Merge branch 'master' of github.com:m-labs/ARTIQ

doc/slides/taaccs.tex

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+\documentclass[final,presentation,compress]{beamer}
+\usepackage[mathcal]{euler}
+\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb, amsopn} %amssymb,amstext
+\usepackage[cm-default]{fontspec}
+\usepackage{xltxtra}
+\usepackage[english]{babel}
+\usepackage{multicol}
+\usepackage{multimedia}
+\usepackage{tikz}
+\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes,snakes,positioning,backgrounds,decorations,graphs}
+\definecolor{ethblue}{rgb}{0, 0.2, 0.3568} 
+\usepackage{minted}
+
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+  \useoutertheme{default} % simplistic
+  \setbeamertemplate{headline}[default] % kill the headline
+  \setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{} % no navigaton stuff in lr corner
+  \useinnertheme{circles}
+  \setbeamercolor*{palette primary}{use=structure,fg=white,bg=ethblue!70}
+  \setbeamercolor*{palette secondary}{use=structure,fg=white,bg=ethblue!80}
+  \setbeamercolor*{palette tertiary}{use=structure,fg=white,bg=ethblue!90}
+  \setbeamercolor*{palette quaternary}{use=structure,fg=white,bg=ethblue!100}
+  \setbeamercolor*{structure}{fg=ethblue!70}
+  \hypersetup{
+  }
+  \setbeamercovered{invisible}
+}
+
+\graphicspath{{fig//}}
+
+\title{Real-time experiment control for quantum physics}
+\author[Robert~Jördens]{{\bf Robert~Jördens}}
+\institute[]{
+  Ion Storage Group, Time and Frequency, NIST, Boulder, CO \\
+  \url{rjordens@nist.gov}%
+}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}[plain]
+  \titlepage
+\tikz[overlay,remember picture]\node[anchor=south,above=-.5cm] at (current page.south)
+    {\includegraphics[width=\paperwidth]{flatirons_winter_wikipedia}};
+\tikz[overlay,remember picture]\node[anchor=south east, fill=white,
+inner sep=.3mm] at (current page.south east) {%
+\tiny Jesse Varner, AzaToth, CC-BY-SA};
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+  \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{jost_trap-3}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Quantum gate sequences}
+  \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{gate_sequence}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+  \begin{tikzpicture}[box/.style={rectangle,fill=white}]
+    \node[inner sep=0] {\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{lab}};\pause
+    %\draw[help lines,white] (-4, -3) grid (4, 3);
+    \node[box] at (-4, -2) {FPGA};
+    \node[box] at (3.5, 0) {ion trap};
+    \node[box] at (-3, 3) {$\sim$10 attenuators};
+    \node[box] at (2, 2) {$\sim$50 DAC};
+    \node[box] at (-4, 0) {$\sim$20 DDS};
+    \node[box] at (-2, 1) {$\sim$50 GPIO};
+    \node[box] at (.5, 0) {$\sim$10 motors};
+    \node[box] at (2, -2) {$\sim$10 power supplies};
+    \node[box] at (4, -3) {$\sim$10 lasers};
+  \end{tikzpicture}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Physicists are not programmers:}
+  \footnotesize
+  \begin{center}
+    \only<1>{\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{labview}\\
+      LabVIEW: a ``visual programming language'' (a.k.a. ``high viscosity language'')}
+    \only<2>{\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{expwiz_matrix}\\
+      Rigid time-versus-channel matrix: inflexible (loops, conditionals?)}
+    \only<3>{\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{control_buttons}\\
+      Hard-coded components: not generic and opaque implementation}
+  \end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Enter ARTIQ}
+  \alert{A}dvanced \alert{R}eal-\alert{T}ime \alert{I}nfrastructure for \alert{Q}uantum physics
+
+  \footnotesize
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item High performance --- nanosecond resolution, hundreds of ns latency
+    \item Expressive --- describe algorithms with few lines of code
+    \item Portable --- treat hardware, especially FPGA boards, as commodity
+    \item Modular --- separate components as much as possible
+    \item Flexible --- hard-code as little as possible
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{Define a simple timing language}
+  \footnotesize
+
+  \begin{minted}[frame=leftline]{python}
+trigger.sync()                # wait for trigger input
+start = now()                 # capture trigger time
+for i in range(3):
+    delay(5*us)
+    dds.pulse(900*MHz, 7*us)  # first pulse 5 µs after trigger
+at(start + 1*ms)              # re-reference time-line
+dds.pulse(200*MHz, 11*us)     # exactly 1 ms after trigger
+  \end{minted}
+
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Written in a subset of Python
+    \item Executed on a CPU embedded on a FPGA (the \emph{core device})
+    \item \verb!now(), at(), delay()! describe time-line of an experiment
+    \item Exact time is kept in an internal variable
+    \item That variable only loosely tracks the execution time of CPU instructions
+    \item The value of that variable is exchanged with the RTIO fabric that
+      does precise timing
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{Convenient syntax additions}
+  \footnotesize
+  \begin{minted}[frame=leftline]{python}
+with sequential:
+    with parallel:
+        a.pulse(100*MHz, 10*us)
+        b.pulse(200*MHz, 20*us)
+    with parallel:
+        c.pulse(300*MHz, 30*us)
+        d.pulse(400*MHz, 20*us)
+  \end{minted}
+
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Experiments are inherently parallel:
+        simultaneous laser pulses, parallel cooling of ions in different trap zones
+    \item \verb!parallel! and \verb!sequential! contexts with arbitrary nesting
+    \item \verb!a! and \verb!b! pulses both start at the same time
+    \item \verb!c! and \verb!d! pulses both start when \verb!a! and \verb!b! are both done
+      (after 20\,µs)
+    \item Implemented by inlining, loop-unrolling, and interleaving
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{Physical quantities, hardware granularity}
+  \footnotesize
+  \begin{minted}[frame=leftline]{python}
+n = 1000
+dt = 1.2345*ns
+f = 345*MHz
+
+dds.on(f, phase=0)              # must round to integer tuning word
+for i in range(n):
+    delay(dt)                   # must round to native cycles
+
+dt_raw = time_to_cycles(dt)     # integer number of cycles
+f_raw = dds.frequency_to_ftw(f) # integer frequency tuning word
+
+# determine correct phase despite accumulation of rounding errors
+phi = n*cycles_to_time(dt_raw)*dds.ftw_to_frequency(f_raw)
+  \end{minted}
+
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Need well defined conversion and rounding of physical quantities
+      (time, frequency, phase, etc.) to hardware granularity and back
+    \item Complicated because of calibration, offsets, cable delays,
+      non-linearities
+    \item No generic way to do it automatically and correctly
+    \item $\rightarrow$ need to do it explicitly where it matters
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{Invite organizing experiment components and code reuse}
+  \footnotesize
+
+  \begin{minted}[frame=leftline]{python}
+class Experiment:
+    def build(self):
+        self.ion1 = Ion(...)
+        self.ion2 = Ion(...)
+        self.transporter = Transporter(...)
+
+    @kernel
+    def run(self):
+        with parallel:
+          self.ion1.cool(duration=10*us)
+          self.ion2.cool(frequency=...)
+        self.transporter.move(speed=...)
+        delay(100*ms)
+        self.ion1.detect(duration=...)
+  \end{minted}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{RPC to handle distributed non-RT hardware}
+  \footnotesize
+
+  \begin{minted}[frame=leftline]{python}
+class Experiment:
+    def prepare(self):              # runs on the host
+        self.motor.move_to(20*mm)   # slow RS232 motor controller
+
+    @kernel
+    def run(self):                  # runs on the RT core device
+        self.prepare()              # converted into an RPC
+  \end{minted}
+
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item When a kernel function calls a non-kernel function, it generates a RPC
+    \item The callee is executed on the host
+    \item Mechanism to report results and control slow devices
+    \item The kernel must have a loose real-time constraint (a long \verb!delay!)
+        or means of re-synchronization to cover communication, host, and device delays
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+  \frametitle{Kernel deployment to the core device}
+  \footnotesize
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item RPC and exception mappings are generated
+    \item Constants and small kernels are inlined
+    \item Small loops are unrolled
+    \item Statements in parallel blocks are interleaved
+    \item Time is converted to RTIO clock cycles
+    \item The Python AST is converted to LLVM IR
+    \item The LLVM IR is compiled to OpenRISC machine code
+    \item The OpenRISC binary is sent to the core device
+    \item The runtime in the core device links and runs the kernel
+    \item The kernel calls the runtime for communication (RPC) and interfacing
+      with core device peripherals (RTIO, DDS)
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+  \begin{center}
+  \url{https://github.com/m-labs/artiq}
+  \end{center}
+
+  \footnotesize
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Fully open-source, BSD licensed
+    \item Ported and running on two different FPGA boards
+    \item Design applicable beyond ion trapping (superconducting qubits,
+      neutral atoms...)
+    \item Fastest open-source DDR3 SODIMM controller as a sub-project: 64\,Gbps
+    \item Interfacing with lab hardware
+    \item Hardware-in-the-loop unittests
+    \item Self-contained simulator
+    \item Currently $\sim$1\,µs latency and $\sim$1\,MHz event rate
+    \item DMA should improve that dramatically
+  \end{itemize}
+
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
+% vim:ts=2:sw=2:et:ai