firmware: implement DDMTD-based SYSREF/RTIO alignment (draft)

Mostly works and usually gets the DAC synchronized at 2.4GHz with Urukul across DRTIO.

Needs cleanup and optimization/characterization.

artiq/firmware/libboard_artiq/jesd204sync.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,67 @@ use board_misoc::{csr, clock, config};
 use hmc830_7043::hmc7043;
 use ad9154;
 
+fn average_2phases(a: i32, b:i32, modulo: i32) -> i32 {
+    let diff = ((a - b + modulo/2 + modulo) % modulo) - modulo/2;
+    return (modulo + b + diff/2) % modulo;
+}
+
+fn average_phases(phases: &[i32], modulo: i32) -> i32 {
+    if phases.len() == 1 {
+        panic!("input array length must be a power of 2");
+    } else if phases.len() == 2 {
+        average_2phases(phases[0], phases[1], modulo)
+    } else {
+        let cut = phases.len()/2;
+        average_2phases(
+            average_phases(&phases[..cut], modulo),
+            average_phases(&phases[cut..], modulo),
+            modulo)
+    }
+}
+
+const DDMTD_N_SHIFT: i32 = 6;
+const DDMTD_N: i32 = 1 << DDMTD_N_SHIFT;
+
+const SYSREF_SH_PRECISION_SHIFT: i32 = 5;
+const SYSREF_SH_PRECISION: i32 = 1 << SYSREF_SH_PRECISION_SHIFT;
+const SYSREF_SH_MOD: i32 = 1 << (DDMTD_N_SHIFT + SYSREF_SH_PRECISION_SHIFT);
+
+
+fn measure_ddmdt_phase_raw() -> i32 {
+    unsafe { csr::sysref_ddmtd::dt_read() as i32 }
+}
+
+fn measure_ddmdt_phase() -> i32 {
+    let mut measurements = [0; SYSREF_SH_PRECISION as usize];
+    for i in 0..SYSREF_SH_PRECISION {
+        measurements[i as usize] = measure_ddmdt_phase_raw() << SYSREF_SH_PRECISION_SHIFT;
+        clock::spin_us(10);
+    }
+    average_phases(&measurements, SYSREF_SH_MOD) >> SYSREF_SH_PRECISION_SHIFT
+}
+
+fn test_slip_ddmtd() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+    // expected_step = (RTIO clock frequency)*(DDMTD N)/(HMC7043 CLKIN frequency)
+    let expected_step = 4;
+    let tolerance = 1;
+
+    info!("testing HMC7043 SYSREF slip against DDMTD...");
+    let mut old_phase = measure_ddmdt_phase();
+    for _ in 0..1024 {
+        hmc7043::sysref_slip();
+        let phase = measure_ddmdt_phase();
+        let step = (DDMTD_N + old_phase - phase) % DDMTD_N;
+        if (step - expected_step).abs() > tolerance {
+            error!("  ...got unexpected step: {}", step);
+            return Err("HMC7043 SYSREF slip produced unexpected DDMTD step");
+        }
+        old_phase = phase;
+    }
+    info!("  ...passed");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 fn sysref_sh_error() -> bool {
     unsafe {
         csr::sysref_sampler::sh_error_reset_write(1);
@@ -13,13 +74,150 @@ fn sysref_sh_error() -> bool {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn sysref_auto_rtio_align() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-    for _ in 0..256 {
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct SysrefShLimits {
+    rising_phases: [i32; SYSREF_SH_PRECISION as usize],
+    falling_phases: [i32; SYSREF_SH_PRECISION as usize],
+}
+
+fn measure_sysref_sh_limits() -> Result<SysrefShLimits, &'static str> {
+    let mut ret = SysrefShLimits::default();
+    let mut nslips = 0;
+    let mut rising_n = 0;
+    let mut falling_n = 0;
+
+    let mut previous = sysref_sh_error();
+    while rising_n < SYSREF_SH_PRECISION || falling_n < SYSREF_SH_PRECISION {
         hmc7043::sysref_slip();
-        let dt = unsafe { csr::sysref_ddmtd::dt_read() };
-        let sh_error = sysref_sh_error();
-        info!("dt={} sysref_sh_error={}", dt, sh_error);
+        nslips += 1;
+        if nslips > 1024 {
+            return Err("too many slips and not enough SYSREF S/H error transitions");
+        }
+
+        let current = sysref_sh_error();
+        let phase = measure_ddmdt_phase();
+        if current && !previous && rising_n < SYSREF_SH_PRECISION {
+            ret.rising_phases[rising_n as usize] = phase << SYSREF_SH_PRECISION_SHIFT;
+            rising_n += 1;
+        }
+        if !current && previous && falling_n < SYSREF_SH_PRECISION {
+            ret.falling_phases[falling_n as usize] = phase << SYSREF_SH_PRECISION_SHIFT;
+            falling_n += 1;
+        }
+        previous = current;
     }
+    Ok(ret)
+}
+
+fn max_phase_deviation(average: i32, phases: &[i32]) -> i32 {
+    let mut ret = 0;
+    for phase in phases.iter() {
+        let deviation = (phase - average).abs();
+        if deviation > ret {
+            ret = deviation;
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+fn reach_sysref_ddmtd_target(target: i32, tolerance: i32) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+    let mut phase = measure_ddmdt_phase();
+    let mut nslips = 0;
+    while (phase - target).abs() > tolerance {
+        hmc7043::sysref_slip();
+        nslips += 1;
+        if nslips > 1024 {
+            return Err("failed to reach SYSREF DDMTD phase target");
+        }
+        phase = measure_ddmdt_phase();
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn calibrate_sysref_target(rising_average: i32, falling_average: i32) -> Result<i32, &'static str> {
+    let coarse_target = (falling_average - 16 + DDMTD_N) % DDMTD_N;  // HACK
+    info!("SYSREF calibration coarse target: {}", coarse_target);
+    reach_sysref_ddmtd_target(coarse_target, 2)?;
+    let target = measure_ddmdt_phase();
+    info!("SYSREF calibrated target: {}", target);
+    Ok(target)
+}
+
+fn sysref_get_sample() -> Result<bool, &'static str> {
+    if sysref_sh_error() {
+        return Err("SYSREF failed S/H timing");
+    }
+    let ret = unsafe { csr::sysref_sampler::sample_result_read() } != 0;
+    Ok(ret)
+}
+
+fn sysref_slip_rtio_cycle()  {
+    for _ in 0..hmc7043::FPGA_CLK_DIV {
+        hmc7043::sysref_slip();
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn sysref_rtio_align() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+    let mut previous_sample = sysref_get_sample()?;
+    let mut nslips = 0;
+    loop {
+        sysref_slip_rtio_cycle();
+        let sample = sysref_get_sample()?;
+        if sample && !previous_sample {
+            info!("SYSREF aligned with RTIO TSC");
+            return Ok(())
+        }
+        previous_sample = sample;
+
+        nslips += 1;
+        if nslips > hmc7043::SYSREF_DIV/hmc7043::FPGA_CLK_DIV {
+            return Err("failed to find SYSREF transition aligned with RTIO TSC");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn sysref_auto_rtio_align() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+    test_slip_ddmtd()?;
+
+    let sysref_sh_limits = measure_sysref_sh_limits()?;
+    let rising_average = average_phases(&sysref_sh_limits.rising_phases, SYSREF_SH_MOD);
+    let falling_average = average_phases(&sysref_sh_limits.falling_phases, SYSREF_SH_MOD);
+    let rising_max_deviation = max_phase_deviation(rising_average, &sysref_sh_limits.rising_phases);
+    let falling_max_deviation = max_phase_deviation(falling_average, &sysref_sh_limits.falling_phases);
+
+    let rising_average = rising_average >> SYSREF_SH_PRECISION_SHIFT;
+    let falling_average = falling_average >> SYSREF_SH_PRECISION_SHIFT;
+    let rising_max_deviation = rising_max_deviation >> SYSREF_SH_PRECISION_SHIFT;
+    let falling_max_deviation = falling_max_deviation >> SYSREF_SH_PRECISION_SHIFT;
+
+    info!("SYSREF S/H average limits (DDMTD phases): {} {}", rising_average, falling_average);
+    info!("SYSREF S/H maximum limit deviation: {} {}", rising_max_deviation, falling_max_deviation);
+    if rising_max_deviation > 4 || falling_max_deviation > 4 {
+        return Err("excessive SYSREF S/H limit deviation");
+    }
+
+    let entry = config::read_str("sysref_ddmtd_phase_fpga", |r| r.map(|s| s.parse()));
+    let target_phase = match entry {
+        Ok(Ok(phase)) => {
+            info!("using FPGA SYSREF DDMTD phase target from config: {}", phase);
+            phase
+        }
+        _ => {
+            let phase = calibrate_sysref_target(rising_average, falling_average)?;
+            if let Err(e) = config::write_int("sysref_ddmtd_phase_fpga", phase as u32) {
+                error!("failed to update FPGA SYSREF DDMTD phase target in config: {}", e);
+            }
+            phase
+        }
+    };
+
+    reach_sysref_ddmtd_target(target_phase, 1)?;
+    if sysref_sh_error() {
+        return Err("SYSREF does not meet S/H timing at DDMTD phase target");
+    }
+
+    sysref_rtio_align()?;
+
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -120,12 +318,15 @@ pub fn sysref_auto_dac_align() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
     // We assume that DAC SYSREF traces are length-matched so only one phase
     // value is needed, and we use DAC-0 as calibration reference.
 
-    let entry = config::read_str("sysref_phase_dac", |r| r.map(|s| s.parse()));
+    let entry = config::read_str("sysref_7043_phase_dac", |r| r.map(|s| s.parse()));
     let phase = match entry {
-        Ok(Ok(phase)) => phase,
+        Ok(Ok(phase)) => {
+            info!("using DAC SYSREF phase from config: {}", phase);
+            phase
+        },
         _ => {
             let phase = sysref_cal_dac(0)?;
-            if let Err(e) = config::write_int("sysref_phase_dac", phase as u32) {
+            if let Err(e) = config::write_int("sysref_7043_phase_dac", phase as u32) {
                 error!("failed to update DAC SYSREF phase in config: {}", e);
             }
             phase