Slice(_) => 1,
-            RustNDIndex::NewAxis => 2,
-            RustNDIndex::Ellipsis => 3,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Serialize this [`RustNDIndex`] by writing it into an LLVM [`NDIndexValue`].
-    pub fn write_to_ndindex<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        dst_ndindex: NDIndexValue<'ctx>,
-    ) {
-        let llvm_pi8 = ctx.ctx.i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default());
-
-        // Set `dst_ndindex.type`
-        dst_ndindex.store_type(ctx, ctx.ctx.i8_type().const_int(self.get_type_id(), false));
-
-        // Set `dst_ndindex_ptr->data`
-        match self {
-            RustNDIndex::SingleElement(in_index) => {
-                let index_ptr = ctx.builder.build_alloca(ctx.ctx.i32_type(), "").unwrap();
-                ctx.builder.build_store(index_ptr, *in_index).unwrap();
-
-                dst_ndindex.store_data(
-                    ctx,
-                    ctx.builder.build_pointer_cast(index_ptr, llvm_pi8, "").unwrap(),
-                );
-            }
-            RustNDIndex::Slice(in_rust_slice) => {
-                let user_slice_ptr =
-                    SliceType::new(ctx.ctx, ctx.ctx.i32_type(), generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx))
-                        .alloca(generator, ctx, None);
-                in_rust_slice.write_to_slice(ctx, user_slice_ptr);
-
-                dst_ndindex.store_data(
-                    ctx,
-                    ctx.builder.build_pointer_cast(user_slice_ptr.into(), llvm_pi8, "").unwrap(),
-                );
-            }
-            RustNDIndex::NewAxis | RustNDIndex::Ellipsis => {}
-        }
-    }
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/values/ndarray/mod.rs

@@ -1,933 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    types::{AnyType, AnyTypeEnum, BasicType, BasicTypeEnum, IntType},
-    values::{BasicValueEnum, IntValue, PointerValue},
-    AddressSpace, IntPredicate,
-};
-
-use super::{
-    ArrayLikeIndexer, ArrayLikeValue, ProxyValue, TypedArrayLikeAccessor, TypedArrayLikeMutator,
-    UntypedArrayLikeAccessor, UntypedArrayLikeMutator,
-};
-use crate::codegen::{
-    irrt,
-    llvm_intrinsics::{call_int_umin, call_memcpy_generic_array},
-    stmt::gen_for_callback_incrementing,
-    type_aligned_alloca,
-    types::{ndarray::NDArrayType, structure::StructField},
-    CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-};
-pub use contiguous::*;
-pub use indexing::*;
-pub use nditer::*;
-pub use view::*;
-
-mod contiguous;
-mod indexing;
-mod nditer;
-mod view;
-
-/// Proxy type for accessing an `NDArray` value in LLVM.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct NDArrayValue<'ctx> {
-    value: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-    dtype: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-    ndims: Option<u64>,
-    llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> NDArrayValue<'ctx> {
-    /// Checks whether `value` is an instance of `NDArray`, returning [Err] if `value` is not an
-    /// instance.
-    pub fn is_representable(
-        value: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        NDArrayType::is_representable(value.get_type(), llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an [`NDArrayValue`] from a [`PointerValue`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_pointer_value(
-        ptr: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        dtype: BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>,
-        ndims: Option<u64>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        debug_assert!(Self::is_representable(ptr, llvm_usize).is_ok());
-
-        NDArrayValue { value: ptr, dtype, ndims, llvm_usize, name }
-    }
-
-    fn ndims_field(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields(ctx.ctx).ndims
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the pointer to the field storing the number of dimensions of this `NDArray`.
-    fn ptr_to_ndims(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        self.ndims_field(ctx).ptr_by_gep(ctx, self.value, self.name)
-    }
-
-    /// Stores the number of dimensions `ndims` into this instance.
-    pub fn store_ndims<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &G,
-        ndims: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    ) {
-        debug_assert_eq!(ndims.get_type(), generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx));
-
-        let pndims = self.ptr_to_ndims(ctx);
-        ctx.builder.build_store(pndims, ndims).unwrap();
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the number of dimensions of this `NDArray` as a value.
-    pub fn load_ndims(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        let pndims = self.ptr_to_ndims(ctx);
-        ctx.builder.build_load(pndims, "").map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn itemsize_field(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields(ctx.ctx).itemsize
-    }
-
-    /// Stores the size of each element `itemsize` into this instance.
-    pub fn store_itemsize<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &G,
-        itemsize: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    ) {
-        debug_assert_eq!(itemsize.get_type(), generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx));
-
-        self.itemsize_field(ctx).set(ctx, self.value, itemsize, self.name);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the size of each element of this `NDArray` as a value.
-    pub fn load_itemsize(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        self.itemsize_field(ctx).get(ctx, self.value, self.name)
-    }
-
-    fn shape_field(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields(ctx.ctx).shape
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the double-indirection pointer to the `shape` array, as if by calling
-    /// `getelementptr` on the field.
-    fn ptr_to_shape(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        self.shape_field(ctx).ptr_by_gep(ctx, self.value, self.name)
-    }
-
-    /// Stores the array of dimension sizes `dims` into this instance.
-    fn store_shape(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, dims: PointerValue<'ctx>) {
-        self.shape_field(ctx).set(ctx, self.as_base_value(), dims, self.name);
-    }
-
-    /// Convenience method for creating a new array storing dimension sizes with the given `size`.
-    pub fn create_shape(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-        size: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    ) {
-        self.store_shape(ctx, ctx.builder.build_array_alloca(llvm_usize, size, "").unwrap());
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a proxy object to the field storing the size of each dimension of this `NDArray`.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn shape(&self) -> NDArrayShapeProxy<'ctx, '_> {
-        NDArrayShapeProxy(self)
-    }
-
-    fn strides_field(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ) -> StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields(ctx.ctx).strides
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the double-indirection pointer to the `strides` array, as if by calling
-    /// `getelementptr` on the field.
-    fn ptr_to_strides(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        self.strides_field(ctx).ptr_by_gep(ctx, self.value, self.name)
-    }
-
-    /// Stores the array of stride sizes `strides` into this instance.
-    fn store_strides(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, strides: PointerValue<'ctx>) {
-        self.strides_field(ctx).set(ctx, self.as_base_value(), strides, self.name);
-    }
-
-    /// Convenience method for creating a new array storing the stride with the given `size`.
-    pub fn create_strides(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-        size: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    ) {
-        self.store_strides(ctx, ctx.builder.build_array_alloca(llvm_usize, size, "").unwrap());
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a proxy object to the field storing the stride of each dimension of this `NDArray`.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn strides(&self) -> NDArrayStridesProxy<'ctx, '_> {
-        NDArrayStridesProxy(self)
-    }
-
-    fn data_field(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields(ctx.ctx).data
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the double-indirection pointer to the `data` array, as if by calling `getelementptr`
-    /// on the field.
-    pub fn ptr_to_data(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        self.data_field(ctx).ptr_by_gep(ctx, self.value, self.name)
-    }
-
-    /// Stores the array of data elements `data` into this instance.
-    fn store_data(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, data: PointerValue<'ctx>) {
-        let data = ctx
-            .builder
-            .build_bit_cast(data, ctx.ctx.i8_type().ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "")
-            .unwrap();
-        self.data_field(ctx).set(ctx, self.as_base_value(), data.into_pointer_value(), self.name);
-    }
-
-    /// Convenience method for creating a new array storing data elements with the given element
-    /// type `elem_ty` and `size`.
-    ///
-    /// The data buffer will be allocated on the stack, and is considered to be owned by this ndarray instance.
-    ///
-    /// # Safety
-    ///
-    /// The caller must ensure that `shape` and `itemsize` of this ndarray instance is initialized.
-    pub unsafe fn create_data<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ) {
-        let nbytes = self.nbytes(generator, ctx);
-
-        let data = type_aligned_alloca(generator, ctx, self.dtype, nbytes, None);
-        self.store_data(ctx, data);
-
-        self.set_strides_contiguous(generator, ctx);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a proxy object to the field storing the data of this `NDArray`.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn data(&self) -> NDArrayDataProxy<'ctx, '_> {
-        NDArrayDataProxy(self)
-    }
-
-    /// Copy shape dimensions from an array.
-    pub fn copy_shape_from_array<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        shape: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-    ) {
-        let num_items = self.load_ndims(ctx);
-
-        call_memcpy_generic_array(
-            ctx,
-            self.shape().base_ptr(ctx, generator),
-            shape,
-            num_items,
-            ctx.ctx.bool_type().const_zero(),
-        );
-    }
-
-    /// Copy shape dimensions from an ndarray.
-    /// Panics if `ndims` mismatches.
-    pub fn copy_shape_from_ndarray<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        src_ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-    ) {
-        if self.ndims.is_some() && src_ndarray.ndims.is_some() {
-            assert_eq!(self.ndims, src_ndarray.ndims);
-        } else {
-            let self_ndims = self.load_ndims(ctx);
-            let src_ndims = src_ndarray.load_ndims(ctx);
-
-            ctx.make_assert(
-                generator,
-                ctx.builder.build_int_compare(
-                    IntPredicate::EQ,
-                    self_ndims,
-                    src_ndims,
-                    ""
-                ).unwrap(),
-                "0:AssertionError",
-                "NDArrayValue::copy_shape_from_ndarray: Expected self.ndims ({0}) == src_ndarray.ndims ({1})",
-                [Some(self_ndims), Some(src_ndims), None],
-                ctx.current_loc
-            );
-        }
-
-        let src_shape = src_ndarray.shape().base_ptr(ctx, generator);
-        self.copy_shape_from_array(generator, ctx, src_shape);
-    }
-
-    /// Copy strides dimensions from an array.
-    pub fn copy_strides_from_array<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        strides: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-    ) {
-        let num_items = self.load_ndims(ctx);
-
-        call_memcpy_generic_array(
-            ctx,
-            self.strides().base_ptr(ctx, generator),
-            strides,
-            num_items,
-            ctx.ctx.bool_type().const_zero(),
-        );
-    }
-
-    /// Copy strides dimensions from an ndarray.
-    /// Panics if `ndims` mismatches.
-    pub fn copy_strides_from_ndarray<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        src_ndarray: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-    ) {
-        if self.ndims.is_some() && src_ndarray.ndims.is_some() {
-            assert_eq!(self.ndims, src_ndarray.ndims);
-        } else {
-            let self_ndims = self.load_ndims(ctx);
-            let src_ndims = src_ndarray.load_ndims(ctx);
-
-            ctx.make_assert(
-                generator,
-                ctx.builder.build_int_compare(
-                    IntPredicate::EQ,
-                    self_ndims,
-                    src_ndims,
-                    ""
-                ).unwrap(),
-                "0:AssertionError",
-                "NDArrayValue::copy_shape_from_ndarray: Expected self.ndims ({0}) == src_ndarray.ndims ({1})",
-                [Some(self_ndims), Some(src_ndims), None],
-                ctx.current_loc
-            );
-        }
-
-        let src_strides = src_ndarray.strides().base_ptr(ctx, generator);
-        self.copy_strides_from_array(generator, ctx, src_strides);
-    }
-
-    /// Get the `np.size()` of this ndarray.
-    pub fn size<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        irrt::ndarray::call_nac3_ndarray_size(generator, ctx, *self)
-    }
-
-    /// Get the `ndarray.nbytes` of this ndarray.
-    pub fn nbytes<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        irrt::ndarray::call_nac3_ndarray_nbytes(generator, ctx, *self)
-    }
-
-    /// Get the `len()` of this ndarray.
-    pub fn len<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        irrt::ndarray::call_nac3_ndarray_len(generator, ctx, *self)
-    }
-
-    /// Check if this ndarray is C-contiguous.
-    ///
-    /// See NumPy's `flags["C_CONTIGUOUS"]`: <https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.flags.html#numpy.ndarray.flags>
-    pub fn is_c_contiguous<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        irrt::ndarray::call_nac3_ndarray_is_c_contiguous(generator, ctx, *self)
-    }
-
-    /// Call [`call_nac3_ndarray_set_strides_by_shape`] on this ndarray to update `strides`.
-    ///
-    /// Update the ndarray's strides to make the ndarray contiguous.
-    pub fn set_strides_contiguous<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ) {
-        irrt::ndarray::call_nac3_ndarray_set_strides_by_shape(generator, ctx, *self);
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn make_copy<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let clone = if self.ndims.is_some() {
-            self.get_type().construct_uninitialized(generator, ctx, None)
-        } else {
-            self.get_type().construct_dyn_ndims(generator, ctx, self.load_ndims(ctx), None)
-        };
-
-        let shape = self.shape();
-        clone.copy_shape_from_array(generator, ctx, shape.base_ptr(ctx, generator));
-        unsafe { clone.create_data(generator, ctx) };
-        clone.copy_data_from(generator, ctx, *self);
-        clone
-    }
-
-    /// Copy data from another ndarray.
-    ///
-    /// This ndarray and `src` is that their `np.size()` should be the same. Their shapes
-    /// do not matter. The copying order is determined by how their flattened views look.
-    ///
-    /// Panics if the `dtype`s of ndarrays are different.
-    pub fn copy_data_from<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        src: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-    ) {
-        assert_eq!(self.dtype, src.dtype, "self and src dtype should match");
-        irrt::ndarray::call_nac3_ndarray_copy_data(generator, ctx, src, *self);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns true if this ndarray is unsized - `ndims == 0` and only contains a scalar.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn is_unsized(&self) -> Option<bool> {
-        self.ndims.map(|ndims| ndims == 0)
-    }
-
-    /// If this ndarray is unsized, return its sole value as an [`AnyObject`].
-    /// Otherwise, do nothing and return the ndarray itself.
-    // TODO: Rename to get_unsized_element
-    pub fn split_unsized<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ) -> ScalarOrNDArray<'ctx> {
-        let Some(is_unsized) = self.is_unsized() else { todo!() };
-
-        if is_unsized {
-            // NOTE: `np.size(self) == 0` here is never possible.
-            let zero = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx).const_zero();
-            let value = unsafe { self.data().get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &zero, None) };
-
-            ScalarOrNDArray::Scalar(value)
-        } else {
-            ScalarOrNDArray::NDArray(*self)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ProxyValue<'ctx> for NDArrayValue<'ctx> {
-    type Base = PointerValue<'ctx>;
-    type Type = NDArrayType<'ctx>;
-
-    fn get_type(&self) -> Self::Type {
-        NDArrayType::from_type(
-            self.as_base_value().get_type(),
-            self.dtype,
-            self.ndims,
-            self.llvm_usize,
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn as_base_value(&self) -> Self::Base {
-        self.value
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> From<NDArrayValue<'ctx>> for PointerValue<'ctx> {
-    fn from(value: NDArrayValue<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        value.as_base_value()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Proxy type for accessing the `shape` array of an `NDArray` instance in LLVM.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct NDArrayShapeProxy<'ctx, 'a>(&'a NDArrayValue<'ctx>);
-
-impl<'ctx> ArrayLikeValue<'ctx> for NDArrayShapeProxy<'ctx, '_> {
-    fn element_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &G,
-    ) -> AnyTypeEnum<'ctx> {
-        self.0.shape().base_ptr(ctx, generator).get_type().get_element_type()
-    }
-
-    fn base_ptr<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        _: &G,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        self.0.shape_field(ctx).get(ctx, self.0.as_base_value(), self.0.name)
-    }
-
-    fn size<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        _: &G,
-    ) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        self.0.load_ndims(ctx)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> for NDArrayShapeProxy<'ctx, '_> {
-    unsafe fn ptr_offset_unchecked<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let var_name = name.map(|v| format!("{v}.addr")).unwrap_or_default();
-
-        unsafe {
-            ctx.builder
-                .build_in_bounds_gep(self.base_ptr(ctx, generator), &[*idx], var_name.as_str())
-                .unwrap()
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn ptr_offset<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let size = self.size(ctx, generator);
-        let in_range = ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::ULT, *idx, size, "").unwrap();
-        ctx.make_assert(
-            generator,
-            in_range,
-            "0:IndexError",
-            "index {0} is out of bounds for axis 0 with size {1}",
-            [Some(*idx), Some(self.0.load_ndims(ctx)), None],
-            ctx.current_loc,
-        );
-
-        unsafe { self.ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, idx, name) }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> for NDArrayShapeProxy<'ctx, '_> {}
-impl<'ctx> UntypedArrayLikeMutator<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> for NDArrayShapeProxy<'ctx, '_> {}
-
-impl<'ctx> TypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> for NDArrayShapeProxy<'ctx, '_> {
-    fn downcast_to_type(
-        &self,
-        _: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        value: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
-    ) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        value.into_int_value()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> TypedArrayLikeMutator<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> for NDArrayShapeProxy<'ctx, '_> {
-    fn upcast_from_type(
-        &self,
-        _: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        value: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    ) -> BasicValueEnum<'ctx> {
-        value.into()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Proxy type for accessing the `strides` array of an `NDArray` instance in LLVM.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct NDArrayStridesProxy<'ctx, 'a>(&'a NDArrayValue<'ctx>);
-
-impl<'ctx> ArrayLikeValue<'ctx> for NDArrayStridesProxy<'ctx, '_> {
-    fn element_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &G,
-    ) -> AnyTypeEnum<'ctx> {
-        self.0.strides().base_ptr(ctx, generator).get_type().get_element_type()
-    }
-
-    fn base_ptr<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        _: &G,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        self.0.strides_field(ctx).get(ctx, self.0.as_base_value(), self.0.name)
-    }
-
-    fn size<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        _: &G,
-    ) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        self.0.load_ndims(ctx)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> for NDArrayStridesProxy<'ctx, '_> {
-    unsafe fn ptr_offset_unchecked<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let var_name = name.map(|v| format!("{v}.addr")).unwrap_or_default();
-
-        unsafe {
-            ctx.builder
-                .build_in_bounds_gep(self.base_ptr(ctx, generator), &[*idx], var_name.as_str())
-                .unwrap()
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn ptr_offset<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let size = self.size(ctx, generator);
-        let in_range = ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::ULT, *idx, size, "").unwrap();
-        ctx.make_assert(
-            generator,
-            in_range,
-            "0:IndexError",
-            "index {0} is out of bounds for axis 0 with size {1}",
-            [Some(*idx), Some(self.0.load_ndims(ctx)), None],
-            ctx.current_loc,
-        );
-
-        unsafe { self.ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, idx, name) }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> for NDArrayStridesProxy<'ctx, '_> {}
-impl<'ctx> UntypedArrayLikeMutator<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> for NDArrayStridesProxy<'ctx, '_> {}
-
-impl<'ctx> TypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> for NDArrayStridesProxy<'ctx, '_> {
-    fn downcast_to_type(
-        &self,
-        _: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        value: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
-    ) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        value.into_int_value()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> TypedArrayLikeMutator<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> for NDArrayStridesProxy<'ctx, '_> {
-    fn upcast_from_type(
-        &self,
-        _: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        value: IntValue<'ctx>,
-    ) -> BasicValueEnum<'ctx> {
-        value.into()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Proxy type for accessing the `data` array of an `NDArray` instance in LLVM.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct NDArrayDataProxy<'ctx, 'a>(&'a NDArrayValue<'ctx>);
-
-impl<'ctx> ArrayLikeValue<'ctx> for NDArrayDataProxy<'ctx, '_> {
-    fn element_type<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        _: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        _: &G,
-    ) -> AnyTypeEnum<'ctx> {
-        self.0.dtype.as_any_type_enum()
-    }
-
-    fn base_ptr<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        _: &G,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        self.0.data_field(ctx).get(ctx, self.0.as_base_value(), self.0.name)
-    }
-
-    fn size<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &G,
-    ) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        irrt::ndarray::call_ndarray_calc_size(
-            generator,
-            ctx,
-            &self.as_slice_value(ctx, generator),
-            (None, None),
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx> for NDArrayDataProxy<'ctx, '_> {
-    unsafe fn ptr_offset_unchecked<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let sizeof_elem = ctx
-            .builder
-            .build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(
-                self.element_type(ctx, generator).size_of().unwrap(),
-                idx.get_type(),
-                "",
-            )
-            .unwrap();
-        let idx = ctx.builder.build_int_mul(*idx, sizeof_elem, "").unwrap();
-        let ptr = unsafe {
-            ctx.builder
-                .build_in_bounds_gep(
-                    self.base_ptr(ctx, generator),
-                    &[idx],
-                    name.unwrap_or_default(),
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-        };
-
-        // Current implementation is transparent - The returned pointer type is
-        // already cast into the expected type, allowing for immediately
-        // load/store.
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_pointer_cast(
-                ptr,
-                BasicTypeEnum::try_from(self.element_type(ctx, generator))
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()),
-                "",
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn ptr_offset<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        idx: &IntValue<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let data_sz = self.size(ctx, generator);
-        let in_range = ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::ULT, *idx, data_sz, "").unwrap();
-        ctx.make_assert(
-            generator,
-            in_range,
-            "0:IndexError",
-            "index {0} is out of bounds with size {1}",
-            [Some(*idx), Some(self.0.load_ndims(ctx)), None],
-            ctx.current_loc,
-        );
-
-        let ptr = unsafe { self.ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, idx, name) };
-
-        // Current implementation is transparent - The returned pointer type is
-        // already cast into the expected type, allowing for immediately
-        // load/store.
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_pointer_cast(
-                ptr,
-                BasicTypeEnum::try_from(self.element_type(ctx, generator))
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()),
-                "",
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> for NDArrayDataProxy<'ctx, '_> {}
-impl<'ctx> UntypedArrayLikeMutator<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> for NDArrayDataProxy<'ctx, '_> {}
-
-impl<'ctx, Index: UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx>> ArrayLikeIndexer<'ctx, Index>
-    for NDArrayDataProxy<'ctx, '_>
-{
-    unsafe fn ptr_offset_unchecked<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        indices: &Index,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-        let indices_elem_ty = indices
-            .ptr_offset(ctx, generator, &llvm_usize.const_zero(), None)
-            .get_type()
-            .get_element_type();
-        let Ok(indices_elem_ty) = IntType::try_from(indices_elem_ty) else {
-            panic!("Expected list[int32] but got {indices_elem_ty}")
-        };
-        assert_eq!(
-            indices_elem_ty.get_bit_width(),
-            32,
-            "Expected list[int32] but got list[int{}]",
-            indices_elem_ty.get_bit_width()
-        );
-
-        let index = irrt::ndarray::call_ndarray_flatten_index(generator, ctx, *self.0, indices);
-        let sizeof_elem = ctx
-            .builder
-            .build_int_truncate_or_bit_cast(
-                self.element_type(ctx, generator).size_of().unwrap(),
-                index.get_type(),
-                "",
-            )
-            .unwrap();
-        let index = ctx.builder.build_int_mul(index, sizeof_elem, "").unwrap();
-
-        let ptr = unsafe {
-            ctx.builder
-                .build_in_bounds_gep(
-                    self.base_ptr(ctx, generator),
-                    &[index],
-                    name.unwrap_or_default(),
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-        };
-        // TODO: Current implementation is transparent
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_pointer_cast(
-                ptr,
-                BasicTypeEnum::try_from(self.element_type(ctx, generator))
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()),
-                "",
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn ptr_offset<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        indices: &Index,
-        name: Option<&str>,
-    ) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let llvm_usize = generator.get_size_type(ctx.ctx);
-
-        let indices_size = indices.size(ctx, generator);
-        let nidx_leq_ndims = ctx
-            .builder
-            .build_int_compare(IntPredicate::SLE, indices_size, self.0.load_ndims(ctx), "")
-            .unwrap();
-        ctx.make_assert(
-            generator,
-            nidx_leq_ndims,
-            "0:IndexError",
-            "invalid index to scalar variable",
-            [None, None, None],
-            ctx.current_loc,
-        );
-
-        let indices_len = indices.size(ctx, generator);
-        let ndarray_len = self.0.load_ndims(ctx);
-        let len = call_int_umin(ctx, indices_len, ndarray_len, None);
-        gen_for_callback_incrementing(
-            generator,
-            ctx,
-            None,
-            llvm_usize.const_zero(),
-            (len, false),
-            |generator, ctx, _, i| {
-                let (dim_idx, dim_sz) = unsafe {
-                    (
-                        indices.get_unchecked(ctx, generator, &i, None).into_int_value(),
-                        self.0.shape().get_typed_unchecked(ctx, generator, &i, None),
-                    )
-                };
-                let dim_idx = ctx
-                    .builder
-                    .build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(dim_idx, dim_sz.get_type(), "")
-                    .unwrap();
-
-                let dim_lt =
-                    ctx.builder.build_int_compare(IntPredicate::SLT, dim_idx, dim_sz, "").unwrap();
-
-                ctx.make_assert(
-                    generator,
-                    dim_lt,
-                    "0:IndexError",
-                    "index {0} is out of bounds for axis 0 with size {1}",
-                    [Some(dim_idx), Some(dim_sz), None],
-                    ctx.current_loc,
-                );
-
-                Ok(())
-            },
-            llvm_usize.const_int(1, false),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-        let ptr = unsafe { self.ptr_offset_unchecked(ctx, generator, indices, name) };
-        // TODO: Current implementation is transparent
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_pointer_cast(
-                ptr,
-                BasicTypeEnum::try_from(self.element_type(ctx, generator))
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()),
-                "",
-            )
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx, Index: UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx>> UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx, Index>
-    for NDArrayDataProxy<'ctx, '_>
-{
-}
-impl<'ctx, Index: UntypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx>> UntypedArrayLikeMutator<'ctx, Index>
-    for NDArrayDataProxy<'ctx, '_>
-{
-}
-
-/// A version of [`call_nac3_ndarray_set_strides_by_shape`] in Rust.
-///
-/// This function is used generating strides for globally defined contiguous ndarrays.
-#[must_use]
-pub fn make_contiguous_strides(itemsize: u64, ndims: u64, shape: &[u64]) -> Vec<u64> {
-    let mut strides = Vec::with_capacity(ndims as usize);
-    let mut stride_product = 1u64;
-    for i in 0..ndims {
-        let axis = ndims - i - 1;
-        strides[axis as usize] = stride_product * itemsize;
-        stride_product *= shape[axis as usize];
-    }
-    strides
-}
-
-/// A convenience enum for implementing functions that acts on scalars or ndarrays or both.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-pub enum ScalarOrNDArray<'ctx> {
-    Scalar(BasicValueEnum<'ctx>),
-    NDArray(NDArrayValue<'ctx>),
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ScalarOrNDArray<'ctx> {
-    /// Get the underlying [`BasicValueEnum<'ctx>`] of this [`ScalarOrNDArray`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn to_basic_value_enum(self) -> BasicValueEnum<'ctx> {
-        match self {
-            ScalarOrNDArray::Scalar(scalar) => scalar,
-            ScalarOrNDArray::NDArray(ndarray) => ndarray.as_base_value().into(),
-        }
-    }
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/values/ndarray/nditer.rs

@@ -1,176 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    types::{BasicType, IntType},
-    values::{BasicValueEnum, IntValue, PointerValue},
-    AddressSpace,
-};
-
-use super::{NDArrayValue, ProxyValue, TypedArrayLikeAccessor, TypedArrayLikeMutator};
-use crate::codegen::{
-    irrt,
-    stmt::{gen_for_callback, BreakContinueHooks},
-    types::{ndarray::NDIterType, structure::StructField},
-    values::{ArraySliceValue, TypedArrayLikeAdapter},
-    CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-};
-
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct NDIterValue<'ctx> {
-    value: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-    parent: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-    indices: ArraySliceValue<'ctx>,
-    llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> NDIterValue<'ctx> {
-    /// Checks whether `value` is an instance of `NDArray`, returning [Err] if `value` is not an
-    /// instance.
-    pub fn is_representable(
-        value: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        <Self as ProxyValue>::Type::is_representable(value.get_type(), llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an [`NDArrayValue`] from a [`PointerValue`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_pointer_value(
-        ptr: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        parent: NDArrayValue<'ctx>,
-        indices: ArraySliceValue<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        debug_assert!(Self::is_representable(ptr, llvm_usize).is_ok());
-
-        Self { value: ptr, parent, indices, llvm_usize, name }
-    }
-
-    /// Is the current iteration valid?
-    ///
-    /// If true, then `element`, `indices` and `nth` contain details about the current element.
-    ///
-    /// If `ndarray` is unsized, this returns true only for the first iteration.
-    /// If `ndarray` is 0-sized, this always returns false.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn has_element<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &G,
-        ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-    ) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        irrt::ndarray::call_nac3_nditer_has_element(generator, ctx, *self)
-    }
-
-    /// Go to the next element. If `has_element()` is false, then this has undefined behavior.
-    ///
-    /// If `ndarray` is unsized, this can only be called once.
-    /// If `ndarray` is 0-sized, this can never be called.
-    pub fn next<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(&self, generator: &G, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) {
-        irrt::ndarray::call_nac3_nditer_next(generator, ctx, *self);
-    }
-
-    fn element(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> StructField<'ctx, PointerValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields(ctx.ctx).element
-    }
-
-    /// Get pointer to the current element.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_pointer(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let elem_ty = self.parent.dtype;
-
-        let p = self.element(ctx).get(ctx, self.as_base_value(), None);
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_pointer_cast(p, elem_ty.ptr_type(AddressSpace::default()), "element")
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    /// Get the value of the current element.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_scalar(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> BasicValueEnum<'ctx> {
-        let p = self.get_pointer(ctx);
-        ctx.builder.build_load(p, "value").unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn nth(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields(ctx.ctx).nth
-    }
-
-    /// Get the index of the current element if this ndarray were a flat ndarray.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_index(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        self.nth(ctx).get(ctx, self.as_base_value(), None)
-    }
-
-    /// Get the indices of the current element.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn get_indices(
-        &'ctx self,
-    ) -> impl TypedArrayLikeAccessor<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> + TypedArrayLikeMutator<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>>
-    {
-        TypedArrayLikeAdapter::from(
-            self.indices,
-            Box::new(|ctx, val| {
-                ctx.builder
-                    .build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(val.into_int_value(), self.llvm_usize, "")
-                    .unwrap()
-            }),
-            Box::new(|_, val| val.into()),
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ProxyValue<'ctx> for NDIterValue<'ctx> {
-    type Base = PointerValue<'ctx>;
-    type Type = NDIterType<'ctx>;
-
-    fn get_type(&self) -> Self::Type {
-        NDIterType::from_type(self.as_base_value().get_type(), self.llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    fn as_base_value(&self) -> Self::Base {
-        self.value
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> From<NDIterValue<'ctx>> for PointerValue<'ctx> {
-    fn from(value: NDIterValue<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        value.as_base_value()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> NDArrayValue<'ctx> {
-    /// Iterate through every element in the ndarray.
-    ///
-    /// `body` has access to [`BreakContinueHooks`] to short-circuit and [`NDIterValue`] to
-    /// get properties of the current iteration (e.g., the current element, indices, etc.)
-    pub fn foreach<'a, G, F>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
-        body: F,
-    ) -> Result<(), String>
-    where
-        G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized,
-        F: FnOnce(
-            &mut G,
-            &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
-            BreakContinueHooks<'ctx>,
-            NDIterValue<'ctx>,
-        ) -> Result<(), String>,
-    {
-        gen_for_callback(
-            generator,
-            ctx,
-            Some("ndarray_foreach"),
-            |generator, ctx| {
-                Ok(NDIterType::new(generator, ctx.ctx).construct(generator, ctx, *self))
-            },
-            |generator, ctx, nditer| Ok(nditer.has_element(generator, ctx)),
-            |generator, ctx, hooks, nditer| body(generator, ctx, hooks, nditer),
-            |generator, ctx, nditer| {
-                nditer.next(generator, ctx);
-                Ok(())
-            },
-        )
-    }
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/values/ndarray/view.rs

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-use std::iter::{once, repeat_n};
-
-use itertools::Itertools;
-
-use crate::codegen::{
-    values::ndarray::{NDArrayValue, RustNDIndex},
-    CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-};
-
-impl<'ctx> NDArrayValue<'ctx> {
-    /// Make sure the ndarray is at least `ndmin`-dimensional.
-    ///
-    /// If this ndarray's `ndims` is less than `ndmin`, a view is created on this with 1s prepended
-    /// to the shape. Otherwise, this function does nothing and return this ndarray.
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn atleast_nd<G: CodeGenerator + ?Sized>(
-        &self,
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        ndmin: u64,
-    ) -> Self {
-        assert!(self.ndims.is_some(), "NDArrayValue::atleast_nd is only supported for instances with compile-time known ndims (self.ndims = Some(...))");
-
-        let ndims = self.ndims.unwrap();
-
-        if ndims < ndmin {
-            // Extend the dimensions with np.newaxis.
-            let indices = repeat_n(RustNDIndex::NewAxis, (ndmin - ndims) as usize)
-                .chain(once(RustNDIndex::Ellipsis))
-                .collect_vec();
-            self.index(generator, ctx, &indices)
-        } else {
-            *self
-        }
-    }
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/values/range.rs

@@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::values::{BasicValueEnum, IntValue, PointerValue};
-
-use super::ProxyValue;
-use crate::codegen::{types::RangeType, CodeGenContext};
-
-/// Proxy type for accessing a `range` value in LLVM.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct RangeValue<'ctx> {
-    value: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-    name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> RangeValue<'ctx> {
-    /// Checks whether `value` is an instance of `range`, returning [Err] if `value` is not an instance.
-    pub fn is_representable(value: PointerValue<'ctx>) -> Result<(), String> {
-        RangeType::is_representable(value.get_type())
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an [`RangeValue`] from a [`PointerValue`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_pointer_value(ptr: PointerValue<'ctx>, name: Option<&'ctx str>) -> Self {
-        debug_assert!(Self::is_representable(ptr).is_ok());
-
-        RangeValue { value: ptr, name }
-    }
-
-    fn ptr_to_start(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
-        let var_name = self.name.map(|v| format!("{v}.start.addr")).unwrap_or_default();
-
-        unsafe {
-            ctx.builder
-                .build_in_bounds_gep(
-                    self.as_base_value(),
-                    &[llvm_i32.const_zero(), llvm_i32.const_int(0, false)],
-                    var_name.as_str(),
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn ptr_to_end(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
-        let var_name = self.name.map(|v| format!("{v}.end.addr")).unwrap_or_default();
-
-        unsafe {
-            ctx.builder
-                .build_in_bounds_gep(
-                    self.as_base_value(),
-                    &[llvm_i32.const_zero(), llvm_i32.const_int(1, false)],
-                    var_name.as_str(),
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn ptr_to_step(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> PointerValue<'ctx> {
-        let llvm_i32 = ctx.ctx.i32_type();
-        let var_name = self.name.map(|v| format!("{v}.step.addr")).unwrap_or_default();
-
-        unsafe {
-            ctx.builder
-                .build_in_bounds_gep(
-                    self.as_base_value(),
-                    &[llvm_i32.const_zero(), llvm_i32.const_int(2, false)],
-                    var_name.as_str(),
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Stores the `start` value into this instance.
-    pub fn store_start(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, start: IntValue<'ctx>) {
-        debug_assert_eq!(start.get_type().get_bit_width(), 32);
-
-        let pstart = self.ptr_to_start(ctx);
-        ctx.builder.build_store(pstart, start).unwrap();
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the `start` value of this `range`.
-    pub fn load_start(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, name: Option<&str>) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        let pstart = self.ptr_to_start(ctx);
-        let var_name = name
-            .map(ToString::to_string)
-            .or_else(|| self.name.map(|v| format!("{v}.start")))
-            .unwrap_or_default();
-
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_load(pstart, var_name.as_str())
-            .map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value)
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    /// Stores the `end` value into this instance.
-    pub fn store_end(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, end: IntValue<'ctx>) {
-        debug_assert_eq!(end.get_type().get_bit_width(), 32);
-
-        let pend = self.ptr_to_end(ctx);
-        ctx.builder.build_store(pend, end).unwrap();
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the `end` value of this `range`.
-    pub fn load_end(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, name: Option<&str>) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        let pend = self.ptr_to_end(ctx);
-        let var_name = name
-            .map(ToString::to_string)
-            .or_else(|| self.name.map(|v| format!("{v}.end")))
-            .unwrap_or_default();
-
-        ctx.builder.build_load(pend, var_name.as_str()).map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    /// Stores the `step` value into this instance.
-    pub fn store_step(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, step: IntValue<'ctx>) {
-        debug_assert_eq!(step.get_type().get_bit_width(), 32);
-
-        let pstep = self.ptr_to_step(ctx);
-        ctx.builder.build_store(pstep, step).unwrap();
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the `step` value of this `range`.
-    pub fn load_step(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, name: Option<&str>) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        let pstep = self.ptr_to_step(ctx);
-        let var_name = name
-            .map(ToString::to_string)
-            .or_else(|| self.name.map(|v| format!("{v}.step")))
-            .unwrap_or_default();
-
-        ctx.builder
-            .build_load(pstep, var_name.as_str())
-            .map(BasicValueEnum::into_int_value)
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ProxyValue<'ctx> for RangeValue<'ctx> {
-    type Base = PointerValue<'ctx>;
-    type Type = RangeType<'ctx>;
-
-    fn get_type(&self) -> Self::Type {
-        RangeType::from_type(self.value.get_type())
-    }
-
-    fn as_base_value(&self) -> Self::Base {
-        self.value
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> From<RangeValue<'ctx>> for PointerValue<'ctx> {
-    fn from(value: RangeValue<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        value.as_base_value()
-    }
-}

nac3core/src/codegen/values/utils/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-pub use slice::*;
-
-mod slice;

nac3core/src/codegen/values/utils/slice.rs

@@ -1,231 +0,0 @@
-use inkwell::{
-    types::IntType,
-    values::{IntValue, PointerValue},
-};
-
-use nac3parser::ast::Expr;
-
-use crate::{
-    codegen::{
-        types::{structure::StructField, utils::SliceType},
-        values::ProxyValue,
-        CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator,
-    },
-    typecheck::typedef::Type,
-};
-
-/// An IRRT representation of an (unresolved) slice.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct SliceValue<'ctx> {
-    value: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-    int_ty: IntType<'ctx>,
-    llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> SliceValue<'ctx> {
-    /// Checks whether `value` is an instance of `ContiguousNDArray`, returning [Err] if `value` is
-    /// not an instance.
-    pub fn is_representable(
-        value: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-    ) -> Result<(), String> {
-        <Self as ProxyValue<'ctx>>::Type::is_representable(value.get_type(), llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an [`SliceValue`] from a [`PointerValue`].
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn from_pointer_value(
-        ptr: PointerValue<'ctx>,
-        int_ty: IntType<'ctx>,
-        llvm_usize: IntType<'ctx>,
-        name: Option<&'ctx str>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        debug_assert!(Self::is_representable(ptr, llvm_usize).is_ok());
-
-        Self { value: ptr, int_ty, llvm_usize, name }
-    }
-
-    fn start_defined_field(&self) -> StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields().start_defined
-    }
-
-    pub fn load_start_defined(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        self.start_defined_field().get(ctx, self.value, self.name)
-    }
-
-    fn start_field(&self) -> StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields().start
-    }
-
-    pub fn load_start(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        self.start_field().get(ctx, self.value, self.name)
-    }
-
-    pub fn store_start(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, value: Option<IntValue<'ctx>>) {
-        match value {
-            Some(start) => {
-                self.start_defined_field().set(
-                    ctx,
-                    self.value,
-                    ctx.ctx.bool_type().const_all_ones(),
-                    self.name,
-                );
-                self.start_field().set(ctx, self.value, start, self.name);
-            }
-
-            None => self.start_defined_field().set(
-                ctx,
-                self.value,
-                ctx.ctx.bool_type().const_zero(),
-                self.name,
-            ),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn stop_defined_field(&self) -> StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields().stop_defined
-    }
-
-    pub fn load_stop_defined(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        self.stop_defined_field().get(ctx, self.value, self.name)
-    }
-
-    fn stop_field(&self) -> StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields().stop
-    }
-
-    pub fn load_stop(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        self.stop_field().get(ctx, self.value, self.name)
-    }
-
-    pub fn store_stop(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, value: Option<IntValue<'ctx>>) {
-        match value {
-            Some(stop) => {
-                self.stop_defined_field().set(
-                    ctx,
-                    self.value,
-                    ctx.ctx.bool_type().const_all_ones(),
-                    self.name,
-                );
-                self.stop_field().set(ctx, self.value, stop, self.name);
-            }
-
-            None => self.stop_defined_field().set(
-                ctx,
-                self.value,
-                ctx.ctx.bool_type().const_zero(),
-                self.name,
-            ),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn step_defined_field(&self) -> StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields().step_defined
-    }
-
-    pub fn load_step_defined(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        self.step_defined_field().get(ctx, self.value, self.name)
-    }
-
-    fn step_field(&self) -> StructField<'ctx, IntValue<'ctx>> {
-        self.get_type().get_fields().step
-    }
-
-    pub fn load_step(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>) -> IntValue<'ctx> {
-        self.step_field().get(ctx, self.value, self.name)
-    }
-
-    pub fn store_step(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, value: Option<IntValue<'ctx>>) {
-        match value {
-            Some(step) => {
-                self.step_defined_field().set(
-                    ctx,
-                    self.value,
-                    ctx.ctx.bool_type().const_all_ones(),
-                    self.name,
-                );
-                self.step_field().set(ctx, self.value, step, self.name);
-            }
-
-            None => self.step_defined_field().set(
-                ctx,
-                self.value,
-                ctx.ctx.bool_type().const_zero(),
-                self.name,
-            ),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> ProxyValue<'ctx> for SliceValue<'ctx> {
-    type Base = PointerValue<'ctx>;
-    type Type = SliceType<'ctx>;
-
-    fn get_type(&self) -> Self::Type {
-        Self::Type::from_type(self.value.get_type(), self.int_ty, self.llvm_usize)
-    }
-
-    fn as_base_value(&self) -> Self::Base {
-        self.value
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> From<SliceValue<'ctx>> for PointerValue<'ctx> {
-    fn from(value: SliceValue<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        value.as_base_value()
-    }
-}
-
-/// A slice represented in compile-time by `start`, `stop` and `step`, all held as LLVM values.
-// TODO: Rename this to CTConstSlice
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct RustSlice<'ctx> {
-    int_ty: IntType<'ctx>,
-    start: Option<IntValue<'ctx>>,
-    stop: Option<IntValue<'ctx>>,
-    step: Option<IntValue<'ctx>>,
-}
-
-impl<'ctx> RustSlice<'ctx> {
-    /// Generate LLVM IR for an [`ExprKind::Slice`] and convert it into a [`RustSlice`].
-    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
-    pub fn from_slice_expr<G: CodeGenerator>(
-        generator: &mut G,
-        ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        lower: &Option<Box<Expr<Option<Type>>>>,
-        upper: &Option<Box<Expr<Option<Type>>>>,
-        step: &Option<Box<Expr<Option<Type>>>>,
-    ) -> Result<RustSlice<'ctx>, String> {
-        let mut value_mapper = |value_expr: &Option<Box<Expr<Option<Type>>>>| -> Result<_, String> {
-            Ok(match value_expr {
-                None => None,
-                Some(value_expr) => {
-                    let value_expr = generator
-                        .gen_expr(ctx, value_expr)?
-                        .map(|value| {
-                            value.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, ctx.primitives.int32)
-                        })
-                        .unwrap()?;
-
-                    Some(value_expr.into_int_value())
-                }
-            })
-        };
-
-        let start = value_mapper(lower)?;
-        let stop = value_mapper(upper)?;
-        let step = value_mapper(step)?;
-
-        Ok(RustSlice { int_ty: ctx.ctx.i32_type(), start, stop, step })
-    }
-
-    /// Write the contents to an LLVM [`SliceValue`].
-    pub fn write_to_slice(&self, ctx: &CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>, dst_slice_ptr: SliceValue<'ctx>) {
-        assert_eq!(self.int_ty, dst_slice_ptr.int_ty);
-
-        dst_slice_ptr.store_start(ctx, self.start);
-        dst_slice_ptr.store_stop(ctx, self.stop);
-        dst_slice_ptr.store_step(ctx, self.step);
-    }
-}

nac3core/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-#![deny(future_incompatible, let_underscore, nonstandard_style, clippy::all)]
+#![deny(
+    future_incompatible,
+    let_underscore,
+    nonstandard_style,
+    rust_2024_compatibility,
+    clippy::all
+)]
 #![warn(clippy::pedantic)]
 #![allow(
     dead_code,
@@ -13,13 +19,7 @@
     clippy::wildcard_imports
 )]
 
-// users of nac3core need to use the same version of these dependencies, so expose them as nac3core::*
-pub use inkwell;
-pub use nac3parser;
-
 pub mod codegen;
 pub mod symbol_resolver;
 pub mod toplevel;
 pub mod typecheck;
-
-extern crate self as nac3core;

nac3core/src/symbol_resolver.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,7 @@
-use std::{
-    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
-    fmt::{Debug, Display},
-    rc::Rc,
-    sync::Arc,
-};
-
-use inkwell::values::{BasicValueEnum, FloatValue, IntValue, PointerValue, StructValue};
-use itertools::{chain, izip, Itertools};
-use parking_lot::RwLock;
-
-use nac3parser::ast::{Constant, Expr, Location, StrRef};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::{collections::HashMap, collections::HashSet, fmt::Display};
 
 use crate::{
     codegen::{CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator},
@@ -19,6 +11,10 @@ use crate::{
         typedef::{Type, TypeEnum, Unifier, VarMap},
     },
 };
+use inkwell::values::{BasicValueEnum, FloatValue, IntValue, PointerValue, StructValue};
+use itertools::{chain, izip, Itertools};
+use nac3parser::ast::{Constant, Expr, Location, StrRef};
+use parking_lot::RwLock;
 
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
 pub enum SymbolValue {
@@ -369,7 +365,6 @@ pub trait SymbolResolver {
         &self,
         str: StrRef,
         ctx: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        generator: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
     ) -> Option<ValueEnum<'ctx>>;
 
     fn get_default_param_value(&self, expr: &Expr) -> Option<SymbolValue>;

nac3core/src/toplevel/builtins.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::iter::once;
 
+use helper::{debug_assert_prim_is_allowed, make_exception_fields, PrimDefDetails};
 use indexmap::IndexMap;
 use inkwell::{
     attributes::{Attribute, AttributeLoc},
@@ -10,22 +11,20 @@ use inkwell::{
 use itertools::Either;
 use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
 
-use super::{
-    helper::{debug_assert_prim_is_allowed, make_exception_fields, PrimDef, PrimDefDetails},
-    numpy::make_ndarray_ty,
-    *,
-};
 use crate::{
     codegen::{
         builtin_fns,
+        classes::{ProxyValue, RangeValue},
         numpy::*,
         stmt::exn_constructor,
-        values::{ProxyValue, RangeValue},
     },
     symbol_resolver::SymbolValue,
+    toplevel::{helper::PrimDef, numpy::make_ndarray_ty},
     typecheck::typedef::{into_var_map, iter_type_vars, TypeVar, VarMap},
 };
 
+use super::*;
+
 type BuiltinInfo = Vec<(Arc<RwLock<TopLevelDef>>, Option<Stmt>)>;
 
 pub fn get_exn_constructor(
@@ -710,7 +709,7 @@ impl<'a> BuiltinBuilder<'a> {
                         let (zelf_ty, zelf) = obj.unwrap();
                         let zelf =
                             zelf.to_basic_value_enum(ctx, generator, zelf_ty)?.into_pointer_value();
-                        let zelf = RangeValue::from_pointer_value(zelf, Some("range"));
+                        let zelf = RangeValue::from_ptr_val(zelf, Some("range"));
 
                         let mut start = None;
                         let mut stop = None;

nac3core/src/toplevel/helper.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 use std::convert::TryInto;
 
+use crate::symbol_resolver::SymbolValue;
+use crate::toplevel::numpy::unpack_ndarray_var_tys;
+use crate::typecheck::typedef::{into_var_map, iter_type_vars, Mapping, TypeVarId, VarMap};
+use ast::ExprKind;
+use nac3parser::ast::{Constant, Location};
 use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
 use strum_macros::EnumIter;
 
-use nac3parser::ast::{Constant, ExprKind, Location};
-
-use super::{numpy::unpack_ndarray_var_tys, *};
-use crate::{
-    symbol_resolver::SymbolValue,
-    typecheck::typedef::{into_var_map, iter_type_vars, Mapping, TypeVarId, VarMap},
-};
+use super::*;
 
 /// All primitive types and functions in nac3core.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, EnumIter, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -359,23 +358,6 @@ pub fn make_exception_fields(int32: Type, int64: Type, str: Type) -> Vec<(StrRef
 impl TopLevelDef {
     pub fn to_string(&self, unifier: &mut Unifier) -> String {
         match self {
-            TopLevelDef::Module { name, fields, methods, .. } => {
-                let fields_str = fields
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|(n, ty, _)| (n.to_string(), unifier.stringify(*ty)))
-                    .collect_vec();
-
-                let methods_str = methods
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|(n, ty, id)| (n.to_string(), unifier.stringify(*ty), *id))
-                    .collect_vec();
-                format!(
-                    "Module {{\nname: {:?},\nfields: {:?},\nmethods: {:?}\n}}",
-                    name,
-                    fields_str.iter().map(|(a, _)| a).collect_vec(),
-                    methods_str.iter().map(|(a, b, _)| (a, b)).collect_vec(),
-                )
-            }
             TopLevelDef::Class { name, ancestors, fields, methods, type_vars, .. } => {
                 let fields_str = fields
                     .iter()
@@ -406,9 +388,6 @@ impl TopLevelDef {
                     r
                 }
             ),
-            TopLevelDef::Variable { name, ty, .. } => {
-                format!("Variable {{ name: {name:?}, ty: {:?} }}", unifier.stringify(*ty),)
-            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -610,18 +589,6 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
         }
     }
 
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn make_top_level_variable_def(
-        name: String,
-        simple_name: StrRef,
-        ty: Type,
-        ty_decl: Option<Expr>,
-        resolver: Option<Arc<dyn SymbolResolver + Send + Sync>>,
-        loc: Option<Location>,
-    ) -> TopLevelDef {
-        TopLevelDef::Variable { name, simple_name, ty, ty_decl, resolver, loc }
-    }
-
     #[must_use]
     pub fn make_class_method_name(mut class_name: String, method_name: &str) -> String {
         class_name.push('.');
@@ -641,6 +608,64 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
         Err(HashSet::from([format!("no method {method_name} in the current class")]))
     }
 
+    /// get all base class def id of a class, excluding itself. \
+    /// this function should called only after the direct parent is set
+    /// and before all the ancestors are set
+    /// and when we allow single inheritance \
+    /// the order of the returned list is from the child to the deepest ancestor
+    pub fn get_all_ancestors_helper(
+        child: &TypeAnnotation,
+        temp_def_list: &[Arc<RwLock<TopLevelDef>>],
+    ) -> Result<Vec<TypeAnnotation>, HashSet<String>> {
+        let mut result: Vec<TypeAnnotation> = Vec::new();
+        let mut parent = Self::get_parent(child, temp_def_list);
+        while let Some(p) = parent {
+            parent = Self::get_parent(&p, temp_def_list);
+            let p_id = if let TypeAnnotation::CustomClass { id, .. } = &p {
+                *id
+            } else {
+                unreachable!("must be class kind annotation")
+            };
+            // check cycle
+            let no_cycle = result.iter().all(|x| {
+                let TypeAnnotation::CustomClass { id, .. } = x else {
+                    unreachable!("must be class kind annotation")
+                };
+
+                id.0 != p_id.0
+            });
+            if no_cycle {
+                result.push(p);
+            } else {
+                return Err(HashSet::from(["cyclic inheritance detected".into()]));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    /// should only be called when finding all ancestors, so panic when wrong
+    fn get_parent(
+        child: &TypeAnnotation,
+        temp_def_list: &[Arc<RwLock<TopLevelDef>>],
+    ) -> Option<TypeAnnotation> {
+        let child_id = if let TypeAnnotation::CustomClass { id, .. } = child {
+            *id
+        } else {
+            unreachable!("should be class type annotation")
+        };
+        let child_def = temp_def_list.get(child_id.0).unwrap();
+        let child_def = child_def.read();
+        let TopLevelDef::Class { ancestors, .. } = &*child_def else {
+            unreachable!("child must be top level class def")
+        };
+
+        if ancestors.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(ancestors[0].clone())
+        }
+    }
+
     /// get the `var_id` of a given `TVar` type
     pub fn get_var_id(var_ty: Type, unifier: &mut Unifier) -> Result<TypeVarId, HashSet<String>> {
         if let TypeEnum::TVar { id, .. } = unifier.get_ty(var_ty).as_ref() {
@@ -950,139 +975,6 @@ impl TopLevelComposer {
             ))
         }
     }
-
-    /// Parses the class type variables and direct parents
-    /// we only allow single inheritance
-    pub fn analyze_class_bases(
-        class_def: &Arc<RwLock<TopLevelDef>>,
-        class_ast: &Option<Stmt>,
-        temp_def_list: &[Arc<RwLock<TopLevelDef>>],
-        unifier: &mut Unifier,
-        primitives_store: &PrimitiveStore,
-    ) -> Result<(), HashSet<String>> {
-        let mut class_def = class_def.write();
-        let (class_def_id, class_ancestors, class_bases_ast, class_type_vars, class_resolver) = {
-            let TopLevelDef::Class { object_id, ancestors, type_vars, resolver, .. } =
-                &mut *class_def
-            else {
-                unreachable!()
-            };
-            let Some(ast::Located { node: ast::StmtKind::ClassDef { bases, .. }, .. }) = class_ast
-            else {
-                unreachable!()
-            };
-            (object_id, ancestors, bases, type_vars, resolver.as_ref().unwrap().as_ref())
-        };
-
-        let mut is_generic = false;
-        let mut has_base = false;
-        // Check class bases for typevars
-        for b in class_bases_ast {
-            match &b.node {
-                // analyze typevars bounded to the class,
-                // only support things like `class A(Generic[T, V])`,
-                // things like `class A(Generic[T, V, ImportedModule.T])` is not supported
-                // i.e. only simple names are allowed in the subscript
-                // should update the TopLevelDef::Class.typevars and the TypeEnum::TObj.params
-                ast::ExprKind::Subscript { value, slice, .. } if matches!(&value.node, ast::ExprKind::Name { id, .. } if id == &"Generic".into()) =>
-                {
-                    if is_generic {
-                        return Err(HashSet::from([format!(
-                            "only single Generic[...] is allowed (at {})",
-                            b.location
-                        )]));
-                    }
-                    is_generic = true;
-
-                    let type_var_list: Vec<&ast::Expr<()>>;
-                    // if `class A(Generic[T, V, G])`
-                    if let ast::ExprKind::Tuple { elts, .. } = &slice.node {
-                        type_var_list = elts.iter().collect_vec();
-                    // `class A(Generic[T])`
-                    } else {
-                        type_var_list = vec![&**slice];
-                    }
-
-                    let type_vars = type_var_list
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .map(|e| {
-                            class_resolver.parse_type_annotation(
-                                temp_def_list,
-                                unifier,
-                                primitives_store,
-                                e,
-                            )
-                        })
-                        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
-
-                    class_type_vars.extend(type_vars);
-                }
-                ast::ExprKind::Name { .. } | ast::ExprKind::Subscript { .. } => {
-                    if has_base {
-                        return Err(HashSet::from([format!("a class definition can only have at most one base class declaration and one generic declaration (at {})", b.location )]));
-                    }
-                    has_base = true;
-                    // the function parse_ast_to make sure that no type var occurred in
-                    // bast_ty if it is a CustomClassKind
-                    let base_ty = parse_ast_to_type_annotation_kinds(
-                        class_resolver,
-                        temp_def_list,
-                        unifier,
-                        primitives_store,
-                        b,
-                        vec![(*class_def_id, class_type_vars.clone())]
-                            .into_iter()
-                            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>(),
-                    )?;
-                    if let TypeAnnotation::CustomClass { .. } = &base_ty {
-                        class_ancestors.push(base_ty);
-                    } else {
-                        return Err(HashSet::from([format!(
-                            "class base declaration can only be custom class (at {})",
-                            b.location
-                        )]));
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    return Err(HashSet::from([format!(
-                        "unsupported statement in class defintion (at {})",
-                        b.location
-                    )]));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// gets all ancestors of a class
-    pub fn analyze_class_ancestors(
-        class_def: &Arc<RwLock<TopLevelDef>>,
-        temp_def_list: &[Arc<RwLock<TopLevelDef>>],
-    ) {
-        // Check if class has a direct parent
-        let mut class_def = class_def.write();
-        let TopLevelDef::Class { ancestors, type_vars, object_id, .. } = &mut *class_def else {
-            unreachable!()
-        };
-        let mut anc_set = HashMap::new();
-
-        if let Some(ancestor) = ancestors.first() {
-            let TypeAnnotation::CustomClass { id, .. } = ancestor else { unreachable!() };
-            let TopLevelDef::Class { ancestors: parent_ancestors, .. } =
-                &*temp_def_list[id.0].read()
-            else {
-                unreachable!()
-            };
-            for anc in parent_ancestors.iter().skip(1) {
-                let TypeAnnotation::CustomClass { id, .. } = anc else { unreachable!() };
-                anc_set.insert(id, anc.clone());
-            }
-            ancestors.extend(anc_set.into_values());
-        }
-        // push `self` as first ancestor of class
-        ancestors.insert(0, make_self_type_annotation(type_vars.as_slice(), *object_id));
-    }
 }
 
 pub fn parse_parameter_default_value(
@@ -1226,23 +1118,3 @@ pub fn arraylike_get_ndims(unifier: &mut Unifier, ty: Type) -> u64 {
         _ => 0,
     }
 }
-
-/// Extract an ndarray's `ndims` [type][`Type`] in `u64`. Panic if not possible.
-/// The `ndims` must only contain 1 value.
-#[must_use]
-pub fn extract_ndims(unifier: &Unifier, ndims_ty: Type) -> u64 {
-    let ndims_ty_enum = unifier.get_ty_immutable(ndims_ty);
-    let TypeEnum::TLiteral { values, .. } = &*ndims_ty_enum else {
-        panic!("ndims_ty should be a TLiteral");
-    };
-
-    assert_eq!(values.len(), 1, "ndims_ty TLiteral should only contain 1 value");
-
-    let ndims = values[0].clone();
-    u64::try_from(ndims).unwrap()
-}
-
-/// Return an ndarray's `ndims` as a typechecker [`Type`] from its `u64` value.
-pub fn create_ndims(unifier: &mut Unifier, ndims: u64) -> Type {
-    unifier.get_fresh_literal(vec![SymbolValue::U64(ndims)], None)
-}

nac3core/src/toplevel/mod.rs

@@ -6,36 +6,36 @@ use std::{
     sync::Arc,
 };
 
-use inkwell::values::BasicValueEnum;
-use itertools::Itertools;
-use parking_lot::RwLock;
-
-use nac3parser::ast::{self, Expr, Location, Stmt, StrRef};
-
+use super::codegen::CodeGenContext;
+use super::typecheck::type_inferencer::PrimitiveStore;
+use super::typecheck::typedef::{
+    FunSignature, FuncArg, SharedUnifier, Type, TypeEnum, Unifier, VarMap,
+};
 use crate::{
-    codegen::{CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator},
+    codegen::CodeGenerator,
     symbol_resolver::{SymbolResolver, ValueEnum},
     typecheck::{
-        type_inferencer::{CodeLocation, PrimitiveStore},
-        typedef::{
-            CallId, FunSignature, FuncArg, SharedUnifier, Type, TypeEnum, TypeVarId, Unifier,
-            VarMap,
-        },
+        type_inferencer::CodeLocation,
+        typedef::{CallId, TypeVarId},
     },
 };
-use composer::*;
-use type_annotation::*;
+use inkwell::values::BasicValueEnum;
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use nac3parser::ast::{self, Location, Stmt, StrRef};
+use parking_lot::RwLock;
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, Copy, Hash, Debug)]
+pub struct DefinitionId(pub usize);
 
 pub mod builtins;
 pub mod composer;
 pub mod helper;
 pub mod numpy;
+pub mod type_annotation;
+use composer::*;
+use type_annotation::*;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test;
-pub mod type_annotation;
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, Copy, Hash, Debug)]
-pub struct DefinitionId(pub usize);
 
 type GenCallCallback = dyn for<'ctx, 'a> Fn(
         &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, 'a>,
@@ -92,24 +92,6 @@ pub struct FunInstance {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum TopLevelDef {
-    Module {
-        /// Module name
-        name: StrRef,
-        /// Module fields.
-        ///
-        /// Name and type is mutable.
-        fields: Vec<(StrRef, Type, bool)>,
-        /// Module Attributes.
-        ///
-        /// Name, type, value.
-        attributes: Vec<(StrRef, Type, ast::Constant)>,
-        /// Class methods, pointing to the corresponding function definition.
-        methods: Vec<(StrRef, Type, DefinitionId)>,
-        /// Symbol resolver of the module defined the class; [None] if it is built-in type.
-        resolver: Option<Arc<dyn SymbolResolver + Send + Sync>>,
-        /// Definition location.
-        loc: Option<Location>,
-    },
     Class {
         /// Name for error messages and symbols.
         name: StrRef,
@@ -166,25 +148,6 @@ pub enum TopLevelDef {
         /// Definition location.
         loc: Option<Location>,
     },
-    Variable {
-        /// Qualified name of the global variable, should be unique globally.
-        name: String,
-
-        /// Simple name, the same as in method/function definition.
-        simple_name: StrRef,
-
-        /// Type of the global variable.
-        ty: Type,
-
-        /// The declared type of the global variable, or [`None`] if no type annotation is provided.
-        ty_decl: Option<Expr>,
-
-        /// Symbol resolver of the module defined the class.
-        resolver: Option<Arc<dyn SymbolResolver + Send + Sync>>,
-
-        /// Definition location.
-        loc: Option<Location>,
-    },
 }
 
 pub struct TopLevelContext {

nac3core/src/toplevel/numpy.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-use itertools::Itertools;
-
-use super::helper::PrimDef;
-use crate::typecheck::{
+use crate::{
+    toplevel::helper::PrimDef,
+    typecheck::{
         type_inferencer::PrimitiveStore,
         typedef::{Type, TypeEnum, TypeVarId, Unifier, VarMap},
+    },
 };
+use itertools::Itertools;
 
 /// Creates a `ndarray` [`Type`] with the given type arguments.
 ///

nac3core/src/toplevel/snapshots/nac3core__toplevel__test__test_analyze__generic_class.snap

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ source: nac3core/src/toplevel/test.rs
 expression: res_vec
 ---
 [
+    "Class {\nname: \"Generic_A\",\nancestors: [\"Generic_A[V]\", \"B\"],\nfields: [\"aa\", \"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[b:T], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:int32], V]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"V\"]\n}\n",
+    "Function {\nname: \"Generic_A.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
+    "Function {\nname: \"Generic_A.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:int32], V]\",\nvar_id: [TypeVarId(241)]\n}\n",
     "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"B\"],\nfields: [\"aa\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[b:T], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"B.foo\",\nsig: \"fn[[b:T], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
-    "Class {\nname: \"Generic_A\",\nancestors: [\"Generic_A[V]\", \"B\"],\nfields: [\"aa\", \"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[b:T], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[a:int32], V]\")],\ntype_vars: [\"V\"]\n}\n",
-    "Function {\nname: \"Generic_A.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
-    "Function {\nname: \"Generic_A.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:int32], V]\",\nvar_id: [TypeVarId(246)]\n}\n",
 ]

nac3core/src/toplevel/snapshots/nac3core__toplevel__test__test_analyze__simple_class_compose.snap

@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ expression: res_vec
     "Function {\nname: \"A.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[b:B], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"A.foo\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:T, b:V], none]\",\nvar_id: [TypeVarId(249)]\n}\n",
+    "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"B\", \"C\", \"A\"],\nfields: [\"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[b:B], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[a:T, b:V], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
+    "Function {\nname: \"B.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Class {\nname: \"C\",\nancestors: [\"C\", \"A\"],\nfields: [\"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[b:B], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[a:T, b:V], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"C.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"C.fun\",\nsig: \"fn[[b:B], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
-    "Class {\nname: \"B\",\nancestors: [\"B\", \"C\", \"A\"],\nfields: [\"a\"],\nmethods: [(\"__init__\", \"fn[[], none]\"), (\"fun\", \"fn[[b:B], none]\"), (\"foo\", \"fn[[a:T, b:V], none]\")],\ntype_vars: []\n}\n",
-    "Function {\nname: \"B.__init__\",\nsig: \"fn[[], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"foo\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:A], none]\",\nvar_id: []\n}\n",
     "Function {\nname: \"ff\",\nsig: \"fn[[a:T], V]\",\nvar_id: [TypeVarId(257)]\n}\n",
 ]

nac3core/src/toplevel/test.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,21 @@
-use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::Arc};
-
-use indoc::indoc;
-use parking_lot::Mutex;
-use test_case::test_case;
-
-use nac3parser::{
-    ast::{fold::Fold, FileName},
-    parser::parse_program,
-};
-
-use super::{helper::PrimDef, DefinitionId, *};
+use super::*;
+use crate::toplevel::helper::PrimDef;
+use crate::typecheck::typedef::into_var_map;
 use crate::{
     codegen::CodeGenContext,
     symbol_resolver::{SymbolResolver, ValueEnum},
+    toplevel::DefinitionId,
     typecheck::{
         type_inferencer::PrimitiveStore,
-        typedef::{into_var_map, Type, Unifier},
+        typedef::{Type, Unifier},
     },
 };
+use indoc::indoc;
+use nac3parser::ast::FileName;
+use nac3parser::{ast::fold::Fold, parser::parse_program};
+use parking_lot::Mutex;
+use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::Arc};
+use test_case::test_case;
 
 struct ResolverInternal {
     id_to_type: Mutex<HashMap<StrRef, Type>>,
@@ -64,7 +62,6 @@ impl SymbolResolver for Resolver {
         &self,
         _: StrRef,
         _: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        _: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
     ) -> Option<ValueEnum<'ctx>> {
         unimplemented!()
     }
@@ -229,6 +226,11 @@ fn test_simple_function_analyze(source: &[&str], tys: &[&str], names: &[&str]) {
                 def foo(self, a: T, b: V):
                     pass
         "},
+        indoc! {"
+            class B(C):
+                def __init__(self):
+                    pass
+        "},
         indoc! {"
             class C(A):
                 def __init__(self):
@@ -237,11 +239,6 @@ fn test_simple_function_analyze(source: &[&str], tys: &[&str], names: &[&str]) {
                     a = 1
                     pass
         "},
-        indoc! {"
-            class B(C):
-                def __init__(self):
-                    pass
-        "},
         indoc! {"
             def foo(a: A):
                 pass
@@ -256,14 +253,6 @@ fn test_simple_function_analyze(source: &[&str], tys: &[&str], names: &[&str]) {
 )]
 #[test_case(
     &[
-        indoc! {"
-        class B:
-            aa: bool
-            def __init__(self):
-                self.aa = False
-            def foo(self, b: T):
-                pass
-        "},
         indoc! {"
             class Generic_A(Generic[V], B):
                 a: int64
@@ -271,6 +260,14 @@ fn test_simple_function_analyze(source: &[&str], tys: &[&str], names: &[&str]) {
                     self.a = 123123123123
                 def fun(self, a: int32) -> V:
                     pass
+        "},
+        indoc! {"
+            class B:
+                aa: bool
+                def __init__(self):
+                    self.aa = False
+                def foo(self, b: T):
+                    pass
         "}
     ],
     &[];
@@ -390,18 +387,18 @@ fn test_simple_function_analyze(source: &[&str], tys: &[&str], names: &[&str]) {
                     pass
         "}
     ],
-    &["NameError: name 'B' is not defined (at unknown:1:9)"];
+    &["cyclic inheritance detected"];
     "cyclic1"
 )]
 #[test_case(
     &[
         indoc! {"
-        class B(Generic[V, T], C[int32]):
+            class A(B[bool, int64]):
                 def __init__(self):
                     pass
         "},
         indoc! {"
-            class A(B[bool, int64]):
+            class B(Generic[V, T], C[int32]):
                 def __init__(self):
                     pass
         "},
@@ -411,7 +408,7 @@ fn test_simple_function_analyze(source: &[&str], tys: &[&str], names: &[&str]) {
                     pass
         "},
     ],
-    &["NameError: name 'C' is not defined (at unknown:1:25)"];
+    &["cyclic inheritance detected"];
     "cyclic2"
 )]
 #[test_case(
@@ -435,6 +432,11 @@ fn test_simple_function_analyze(source: &[&str], tys: &[&str], names: &[&str]) {
 )]
 #[test_case(
     &[
+        indoc! {"
+            class A(B, Generic[T], C):
+                def __init__(self):
+                    pass
+        "},
         indoc! {"
             class B:
                 def __init__(self):
@@ -444,11 +446,6 @@ fn test_simple_function_analyze(source: &[&str], tys: &[&str], names: &[&str]) {
             class C:
                 def __init__(self):
                     pass
-        "},
-        indoc! {"
-        class A(B, Generic[T], C):
-            def __init__(self):
-                pass
         "}
 
     ],

nac3core/src/toplevel/type_annotation.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
-use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
-
+use super::*;
+use crate::symbol_resolver::SymbolValue;
+use crate::toplevel::helper::{PrimDef, PrimDefDetails};
+use crate::typecheck::typedef::VarMap;
 use nac3parser::ast::Constant;
-
-use super::{
-    helper::{PrimDef, PrimDefDetails},
-    *,
-};
-use crate::{symbol_resolver::SymbolValue, typecheck::typedef::VarMap};
+use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub enum TypeAnnotation {
@@ -100,13 +97,7 @@ pub fn parse_ast_to_type_annotation_kinds<T, S: std::hash::BuildHasher + Clone>(
             Ok(TypeAnnotation::CustomClass { id: PrimDef::Exception.id(), params: Vec::default() })
         } else if let Ok(obj_id) = resolver.get_identifier_def(*id) {
             let type_vars = {
-                let Some(top_level_def) = top_level_defs.get(obj_id.0) else {
-                    return Err(HashSet::from([format!(
-                        "NameError: name '{id}' is not defined (at {})",
-                        expr.location
-                    )]));
-                };
-                let def_read = top_level_def.try_read();
+                let def_read = top_level_defs[obj_id.0].try_read();
                 if let Some(def_read) = def_read {
                     if let TopLevelDef::Class { type_vars, .. } = &*def_read {
                         type_vars.clone()
@@ -161,17 +152,12 @@ pub fn parse_ast_to_type_annotation_kinds<T, S: std::hash::BuildHasher + Clone>(
             }
             let obj_id = resolver.get_identifier_def(*id)?;
             let type_vars = {
-                let Some(top_level_def) = top_level_defs.get(obj_id.0) else {
-                    return Err(HashSet::from([format!(
-                        "NameError: name '{id}' is not defined (at {})",
-                        expr.location
-                    )]));
-                };
-                let def_read = top_level_def.try_read();
+                let def_read = top_level_defs[obj_id.0].try_read();
                 if let Some(def_read) = def_read {
                     let TopLevelDef::Class { type_vars, .. } = &*def_read else {
                         unreachable!("must be class here")
                     };
+
                     type_vars.clone()
                 } else {
                     locked.get(&obj_id).unwrap().clone()

nac3core/src/typecheck/function_check.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,13 @@
-use std::{
-    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
-    iter::once,
-};
+use crate::toplevel::helper::PrimDef;
 
+use super::type_inferencer::Inferencer;
+use super::typedef::{Type, TypeEnum};
 use nac3parser::ast::{
     self, Constant, Expr, ExprKind,
     Operator::{LShift, RShift},
     Stmt, StmtKind, StrRef,
 };
-
-use super::{
-    type_inferencer::{DeclarationSource, IdentifierInfo, Inferencer},
-    typedef::{Type, TypeEnum},
-};
-use crate::toplevel::helper::PrimDef;
+use std::{collections::HashSet, iter::once};
 
 impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
     fn should_have_value(&mut self, expr: &Expr<Option<Type>>) -> Result<(), HashSet<String>> {
@@ -27,29 +21,15 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
     fn check_pattern(
         &mut self,
         pattern: &Expr<Option<Type>>,
-        defined_identifiers: &mut HashMap<StrRef, IdentifierInfo>,
+        defined_identifiers: &mut HashSet<StrRef>,
     ) -> Result<(), HashSet<String>> {
         match &pattern.node {
             ExprKind::Name { id, .. } if id == &"none".into() => {
                 Err(HashSet::from([format!("cannot assign to a `none` (at {})", pattern.location)]))
             }
             ExprKind::Name { id, .. } => {
-                // If `id` refers to a declared symbol, reject this assignment if it is used in the
-                // context of an (implicit) global variable
-                if let Some(id_info) = defined_identifiers.get(id) {
-                    if matches!(
-                        id_info.source,
-                        DeclarationSource::Global { is_explicit: Some(false) }
-                    ) {
-                        return Err(HashSet::from([format!(
-                            "cannot access local variable '{id}' before it is declared (at {})",
-                            pattern.location
-                        )]));
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if !defined_identifiers.contains_key(id) {
-                    defined_identifiers.insert(*id, IdentifierInfo::default());
+                if !defined_identifiers.contains(id) {
+                    defined_identifiers.insert(*id);
                 }
                 self.should_have_value(pattern)?;
                 Ok(())
@@ -89,7 +69,7 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
     fn check_expr(
         &mut self,
         expr: &Expr<Option<Type>>,
-        defined_identifiers: &mut HashMap<StrRef, IdentifierInfo>,
+        defined_identifiers: &mut HashSet<StrRef>,
     ) -> Result<(), HashSet<String>> {
         // there are some cases where the custom field is None
         if let Some(ty) = &expr.custom {
@@ -110,7 +90,7 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
                     return Ok(());
                 }
                 self.should_have_value(expr)?;
-                if !defined_identifiers.contains_key(id) {
+                if !defined_identifiers.contains(id) {
                     match self.function_data.resolver.get_symbol_type(
                         self.unifier,
                         &self.top_level.definitions.read(),
@@ -118,22 +98,7 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
                         *id,
                     ) {
                         Ok(_) => {
-                            let is_global = self.is_id_global(*id);
-
-                            defined_identifiers.insert(
-                                *id,
-                                IdentifierInfo {
-                                    source: match is_global {
-                                        Some(true) => {
-                                            DeclarationSource::Global { is_explicit: Some(false) }
-                                        }
-                                        Some(false) => {
-                                            DeclarationSource::Global { is_explicit: None }
-                                        }
-                                        None => DeclarationSource::Local,
-                                    },
-                                },
-                            );
+                            self.defined_identifiers.insert(*id);
                         }
                         Err(e) => {
                             return Err(HashSet::from([format!(
@@ -206,7 +171,9 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
                 let mut defined_identifiers = defined_identifiers.clone();
                 for arg in &args.args {
                     // TODO: should we check the types here?
-                    defined_identifiers.entry(arg.node.arg).or_default();
+                    if !defined_identifiers.contains(&arg.node.arg) {
+                        defined_identifiers.insert(arg.node.arg);
+                    }
                 }
                 self.check_expr(body, &mut defined_identifiers)?;
             }
@@ -269,7 +236,7 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
     fn check_stmt(
         &mut self,
         stmt: &Stmt<Option<Type>>,
-        defined_identifiers: &mut HashMap<StrRef, IdentifierInfo>,
+        defined_identifiers: &mut HashSet<StrRef>,
     ) -> Result<bool, HashSet<String>> {
         match &stmt.node {
             StmtKind::For { target, iter, body, orelse, .. } => {
@@ -295,11 +262,9 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
                 let body_returned = self.check_block(body, &mut body_identifiers)?;
                 let orelse_returned = self.check_block(orelse, &mut orelse_identifiers)?;
 
-                for ident in body_identifiers.keys() {
-                    if !defined_identifiers.contains_key(ident)
-                        && orelse_identifiers.contains_key(ident)
-                    {
-                        defined_identifiers.insert(*ident, IdentifierInfo::default());
+                for ident in &body_identifiers {
+                    if !defined_identifiers.contains(ident) && orelse_identifiers.contains(ident) {
+                        defined_identifiers.insert(*ident);
                     }
                 }
                 Ok(body_returned && orelse_returned)
@@ -330,7 +295,7 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
                     let mut defined_identifiers = defined_identifiers.clone();
                     let ast::ExcepthandlerKind::ExceptHandler { name, body, .. } = &handler.node;
                     if let Some(name) = name {
-                        defined_identifiers.insert(*name, IdentifierInfo::default());
+                        defined_identifiers.insert(*name);
                     }
                     self.check_block(body, &mut defined_identifiers)?;
                 }
@@ -394,44 +359,6 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
                 }
                 Ok(true)
             }
-            StmtKind::Global { names, .. } => {
-                for id in names {
-                    if let Some(id_info) = defined_identifiers.get(id) {
-                        if id_info.source == DeclarationSource::Local {
-                            return Err(HashSet::from([format!(
-                                "name '{id}' is referenced prior to global declaration at {}",
-                                stmt.location,
-                            )]));
-                        }
-
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    match self.function_data.resolver.get_symbol_type(
-                        self.unifier,
-                        &self.top_level.definitions.read(),
-                        self.primitives,
-                        *id,
-                    ) {
-                        Ok(_) => {
-                            defined_identifiers.insert(
-                                *id,
-                                IdentifierInfo {
-                                    source: DeclarationSource::Global { is_explicit: Some(true) },
-                                },
-                            );
-                        }
-                        Err(e) => {
-                            return Err(HashSet::from([format!(
-                                "type error at identifier `{}` ({}) at {}",
-                                id, e, stmt.location
-                            )]))
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                Ok(false)
-            }
             // break, raise, etc.
             _ => Ok(false),
         }
@@ -440,7 +367,7 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
     pub fn check_block(
         &mut self,
         block: &[Stmt<Option<Type>>],
-        defined_identifiers: &mut HashMap<StrRef, IdentifierInfo>,
+        defined_identifiers: &mut HashSet<StrRef>,
     ) -> Result<bool, HashSet<String>> {
         let mut ret = false;
         for stmt in block {

nac3core/src/typecheck/magic_methods.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,17 @@
-use std::{cmp::max, collections::HashMap, rc::Rc};
-
-use itertools::{iproduct, Itertools};
-use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
-
-use nac3parser::ast::{Cmpop, Operator, StrRef, Unaryop};
-
-use super::{
+use crate::symbol_resolver::SymbolValue;
+use crate::toplevel::helper::PrimDef;
+use crate::toplevel::numpy::{make_ndarray_ty, unpack_ndarray_var_tys};
+use crate::typecheck::{
     type_inferencer::*,
     typedef::{FunSignature, FuncArg, Type, TypeEnum, Unifier, VarMap},
 };
-use crate::{
-    symbol_resolver::SymbolValue,
-    toplevel::{
-        helper::PrimDef,
-        numpy::{make_ndarray_ty, unpack_ndarray_var_tys},
-    },
-};
+use itertools::{iproduct, Itertools};
+use nac3parser::ast::StrRef;
+use nac3parser::ast::{Cmpop, Operator, Unaryop};
+use std::cmp::max;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
 
 /// The variant of a binary operator.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]

nac3core/src/typecheck/type_error.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
-use std::{collections::HashMap, fmt::Display};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fmt::Display;
 
-use itertools::Itertools;
-
-use nac3parser::ast::{Cmpop, Location, StrRef};
+use crate::typecheck::{magic_methods::HasOpInfo, typedef::TypeEnum};
 
 use super::{
-    magic_methods::{Binop, HasOpInfo},
-    typedef::{RecordKey, Type, TypeEnum, Unifier},
+    magic_methods::Binop,
+    typedef::{RecordKey, Type, Unifier},
 };
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use nac3parser::ast::{Cmpop, Location, StrRef};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum TypeErrorKind {

nac3core/src/typecheck/type_inferencer/mod.rs

@@ -1,36 +1,32 @@
-use std::{
-    cell::RefCell,
-    cmp::max,
-    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
-    convert::{From, TryInto},
-    iter::once,
-    sync::Arc,
-};
-
-use itertools::{izip, Itertools};
-
-use nac3parser::ast::{
-    self,
-    fold::{self, Fold},
-    Arguments, Comprehension, ExprContext, ExprKind, Ident, Located, Location, StrRef,
-};
+use std::cmp::max;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::convert::{From, TryInto};
+use std::iter::once;
+use std::{cell::RefCell, sync::Arc};
 
 use super::{
     magic_methods::*,
     type_error::{TypeError, TypeErrorKind},
     typedef::{
-        into_var_map, iter_type_vars, Call, CallId, FunSignature, FuncArg, Mapping, OperatorInfo,
+        into_var_map, iter_type_vars, Call, CallId, FunSignature, FuncArg, OperatorInfo,
         RecordField, RecordKey, Type, TypeEnum, TypeVar, Unifier, VarMap,
     },
 };
+use crate::toplevel::type_annotation::TypeAnnotation;
 use crate::{
     symbol_resolver::{SymbolResolver, SymbolValue},
     toplevel::{
         helper::{arraylike_flatten_element_type, arraylike_get_ndims, PrimDef},
         numpy::{make_ndarray_ty, unpack_ndarray_var_tys},
-        type_annotation::TypeAnnotation,
         TopLevelContext, TopLevelDef,
     },
+    typecheck::typedef::Mapping,
+};
+use itertools::{izip, Itertools};
+use nac3parser::ast::{
+    self,
+    fold::{self, Fold},
+    Arguments, Comprehension, ExprContext, ExprKind, Located, Location, StrRef,
 };
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -88,40 +84,6 @@ impl PrimitiveStore {
     }
 }
 
-/// The location where an identifier declaration refers to.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
-pub enum DeclarationSource {
-    /// Local scope.
-    Local,
-
-    /// Global scope.
-    Global {
-        /// Whether the identifier is declared by the use of `global` statement. This field is
-        /// [`None`] if the identifier does not refer to a variable.
-        is_explicit: Option<bool>,
-    },
-}
-
-/// Information regarding a defined identifier.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-pub struct IdentifierInfo {
-    /// Whether this identifier refers to a global variable.
-    pub source: DeclarationSource,
-}
-
-impl Default for IdentifierInfo {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        IdentifierInfo { source: DeclarationSource::Local }
-    }
-}
-
-impl IdentifierInfo {
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn new() -> IdentifierInfo {
-        IdentifierInfo::default()
-    }
-}
-
 pub struct FunctionData {
     pub resolver: Arc<dyn SymbolResolver + Send + Sync>,
     pub return_type: Option<Type>,
@@ -130,7 +92,7 @@ pub struct FunctionData {
 
 pub struct Inferencer<'a> {
     pub top_level: &'a TopLevelContext,
-    pub defined_identifiers: HashMap<StrRef, IdentifierInfo>,
+    pub defined_identifiers: HashSet<StrRef>,
     pub function_data: &'a mut FunctionData,
     pub unifier: &'a mut Unifier,
     pub primitives: &'a PrimitiveStore,
@@ -262,7 +224,9 @@ impl<'a> Fold<()> for Inferencer<'a> {
                                 handler.location,
                             ));
                             if let Some(name) = name {
-                                self.defined_identifiers.entry(name).or_default();
+                                if !self.defined_identifiers.contains(&name) {
+                                    self.defined_identifiers.insert(name);
+                                }
                                 if let Some(old_typ) = self.variable_mapping.insert(name, typ) {
                                     let loc = handler.location;
                                     self.unifier.unify(old_typ, typ).map_err(|e| {
@@ -414,7 +378,6 @@ impl<'a> Fold<()> for Inferencer<'a> {
             | ast::StmtKind::Continue { .. }
             | ast::StmtKind::Expr { .. }
             | ast::StmtKind::For { .. }
-            | ast::StmtKind::Global { .. }
             | ast::StmtKind::Pass { .. }
             | ast::StmtKind::Try { .. } => {}
             ast::StmtKind::If { test, .. } | ast::StmtKind::While { test, .. } => {
@@ -536,8 +499,9 @@ impl<'a> Fold<()> for Inferencer<'a> {
             }
             ast::StmtKind::Assert { test, msg, .. } => {
                 self.unify(test.custom.unwrap(), self.primitives.bool, &test.location)?;
-                if let Some(m) = msg {
-                    self.unify(m.custom.unwrap(), self.primitives.str, &m.location)?;
+                match msg {
+                    Some(m) => self.unify(m.custom.unwrap(), self.primitives.str, &m.location)?,
+                    None => (),
                 }
             }
             _ => return report_error("Unsupported statement type", stmt.location),
@@ -585,7 +549,7 @@ impl<'a> Fold<()> for Inferencer<'a> {
                         unreachable!("must be tobj")
                     }
                 } else {
-                    if !self.defined_identifiers.contains_key(id) {
+                    if !self.defined_identifiers.contains(id) {
                         match self.function_data.resolver.get_symbol_type(
                             self.unifier,
                             &self.top_level.definitions.read(),
@@ -593,22 +557,7 @@ impl<'a> Fold<()> for Inferencer<'a> {
                             *id,
                         ) {
                             Ok(_) => {
-                                let is_global = self.is_id_global(*id);
-
-                                self.defined_identifiers.insert(
-                                    *id,
-                                    IdentifierInfo {
-                                        source: match is_global {
-                                            Some(true) => DeclarationSource::Global {
-                                                is_explicit: Some(false),
-                                            },
-                                            Some(false) => {
-                                                DeclarationSource::Global { is_explicit: None }
-                                            }
-                                            None => DeclarationSource::Local,
-                                        },
-                                    },
-                                );
+                                self.defined_identifiers.insert(*id);
                             }
                             Err(e) => {
                                 return report_error(
@@ -673,8 +622,8 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
     fn infer_pattern<T>(&mut self, pattern: &ast::Expr<T>) -> Result<(), InferenceError> {
         match &pattern.node {
             ExprKind::Name { id, .. } => {
-                if !self.defined_identifiers.contains_key(id) {
-                    self.defined_identifiers.insert(*id, IdentifierInfo::default());
+                if !self.defined_identifiers.contains(id) {
+                    self.defined_identifiers.insert(*id);
                 }
                 Ok(())
             }
@@ -783,8 +732,8 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
         let mut defined_identifiers = self.defined_identifiers.clone();
         for arg in &args.args {
             let name = &arg.node.arg;
-            if !defined_identifiers.contains_key(name) {
-                defined_identifiers.insert(*name, IdentifierInfo::default());
+            if !defined_identifiers.contains(name) {
+                defined_identifiers.insert(*name);
             }
         }
         let fn_args: Vec<_> = args
@@ -1601,29 +1550,36 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
         }
         // 2-argument ndarray n-dimensional creation functions
         if id == &"np_full".into() && args.len() == 2 {
-            // Parse arguments
-            let shape_expr = args.remove(0);
-            let (ndims, shape) =
-                self.fold_numpy_function_call_shape_argument(*id, 0, shape_expr)?; // Special handling for `shape`
+            let ExprKind::List { elts, .. } = &args[0].node else {
+                return report_error(
+                    format!(
+                        "Expected List literal for first argument of {id}, got {}",
+                        args[0].node.name()
+                    )
+                    .as_str(),
+                    args[0].location,
+                );
+            };
 
-            let fill_value = self.fold_expr(args.remove(0))?;
+            let ndims = elts.len() as u64;
 
-            // Build the return type
-            let dtype = fill_value.custom.unwrap();
+            let arg0 = self.fold_expr(args.remove(0))?;
+            let arg1 = self.fold_expr(args.remove(0))?;
+
+            let ty = arg1.custom.unwrap();
             let ndims = self.unifier.get_fresh_literal(vec![SymbolValue::U64(ndims)], None);
-            let ret = make_ndarray_ty(self.unifier, self.primitives, Some(dtype), Some(ndims));
-
+            let ret = make_ndarray_ty(self.unifier, self.primitives, Some(ty), Some(ndims));
             let custom = self.unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature {
                 args: vec![
                     FuncArg {
                         name: "shape".into(),
-                        ty: shape.custom.unwrap(),
+                        ty: arg0.custom.unwrap(),
                         default_value: None,
                         is_vararg: false,
                     },
                     FuncArg {
                         name: "fill_value".into(),
-                        ty: fill_value.custom.unwrap(),
+                        ty: arg1.custom.unwrap(),
                         default_value: None,
                         is_vararg: false,
                     },
@@ -1641,7 +1597,7 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
                         location: func.location,
                         node: ExprKind::Name { id: *id, ctx: *ctx },
                     }),
-                    args: vec![shape, fill_value],
+                    args: vec![arg0, arg1],
                     keywords: vec![],
                 },
             }));
@@ -2684,22 +2640,4 @@ impl<'a> Inferencer<'a> {
         self.constrain(body.custom.unwrap(), orelse.custom.unwrap(), &body.location)?;
         Ok(body.custom.unwrap())
     }
-
-    /// Determines whether the given `id` refers to a global symbol.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `Some(true)` if `id` refers to a global variable, `Some(false)` if `id` refers to a
-    /// class/function, and `None` if `id` refers to a local symbol.
-    pub(super) fn is_id_global(&self, id: Ident) -> Option<bool> {
-        self.top_level
-            .definitions
-            .read()
-            .iter()
-            .map(|def| match *def.read() {
-                TopLevelDef::Class { name, .. } | TopLevelDef::Module { name, .. } => (name, false), // TODO: Check if should be global
-                TopLevelDef::Function { simple_name, .. } => (simple_name, false),
-                TopLevelDef::Variable { simple_name, .. } => (simple_name, true),
-            })
-            .find(|(global, _)| global == &id)
-            .map(|(_, has_explicit_prop)| has_explicit_prop)
-    }
 }

nac3core/src/typecheck/type_inferencer/test.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,17 @@
-use std::iter::zip;
-
-use indexmap::IndexMap;
-use indoc::indoc;
-use parking_lot::RwLock;
-use test_case::test_case;
-
-use nac3parser::{ast::FileName, parser::parse_program};
-
+use super::super::{magic_methods::with_fields, typedef::*};
 use super::*;
 use crate::{
-    codegen::{CodeGenContext, CodeGenerator},
+    codegen::CodeGenContext,
     symbol_resolver::ValueEnum,
     toplevel::{helper::PrimDef, DefinitionId, TopLevelDef},
-    typecheck::{magic_methods::with_fields, typedef::*},
 };
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
+use indoc::indoc;
+use nac3parser::ast::FileName;
+use nac3parser::parser::parse_program;
+use parking_lot::RwLock;
+use std::iter::zip;
+use test_case::test_case;
 
 struct Resolver {
     id_to_type: HashMap<StrRef, Type>,
@@ -43,7 +41,6 @@ impl SymbolResolver for Resolver {
         &self,
         _: StrRef,
         _: &mut CodeGenContext<'ctx, '_>,
-        _: &mut dyn CodeGenerator,
     ) -> Option<ValueEnum<'ctx>> {
         unimplemented!()
     }
@@ -520,7 +517,7 @@ impl TestEnvironment {
             primitives: &mut self.primitives,
             virtual_checks: &mut self.virtual_checks,
             calls: &mut self.calls,
-            defined_identifiers: HashMap::default(),
+            defined_identifiers: HashSet::default(),
             in_handler: false,
         }
     }
@@ -596,9 +593,8 @@ fn test_basic(source: &str, mapping: &HashMap<&str, &str>, virtuals: &[(&str, &s
     println!("source:\n{source}");
     let mut env = TestEnvironment::new();
     let id_to_name = std::mem::take(&mut env.id_to_name);
-    let mut defined_identifiers: HashMap<_, _> =
-        env.identifier_mapping.keys().copied().map(|id| (id, IdentifierInfo::default())).collect();
-    defined_identifiers.insert("virtual".into(), IdentifierInfo::default());
+    let mut defined_identifiers: HashSet<_> = env.identifier_mapping.keys().copied().collect();
+    defined_identifiers.insert("virtual".into());
     let mut inferencer = env.get_inferencer();
     inferencer.defined_identifiers.clone_from(&defined_identifiers);
     let statements = parse_program(source, FileName::default()).unwrap();
@@ -743,9 +739,8 @@ fn test_primitive_magic_methods(source: &str, mapping: &HashMap<&str, &str>) {
     println!("source:\n{source}");
     let mut env = TestEnvironment::basic_test_env();
     let id_to_name = std::mem::take(&mut env.id_to_name);
-    let mut defined_identifiers: HashMap<_, _> =
-        env.identifier_mapping.keys().copied().map(|id| (id, IdentifierInfo::default())).collect();
-    defined_identifiers.insert("virtual".into(), IdentifierInfo::default());
+    let mut defined_identifiers: HashSet<_> = env.identifier_mapping.keys().copied().collect();
+    defined_identifiers.insert("virtual".into());
     let mut inferencer = env.get_inferencer();
     inferencer.defined_identifiers.clone_from(&defined_identifiers);
     let statements = parse_program(source, FileName::default()).unwrap();

nac3core/src/typecheck/typedef/mod.rs

@@ -1,28 +1,21 @@
-use std::{
-    borrow::Cow,
-    cell::RefCell,
-    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
-    fmt::{self, Display},
-    iter::{repeat, zip},
-    rc::Rc,
-    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
-};
-
+use super::magic_methods::{Binop, HasOpInfo};
+use super::type_error::{TypeError, TypeErrorKind};
+use super::unification_table::{UnificationKey, UnificationTable};
+use crate::symbol_resolver::SymbolValue;
+use crate::toplevel::helper::PrimDef;
+use crate::toplevel::{DefinitionId, TopLevelContext, TopLevelDef};
+use crate::typecheck::magic_methods::OpInfo;
+use crate::typecheck::type_inferencer::PrimitiveStore;
 use indexmap::IndexMap;
 use itertools::{repeat_n, Itertools};
-
 use nac3parser::ast::{Cmpop, Location, StrRef, Unaryop};
-
-use super::{
-    magic_methods::{Binop, HasOpInfo, OpInfo},
-    type_error::{TypeError, TypeErrorKind},
-    type_inferencer::PrimitiveStore,
-    unification_table::{UnificationKey, UnificationTable},
-};
-use crate::{
-    symbol_resolver::SymbolValue,
-    toplevel::{helper::PrimDef, DefinitionId, TopLevelContext, TopLevelDef},
-};
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fmt::{self, Display};
+use std::iter::{repeat, zip};
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, collections::HashSet};
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test;
@@ -677,8 +670,8 @@ impl Unifier {
         let num_args = posargs.len() + kwargs.len();
 
         // Now we check the arguments against the parameters,
-        // and depending on what `call_info` is, we might change how `unify_call()` behaves
-        // to improve user error messages when type checking fails.
+        // and depending on what `call_info` is, we might change how the behavior `unify_call()`
+        // in hopes to improve user error messages when type checking fails.
         match operator_info {
             Some(OperatorInfo::IsBinaryOp { self_type, operator }) => {
                 // The call is written in the form of (say) `a + b`.

nac3core/src/typecheck/typedef/test.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
+use super::super::magic_methods::with_fields;
+use super::*;
 use indoc::indoc;
 use itertools::Itertools;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 use test_case::test_case;
 
-use super::*;
-use crate::typecheck::magic_methods::with_fields;
-
 impl Unifier {
     /// Check whether two types are equal.
     fn eq(&mut self, a: Type, b: Type) -> bool {

nac3ld/src/dwarf.rs

@@ -24,15 +24,26 @@ pub const DW_EH_PE_aligned: u8 = 0x50;
 
 pub const DW_EH_PE_indirect: u8 = 0x80;
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct DwarfReader<'a> {
     pub slice: &'a [u8],
     pub virt_addr: u32,
+    base_slice: &'a [u8],
+    base_virt_addr: u32,
 }
 
 impl<'a> DwarfReader<'a> {
     pub fn new(slice: &[u8], virt_addr: u32) -> DwarfReader {
-        DwarfReader { slice, virt_addr }
+        DwarfReader { slice, virt_addr, base_slice: slice, base_virt_addr: virt_addr }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new instance from another instance of [DwarfReader], optionally removing any
+    /// offsets previously applied to the other instance.
+    pub fn from_reader(other: &DwarfReader<'a>, reset_offset: bool) -> DwarfReader<'a> {
+        if reset_offset {
+            DwarfReader::new(other.base_slice, other.base_virt_addr)
+        } else {
+            DwarfReader::new(other.slice, other.virt_addr)
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn offset(&mut self, offset: u32) {
@@ -79,7 +90,6 @@ impl<'a> DwarfReader<'a> {
     pub fn read_u8(&mut self) -> u8 {
         let val = self.slice[0];
         self.slice = &self.slice[1..];
-        self.virt_addr += 1;
         val
     }
 }
@@ -91,7 +101,6 @@ macro_rules! impl_read_fn {
                 pub fn $byteorder_fn(&mut self) -> $type {
                     let val = LittleEndian::$byteorder_fn(self.slice);
                     self.slice = &self.slice[mem::size_of::<$type>()..];
-                    self.virt_addr += mem::size_of::<$type>() as u32;
                     val
                 }
             )*
@@ -217,7 +226,7 @@ impl<'a> EH_Frame<'a> {
 
     /// Returns an [Iterator] over all Call Frame Information (CFI) records.
     pub fn cfi_records(&self) -> CFI_Records<'a> {
-        let reader = self.reader.clone();
+        let reader = DwarfReader::from_reader(&self.reader, true);
         let len = reader.slice.len();
 
         CFI_Records { reader, available: len }
@@ -248,7 +257,7 @@ impl<'a> CFI_Record<'a> {
             0xFFFF_FFFF => unimplemented!(),
 
             _ => {
-                let mut fde_reader = cie_reader.clone();
+                let mut fde_reader = DwarfReader::from_reader(cie_reader, false);
                 fde_reader.offset(length);
                 fde_reader
             }
@@ -267,7 +276,7 @@ impl<'a> CFI_Record<'a> {
         // Skip code/data alignment factors & return address register along the way as well
         // We only tackle the case where 'z' and 'R' are part of the augmentation string, otherwise
         // we cannot get the addresses to make .eh_frame_hdr
-        let mut aug_data_reader = cie_reader.clone();
+        let mut aug_data_reader = DwarfReader::from_reader(cie_reader, false);
         let mut aug_str_len = 0;
         loop {
             if aug_data_reader.read_u8() == b'\0' {
@@ -310,7 +319,7 @@ impl<'a> CFI_Record<'a> {
     /// Returns a [DwarfReader] initialized to the first Frame Description Entry (FDE) of this CFI
     /// record.
     pub fn get_fde_reader(&self) -> DwarfReader<'a> {
-        self.fde_reader.clone()
+        DwarfReader::from_reader(&self.fde_reader, true)
     }
 
     /// Returns an [Iterator] over all Frame Description Entries (FDEs).
@@ -338,7 +347,7 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for CFI_Records<'a> {
                 return None;
             }
 
-            let mut this_reader = self.reader.clone();
+            let mut this_reader = DwarfReader::from_reader(&self.reader, false);
 
             // Remove the length of the header and the content from the counter
             let length = self.reader.read_u32();
@@ -351,7 +360,7 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for CFI_Records<'a> {
 
             // Remove the length of the header and the content from the counter
             self.available -= length + mem::size_of::<u32>();
-            let mut next_reader = self.reader.clone();
+            let mut next_reader = DwarfReader::from_reader(&self.reader, false);
             next_reader.offset(length as u32);
 
             let cie_ptr = self.reader.read_u32();
@@ -387,8 +396,6 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for FDE_Records<'a> {
             return None;
         }
 
-        let fde_addr = self.reader.virt_addr;
-
         // Remove the length of the header and the content from the counter
         let length = match self.reader.read_u32() {
             // eh_frame with 0-length means the CIE is terminated
@@ -399,14 +406,14 @@ impl<'a> Iterator for FDE_Records<'a> {
 
         // Remove the length of the header and the content from the counter
         self.available -= length + mem::size_of::<u32>();
-        let mut next_fde_reader = self.reader.clone();
+        let mut next_fde_reader = DwarfReader::from_reader(&self.reader, false);
         next_fde_reader.offset(length as u32);
 
         let cie_ptr = self.reader.read_u32();
         let next_val = if cie_ptr != 0 {
             let pc_begin = read_encoded_pointer_with_pc(&mut self.reader, self.pointer_encoding)
                 .expect("Failed to read PC Begin");
-            Some((pc_begin as u32, fde_addr))
+            Some((pc_begin as u32, self.reader.virt_addr))
         } else {
             None
         };
@@ -439,7 +446,9 @@ impl<'a> EH_Frame_Hdr<'a> {
         writer.write_u8(0x03); // fde_count_enc - 4-byte unsigned value
         writer.write_u8(0x3B); // table_enc - .eh_frame_hdr section-relative 4-byte signed value
 
-        let eh_frame_offset = eh_frame_addr.wrapping_sub(eh_frame_hdr_addr + writer.offset as u32);
+        let eh_frame_offset = eh_frame_addr.wrapping_sub(
+            eh_frame_hdr_addr + writer.offset as u32 + ((mem::size_of::<u8>() as u32) * 4),
+        );
         writer.write_u32(eh_frame_offset); // eh_frame_ptr
         writer.write_u32(0); // `fde_count`, will be written in finalize_fde