use nac3parser::ast::fold::Fold; use std::rc::Rc; use crate::{ codegen::{expr::get_subst_key, stmt::exn_constructor}, symbol_resolver::SymbolValue, typecheck::type_inferencer::{FunctionData, Inferencer}, }; use super::*; pub struct ComposerConfig { pub kernel_ann: Option<&'static str>, pub kernel_invariant_ann: &'static str, } impl Default for ComposerConfig { fn default() -> Self { ComposerConfig { kernel_ann: None, kernel_invariant_ann: "Invariant" } } } type DefAst = (Arc>, Option>); pub struct TopLevelComposer { // list of top level definitions, same as top level context pub definition_ast_list: Vec, // start as a primitive unifier, will add more top_level defs inside pub unifier: Unifier, // primitive store pub primitives_ty: PrimitiveStore, // keyword list to prevent same user-defined name pub keyword_list: HashSet, // to prevent duplicate definition pub defined_names: HashSet, // get the class def id of a class method pub method_class: HashMap, // number of built-in function and classes in the definition list, later skip pub builtin_num: usize, pub core_config: ComposerConfig, } impl Default for TopLevelComposer { fn default() -> Self { Self::new(vec![], Default::default()).0 } } impl TopLevelComposer { /// return a composer and things to make a "primitive" symbol resolver, so that the symbol /// resolver can later figure out primitive type definitions when passed a primitive type name pub fn new( builtins: Vec<(StrRef, FunSignature, Arc)>, core_config: ComposerConfig, ) -> (Self, HashMap, HashMap) { let mut primitives = Self::make_primitives(); let (mut definition_ast_list, builtin_name_list) = builtins::get_builtins(&mut primitives); let primitives_ty = primitives.0; let mut unifier = primitives.1; let mut keyword_list: HashSet = HashSet::from_iter(vec![ "Generic".into(), "virtual".into(), "list".into(), "tuple".into(), "int32".into(), "int64".into(), "uint32".into(), "uint64".into(), "float".into(), "bool".into(), "none".into(), "None".into(), "range".into(), "str".into(), "self".into(), "Kernel".into(), "KernelInvariant".into(), "Some".into(), "Option".into(), ]); let defined_names: HashSet = Default::default(); let method_class: HashMap = Default::default(); let mut builtin_id: HashMap = Default::default(); let mut builtin_ty: HashMap = Default::default(); for (id, name) in builtin_name_list.iter().rev().enumerate() { let name = (**name).into(); let id = definition_ast_list.len() - id - 1; let def = definition_ast_list[id].0.read(); if let TopLevelDef::Function { simple_name, signature, .. } = &*def { assert!(name == *simple_name); builtin_ty.insert(name, *signature); builtin_id.insert(name, DefinitionId(id)); } else if let TopLevelDef::Class { name, constructor, object_id, .. } = &*def { assert!(id == object_id.0); if let Some(constructor) = constructor { builtin_ty.insert(*name, *constructor); } builtin_id.insert(*name, DefinitionId(id)); } } for (name, sig, codegen_callback) in builtins { let fun_sig = unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(sig)); builtin_ty.insert(name, fun_sig); builtin_id.insert(name, DefinitionId(definition_ast_list.len())); definition_ast_list.push(( Arc::new(RwLock::new(TopLevelDef::Function { name: name.into(), simple_name: name, signature: fun_sig, instance_to_stmt: Default::default(), instance_to_symbol: Default::default(), var_id: Default::default(), resolver: None, codegen_callback: Some(codegen_callback), loc: None, })), None, )); keyword_list.insert(name); } ( TopLevelComposer { builtin_num: definition_ast_list.len(), definition_ast_list, primitives_ty, unifier, keyword_list, defined_names, method_class, core_config, }, builtin_id, builtin_ty, ) } pub fn make_top_level_context(&self) -> TopLevelContext { TopLevelContext { definitions: RwLock::new( self.definition_ast_list.iter().map(|(x, ..)| x.clone()).collect_vec(), ) .into(), // NOTE: only one for now unifiers: Arc::new(RwLock::new(vec![( self.unifier.get_shared_unifier(), self.primitives_ty, )])), personality_symbol: Some("__nac3_personality".into()), } } pub fn extract_def_list(&self) -> Vec>> { self.definition_ast_list.iter().map(|(def, ..)| def.clone()).collect_vec() } /// register, just remember the names of top level classes/function /// and check duplicate class/method/function definition pub fn register_top_level( &mut self, ast: ast::Stmt<()>, resolver: Option>, mod_path: String, allow_no_constructor: bool, ) -> Result<(StrRef, DefinitionId, Option), String> { let defined_names = &mut self.defined_names; match &ast.node { ast::StmtKind::ClassDef { name: class_name, bases, body, .. } => { if self.keyword_list.contains(class_name) { return Err(format!( "cannot use keyword `{}` as a class name (at {})", class_name, ast.location )); } let fully_qualified_class_name = if mod_path.is_empty() { *class_name } else { format!("{}.{}", &mod_path, class_name).into() }; if !defined_names.insert(fully_qualified_class_name.into()) { return Err(format!( "duplicate definition of class `{}` (at {})", class_name, ast.location )); } let class_name = *class_name; let class_def_id = self.definition_ast_list.len(); // since later when registering class method, ast will still be used, // here push None temporarily, later will move the ast inside let constructor_ty = self.unifier.get_dummy_var().0; let mut class_def_ast = ( Arc::new(RwLock::new(Self::make_top_level_class_def( class_def_id, resolver.clone(), fully_qualified_class_name, Some(constructor_ty), Some(ast.location) ))), None, ); // parse class def body and register class methods into the def list. // module's symbol resolver would not know the name of the class methods, // thus cannot return their definition_id type MethodInfo = ( // the simple method name without class name StrRef, // in this top level def, method name is prefixed with the class name Arc>, DefinitionId, Type, ast::Stmt<()>, ); let mut class_method_name_def_ids: Vec = Vec::new(); // we do not push anything to the def list, so we keep track of the index // and then push in the correct order after the for loop let mut class_method_index_offset = 0; let init_id = "__init__".into(); let exception_id = "Exception".into(); // TODO: Fix this hack. We will generate constructor for classes that inherit // from Exception class (directly or indirectly), but this code cannot handle // subclass of other exception classes. let mut contains_constructor = bases .iter().any(|base| matches!(base.node, ast::ExprKind::Name { id, .. } if id == exception_id)); for b in body { if let ast::StmtKind::FunctionDef { name: method_name, .. } = &b.node { if method_name == &init_id { contains_constructor = true; } if self.keyword_list.contains(method_name) { return Err(format!( "cannot use keyword `{}` as a method name (at {})", method_name, b.location )); } let global_class_method_name = Self::make_class_method_name( fully_qualified_class_name.into(), &method_name.to_string(), ); if !defined_names.insert(global_class_method_name.clone()) { return Err(format!( "class method `{}` defined twice (at {})", global_class_method_name, b.location )); } let method_def_id = self.definition_ast_list.len() + { // plus 1 here since we already have the class def class_method_index_offset += 1; class_method_index_offset }; // dummy method define here let dummy_method_type = self.unifier.get_dummy_var().0; class_method_name_def_ids.push(( *method_name, RwLock::new(Self::make_top_level_function_def( global_class_method_name, *method_name, // later unify with parsed type dummy_method_type, resolver.clone(), Some(b.location), )) .into(), DefinitionId(method_def_id), dummy_method_type, b.clone(), )); } else { // do nothing continue; } } // move the ast to the entry of the class in the ast_list class_def_ast.1 = Some(ast); // get the methods into the top level class_def for (name, _, id, ty, ..) in &class_method_name_def_ids { let mut class_def = class_def_ast.0.write(); if let TopLevelDef::Class { methods, .. } = class_def.deref_mut() { methods.push((*name, *ty, *id)); self.method_class.insert(*id, DefinitionId(class_def_id)); } else { unreachable!() } } // now class_def_ast and class_method_def_ast_ids are ok, put them into actual def list in correct order self.definition_ast_list.push(class_def_ast); for (_, def, _, _, ast) in class_method_name_def_ids { self.definition_ast_list.push((def, Some(ast))); } let result_ty = if allow_no_constructor || contains_constructor { Some(constructor_ty) } else { None }; Ok((class_name, DefinitionId(class_def_id), result_ty)) } ast::StmtKind::FunctionDef { name, .. } => { let global_fun_name = if mod_path.is_empty() { name.to_string() } else { format!("{}.{}", mod_path, name) }; if !defined_names.insert(global_fun_name.clone()) { return Err(format!( "top level function `{}` defined twice (at {})", global_fun_name, ast.location )); } let fun_name = *name; let ty_to_be_unified = self.unifier.get_dummy_var().0; // add to the definition list self.definition_ast_list.push(( RwLock::new(Self::make_top_level_function_def( global_fun_name, *name, // dummy here, unify with correct type later ty_to_be_unified, resolver, Some(ast.location) )) .into(), Some(ast), )); // return Ok(( fun_name, DefinitionId(self.definition_ast_list.len() - 1), Some(ty_to_be_unified), )) } _ => Err(format!( "registrations of constructs other than top level classes/functions are not supported (at {})", ast.location )), } } pub fn start_analysis(&mut self, inference: bool) -> Result<(), String> { self.analyze_top_level_class_type_var()?; self.analyze_top_level_class_bases()?; self.analyze_top_level_class_fields_methods()?; self.analyze_top_level_function()?; if inference { self.analyze_function_instance()?; } Ok(()) } /// step 1, analyze the type vars associated with top level class fn analyze_top_level_class_type_var(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> { let def_list = &self.definition_ast_list; let temp_def_list = self.extract_def_list(); let unifier = self.unifier.borrow_mut(); let primitives_store = &self.primitives_ty; let mut analyze = |class_def: &Arc>, class_ast: &Option| { // only deal with class def here let mut class_def = class_def.write(); let (class_bases_ast, class_def_type_vars, class_resolver) = { if let TopLevelDef::Class { type_vars, resolver, .. } = class_def.deref_mut() { if let Some(ast::Located { node: ast::StmtKind::ClassDef { bases, .. }, .. }) = class_ast { (bases, type_vars, resolver) } else { unreachable!("must be both class") } } else { return Ok(()); } }; let class_resolver = class_resolver.as_ref().unwrap(); let class_resolver = class_resolver.deref(); let mut is_generic = false; for b in class_bases_ast { match &b.node { // analyze typevars bounded to the class, // only support things like `class A(Generic[T, V])`, // things like `class A(Generic[T, V, ImportedModule.T])` is not supported // i.e. only simple names are allowed in the subscript // should update the TopLevelDef::Class.typevars and the TypeEnum::TObj.params ast::ExprKind::Subscript { value, slice, .. } if { matches!( &value.node, ast::ExprKind::Name { id, .. } if id == &"Generic".into() ) } => { if !is_generic { is_generic = true; } else { return Err(format!( "only single Generic[...] is allowed (at {})", b.location )); } let type_var_list: Vec<&ast::Expr<()>>; // if `class A(Generic[T, V, G])` if let ast::ExprKind::Tuple { elts, .. } = &slice.node { type_var_list = elts.iter().collect_vec(); // `class A(Generic[T])` } else { type_var_list = vec![slice.deref()]; } // parse the type vars let type_vars = type_var_list .into_iter() .map(|e| { class_resolver.parse_type_annotation( &temp_def_list, unifier, primitives_store, e, ) }) .collect::, _>>()?; // check if all are unique type vars let all_unique_type_var = { let mut occurred_type_var_id: HashSet = HashSet::new(); type_vars.iter().all(|x| { let ty = unifier.get_ty(*x); if let TypeEnum::TVar { id, .. } = ty.as_ref() { occurred_type_var_id.insert(*id) } else { false } }) }; if !all_unique_type_var { return Err(format!( "duplicate type variable occurs (at {})", slice.location )); } // add to TopLevelDef class_def_type_vars.extend(type_vars); } // if others, do nothing in this function _ => continue, } } Ok(()) }; let mut errors = HashSet::new(); for (class_def, class_ast) in def_list.iter().skip(self.builtin_num) { if class_ast.is_none() { continue; } if let Err(e) = analyze(class_def, class_ast) { errors.insert(e); } } if !errors.is_empty() { return Err(errors.into_iter().sorted().join("\n----------\n")); } Ok(()) } /// step 2, base classes. /// now that the type vars of all classes are done, handle base classes and /// put Self class into the ancestors list. We only allow single inheritance fn analyze_top_level_class_bases(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> { if self.unifier.top_level.is_none() { let ctx = Arc::new(self.make_top_level_context()); self.unifier.top_level = Some(ctx); } let temp_def_list = self.extract_def_list(); let unifier = self.unifier.borrow_mut(); let primitive_types = self.primitives_ty; let mut get_direct_parents = |class_def: &Arc>, class_ast: &Option| { let mut class_def = class_def.write(); let (class_def_id, class_bases, class_ancestors, class_resolver, class_type_vars) = { if let TopLevelDef::Class { ancestors, resolver, object_id, type_vars, .. } = class_def.deref_mut() { if let Some(ast::Located { node: ast::StmtKind::ClassDef { bases, .. }, .. }) = class_ast { (object_id, bases, ancestors, resolver, type_vars) } else { unreachable!("must be both class") } } else { return Ok(()); } }; let class_resolver = class_resolver.as_ref().unwrap(); let class_resolver = class_resolver.deref(); let mut has_base = false; for b in class_bases { // type vars have already been handled, so skip on `Generic[...]` if matches!( &b.node, ast::ExprKind::Subscript { value, .. } if matches!( &value.node, ast::ExprKind::Name { id, .. } if id == &"Generic".into() ) ) { continue; } if has_base { return Err(format!( "a class definition can only have at most one base class \ declaration and one generic declaration (at {})", b.location )); } has_base = true; // the function parse_ast_to make sure that no type var occurred in // bast_ty if it is a CustomClassKind let base_ty = parse_ast_to_type_annotation_kinds( class_resolver, &temp_def_list, unifier, &primitive_types, b, vec![(*class_def_id, class_type_vars.clone())].into_iter().collect(), )?; if let TypeAnnotation::CustomClass { .. } = &base_ty { class_ancestors.push(base_ty); } else { return Err(format!( "class base declaration can only be custom class (at {})", b.location, )); } } Ok(()) }; // first, only push direct parent into the list let mut errors = HashSet::new(); for (class_def, class_ast) in self.definition_ast_list.iter_mut().skip(self.builtin_num) { if class_ast.is_none() { continue; } if let Err(e) = get_direct_parents(class_def, class_ast) { errors.insert(e); } } if !errors.is_empty() { return Err(errors.into_iter().sorted().join("\n----------\n")); } // second, get all ancestors let mut ancestors_store: HashMap> = Default::default(); let mut get_all_ancestors = |class_def: &Arc>| { let class_def = class_def.read(); let (class_ancestors, class_id) = { if let TopLevelDef::Class { ancestors, object_id, .. } = class_def.deref() { (ancestors, *object_id) } else { return Ok(()); } }; ancestors_store.insert( class_id, // if class has direct parents, get all ancestors of its parents. Else just empty if class_ancestors.is_empty() { vec![] } else { Self::get_all_ancestors_helper(&class_ancestors[0], temp_def_list.as_slice())? }, ); Ok(()) }; for (class_def, ast) in self.definition_ast_list.iter().skip(self.builtin_num) { if ast.is_none() { continue; } if let Err(e) = get_all_ancestors(class_def) { errors.insert(e); } } if !errors.is_empty() { return Err(errors.into_iter().sorted().join("\n----------\n")); } // insert the ancestors to the def list for (class_def, class_ast) in self.definition_ast_list.iter_mut().skip(self.builtin_num) { if class_ast.is_none() { continue; } let mut class_def = class_def.write(); let (class_ancestors, class_id, class_type_vars) = { if let TopLevelDef::Class { ancestors, object_id, type_vars, .. } = class_def.deref_mut() { (ancestors, *object_id, type_vars) } else { continue; } }; let ans = ancestors_store.get_mut(&class_id).unwrap(); class_ancestors.append(ans); // insert self type annotation to the front of the vector to maintain the order class_ancestors .insert(0, make_self_type_annotation(class_type_vars.as_slice(), class_id)); // special case classes that inherit from Exception if class_ancestors .iter() .any(|ann| matches!(ann, TypeAnnotation::CustomClass { id, .. } if id.0 == 7)) { // if inherited from Exception, the body should be a pass if let ast::StmtKind::ClassDef { body, .. } = &class_ast.as_ref().unwrap().node { for stmt in body.iter() { if matches!( stmt.node, ast::StmtKind::FunctionDef { .. } | ast::StmtKind::AnnAssign { .. } ) { return Err("Classes inherited from exception should have no custom fields/methods".into()); } } } else { unreachable!() } } } // deal with ancestor of Exception object if let TopLevelDef::Class { name, ancestors, object_id, .. } = &mut *self.definition_ast_list[7].0.write() { assert_eq!(*name, "Exception".into()); ancestors.push(make_self_type_annotation(&[], *object_id)); } else { unreachable!(); } Ok(()) } /// step 3, class fields and methods fn analyze_top_level_class_fields_methods(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> { let temp_def_list = self.extract_def_list(); let primitives = &self.primitives_ty; let def_ast_list = &self.definition_ast_list; let unifier = self.unifier.borrow_mut(); let mut type_var_to_concrete_def: HashMap = HashMap::new(); let mut errors = HashSet::new(); for (class_def, class_ast) in def_ast_list.iter().skip(self.builtin_num) { if class_ast.is_none() { continue; } if matches!(&*class_def.read(), TopLevelDef::Class { .. }) { if let Err(e) = Self::analyze_single_class_methods_fields( class_def.clone(), &class_ast.as_ref().unwrap().node, &temp_def_list, unifier, primitives, &mut type_var_to_concrete_def, (&self.keyword_list, &self.core_config), ) { errors.insert(e); } } } if !errors.is_empty() { return Err(errors.into_iter().sorted().join("\n----------\n")); } // handle the inherited methods and fields // Note: we cannot defer error handling til the end of the loop, because there is loop // carried dependency, ignoring the error (temporarily) will cause all assumptions to break // and produce weird error messages let mut current_ancestor_depth: usize = 2; loop { let mut finished = true; for (class_def, class_ast) in def_ast_list.iter().skip(self.builtin_num) { if class_ast.is_none() { continue; } let mut class_def = class_def.write(); if let TopLevelDef::Class { ancestors, .. } = class_def.deref() { // if the length of the ancestor is equal to the current depth // it means that all the ancestors of the class is handled if ancestors.len() == current_ancestor_depth { finished = false; Self::analyze_single_class_ancestors( class_def.deref_mut(), &temp_def_list, unifier, primitives, &mut type_var_to_concrete_def, )?; } } } if finished { break; } else { current_ancestor_depth += 1; } if current_ancestor_depth > def_ast_list.len() + 1 { unreachable!("cannot be longer than the whole top level def list") } } let mut subst_list = Some(Vec::new()); // unification of previously assigned typevar let mut unification_helper = |ty, def| { let target_ty = get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds(&temp_def_list, unifier, primitives, &def, &mut subst_list)?; unifier.unify(ty, target_ty).map_err(|e| e.to_display(unifier).to_string())?; Ok(()) as Result<(), String> }; for (ty, def) in type_var_to_concrete_def { if let Err(e) = unification_helper(ty, def) { errors.insert(e); } } for ty in subst_list.unwrap().into_iter() { if let TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, params, fields } = &*unifier.get_ty(ty) { let mut new_fields = HashMap::new(); let mut need_subst = false; for (name, (ty, mutable)) in fields.iter() { let substituted = unifier.subst(*ty, params); need_subst |= substituted.is_some(); new_fields.insert(*name, (substituted.unwrap_or(*ty), *mutable)); } if need_subst { let new_ty = unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id: *obj_id, params: params.clone(), fields: new_fields, }); if let Err(e) = unifier.unify(ty, new_ty) { errors.insert(e.to_display(unifier).to_string()); } } } else { unreachable!() } } if !errors.is_empty() { return Err(errors.into_iter().sorted().join("\n----------\n")); } for (def, _) in def_ast_list.iter().skip(self.builtin_num) { match &*def.read() { TopLevelDef::Class { resolver: Some(resolver), .. } | TopLevelDef::Function { resolver: Some(resolver), .. } => { if let Err(e) = resolver.handle_deferred_eval(unifier, &temp_def_list, primitives) { errors.insert(e); } } _ => {} } } Ok(()) } /// step 4, after class methods are done, top level functions have nothing unknown fn analyze_top_level_function(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> { let def_list = &self.definition_ast_list; let keyword_list = &self.keyword_list; let temp_def_list = self.extract_def_list(); let unifier = self.unifier.borrow_mut(); let primitives_store = &self.primitives_ty; let mut errors = HashSet::new(); let mut analyze = |function_def: &Arc>, function_ast: &Option| { let mut function_def = function_def.write(); let function_def = function_def.deref_mut(); let function_ast = if let Some(x) = function_ast.as_ref() { x } else { // if let TopLevelDef::Function { name, .. } = `` return Ok(()); }; if let TopLevelDef::Function { signature: dummy_ty, resolver, var_id, .. } = function_def { if matches!(unifier.get_ty(*dummy_ty).as_ref(), TypeEnum::TFunc(_)) { // already have a function type, is class method, skip return Ok(()); } if let ast::StmtKind::FunctionDef { args, returns, .. } = &function_ast.node { let resolver = resolver.as_ref(); let resolver = resolver.unwrap(); let resolver = resolver.deref(); let mut function_var_map: HashMap = HashMap::new(); let arg_types = { // make sure no duplicate parameter let mut defined_parameter_name: HashSet<_> = HashSet::new(); for x in args.args.iter() { if !defined_parameter_name.insert(x.node.arg) || keyword_list.contains(&x.node.arg) { return Err(format!( "top level function must have unique parameter names \ and names should not be the same as the keywords (at {})", x.location )); } } let arg_with_default: Vec<( &ast::Located>, Option<&ast::Expr>, )> = args .args .iter() .rev() .zip( args.defaults .iter() .rev() .map(|x| -> Option<&ast::Expr> { Some(x) }) .chain(std::iter::repeat(None)), ) .collect_vec(); arg_with_default .iter() .rev() .map(|(x, default)| -> Result { let annotation = x .node .annotation .as_ref() .ok_or_else(|| { format!( "function parameter `{}` needs type annotation at {}", x.node.arg, x.location ) })? .as_ref(); let type_annotation = parse_ast_to_type_annotation_kinds( resolver, temp_def_list.as_slice(), unifier, primitives_store, annotation, // NOTE: since only class need this, for function // it should be fine to be empty map HashMap::new(), )?; let type_vars_within = get_type_var_contained_in_type_annotation(&type_annotation) .into_iter() .map(|x| -> Result<(u32, Type), String> { if let TypeAnnotation::TypeVar(ty) = x { Ok((Self::get_var_id(ty, unifier)?, ty)) } else { unreachable!("must be type var annotation kind") } }) .collect::, _>>()?; for (id, ty) in type_vars_within { if let Some(prev_ty) = function_var_map.insert(id, ty) { // if already have the type inserted, make sure they are the same thing assert_eq!(prev_ty, ty); } } let ty = get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds( temp_def_list.as_ref(), unifier, primitives_store, &type_annotation, &mut None )?; Ok(FuncArg { name: x.node.arg, ty, default_value: match default { None => None, Some(default) => Some({ let v = Self::parse_parameter_default_value( default, resolver, )?; Self::check_default_param_type( &v, &type_annotation, primitives_store, unifier, ) .map_err( |err| format!("{} (at {})", err, x.location), )?; v }), }, }) }) .collect::, _>>()? }; let return_ty = { if let Some(returns) = returns { let return_ty_annotation = { let return_annotation = returns.as_ref(); parse_ast_to_type_annotation_kinds( resolver, &temp_def_list, unifier, primitives_store, return_annotation, // NOTE: since only class need this, for function // it should be fine to be empty map HashMap::new(), )? }; let type_vars_within = get_type_var_contained_in_type_annotation(&return_ty_annotation) .into_iter() .map(|x| -> Result<(u32, Type), String> { if let TypeAnnotation::TypeVar(ty) = x { Ok((Self::get_var_id(ty, unifier)?, ty)) } else { unreachable!("must be type var here") } }) .collect::, _>>()?; for (id, ty) in type_vars_within { if let Some(prev_ty) = function_var_map.insert(id, ty) { // if already have the type inserted, make sure they are the same thing assert_eq!(prev_ty, ty); } } get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds( &temp_def_list, unifier, primitives_store, &return_ty_annotation, &mut None )? } else { primitives_store.none } }; var_id.extend_from_slice(function_var_map .iter() .filter_map(|(id, ty)| { if matches!(&*unifier.get_ty(*ty), TypeEnum::TVar { range, .. } if range.is_empty()) { None } else { Some(*id) } }) .collect_vec() .as_slice() ); let function_ty = unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature { args: arg_types, ret: return_ty, vars: function_var_map, })); unifier.unify(*dummy_ty, function_ty).map_err(|e| { e.at(Some(function_ast.location)).to_display(unifier).to_string() })?; } else { unreachable!("must be both function"); } } else { // not top level function def, skip return Ok(()); } Ok(()) }; for (function_def, function_ast) in def_list.iter().skip(self.builtin_num) { if function_ast.is_none() { continue; } if let Err(e) = analyze(function_def, function_ast) { errors.insert(e); } } if !errors.is_empty() { return Err(errors.into_iter().sorted().join("\n----------\n")); } Ok(()) } fn analyze_single_class_methods_fields( class_def: Arc>, class_ast: &ast::StmtKind<()>, temp_def_list: &[Arc>], unifier: &mut Unifier, primitives: &PrimitiveStore, type_var_to_concrete_def: &mut HashMap, core_info: (&HashSet, &ComposerConfig), ) -> Result<(), String> { let (keyword_list, core_config) = core_info; let mut class_def = class_def.write(); let ( class_id, _class_name, _class_bases_ast, class_body_ast, _class_ancestor_def, class_fields_def, class_methods_def, class_type_vars_def, class_resolver, ) = if let TopLevelDef::Class { object_id, ancestors, fields, methods, resolver, type_vars, .. } = &mut *class_def { if let ast::StmtKind::ClassDef { name, bases, body, .. } = &class_ast { (*object_id, *name, bases, body, ancestors, fields, methods, type_vars, resolver) } else { unreachable!("here must be class def ast"); } } else { unreachable!("here must be toplevel class def"); }; let class_resolver = class_resolver.as_ref().unwrap(); let class_resolver = class_resolver.as_ref(); let mut defined_fields: HashSet<_> = HashSet::new(); for b in class_body_ast { match &b.node { ast::StmtKind::FunctionDef { args, returns, name, .. } => { let (method_dummy_ty, method_id) = Self::get_class_method_def_info(class_methods_def, *name)?; let mut method_var_map: HashMap = HashMap::new(); let arg_types: Vec = { // check method parameters cannot have same name let mut defined_parameter_name: HashSet<_> = HashSet::new(); let zelf: StrRef = "self".into(); for x in args.args.iter() { if !defined_parameter_name.insert(x.node.arg) || (keyword_list.contains(&x.node.arg) && x.node.arg != zelf) { return Err(format!( "top level function must have unique parameter names \ and names should not be the same as the keywords (at {})", x.location )); } } if name == &"__init__".into() && !defined_parameter_name.contains(&zelf) { return Err(format!( "__init__ method must have a `self` parameter (at {})", b.location )); } if !defined_parameter_name.contains(&zelf) { return Err(format!( "class method must have a `self` parameter (at {})", b.location )); } let mut result = Vec::new(); let arg_with_default: Vec<( &ast::Located>, Option<&ast::Expr>, )> = args .args .iter() .rev() .zip( args.defaults .iter() .rev() .map(|x| -> Option<&ast::Expr> { Some(x) }) .chain(std::iter::repeat(None)), ) .collect_vec(); for (x, default) in arg_with_default.into_iter().rev() { let name = x.node.arg; if name != zelf { let type_ann = { let annotation_expr = x .node .annotation .as_ref() .ok_or_else(|| { format!( "type annotation needed for `{}` at {}", x.node.arg, x.location ) })? .as_ref(); parse_ast_to_type_annotation_kinds( class_resolver, temp_def_list, unifier, primitives, annotation_expr, vec![(class_id, class_type_vars_def.clone())] .into_iter() .collect(), )? }; // find type vars within this method parameter type annotation let type_vars_within = get_type_var_contained_in_type_annotation(&type_ann); // handle the class type var and the method type var for type_var_within in type_vars_within { if let TypeAnnotation::TypeVar(ty) = type_var_within { let id = Self::get_var_id(ty, unifier)?; if let Some(prev_ty) = method_var_map.insert(id, ty) { // if already in the list, make sure they are the same? assert_eq!(prev_ty, ty); } } else { unreachable!("must be type var annotation"); } } // finish handling type vars let dummy_func_arg = FuncArg { name, ty: unifier.get_dummy_var().0, default_value: match default { None => None, Some(default) => { if name == "self".into() { return Err(format!("`self` parameter cannot take default value (at {})", x.location)); } Some({ let v = Self::parse_parameter_default_value( default, class_resolver, )?; Self::check_default_param_type( &v, &type_ann, primitives, unifier, ) .map_err(|err| { format!("{} (at {})", err, x.location) })?; v }) } }, }; // push the dummy type and the type annotation // into the list for later unification type_var_to_concrete_def .insert(dummy_func_arg.ty, type_ann.clone()); result.push(dummy_func_arg) } } result }; let ret_type = { if let Some(result) = returns { let result = result.as_ref(); let annotation = parse_ast_to_type_annotation_kinds( class_resolver, temp_def_list, unifier, primitives, result, vec![(class_id, class_type_vars_def.clone())].into_iter().collect(), )?; // find type vars within this return type annotation let type_vars_within = get_type_var_contained_in_type_annotation(&annotation); // handle the class type var and the method type var for type_var_within in type_vars_within { if let TypeAnnotation::TypeVar(ty) = type_var_within { let id = Self::get_var_id(ty, unifier)?; if let Some(prev_ty) = method_var_map.insert(id, ty) { // if already in the list, make sure they are the same? assert_eq!(prev_ty, ty); } } else { unreachable!("must be type var annotation"); } } let dummy_return_type = unifier.get_dummy_var().0; type_var_to_concrete_def.insert(dummy_return_type, annotation.clone()); dummy_return_type } else { // if do not have return annotation, return none // for uniform handling, still use type annotation let dummy_return_type = unifier.get_dummy_var().0; type_var_to_concrete_def.insert( dummy_return_type, TypeAnnotation::Primitive(primitives.none), ); dummy_return_type } }; if let TopLevelDef::Function { var_id, .. } = temp_def_list.get(method_id.0).unwrap().write().deref_mut() { var_id.extend_from_slice(method_var_map .iter() .filter_map(|(id, ty)| { if matches!(&*unifier.get_ty(*ty), TypeEnum::TVar { range, .. } if range.is_empty()) { None } else { Some(*id) } }) .collect_vec() .as_slice() ); } else { unreachable!() } let method_type = unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature { args: arg_types, ret: ret_type, vars: method_var_map, })); // unify now since function type is not in type annotation define // which should be fine since type within method_type will be subst later unifier .unify(method_dummy_ty, method_type) .map_err(|e| e.to_display(unifier).to_string())?; } ast::StmtKind::AnnAssign { target, annotation, value: None, .. } => { if let ast::ExprKind::Name { id: attr, .. } = &target.node { if defined_fields.insert(attr.to_string()) { let dummy_field_type = unifier.get_dummy_var().0; // handle Kernel[T], KernelInvariant[T] let (annotation, mutable) = match &annotation.node { ast::ExprKind::Subscript { value, slice, .. } if matches!( &value.node, ast::ExprKind::Name { id, .. } if id == &core_config.kernel_invariant_ann.into() ) => { (slice, false) } ast::ExprKind::Subscript { value, slice, .. } if matches!( &value.node, ast::ExprKind::Name { id, .. } if core_config.kernel_ann.map_or(false, |c| id == &c.into()) ) => { (slice, true) } _ if core_config.kernel_ann.is_none() => (annotation, true), _ => continue, // ignore fields annotated otherwise }; class_fields_def.push((*attr, dummy_field_type, mutable)); let parsed_annotation = parse_ast_to_type_annotation_kinds( class_resolver, temp_def_list, unifier, primitives, annotation.as_ref(), vec![(class_id, class_type_vars_def.clone())].into_iter().collect(), )?; // find type vars within this return type annotation let type_vars_within = get_type_var_contained_in_type_annotation(&parsed_annotation); // handle the class type var and the method type var for type_var_within in type_vars_within { if let TypeAnnotation::TypeVar(t) = type_var_within { if !class_type_vars_def.contains(&t) { return Err(format!( "class fields can only use type \ vars over which the class is generic (at {})", annotation.location )); } } else { unreachable!("must be type var annotation"); } } type_var_to_concrete_def.insert(dummy_field_type, parsed_annotation); } else { return Err(format!( "same class fields `{}` defined twice (at {})", attr, target.location )); } } else { return Err(format!( "unsupported statement type in class definition body (at {})", target.location )); } } ast::StmtKind::Assign { .. } => {}, // we don't class attributes ast::StmtKind::Pass { .. } => {} ast::StmtKind::Expr { value: _, .. } => {} // typically a docstring; ignoring all expressions matches CPython behavior _ => { return Err(format!( "unsupported statement in class definition body (at {})", b.location )) } } } Ok(()) } fn analyze_single_class_ancestors( class_def: &mut TopLevelDef, temp_def_list: &[Arc>], unifier: &mut Unifier, _primitives: &PrimitiveStore, type_var_to_concrete_def: &mut HashMap, ) -> Result<(), String> { let ( _class_id, class_ancestor_def, class_fields_def, class_methods_def, _class_type_vars_def, _class_resolver, ) = if let TopLevelDef::Class { object_id, ancestors, fields, methods, resolver, type_vars, .. } = class_def { (*object_id, ancestors, fields, methods, type_vars, resolver) } else { unreachable!("here must be class def ast"); }; // since when this function is called, the ancestors of the direct parent // are supposed to be already handled, so we only need to deal with the direct parent let base = class_ancestor_def.get(1).unwrap(); if let TypeAnnotation::CustomClass { id, params: _ } = base { let base = temp_def_list.get(id.0).unwrap(); let base = base.read(); if let TopLevelDef::Class { methods, fields, .. } = &*base { // handle methods override // since we need to maintain the order, create a new list let mut new_child_methods: Vec<(StrRef, Type, DefinitionId)> = Vec::new(); let mut is_override: HashSet = HashSet::new(); for (anc_method_name, anc_method_ty, anc_method_def_id) in methods { // find if there is a method with same name in the child class let mut to_be_added = (*anc_method_name, *anc_method_ty, *anc_method_def_id); for (class_method_name, class_method_ty, class_method_defid) in class_methods_def.iter() { if class_method_name == anc_method_name { // ignore and handle self // if is __init__ method, no need to check return type let ok = class_method_name == &"__init__".into() || Self::check_overload_function_type( *class_method_ty, *anc_method_ty, unifier, type_var_to_concrete_def, ); if !ok { return Err(format!( "method {} has same name as ancestors' method, but incompatible type", class_method_name )); } // mark it as added is_override.insert(*class_method_name); to_be_added = (*class_method_name, *class_method_ty, *class_method_defid); break; } } new_child_methods.push(to_be_added); } // add those that are not overriding method to the new_child_methods for (class_method_name, class_method_ty, class_method_defid) in class_methods_def.iter() { if !is_override.contains(class_method_name) { new_child_methods.push(( *class_method_name, *class_method_ty, *class_method_defid, )); } } // use the new_child_methods to replace all the elements in `class_methods_def` class_methods_def.drain(..); class_methods_def.extend(new_child_methods); // handle class fields let mut new_child_fields: Vec<(StrRef, Type, bool)> = Vec::new(); // let mut is_override: HashSet<_> = HashSet::new(); for (anc_field_name, anc_field_ty, mutable) in fields { let to_be_added = (*anc_field_name, *anc_field_ty, *mutable); // find if there is a fields with the same name in the child class for (class_field_name, ..) in class_fields_def.iter() { if class_field_name == anc_field_name { return Err(format!( "field `{}` has already declared in the ancestor classes", class_field_name )); } } new_child_fields.push(to_be_added); } for (class_field_name, class_field_ty, mutable) in class_fields_def.iter() { if !is_override.contains(class_field_name) { new_child_fields.push((*class_field_name, *class_field_ty, *mutable)); } } class_fields_def.drain(..); class_fields_def.extend(new_child_fields); } else { unreachable!("must be top level class def") } } else { unreachable!("must be class type annotation") } Ok(()) } /// step 5, analyze and call type inferencer to fill the `instance_to_stmt` of topleveldef::function fn analyze_function_instance(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> { // first get the class constructor type correct for the following type check in function body // also do class field instantiation check let init_str_id = "__init__".into(); let mut definition_extension = Vec::new(); let mut constructors = Vec::new(); let def_list = self.extract_def_list(); let primitives_ty = &self.primitives_ty; let definition_ast_list = &self.definition_ast_list; let unifier = &mut self.unifier; // first, fix function typevar ids // they may be changed with our use of placeholders for (def, _) in definition_ast_list.iter().skip(self.builtin_num) { if let TopLevelDef::Function { signature, var_id, .. } = &mut *def.write() { if let TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature { args, ret, vars }) = unifier.get_ty(*signature).as_ref() { let new_var_ids = vars.values().map(|v| match &*unifier.get_ty(*v) { TypeEnum::TVar{id, ..} => *id, _ => unreachable!(), }).collect_vec(); if new_var_ids != *var_id { let new_signature = FunSignature { args: args.clone(), ret: *ret, vars: new_var_ids.iter().zip(vars.values()).map(|(id, v)| (*id, *v)).collect(), }; unifier.unification_table.set_value(*signature, Rc::new(TypeEnum::TFunc(new_signature))); *var_id = new_var_ids; } } } } let mut errors = HashSet::new(); let mut analyze = |i, def: &Arc>, ast: &Option| { let class_def = def.read(); if let TopLevelDef::Class { constructor, ancestors, methods, fields, type_vars, name: class_name, object_id, resolver: _, .. } = &*class_def { let self_type = get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds( &def_list, unifier, primitives_ty, &make_self_type_annotation(type_vars, *object_id), &mut None )?; if ancestors .iter() .any(|ann| matches!(ann, TypeAnnotation::CustomClass { id, .. } if id.0 == 7)) { // create constructor for these classes let string = primitives_ty.str; let int64 = primitives_ty.int64; let signature = unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature { args: vec![ FuncArg { name: "msg".into(), ty: string, default_value: Some(SymbolValue::Str("".into())), }, FuncArg { name: "param0".into(), ty: int64, default_value: Some(SymbolValue::I64(0)), }, FuncArg { name: "param1".into(), ty: int64, default_value: Some(SymbolValue::I64(0)), }, FuncArg { name: "param2".into(), ty: int64, default_value: Some(SymbolValue::I64(0)), }, ], ret: self_type, vars: Default::default(), })); let cons_fun = TopLevelDef::Function { name: format!("{}.{}", class_name, "__init__"), simple_name: init_str_id, signature, var_id: Default::default(), instance_to_symbol: Default::default(), instance_to_stmt: Default::default(), resolver: None, codegen_callback: Some(Arc::new(GenCall::new(Box::new(exn_constructor)))), loc: None, }; constructors.push((i, signature, definition_extension.len())); definition_extension.push((Arc::new(RwLock::new(cons_fun)), None)); unifier.unify(constructor.unwrap(), signature).map_err(|e| { e.at(Some(ast.as_ref().unwrap().location)).to_display(unifier).to_string() })?; return Ok(()); } let mut init_id: Option = None; // get the class constructor type correct let (contor_args, contor_type_vars) = { let mut constructor_args: Vec = Vec::new(); let mut type_vars: HashMap = HashMap::new(); for (name, func_sig, id) in methods { if *name == init_str_id { init_id = Some(*id); if let TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature { args, vars, .. }) = unifier.get_ty(*func_sig).as_ref() { constructor_args.extend_from_slice(args); type_vars.extend(vars); } else { unreachable!("must be typeenum::tfunc") } } } (constructor_args, type_vars) }; let contor_type = unifier.add_ty(TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature { args: contor_args, ret: self_type, vars: contor_type_vars, })); unifier.unify(constructor.unwrap(), contor_type).map_err(|e| { e.at(Some(ast.as_ref().unwrap().location)).to_display(unifier).to_string() })?; // class field instantiation check if let (Some(init_id), false) = (init_id, fields.is_empty()) { let init_ast = definition_ast_list.get(init_id.0).unwrap().1.as_ref().unwrap(); if let ast::StmtKind::FunctionDef { name, body, .. } = &init_ast.node { if *name != init_str_id { unreachable!("must be init function here") } let all_inited = Self::get_all_assigned_field(body.as_slice())?; for (f, _, _) in fields { if !all_inited.contains(f) { return Err(format!( "fields `{}` of class `{}` not fully initialized in the initializer (at {})", f, class_name, body[0].location, )); } } } } } Ok(()) }; for (i, (def, ast)) in definition_ast_list.iter().enumerate().skip(self.builtin_num) { if ast.is_none() { continue; } if let Err(e) = analyze(i, def, ast) { errors.insert(e); } } if !errors.is_empty() { return Err(errors.into_iter().sorted().join("\n---------\n")); } for (i, signature, id) in constructors.into_iter() { if let TopLevelDef::Class { methods, .. } = &mut *self.definition_ast_list[i].0.write() { methods.push(( init_str_id, signature, DefinitionId(self.definition_ast_list.len() + id), )); } else { unreachable!() } } self.definition_ast_list.extend_from_slice(&definition_extension); let ctx = Arc::new(self.make_top_level_context()); // type inference inside function body let def_list = self.extract_def_list(); let primitives_ty = &self.primitives_ty; let definition_ast_list = &self.definition_ast_list; let unifier = &mut self.unifier; let method_class = &mut self.method_class; let mut analyze_2 = |id, def: &Arc>, ast: &Option| { if ast.is_none() { return Ok(()); } let mut function_def = def.write(); if let TopLevelDef::Function { instance_to_stmt, instance_to_symbol, name, simple_name, signature, resolver, .. } = &mut *function_def { if let TypeEnum::TFunc(FunSignature { args, ret, vars }) = unifier.get_ty(*signature).as_ref() { let mut vars = vars.clone(); // None if is not class method let uninst_self_type = { if let Some(class_id) = method_class.get(&DefinitionId(id)) { let class_def = definition_ast_list.get(class_id.0).unwrap(); let class_def = class_def.0.read(); if let TopLevelDef::Class { type_vars, .. } = &*class_def { let ty_ann = make_self_type_annotation(type_vars, *class_id); let self_ty = get_type_from_type_annotation_kinds( &def_list, unifier, primitives_ty, &ty_ann, &mut None )?; vars.extend(type_vars.iter().map(|ty| if let TypeEnum::TVar { id, .. } = &*unifier.get_ty(*ty) { (*id, *ty) } else { unreachable!() })); Some((self_ty, type_vars.clone())) } else { unreachable!("must be class def") } } else { None } }; // carefully handle those with bounds, without bounds and no typevars // if class methods, `vars` also contains all class typevars here let (type_var_subst_comb, no_range_vars) = { let mut no_ranges: Vec = Vec::new(); let var_combs = vars .iter() .map(|(_, ty)| { unifier.get_instantiations(*ty).unwrap_or_else(|| { if let TypeEnum::TVar { name, loc, .. } = &*unifier.get_ty(*ty) { let rigid = unifier.get_fresh_rigid_var(*name, *loc).0; no_ranges.push(rigid); vec![rigid] } else { unreachable!() } }) }) .multi_cartesian_product() .collect_vec(); let mut result: Vec> = Default::default(); for comb in var_combs { result.push(vars.keys().cloned().zip(comb).collect()); } // NOTE: if is empty, means no type var, append a empty subst, ok to do this? if result.is_empty() { result.push(HashMap::new()) } (result, no_ranges) }; for subst in type_var_subst_comb { // for each instance let inst_ret = unifier.subst(*ret, &subst).unwrap_or(*ret); let inst_args = { args.iter() .map(|a| FuncArg { name: a.name, ty: unifier.subst(a.ty, &subst).unwrap_or(a.ty), default_value: a.default_value.clone(), }) .collect_vec() }; let self_type = { uninst_self_type.clone().map(|(self_type, type_vars)| { let subst_for_self = { let class_ty_var_ids = type_vars .iter() .map(|x| { if let TypeEnum::TVar { id, .. } = &*unifier.get_ty(*x) { *id } else { unreachable!("must be type var here"); } }) .collect::>(); subst .iter() .filter_map(|(ty_var_id, ty_var_target)| { if class_ty_var_ids.contains(ty_var_id) { Some((*ty_var_id, *ty_var_target)) } else { None } }) .collect::>() }; unifier.subst(self_type, &subst_for_self).unwrap_or(self_type) }) }; let mut identifiers = { let mut result: HashSet<_> = HashSet::new(); if self_type.is_some() { result.insert("self".into()); } result.extend(inst_args.iter().map(|x| x.name)); result }; let mut calls: HashMap = HashMap::new(); let mut inferencer = Inferencer { top_level: ctx.as_ref(), defined_identifiers: identifiers.clone(), function_data: &mut FunctionData { resolver: resolver.as_ref().unwrap().clone(), return_type: if unifier.unioned(inst_ret, primitives_ty.none) { None } else { Some(inst_ret) }, // NOTE: allowed type vars bound_variables: no_range_vars.clone(), }, unifier, variable_mapping: { let mut result: HashMap = HashMap::new(); if let Some(self_ty) = self_type { result.insert("self".into(), self_ty); } result.extend(inst_args.iter().map(|x| (x.name, x.ty))); result }, primitives: primitives_ty, virtual_checks: &mut Vec::new(), calls: &mut calls, in_handler: false, }; let fun_body = if let ast::StmtKind::FunctionDef { body, decorator_list, .. } = ast.clone().unwrap().node { if !decorator_list.is_empty() && matches!(&decorator_list[0].node, ast::ExprKind::Name{ id, .. } if id == &"extern".into()) { instance_to_symbol.insert("".into(), simple_name.to_string()); continue; } if !decorator_list.is_empty() && matches!(&decorator_list[0].node, ast::ExprKind::Name{ id, .. } if id == &"rpc".into()) { instance_to_symbol.insert("".into(), simple_name.to_string()); continue; } body } else { unreachable!("must be function def ast") } .into_iter() .map(|b| inferencer.fold_stmt(b)) .collect::, _>>()?; let returned = inferencer.check_block(fun_body.as_slice(), &mut identifiers)?; { // check virtuals let defs = ctx.definitions.read(); for (subtype, base, loc) in inferencer.virtual_checks.iter() { let base_id = { let base = inferencer.unifier.get_ty(*base); if let TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, .. } = &*base { *obj_id } else { return Err(format!( "Base type should be a class (at {})", loc )); } }; let subtype_id = { let ty = inferencer.unifier.get_ty(*subtype); if let TypeEnum::TObj { obj_id, .. } = &*ty { *obj_id } else { let base_repr = inferencer.unifier.stringify(*base); let subtype_repr = inferencer.unifier.stringify(*subtype); return Err(format!( "Expected a subtype of {}, but got {} (at {})", base_repr, subtype_repr, loc )); } }; let subtype_entry = defs[subtype_id.0].read(); if let TopLevelDef::Class { ancestors, .. } = &*subtype_entry { let m = ancestors.iter() .find(|kind| matches!(kind, TypeAnnotation::CustomClass { id, .. } if *id == base_id)); if m.is_none() { let base_repr = inferencer.unifier.stringify(*base); let subtype_repr = inferencer.unifier.stringify(*subtype); return Err(format!( "Expected a subtype of {}, but got {} (at {})", base_repr, subtype_repr, loc )); } } else { unreachable!(); } } } if !unifier.unioned(inst_ret, primitives_ty.none) && !returned { let def_ast_list = &definition_ast_list; let ret_str = unifier.internal_stringify( inst_ret, &mut |id| { if let TopLevelDef::Class { name, .. } = &*def_ast_list[id].0.read() { name.to_string() } else { unreachable!("must be class id here") } }, &mut |id| format!("typevar{}", id), &mut None, ); return Err(format!( "expected return type of `{}` in function `{}` (at {})", ret_str, name, ast.as_ref().unwrap().location )); } instance_to_stmt.insert( get_subst_key(unifier, self_type, &subst, Some(&vars.keys().cloned().collect())), FunInstance { body: Arc::new(fun_body), unifier_id: 0, calls: Arc::new(calls), subst, }, ); } } else { unreachable!("must be typeenum::tfunc") } } Ok(()) }; for (id, (def, ast)) in self.definition_ast_list.iter().enumerate().skip(self.builtin_num) { if ast.is_none() { continue; } if let Err(e) = analyze_2(id, def, ast) { errors.insert(e); } } if !errors.is_empty() { return Err(errors.into_iter().sorted().join("\n----------\n")); } Ok(()) } }