nalgebra/src/core/matrix_slice.rs

use std::marker::PhantomData;
use std::ops::{Range, RangeFrom, RangeTo, RangeFull};
use std::slice;

use core::{Scalar, Matrix};
use core::dimension::{Dim, DimName, Dynamic, U1};
use core::iter::MatrixIter;
use core::storage::{Storage, StorageMut, Owned};
use core::allocator::Allocator;
use core::default_allocator::DefaultAllocator;

macro_rules! slice_storage_impl(
    ($doc: expr; $Storage: ident as $SRef: ty; $T: ident.$get_addr: ident ($Ptr: ty as $Ref: ty)) => {
        #[doc = $doc]
        #[derive(Debug)]
        pub struct $T<'a, N: Scalar, R: Dim, C: Dim, RStride: Dim, CStride: Dim> {
            ptr:       $Ptr,
            shape:     (R, C),
            strides:   (RStride, CStride),
            _phantoms: PhantomData<$Ref>,
        }

        impl<'a, N: Scalar, R: Dim, C: Dim, RStride: Dim, CStride: Dim> $T<'a, N, R, C, RStride, CStride> {
            /// Create a new matrix slice without bound checking and from a raw pointer.
            #[inline]
            pub unsafe fn from_raw_parts(ptr:     $Ptr,
                                         shape:   (R, C),
                                         strides: (RStride, CStride))
                                        -> Self
                where RStride: Dim,
                      CStride: Dim {

                $T {
                    ptr:       ptr,
                    shape:     shape,
                    strides:   strides,
                    _phantoms: PhantomData
                }
            }
        }

        // Dynamic is arbitrary. It's just to be able to call the constructors with `Slice::`
        impl<'a, N: Scalar, R: Dim, C: Dim> $T<'a, N, R, C, Dynamic, Dynamic> {
            /// Create a new matrix slice without bound checking.
            #[inline]
            pub unsafe fn new_unchecked<RStor, CStor, S>(storage: $SRef, start: (usize, usize), shape: (R, C))
                -> $T<'a, N, R, C, S::RStride, S::CStride>
                where RStor: Dim,
                      CStor: Dim,
                      S:     $Storage<N, RStor, CStor> {

                let strides = storage.strides();
                $T::new_with_strides_unchecked(storage, start, shape, strides)
            }

            /// Create a new matrix slice without bound checking.
            #[inline]
            pub unsafe fn new_with_strides_unchecked<S, RStor, CStor, RStride, CStride>(storage: $SRef,
                                                                                        start:   (usize, usize),
                                                                                        shape:   (R, C),
                                                                                        strides: (RStride, CStride))
                -> $T<'a, N, R, C, RStride, CStride>
                where RStor: Dim,
                      CStor: Dim,
                      S: $Storage<N, RStor, CStor>,
                      RStride: Dim,
                      CStride: Dim {

                $T::from_raw_parts(storage.$get_addr(start.0, start.1), shape, strides)
            }
        }
    }
);

slice_storage_impl!("A matrix data storage for a matrix slice. Only contains an internal reference \
                     to another matrix data storage.";
    Storage as &'a S; SliceStorage.get_address_unchecked(*const N as &'a N));

slice_storage_impl!("A mutable matrix data storage for mutable matrix slice. Only contains an \
                     internal mutable reference to another matrix data storage.";
    StorageMut as &'a mut S; SliceStorageMut.get_address_unchecked_mut(*mut N as &'a mut N)
);


impl<'a, N: Scalar, R: Dim, C: Dim, RStride: Dim, CStride: Dim> Copy
for SliceStorage<'a, N, R, C, RStride, CStride> { }

impl<'a, N: Scalar, R: Dim, C: Dim, RStride: Dim, CStride: Dim> Clone
for SliceStorage<'a, N, R, C, RStride, CStride> {
    #[inline]
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        SliceStorage {
            ptr:       self.ptr,
            shape:     self.shape,
            strides:   self.strides,
            _phantoms: PhantomData,
        }
    }
}

macro_rules! storage_impl(
    ($($T: ident),* $(,)*) => {$(
        unsafe impl<'a, N: Scalar, R: Dim, C: Dim, RStride: Dim, CStride: Dim> Storage<N, R, C>
            for $T<'a, N, R, C, RStride, CStride> {

            type RStride = RStride;
            type CStride = CStride;

            #[inline]
            fn ptr(&self) -> *const N {
                self.ptr
            }

            #[inline]
            fn shape(&self) -> (R, C) {
                self.shape
            }

            #[inline]
            fn strides(&self) -> (Self::RStride, Self::CStride) {
                self.strides
            }

            #[inline]
            fn is_contiguous(&self) -> bool {
                // Common cases that can be deduced at compile-time even if one of the dimensions
                // is Dynamic.
                if (RStride::is::<U1>() && C::is::<U1>()) || // Column vector.
                   (CStride::is::<U1>() && R::is::<U1>()) {  // Row vector.
                    true
                }
                else {
                    let (nrows, _)     = self.shape();
                    let (srows, scols) = self.strides();

                    srows.value() == 1 && scols.value() == nrows.value()
                }
            }



            #[inline]
            fn into_owned(self) -> Owned<N, R, C>
                where DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N, R, C> {
                self.clone_owned()
            }

            #[inline]
            fn clone_owned(&self) -> Owned<N, R, C>
                where DefaultAllocator: Allocator<N, R, C> {
                let (nrows, ncols) = self.shape();
                let it = MatrixIter::new(self).cloned();
                DefaultAllocator::allocate_from_iterator(nrows, ncols, it)
            }

            #[inline]
            fn as_slice(&self) -> &[N] {
                let (nrows, ncols) = self.shape();
                if nrows.value() != 0 && ncols.value() != 0 {
                    let sz = self.linear_index(nrows.value() - 1, ncols.value() - 1);
                    unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(self.ptr, sz + 1) }
                }
                else {
                    unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(self.ptr, 0) }
                }
            }
        }
    )*}
);

storage_impl!(SliceStorage, SliceStorageMut);

unsafe impl<'a, N: Scalar, R: Dim, C: Dim, RStride: Dim, CStride: Dim> StorageMut<N, R, C>
    for SliceStorageMut<'a, N, R, C, RStride, CStride> {
    #[inline]
    fn ptr_mut(&mut self) -> *mut N {
        self.ptr
    }

    #[inline]
    fn as_mut_slice(&mut self) -> &mut [N] {
        let (nrows, ncols) = self.shape();
        if nrows.value() != 0 && ncols.value() != 0 {
            let sz = self.linear_index(nrows.value() - 1, ncols.value() - 1);
            unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.ptr, sz + 1) }
        }
        else {
            unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.ptr, 0) }
        }
    }
}


impl<N: Scalar, R: Dim, C: Dim, S: Storage<N, R, C>> Matrix<N, R, C, S> {
    #[inline]
    fn assert_slice_index(&self, start: (usize, usize), shape: (usize, usize), steps: (usize, usize)) {
        let my_shape = self.shape();
        // NOTE: we don't do any subtraction to avoid underflow for zero-sized matrices.
        //
        // Terms that would have been negative are moved to the other side of the inequality
        // instead.
        assert!(start.0 + (steps.0 + 1) * shape.0 <= my_shape.0 + steps.0, "Matrix slicing out of bounds.");
        assert!(start.1 + (steps.1 + 1) * shape.1 <= my_shape.1 + steps.1, "Matrix slicing out of bounds.");
    }
}


macro_rules! matrix_slice_impl(
    ($me: ident: $Me: ty, $MatrixSlice: ident, $SliceStorage: ident, $Storage: ident.$get_addr: ident (), $data: expr;
     $row: ident,
     $row_part: ident,
     $rows: ident,
     $rows_with_step: ident,
     $fixed_rows: ident,
     $fixed_rows_with_step: ident,
     $rows_generic: ident,
     $rows_generic_with_step: ident,
     $column: ident,
     $column_part: ident,
     $columns: ident,
     $columns_with_step: ident,
     $fixed_columns: ident,
     $fixed_columns_with_step: ident,
     $columns_generic: ident,
     $columns_generic_with_step: ident,
     $slice: ident,
     $slice_with_steps: ident,
     $fixed_slice: ident,
     $fixed_slice_with_steps: ident,
     $generic_slice: ident,
     $generic_slice_with_steps: ident,
     $rows_range_pair: ident,
     $columns_range_pair: ident) => {
        /// A matrix slice.
        pub type $MatrixSlice<'a, N, R, C, RStride, CStride>
        = Matrix<N, R, C, $SliceStorage<'a, N, R, C, RStride, CStride>>;

        impl<N: Scalar, R: Dim, C: Dim, S: $Storage<N, R, C>> Matrix<N, R, C, S> {
            /*
             *
             * Row slicing.
             *
             */
            /// Returns a slice containing the i-th row of this matrix.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $row($me: $Me, i: usize) -> $MatrixSlice<N, U1, C, S::RStride, S::CStride> {
                $me.$fixed_rows::<U1>(i)
            }

            /// Returns a slice containing the `n` first elements of the i-th row of this matrix.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $row_part($me: $Me, i: usize, n: usize) -> $MatrixSlice<N, U1, Dynamic, S::RStride, S::CStride> {
                $me.$generic_slice((i, 0), (U1, Dynamic::new(n)))
            }

            /// Extracts from this matrix a set of consecutive rows.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $rows($me: $Me, first_row: usize, nrows: usize)
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, Dynamic, C, S::RStride, S::CStride> {

                $me.$rows_generic(first_row, Dynamic::new(nrows))
            }

            /// Extracts from this matrix a set of consecutive rows regularly skipping `step` rows.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $rows_with_step($me: $Me, first_row: usize, nrows: usize, step: usize)
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, Dynamic, C, Dynamic, S::CStride> {

                $me.$rows_generic_with_step(first_row, Dynamic::new(nrows), step)
            }

            /// Extracts a compile-time number of consecutive rows from this matrix.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $fixed_rows<RSlice: DimName>($me: $Me, first_row: usize)
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, RSlice, C, S::RStride, S::CStride> {

                $me.$rows_generic(first_row, RSlice::name())
            }

            /// Extracts from this matrix a compile-time number of rows regularly skipping `step`
            /// rows.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $fixed_rows_with_step<RSlice: DimName>($me: $Me, first_row: usize, step: usize)
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, RSlice, C, Dynamic, S::CStride> {

                $me.$rows_generic_with_step(first_row, RSlice::name(), step)
            }

            /// Extracts from this matrix `nrows` rows regularly skipping `step` rows. Both
            /// argument may or may not be values known at compile-time.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $rows_generic<RSlice: Dim>($me: $Me, row_start: usize, nrows: RSlice)
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, RSlice, C, S::RStride, S::CStride> {

                let my_shape   = $me.data.shape();
                $me.assert_slice_index((row_start, 0), (nrows.value(), my_shape.1.value()), (0, 0));

                let shape = (nrows, my_shape.1);

                unsafe {
                    let data = $SliceStorage::new_unchecked($data, (row_start, 0), shape);
                    Matrix::from_data_statically_unchecked(data)
                }
            }

            /// Extracts from this matrix `nrows` rows regularly skipping `step` rows. Both
            /// argument may or may not be values known at compile-time.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $rows_generic_with_step<RSlice>($me: $Me, row_start: usize, nrows: RSlice, step: usize)
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, RSlice, C, Dynamic, S::CStride>
                where RSlice: Dim {

                let my_shape   = $me.data.shape();
                let my_strides = $me.data.strides();
                $me.assert_slice_index((row_start, 0), (nrows.value(), my_shape.1.value()), (step, 0));

                let strides = (Dynamic::new((step + 1) * my_strides.0.value()), my_strides.1);
                let shape   = (nrows, my_shape.1);

                unsafe {
                    let data = $SliceStorage::new_with_strides_unchecked($data, (row_start, 0), shape, strides);
                    Matrix::from_data_statically_unchecked(data)
                }
            }

            /*
             *
             * Column slicing.
             *
             */
            /// Returns a slice containing the i-th column of this matrix.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $column($me: $Me, i: usize) -> $MatrixSlice<N, R, U1, S::RStride, S::CStride> {
                $me.$fixed_columns::<U1>(i)
            }

            /// Returns a slice containing the `n` first elements of the i-th column of this matrix.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $column_part($me: $Me, i: usize, n: usize) -> $MatrixSlice<N, Dynamic, U1, S::RStride, S::CStride> {
                $me.$generic_slice((0, i), (Dynamic::new(n), U1))
            }

            /// Extracts from this matrix a set of consecutive columns.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $columns($me: $Me, first_col: usize, ncols: usize)
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, R, Dynamic, S::RStride, S::CStride> {

                $me.$columns_generic(first_col, Dynamic::new(ncols))
            }

            /// Extracts from this matrix a set of consecutive columns regularly skipping `step`
            /// columns.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $columns_with_step($me: $Me, first_col: usize, ncols: usize, step: usize)
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, R, Dynamic, S::RStride, Dynamic> {

                $me.$columns_generic_with_step(first_col, Dynamic::new(ncols), step)
            }

            /// Extracts a compile-time number of consecutive columns from this matrix.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $fixed_columns<CSlice: DimName>($me: $Me, first_col: usize)
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, R, CSlice, S::RStride, S::CStride> {

                $me.$columns_generic(first_col, CSlice::name())
            }

            /// Extracts from this matrix a compile-time number of columns regularly skipping
            /// `step` columns.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $fixed_columns_with_step<CSlice: DimName>($me: $Me, first_col: usize, step: usize)
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, R, CSlice, S::RStride, Dynamic> {

                $me.$columns_generic_with_step(first_col, CSlice::name(), step)
            }

            /// Extracts from this matrix `ncols` columns. The number of columns may or may not be
            /// known at compile-time.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $columns_generic<CSlice: Dim>($me: $Me, first_col: usize, ncols: CSlice)
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, R, CSlice, S::RStride, S::CStride> {

                let my_shape = $me.data.shape();
                $me.assert_slice_index((0, first_col), (my_shape.0.value(), ncols.value()), (0, 0));
                let shape = (my_shape.0, ncols);

                unsafe {
                    let data = $SliceStorage::new_unchecked($data, (0, first_col), shape);
                    Matrix::from_data_statically_unchecked(data)
                }
            }


            /// Extracts from this matrix `ncols` columns skipping `step` columns. Both argument may
            /// or may not be values known at compile-time.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $columns_generic_with_step<CSlice: Dim>($me: $Me, first_col: usize, ncols: CSlice, step: usize)
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, R, CSlice, S::RStride, Dynamic> {

                let my_shape   = $me.data.shape();
                let my_strides = $me.data.strides();

                $me.assert_slice_index((0, first_col), (my_shape.0.value(), ncols.value()), (0, step));

                let strides = (my_strides.0, Dynamic::new((step + 1) * my_strides.1.value()));
                let shape   = (my_shape.0, ncols);

                unsafe {
                    let data = $SliceStorage::new_with_strides_unchecked($data, (0, first_col), shape, strides);
                    Matrix::from_data_statically_unchecked(data)
                }
            }

            /*
             *
             * General slicing.
             *
             */
            /// Slices this matrix starting at its component `(irow, icol)` and with `(nrows, ncols)`
            /// consecutive elements.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $slice($me: $Me, start: (usize, usize), shape: (usize, usize))
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, Dynamic, Dynamic, S::RStride, S::CStride> {

                $me.assert_slice_index(start, shape, (0, 0));
                let shape = (Dynamic::new(shape.0), Dynamic::new(shape.1));

                unsafe {
                    let data = $SliceStorage::new_unchecked($data, start, shape);
                    Matrix::from_data_statically_unchecked(data)
                }
            }


            /// Slices this matrix starting at its component `(start.0, start.1)` and with
            /// `(shape.0, shape.1)` components. Each row (resp. column) of the sliced matrix is
            /// separated by `steps.0` (resp. `steps.1`) ignored rows (resp. columns) of the
            /// original matrix.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $slice_with_steps($me: $Me, start: (usize, usize), shape: (usize, usize), steps: (usize, usize))
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, Dynamic, Dynamic, Dynamic, Dynamic> {
                let shape = (Dynamic::new(shape.0), Dynamic::new(shape.1));

                $me.$generic_slice_with_steps(start, shape, steps)
            }

            /// Slices this matrix starting at its component `(irow, icol)` and with `(R::dim(),
            /// CSlice::dim())` consecutive components.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $fixed_slice<RSlice, CSlice>($me: $Me, irow: usize, icol: usize)
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, RSlice, CSlice, S::RStride, S::CStride>
                where RSlice: DimName,
                      CSlice: DimName {

                $me.assert_slice_index((irow, icol), (RSlice::dim(), CSlice::dim()), (0, 0));
                let shape = (RSlice::name(), CSlice::name());

                unsafe {
                    let data = $SliceStorage::new_unchecked($data, (irow, icol), shape);
                    Matrix::from_data_statically_unchecked(data)
                }
            }

            /// Slices this matrix starting at its component `(start.0, start.1)` and with
            /// `(R::dim(), CSlice::dim())` components. Each row (resp. column) of the sliced
            /// matrix is separated by `steps.0` (resp. `steps.1`) ignored rows (resp. columns) of
            /// the original matrix.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $fixed_slice_with_steps<RSlice, CSlice>($me: $Me, start: (usize, usize), steps: (usize, usize))
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, RSlice, CSlice, Dynamic, Dynamic>
                where RSlice: DimName,
                      CSlice: DimName {
                let shape = (RSlice::name(), CSlice::name());
                $me.$generic_slice_with_steps(start, shape, steps)
            }

            /// Creates a slice that may or may not have a fixed size and stride.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $generic_slice<RSlice, CSlice>($me: $Me, start: (usize, usize), shape: (RSlice, CSlice))
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, RSlice, CSlice, S::RStride, S::CStride>
                where RSlice: Dim,
                      CSlice: Dim {

                $me.assert_slice_index(start, (shape.0.value(), shape.1.value()), (0, 0));

                unsafe {
                    let data = $SliceStorage::new_unchecked($data, start, shape);
                    Matrix::from_data_statically_unchecked(data)
                }
            }

            /// Creates a slice that may or may not have a fixed size and stride.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $generic_slice_with_steps<RSlice, CSlice>($me: $Me,
                                                             start: (usize, usize),
                                                             shape: (RSlice, CSlice),
                                                             steps: (usize, usize))
                -> $MatrixSlice<N, RSlice, CSlice, Dynamic, Dynamic>
                where RSlice: Dim,
                      CSlice: Dim {

                $me.assert_slice_index(start, (shape.0.value(), shape.1.value()), steps);

                let my_strides = $me.data.strides();
                let strides    = (Dynamic::new((steps.0 + 1) * my_strides.0.value()),
                                  Dynamic::new((steps.1 + 1) * my_strides.1.value()));

                unsafe {
                    let data = $SliceStorage::new_with_strides_unchecked($data, start, shape, strides);
                    Matrix::from_data_statically_unchecked(data)
                }
            }

            /*
             *
             * Splitting.
             *
             */
            /// Splits this NxM matrix into two parts delimited by two ranges.
            ///
            /// Panics if the ranges overlap or if the first range is empty.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $rows_range_pair<Range1: SliceRange<R>, Range2: SliceRange<R>>($me: $Me, r1: Range1, r2: Range2)
                -> ($MatrixSlice<N, Range1::Size, C, S::RStride, S::CStride>,
                    $MatrixSlice<N, Range2::Size, C, S::RStride, S::CStride>) {

                let (nrows, ncols) = $me.data.shape();
                let strides        = $me.data.strides();

                let start1 = r1.begin(nrows);
                let start2 = r2.begin(nrows);

                let end1 = r1.end(nrows);
                let end2 = r2.end(nrows);

                let nrows1 = r1.size(nrows);
                let nrows2 = r2.size(nrows);

                assert!(start2 >= end1 || start1 >= end2, "Rows range pair: the slice ranges must not overlap.");
                assert!(end2 <= nrows.value(), "Rows range pair: index out of range.");

                unsafe {
                    let ptr1 = $data.$get_addr(start1, 0);
                    let ptr2 = $data.$get_addr(start2, 0);

                    let data1  = $SliceStorage::from_raw_parts(ptr1, (nrows1, ncols), strides);
                    let data2  = $SliceStorage::from_raw_parts(ptr2, (nrows2, ncols), strides);
                    let slice1 = Matrix::from_data_statically_unchecked(data1);
                    let slice2 = Matrix::from_data_statically_unchecked(data2);

                    (slice1, slice2)
                }
            }

            /// Splits this NxM matrix into two parts delimited by two ranges.
            ///
            /// Panics if the ranges overlap or if the first range is empty.
            #[inline]
            pub fn $columns_range_pair<Range1: SliceRange<C>, Range2: SliceRange<C>>($me: $Me, r1: Range1, r2: Range2)
                -> ($MatrixSlice<N, R, Range1::Size, S::RStride, S::CStride>,
                    $MatrixSlice<N, R, Range2::Size, S::RStride, S::CStride>) {

                let (nrows, ncols) = $me.data.shape();
                let strides        = $me.data.strides();

                let start1 = r1.begin(ncols);
                let start2 = r2.begin(ncols);

                let end1 = r1.end(ncols);
                let end2 = r2.end(ncols);

                let ncols1 = r1.size(ncols);
                let ncols2 = r2.size(ncols);

                assert!(start2 >= end1 || start1 >= end2, "Columns range pair: the slice ranges must not overlap.");
                assert!(end2 <= ncols.value(), "Columns range pair: index out of range.");

                unsafe {
                    let ptr1 = $data.$get_addr(0, start1);
                    let ptr2 = $data.$get_addr(0, start2);

                    let data1  = $SliceStorage::from_raw_parts(ptr1, (nrows, ncols1), strides);
                    let data2  = $SliceStorage::from_raw_parts(ptr2, (nrows, ncols2), strides);
                    let slice1 = Matrix::from_data_statically_unchecked(data1);
                    let slice2 = Matrix::from_data_statically_unchecked(data2);

                    (slice1, slice2)
                }
            }
        }
    }
);

matrix_slice_impl!(
     self: &Self, MatrixSlice, SliceStorage, Storage.get_address_unchecked(), &self.data;
     row,
     row_part,
     rows,
     rows_with_step,
     fixed_rows,
     fixed_rows_with_step,
     rows_generic,
     rows_generic_with_step,
     column,
     column_part,
     columns,
     columns_with_step,
     fixed_columns,
     fixed_columns_with_step,
     columns_generic,
     columns_generic_with_step,
     slice,
     slice_with_steps,
     fixed_slice,
     fixed_slice_with_steps,
     generic_slice,
     generic_slice_with_steps,
     rows_range_pair,
     columns_range_pair);


matrix_slice_impl!(
     self: &mut Self, MatrixSliceMut, SliceStorageMut, StorageMut.get_address_unchecked_mut(), &mut self.data;
     row_mut,
     row_part_mut,
     rows_mut,
     rows_with_step_mut,
     fixed_rows_mut,
     fixed_rows_with_step_mut,
     rows_generic_mut,
     rows_generic_with_step_mut,
     column_mut,
     column_part_mut,
     columns_mut,
     columns_with_step_mut,
     fixed_columns_mut,
     fixed_columns_with_step_mut,
     columns_generic_mut,
     columns_generic_with_step_mut,
     slice_mut,
     slice_with_steps_mut,
     fixed_slice_mut,
     fixed_slice_with_steps_mut,
     generic_slice_mut,
     generic_slice_with_steps_mut,
     rows_range_pair_mut,
     columns_range_pair_mut);


/// A range with a size that may be known at compile-time.
///
/// This may be:
/// * A single `usize` index, e.g., `4`
/// * A left-open range `std::ops::RangeTo`, e.g., `.. 4`
/// * A right-open range `std::ops::RangeFrom`, e.g., `4 ..`
/// * A full range `std::ops::RangeFull`, e.g., `..`
pub trait SliceRange<D: Dim> {
    /// Type of the range size. May be a type-level integer.
    type Size: Dim;

    /// The start index of the range.
    fn begin(&self, shape: D) -> usize;
    // NOTE: this is the index immediatly after the last index.
    /// The index immediatly after the last index inside of the range.
    fn end(&self, shape: D) -> usize;
    /// The number of elements of the range, i.e., `self.end - self.begin`.
    fn size(&self, shape: D) -> Self::Size;
}

impl<D: Dim> SliceRange<D> for usize {
    type Size = U1;

    #[inline(always)]
    fn begin(&self, _: D) -> usize {
        *self
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    fn end(&self, _: D) -> usize {
        *self + 1
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    fn size(&self, _: D) -> Self::Size {
        U1
    }
}

impl<D: Dim> SliceRange<D> for Range<usize> {
    type Size = Dynamic;

    #[inline(always)]
    fn begin(&self, _: D) -> usize {
        self.start
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    fn end(&self, _: D) -> usize {
        self.end
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    fn size(&self, _: D) -> Self::Size {
        Dynamic::new(self.end - self.start)
    }
}

impl<D: Dim> SliceRange<D> for RangeFrom<usize> {
    type Size = Dynamic;

    #[inline(always)]
    fn begin(&self, _: D) -> usize {
        self.start
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    fn end(&self, dim: D) -> usize {
        dim.value()
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    fn size(&self, dim: D) -> Self::Size {
        Dynamic::new(dim.value() - self.start)
    }
}

impl<D: Dim> SliceRange<D> for RangeTo<usize> {
    type Size = Dynamic;

    #[inline(always)]
    fn begin(&self, _: D) -> usize {
        0
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    fn end(&self, _: D) -> usize {
        self.end
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    fn size(&self, _: D) -> Self::Size {
        Dynamic::new(self.end)
    }
}

impl<D: Dim> SliceRange<D> for RangeFull {
    type Size = D;

    #[inline(always)]
    fn begin(&self, _: D) -> usize {
        0
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    fn end(&self, dim: D) -> usize {
        dim.value()
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    fn size(&self, dim: D) -> Self::Size {
        dim
    }
}


impl<N: Scalar, R: Dim, C: Dim, S: Storage<N, R, C>> Matrix<N, R, C, S> {
    /// Slices a sub-matrix containing the rows indexed by the range `rows` and the columns indexed
    /// by the range `cols`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn slice_range<RowRange, ColRange>(&self, rows: RowRange, cols: ColRange)
        -> MatrixSlice<N, RowRange::Size, ColRange::Size, S::RStride, S::CStride>
        where RowRange: SliceRange<R>,
              ColRange: SliceRange<C> {

        let (nrows, ncols) = self.data.shape();
        self.generic_slice((rows.begin(nrows), cols.begin(ncols)),
                           (rows.size(nrows), cols.size(ncols)))
    }

    /// Slice containing all the rows indexed by the range `rows`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn rows_range<RowRange: SliceRange<R>>(&self, rows: RowRange)
        -> MatrixSlice<N, RowRange::Size, C, S::RStride, S::CStride> {

        self.slice_range(rows, ..)
    }

    /// Slice containing all the columns indexed by the range `rows`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn columns_range<ColRange: SliceRange<C>>(&self, cols: ColRange)
        -> MatrixSlice<N, R, ColRange::Size, S::RStride, S::CStride> {

        self.slice_range(.., cols)
    }
}

impl<N: Scalar, R: Dim, C: Dim, S: StorageMut<N, R, C>> Matrix<N, R, C, S> {
    /// Slices a mutable sub-matrix containing the rows indexed by the range `rows` and the columns
    /// indexed by the range `cols`.
    pub fn slice_range_mut<RowRange, ColRange>(&mut self, rows: RowRange, cols: ColRange)
        -> MatrixSliceMut<N, RowRange::Size, ColRange::Size, S::RStride, S::CStride>
        where RowRange: SliceRange<R>,
              ColRange: SliceRange<C> {

        let (nrows, ncols) = self.data.shape();
        self.generic_slice_mut((rows.begin(nrows), cols.begin(ncols)),
                               (rows.size(nrows), cols.size(ncols)))
    }

    /// Slice containing all the rows indexed by the range `rows`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn rows_range_mut<RowRange: SliceRange<R>>(&mut self, rows: RowRange)
        -> MatrixSliceMut<N, RowRange::Size, C, S::RStride, S::CStride> {

        self.slice_range_mut(rows, ..)
    }

    /// Slice containing all the columns indexed by the range `cols`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn columns_range_mut<ColRange: SliceRange<C>>(&mut self, cols: ColRange)
        -> MatrixSliceMut<N, R, ColRange::Size, S::RStride, S::CStride> {

        self.slice_range_mut(.., cols)
    }
}